TWI500240B - 用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置、用於提供廣義化及局部化觸覺回饋之方法及行動電子器件 - Google Patents

用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置、用於提供廣義化及局部化觸覺回饋之方法及行動電子器件 Download PDF

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TWI500240B
TWI500240B TW101107208A TW101107208A TWI500240B TW I500240 B TWI500240 B TW I500240B TW 101107208 A TW101107208 A TW 101107208A TW 101107208 A TW101107208 A TW 101107208A TW I500240 B TWI500240 B TW I500240B
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/016Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02NELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction

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Description

用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置、用於提供廣義化及局部化觸覺回饋之方法及行動電子器件
本文中所描述之實施例大體而言係關於振動產生器件,且更特定而言,係關於提供局部化觸覺回饋之振動產生器件。
本專利申請案主張2011年3月4日申請且題為「提供局部化觸覺回饋之線性振動器(LINEAR VIBRATOR PROVIDING LOCALIZED HAPTIC FEEDBACK)」之美國專利申請案第61/449,598號之優先權,該案亦可以代理人案號P221506.US.01在美國專利及商標局中加以識別,該案之內容以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
許多電子器件使用線性振動器藉由搖動器件罩殼或使器件罩殼振動而提供廣義化觸覺回饋。舉例而言,可將許多行動電話設定至振動模式,以使得當接收到呼叫時,電話主體(例如,罩殼)振動(代替發出可聞鈴聲)。然而,線性振動器通常使整個器件及/或罩殼振動且因此提供廣義化觸覺回饋。
在特定實施例中,局部化觸覺回饋可能為有用的或需要的。舉例而言,特定電子器件可使用虛擬的或基於觸摸之鍵盤、按鈕及其他輸入機構。在無某一形式之局部化回饋的情況下,使用者可能難以偵測到是否適當地或充分地觸摸輸入機構。廣義化觸覺回饋(諸如,使整個電子器件振動)可能並不足夠精確。
本文中所描述之一實施例可採用一種用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置的形式,該裝置包括:界定一孔隙之一殼體;安置於該殼體內之一驅動器;安置於線圈內之一塊狀物;及連接至該塊狀物且延伸穿過該孔隙之一突出物。
本文中所描述之另一實施例可採用一種用於提供廣義化及局部化觸覺回饋之方法的形式,該方法包括以下操作:接收一輸入信號;判定該輸入信號是否對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋;若該輸入信號對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋,則將一第一輸入提供至一線性振動器;否則,將一第二輸入提供至一線性振動器;其中該線性振動器回應於該第一輸入而輸出一廣義化觸覺回饋;且該線性振動器回應於該第二輸入而輸出一局部化觸覺回饋。
本文中所描述之一實施例可採用能夠提供局部化觸覺回饋之線性振動器的形式。該振動器可包括一塊狀物及一驅動器,該驅動器可操作以使該塊狀物振盪或以其他方式使該塊狀物移動。該驅動器及該塊狀物可包含於一殼體內。一突出物可自該塊狀物之一末端延伸穿過該殼體。
在正常操作期間,驅動器可使塊狀物沿著運動軸線快速地振盪。可藉由板片彈簧或耦接塊狀物及殼體之其他耦接元件將由此振盪產生之動能傳送至殼體。舉例而言,任何彈性元件皆可耦接塊狀物及殼體。殼體又可連接或貼附至電子器件之外殼。以此方式,當塊狀物振盪之動能經傳送 通過殼體且傳送至外殼時,該外殼可振動,藉此提供廣義化觸覺回饋。
另外,振動器可在升壓模式下操作以提供局部化觸覺回饋。在升壓模式下,驅動器使塊狀物進一步沿著其運動軸線往復地移動。在升壓模式下的塊狀物之運動範圍足以使得突出物碰撞電子器件外殼之一部分。該突出物可直接將動能傳送至外殼之受碰撞部分。由於突出物相對於外殼之大小而言相對較小,因此此碰撞可在外殼之相對較小區域中產生振動。在特定實施例中,可能僅在外殼之受碰撞部分中感覺到振動。在其他實施例中,可能在圍繞受碰撞部分但大體不跨越全部外殼之某一區域中感覺到振動。因此,該實施例可在於標準模式下操作時提供廣義化觸覺回饋且在於升壓模式下操作時提供局部化觸覺回饋。
圖1為線性振動器100之一實例實施例的剖示圖,該剖示圖係大致穿過該實施例之中心截取的。應瞭解,出於清晰之目的,簡化了圖1中所展示之線性振動器100。舉例而言,彈性部件(諸如,板片彈簧)大體上擱置於磁體105與殼體110之間;該彈性部件未展示於圖1中。同樣,可將一或多個襯墊置放於頂壁115之內表面與磁體之頂部之間,以減弱或消除由碰撞殼體之磁體產生的聲音。此等襯墊同樣未圖示。出於清晰之目的,亦可自圖1省略線性振動器100上之其他元件,但熟習此項技術者應瞭解,此等元件可存在於操作中或構造中。
大體上,線性振動器100包括一殼體110、安置於殼體內 且鄰近殼體之側壁之內部的一線圈120、在該線圈內之一塊狀物(例如,磁體105),及自該磁體向上突出之一分接頭桿125。出於便利之目的且關於諸圖中所展示之定向,使用「上」、「下」、「頂部」、「底部」及其他此等方向及/或基準,但應瞭解,特定實施例可在必要時使此等方向、基準及藉由方向及/或基準描述之關係變化。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,當線性振動器100處於圖1中所展示之定向時,分接頭桿125可自磁體105向下突出。
亦應瞭解,塊狀物本身不需要為磁性的。實情為,磁體105可由鋼、鐵或對磁場起作用之另一材料製成,以使得當供能量給線圈120時,塊狀物可移動。類似地,應瞭解,可用多個線圈來替換諸圖中所展示之單一線圈120以便形成一多階段致動器。
分接頭桿125延伸穿過殼體之頂部中的開口130且貼附至磁體105。分接頭桿可由任何合適材料製成,包括金屬、陶瓷、磁性材料、複合物、塑膠及其類似者。當磁體105移動時,分接頭桿125移動。
圖2為展示貼附至電子器件罩殼205之壁200之線性振動器100的剖示圖。罩殼205可為(例如)行動電話之主體,或平板計算器件、個人數位助理、膝上型電腦、計算周邊器件或其他合適器件之主體。通常,儘管未必,但線性振動器之殼體係貼附至罩殼之後壁200。在當前實施例中,當振動器不在作用中時,振動器之殼體110或分接頭桿125均不鄰接罩殼205。氣隙210存在於分接頭桿之頂部與器件罩 殼的頂壁215之內表面之間。
應瞭解,殼體110及/或分接頭桿125之大小、組態及/或定位可在實施例之間變化。因此,圖2中所展示之設定僅意欲說明一實例實施例。
圖3A及圖3B描繪正常操作期間(例如,當需要或請求廣義化觸覺回饋時)之線性振動器100。在正常操作期間,將電流提供至線圈120。當供能量給線圈時,線圈產生一磁場,該磁場使得磁體105移位或偏轉。大體上,使磁體105向上偏轉。當解除供能量給線圈120時,磁體可返回至其初始位置。因此,若電流為直流電,則可使線圈順序地受供能量及解除供能量,以使磁體快速地在圖3A及圖3B中所展示的位置之間振盪。應瞭解,圖3B中所展示之偏轉係由於供能量給線圈120而產生。當供能量給線圈時,分接頭桿與罩殼之頂表面之間的氣隙210的大小縮小,但通常仍存在氣隙。磁體105或塊狀物之運動可在罩殼或相關聯電子器件中產生振動或運動,藉此為使用者產生觸覺回饋。
其他實施例可提供交流電以供能量給線圈120。在此等實施例中,可在交流電之一相位期間迫使磁體105向上且在另一相位期間迫使磁體105向下。因此,可能未必如同直流電那樣順序地供能量及解除供能量給線圈。
圖4描繪在升壓操作期間處於最大偏轉之線性振動器100。當需要增強之局部化觸覺回饋時,可增大提供至線性振動器100之電流,藉此增大線圈120內之磁體105的最 大偏轉。此情形又增大了分接頭桿125之偏轉。在當前實施例中,使分接頭桿125足夠地偏轉以碰撞電子器件外殼,藉此產生可實體地感知到(例如,藉由使用者之手指或手)的局部化回饋。磁體105之前述振盪將分接頭桿125向下牽拉從而遠離罩殼,且接著將桿推動至罩殼中。可使振盪之頻率變化以形成不同觸覺回應。
特定實施例可回應於不同輸入信號而致動線性振動器100。另外,可在正常模式或升壓模式下回應於不同輸入信號而致動線性振動器100。作為一非限制性實例,可將振動器併入至具有觸敏式輸入之行動電話中。當接收到電話呼叫且將電話設定至靜音或振動模式時,線性振動器100可在正常模式下操作。因此,所接收呼叫充當輸入信號以啟動振動器。正常模式不僅可提供觸覺回饋,而且亦可提供諸如「嗡嗡聲」或振動噪音之可聞回饋。
另外,線性振動器100可經組態以在使用者觸摸行動電話之觸敏式螢幕之特定部分時被啟動。當在螢幕之適當區域中感測到使用者之觸摸或近觸摸(near-touch)時,可在升壓模式下啟動振動器,藉此在感測到觸摸之區域正下方提供局部化觸覺回饋。以此方式,局部化觸覺回饋可用以(例如)藉由模擬按壓按鈕之感覺而向使用者確認觸摸。在此實施例中,線性振動器100位於觸控式螢幕之需要局部化觸覺回饋之特定部分之下。觸控式螢幕可為電容性感測的、電阻性感測的或其類似者。在一些實施例中,可能並非藉由使用者輸入而壓下按鈕。實情為,局部化觸覺回饋 可按以下方式使按鈕(或按鈕區域)振動或移動:使得其(例如)經由按鈕區域之振動或運動來模擬按壓按鈕之感覺。
此情形在(例如)具有按鈕或其他輸入之觸敏式行動電話中可為有用的,該按鈕或其他輸入並非實體地壓下而改為在感測到觸摸時進行操作。亦即,當電話感測到使用者正觸摸按鈕時,按鈕可起始一輸入命令(代替機械致動)。(在此狀況下,「按鈕」指代與單獨機械致動輸入相對比而言的觸控式螢幕之一特定部分。)藉由在按鈕被觸摸時在按鈕之實體位置處提供局部化觸覺回饋,使用者可知曉其觸摸被感測到且輸入得以起始/接受。因此,線性振動器100可位於按鈕下。在另一實施例中,觸摸按鈕可在升壓模式與正常模式之間雙態觸發振動器。在此實施例中,觸覺回饋可發生於使用者輸入之後(當雙態觸發操作模式時)及使用者輸入停止之後。因此,不需要存在使用者輸入以使得特定操作模式在作用中;實情為,甚至在輸入停止之後,使用者輸入亦可影響觸覺回饋之模式。
圖5為展示用於操作本文中所描述之線性振動器之一實例方法的廣義流程圖。該方法以操作500開始,在操作500中,接收一致動信號。在操作505中,判定將在正常模式下抑或在升壓模式下驅動線性振動器100。
若需要正常模式,則執行操作515且將正常電流遞送至線性振動器100。此情形提供廣義化觸覺輸出;線性振動器經驅動以使得分接頭桿125並不碰撞罩殼。大體上,磁體105及分接頭桿125之運動範圍可類似於圖3A及圖3B中 所展示之範圍。在操作515之後,執行操作520。
相比之下,若需要升壓模式,則執行操作510。在操作510中,將足夠電流提供至線性致動器,以使得該線性致動器在關於圖4所描述之升壓模式下操作。亦即,與正常操作模式相比較而言,將較高位準之電流供應至線圈,且使磁體105足夠地偏轉以使得分接頭桿碰撞罩殼。當磁體振盪時,分接頭桿125重複地撞擊罩殼以提供局部化觸覺回饋。在操作510之後,進入操作520。
在操作520中,該實施例判定是否達到終止條件。該終止條件可變化且可取決於線性振動器100操作所在之模式。舉例而言,接聽來電可充當針對線性振動器在其正常模式下被驅動之終止條件。類似地,當線性振動器在升壓模式下被驅動時,在觸控式螢幕之特定部分上之電容性輸入的停止可充當一終止條件。
若未達到任何終止條件,則在操作525中,實施例繼續提供電流以操作線性振動器。週期性地,實施例返回至操作520以再次檢查終止條件。
若偵測到終止條件,則停止至振動器之電流且進入結束狀態530。
應瞭解,電流或電壓均可驅動線性振動器。因此,在必要時或在適當時,本文中對電流之引用應被理解為涵蓋電壓。
儘管已關於特定實體組態及操作方法描述實施例,但廣義熟習此項技術者應瞭解,存在替代例。預期此等替代例 且將此等替代例視為在保護範疇內。
100‧‧‧線性振動器
105‧‧‧磁體
110‧‧‧殼體
115‧‧‧頂壁
120‧‧‧線圈
125‧‧‧分接頭桿
130‧‧‧開口
200‧‧‧壁
205‧‧‧電子器件罩殼
210‧‧‧氣隙
215‧‧‧頂壁
圖1為能夠提供觸覺回饋之簡化線性振動器的剖示透視圖。
圖2為在一實例電子器件罩殼中的圖1之線性振動器的剖示透視圖。
圖3A為在圖2之罩殼內的在第一操作位置中的圖1之線性振動器的橫截面圖。
圖3B為在圖2之罩殼內的在第二操作位置中的圖1之線性振動器的橫截面圖。
圖4為在圖2之罩殼內的在第三操作位置中的圖1之線性振動器的橫截面圖,該線性振動器提供局部化觸覺回饋。
圖5為描繪圖1之線性振動器之操作模式的流程圖。
100‧‧‧線性振動器
105‧‧‧磁體
110‧‧‧殼體
120‧‧‧線圈
125‧‧‧分接頭桿
200‧‧‧壁
205‧‧‧電子器件罩殼
210‧‧‧氣隙
215‧‧‧頂壁

Claims (20)

  1. 一種在一電子器件中用於提供一廣義化觸覺回饋及一局部化觸覺回饋之裝置,其包含:一殼體,其經組態以可連接至一罩殼並界定一孔隙;一塊狀物;一突出物,其連接至該塊狀物,該突出物延伸穿過該孔隙,該突出物經組態以碰撞該電子器件之一內表面以製造該局部化觸覺回饋;一耦接元件,其耦接該塊狀物及該殼體;及一驅動器,其安置於該殼體內;其中該驅動器經組態以:移位該塊狀物一第一距離以提供該廣義化觸覺回饋;及移位該塊狀物一第二距離以提供該局部化觸覺回饋。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置,其中:該塊狀物為一磁性材料。
  3. 如請求項2之裝置,其進一步包含:至少一線圈,其經組態以接收一第一位準及一第二位準之電流;其中:當該至少一線圈接收該第一位準之電流時,該塊狀物移位該第一距離;且當該至少一線圈接收該第二位準之電流時,該塊狀物移位該第二距離。
  4. 如請求項3之裝置,其中該突出物經組態以在該塊狀物移位該第二距離時而非在該塊狀物移位該第一距離時,碰撞一表面。
  5. 如請求項4之裝置,其中:該殼體收藏於一罩殼內;且該表面為該罩殼之一側壁。
  6. 如請求項5之裝置,其中該罩殼包含一行動電話之一部分。
  7. 如請求項4之裝置,其中該表面為一使用者輸入表面。
  8. 如請求項7之裝置,其中該至少一線圈經組態以在該使用者輸入被觸摸時,接收該第二位準之電流。
  9. 如請求項3之裝置,其中:該至少一線圈包含一第一線圈及一第二線圈;該第一位準之電流供能量給該第一線圈但不供能量給該第二線圈;且該第二位準之電流供能量給至少該第二線圈。
  10. 一種用於為一電子器件提供一廣義化觸覺回饋及一局部化觸覺回饋之方法,該方法包含:接收一輸入信號;判定該輸入信號是否對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋;若該輸入信號對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋,則將一第一輸入提供至一線性振動器;否則,將一第二輸入提供至一線性振動器;其中: 該線性振動器包含一突出物,該突出物經組態以碰撞該電子器件之一內表面以製造該局部化觸覺回饋,且其中該線性振動器係耦接至一殼體,且該殼體經組態以可連接至該電子器件之一罩殼;該線性振動器回應於該第一輸入而輸出該廣義化觸覺回饋;且該線性振動器回應於該第二輸入而輸出該局部化觸覺回饋。
  11. 如請求項10之方法,其中:該第一輸入為一第一電流;且該第二輸入為一第二電流。
  12. 如請求項10之方法,其中該判定該輸入信號是否對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋之操作包含:感測一使用者輸入;及回應於感測到該使用者輸入,判定該輸入信號並不對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋。
  13. 如請求項12之方法,其中該判定該輸入信號並不對應於一廣義化觸覺回饋之操作發生於該使用者輸入停止之後。
  14. 如請求項12之方法,其中:該感測一使用者輸入之操作包含感測一使用者觸摸一按鈕;及將該局部化觸覺回饋輸出至該按鈕。
  15. 如請求項12之方法,其中該感測一使用者輸入之操作包 含電容性地感測一使用者輸入。
  16. 如請求項10之方法,其中該輸入信號為由一當事人而非該使用者起始之一遠端通信。
  17. 如請求項10之方法,其中該局部化觸覺回饋使該電子器件振動。
  18. 如請求項17之方法,其中該局部化觸覺回饋模擬與一使用者輸入區域互動之一感覺。
  19. 一種行動電子器件,其包含:一罩殼;一殼體,其界定一孔隙且由該罩殼所環繞;一驅動器,其安置於該殼體內;一塊狀物,其安置於一線圈內,該線圈經組態以回應於該觸控式感測器感測到該罩殼上之一觸摸而被供能量而至一第一狀態;一耦接元件,其耦接該塊狀物至該殼體,其中該殼體係耦接至該罩殼;一突出物,其連接至該塊狀物且延伸穿過該孔隙,該突出物經組態以當該線圈被供能量至該第一狀態時移動一第一距離,且該突出物經組態以當該線圈被供能量至一第二狀態時碰撞該行動電子器件之一內表面;及一觸控式感測器,其經組態以感測該罩殼上之一觸摸且操作性地連接至該線圈。
  20. 一種用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置,其包含:一外殼; 一觸敏顯示器,其至少部分安置於該外殼中;一殼體,其界定一孔隙,該殼體耦接至該外殼之一內側壁,使得該孔隙定位於該觸敏顯示器之一部分下方;一驅動器,其安置於該殼體內;一塊狀物,其安置於該驅動器內;及一突出物,其連接至該塊狀物並朝向該觸敏顯示器延伸穿過該孔隙。
TW101107208A 2011-03-04 2012-03-03 用於提供觸覺回饋之裝置、用於提供廣義化及局部化觸覺回饋之方法及行動電子器件 TWI500240B (zh)

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