TWI496721B - 多晶矽之包裝 - Google Patents

多晶矽之包裝 Download PDF

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TWI496721B
TWI496721B TW102138213A TW102138213A TWI496721B TW I496721 B TWI496721 B TW I496721B TW 102138213 A TW102138213 A TW 102138213A TW 102138213 A TW102138213 A TW 102138213A TW I496721 B TWI496721 B TW I496721B
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bag
film
polyethylene
seal
polycrystalline
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TW102138213A
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TW201422493A (zh
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Hanns Wochner
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Wacker Chemie Ag
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • B65D85/84—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for corrosive chemicals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/38—Impulse heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B3/00—Packaging plastic material, semiliquids, liquids or mixed solids and liquids, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B3/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/38—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more wrappers disposed one inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/52—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7433—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
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  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electronic Circuits (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Description

多晶矽之包裝
本發明係關於多晶矽，特別是塊狀多晶矽(chunk polycrystalline silicon，chunk polysilicon)的包裝。
例如，利用西門子法(Siemens process)由三氯矽烷沉積出多晶矽，且接著粉碎(communite)多晶矽，理想上無污染(contamination)。EP 1 645 333 A1中描述了一種用於自動壓碎的方法以及一種相對應的設備。
對於在半導體及太陽能產業中的應用而言，所欲為具有最少污染的塊狀多晶矽。因此，在將材料運送給客戶之前，亦應以低污染進行包裝。
通常，將用於電子產業的塊狀多晶矽包裝在具有重量容差為+/-F 50公克的5公斤袋子中。對於太陽能產業而言，習慣上塊狀多晶矽係位於具有重量容差為最大+/-100公克且含有10公斤之重量的袋子中。
原則上，適合用於包裝塊狀矽的管狀袋機(tubular bag machines)可以商業購得。例如，在DE 36 40 520 A1中，描述了一種相對應的包裝機。
塊狀多晶矽係一種邊緣鋒利、非自由流動、且具有 單一矽塊高達2500公克之重量的散裝材料(bulk material)。因此，在包裝過程中，必須確保在填充過程中該材料不穿透慣用塑膠袋，或在最壞的情況下甚至完全毀壞慣用塑膠袋。為了防止這種情況，對於包裝多晶矽的目的，商用包裝機必須被適當地改良。
使用商用包裝機，由於通常使用複合膜，因為化學添加物，可能導致塊狀多晶矽的污染增加，一般而言不可能符合對塊狀多晶矽所定之純度的要求。
來自EP 1 334 907 B1係一種用於有成本效益(cost-effective)的且全自動輸送、稱重、分份(portioning)、填充以及包裝高純度多晶矽碎塊(fragment)的設備，包含用於多晶矽碎塊的輸送通道；與料斗(hopper)連接的多晶矽碎塊之稱重裝置；由矽製成的偏轉板(deflection plate)；由高純度塑膠膜形成塑膠袋的填充裝置，包含防止靜電充電並因此防止塑膠膜被顆粒污染的去離子器(deionizer)；用於填充有多晶矽碎塊之塑膠袋的熔接裝置(welding device)；安裝在輸送通道、稱重裝置、填充裝置以及熔接裝置上方而防止多晶矽碎塊被顆粒污染的流料箱(flowbox)；輸送帶，具有磁感應檢測器(magnetically inductive detector)用於填充有多晶矽碎塊之經熔接的塑膠袋，其中所有與多晶矽碎塊接觸的元件均被矽覆蓋或以高耐磨塑膠所包覆。
DE 10 2007 027 110 A1描述了一種用於包裝多晶矽的方法，包含藉由填充裝置將多晶矽填充到一自由懸掛(freely suspended)且完全成形的袋子中，然後將由此填充的袋子閉合， 其中該袋子係由壁厚度為10至1000微米的高純度塑膠所構成。較佳地，填充有多晶矽之經閉合的塑膠袋被引入一具有壁厚度為10至1000微米的其他聚乙烯塑膠袋中，並閉合該第二塑膠袋。在此，第一袋係因此被插入第二袋中(雙層袋)。
原則上，有二種形式的袋子，即扁平袋(flat bag)以及自立袋(free-standing bag)。
利用擠出機(extruder)能夠獲得管狀膜(tubular film)。根據螺旋輸送器(screw conveyor)的工作原理，已知作為輸送單位的擠出機在高壓及高溫下，從成型孔(shaping orifice)將固體均勻地壓製成黏性且可擠出的材料。該處理稱為擠出(extrusion)。已知熱塑性聚合物，如聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯為可擠出的材料。
可從由此獲得的管狀膜製備袋子，藉由密封以及隨後從管狀膜分割。還能夠以現成形式商業購得該袋子。
經驗顯示，填充有塊狀多晶矽之由商用聚乙烯膜製得且具有不明確的特性的袋子，在運輸過程中被毀壞。鋒利邊緣的塊狀矽造成毀壞(damage)，例如以刺穿以及撕開熔接縫(welded seam)的形式。
該問題引起了本發明的目的。
藉由一種袋子完成本發明的目的，該袋子含有多晶矽且被熔接並包括至少一個熔接縫，該袋子係由一聚乙烯(PE) 膜所形成，該膜具有150至900微米的厚度；具有抗彎模數(flexural modulus)Fmax 為300至2000毫牛頓(mN)且Ft 為100至1300毫牛頓的剛性；具有藉由動態穿透測試(dynamic penetration testing)所測定的斷裂力F為200至1500牛頓、斷裂能量Ws為2至30焦耳以及穿透能量Wtot 為2.2至30焦耳；具有在15%之縱向及橫向伸長下的膜抗拉應力(film tensile stress)為9至50兆帕(MPa)；具有艾門朵夫(Elmendorf)縱向膜抗撕裂強度(film tear resistance)為10至60厘牛頓(cN)以及艾門朵夫橫向膜抗撕裂強度為18至60厘牛頓；具有在破壞(break)時縱向膜伸長為300%至2000%；具有在破壞時橫向膜伸長率為450至3000%；並且具有熔接縫強度為25至150牛頓/15毫米。
還可藉由一種將多晶矽填充到一塑膠袋中且熔接該 袋子而將多晶矽包裝到該袋子中的方法來闡明本發明，該方法包含利用熔接虎鉗(welding jaw)以大於0.01牛頓/平方毫米的接觸壓力藉由脈衝密封(pulse sealing)來進行該熔接，從而產生一具有25至150牛頓/15毫米之熔接縫強度的熔接縫。
多晶矽較佳包含在西門子反應器(Siemens reactor)中沉積多晶矽以及隨後粉碎經沉積的多晶矽棒之後所存在的多晶矽塊狀物。若適當，在包裝之前使該等塊狀物受到化學清洗操作，以使塊狀物表面無例如來自金屬的污染。
該多晶矽亦可包含棒或者棒件(rod pieces)。藉由分割(例如鋸切)一在西門子反應器中沉積的多晶矽棒可獲得棒件。然而，相較於鋒利邊緣的塊狀物的情況，棒或棒件對袋子的運輸毀壞的問題較不顯著。
較佳地，利用擠出機由一管狀聚乙烯膜生產袋子並進行密封。較佳地，在利用脈衝密封將多晶矽填充到袋子之前，袋子已被密封。
較佳為溫度調控(temperature-regulated)的脈衝密封。在該情況下，在各密封操作中，密封溫度係經調控以確保可重現的密封結果以及均一的密封品質，尤其是在具有高頻率的延長操作中。透過密封線(seal wire)的電阻測量而非感測器，對每個密封操作中的密封溫度進行檢測並相應地調控。
密封係給予袋子側向的密封縫(seal seam)。
在管狀袋的生產中，使用成型管(shaping tube)或者成型凸肩(shaping shoulder)。在該情況下，使用成型凸肩使膜在運行方向上被塑型成管。根據所欲的袋子形狀，可使用圓形或者角形規格的管。根據所使用的膜材料，可以突出的密封縫或者扁平的密封縫之形式實行縱向的密封縫。管狀袋的水平底部及頂部的密封縫係在水平密封臺(horizontal sealing station)中製作，一用於分割或切割管狀袋的設備亦被整合至其中。縱向密封縫較佳係利用相對於彼此可移動的橫向虎鉗(transverse jaws)所產生。
在生產扁平袋的情況下，將膜材料的內部放置在另 一個的頂部，並透過密封使膜材料得到其形狀及所欲尺寸。可以三邊密封或於下側有一額外密封縫的四邊密封之形式實行密封。
為了生產及填充袋子，可以使用水平袋機(horizontal bag machines)或者垂直管狀袋機(vertical tubular bag machines)。
經填充有多晶矽的聚乙烯袋子的熔接係較佳以熱密封熔接裝置來實現，其中金屬熔接線係以一非金屬材料，例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)，所覆蓋。
在生產袋子過程中以及以塊狀多晶矽填充之後的熔接可藉由時間控制的脈衝密封或時間控制且溫度調控的脈衝密封而實現。
如果使用二條熔接線(熔接線及分隔線)，能夠去除過量的膜殘餘物(film residue)。
應調整擠出機的參數，使得藉由處理由管狀膜所生產的袋子的開口不因阻斷(blocking)而變得複雜。更具體而言，在管離開擠出機之後將管冷卻。
為了達到熔接縫強度為+/-15%的分散寬度(scatter breadth)，時間控制的脈衝密封是不夠的。在該情況下，時間控制且溫度調節的脈衝密封是必要的。
藉由熔接虎鉗加到熔接部位上的接觸壓力必須大於0.01牛頓/平方毫米。
在填充之前，過度封閉的袋子可能難以打開，使得生產率顯著下降。
較佳地，在熔接之前，從袋子中抽出空氣，直到含有一少量空氣的扁平袋出現。
在包裝之前，首先對多晶矽分份及稱量。塊狀多晶矽的分份及稱量可利用一發明的計量單元而實現。
理想上，內袋係由具有厚度為100至500微米的聚合物膜構成。
所使用的聚合物較佳為低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)、線性低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)或高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的單膜(monofilm)。同樣可以使用來自吹製膜(blown film)擠出或澆鑄處理(casting process)的多層膜。
內袋在頂部、底部以及縱向密封處提供有單一、雙重、或三重熔接縫。
成型機(shaper)的耐磨塗層可以防止袋子內部的污染。
為了如同往常將矽包裝到二個袋子中，需要第二個包裝單元。
根據本發明，使用第二個袋子的包裝係在上述的包裝單元中實現，但現在以水平安裝。
第二塑膠袋係經成型，同時藉由輸送通道或其他合適的運輸單元將包含多晶矽且經閉合的第一個塑膠袋水平引入第二塑膠袋中。隨後，閉合第二塑膠袋。
水平包裝能夠防止被較大矽塊磨損及穿透，如在垂 直包裝機的情況下經常觀察到的。
利用管狀預成形機(tubular preformers)或空氣注入(air injection)或膜延展機(film spreaders)，或者較佳地，透過其組合，可達到袋子的無褶皺(fold-free)成型。
亦可能使用致動的塑膠輪(actuated plastic wheels)或著金屬夾片(metal clips)替代膜延展機。
經成型且經縱向密封及經水平配置的管狀膜較佳係利用配置在底部及頂部的成型管被壓成扁平。
在填充塑膠袋後，較佳係利用二個成型虎鉗熔接。
閉合裝置/閉合臺(closure station)較佳為熔接設備，更佳為基於一經加熱之熔接線的熱密封熔接設備，該熔接線係較佳以非金屬材料，例如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)，覆蓋。
已經發現，在沒有上述手段時，在較大矽塊(50至130毫米)的情況下無褶皺的橫向密封係不可能的。
或者，無褶皺熔接縫亦可藉由降低在橫向熔接虎鉗下游的運輸帶或運輸裝置而達到。
為此目的，在閉合橫向熔接虎鉗前不久，輸送帶必須降低至一定程度使得內袋能夠在外袋內滑動，直至熔接縫已被產生。
其結果為，將管狀膜拉到熔接虎鉗的邊緣之上且無褶皺的熔接縫出現。
此外，憑藉內袋的限定位置，外袋亦可變得短於上 述變形中。
同樣，外袋較佳係由來自平板片(flat sheet)製造的上述聚合物膜中的一者組成。
該聚合物膜係利用第二包裝機成型且同樣以單一、雙重、或三重熔接縫密封。一握孔(grip hole)亦可以擊穿過熔接縫，以便於從包裝機中移除。
包裝機亦可裝配有用於一對稱的鰭片縫(fin seam)的自動調節或膜的重合對準(coincident alignment)。
產品標籤可被施加在內袋及外袋上。
標籤可以條碼或資料矩陣碼印製。
同樣可以使用無線射頻識別標號(RFID)。
外袋可以無褶皺方式來熔接，該方式係提高操作可靠性。
抗彎模數的剛性(stiffness)被測定為DIN 53121。抗彎模數係指在彎曲測試(bending test)中所獲得的應力一應變圖中，在彈性限度內的最大纖維應力與最大應變的比率。可替代的術語是彈性抗彎模數(flexural modulus of elasticity)。剛性係一塑膠耐彎曲的量度。其包括塑性特徵及彈性特徵，且因此對彈性模數而言，相較於真值，更像是一表觀值(apparent value)。(ASTM D-747)
動態穿透測試係依DIN 53373實現。使用電子資料記錄衝擊穿透測試；塑膠膜之測試。
膜撕裂強度(film tear strength)以及在破壞時膜伸 長(film elongation at break)的測定係依DIN EN ISO-527-3實現：塑膠一拉伸特性的測定。
在15%伸長下的膜抗拉應力的測定係依DIN EN ISO-527-3實現。
根據艾門朵夫(DIN EN 21974)實現膜抗撕裂強度 的測定。根據ASTM D 1922/DIN EN ISO 6383-2來測定膜的撕裂傳播(tear propagation)及破裂(rupture)特徵、以及艾門朵夫抗破裂性。
熔接縫強度係依DIN 55543-3測定，測定布袋(sack) 及袋子(bag)的縱向縫的強度。
實施例
比較例1-在具有下列膜特性的扁平聚乙烯袋中包裝： 膜厚度：100微米
抗彎模數的剛性：Fmax =100毫牛頓；Ft =50毫牛頓
動態穿透測試：
斷裂力F=100牛頓
斷裂能量Ws=1焦耳
穿透能量Wtot =1焦耳
在15%伸長下縱向膜抗拉應力=6兆帕
在15%伸長下橫向膜抗拉應力=5兆帕
艾門朵夫縱向膜抗撕裂強度=5厘牛頓
艾門朵夫橫向膜抗撕裂強度=5厘牛頓
在破壞時縱向膜伸長=100%
在破壞時橫向膜伸長=150%
該聚乙烯膜係用於生產60個聚乙烯袋，聚乙烯袋中填充有具有60至150毫米之邊緣長度且塊尺寸為4的5公斤塊狀多晶矽。
藉由時間控制且溫度調節的脈衝密封實現熔接：
溫度：200度
密封時間：2秒
透過熔接虎鉗的接觸壓力：0.01牛頓/平方毫米
平均熔接縫強度=20牛頓/15毫米
每6個袋子引入到一個紙板箱內。將10個紙板箱在卡車上行駛2000公里通過德國。
在運輸之後，目測檢查袋子是否有損壞的熔接縫，並且在水浸法(water dip method)的幫助下，目測檢查袋子是否穿孔。
水浸法意味著將充滿空氣的空袋子浸入到充滿水的水盆中。藉由上升的氣泡可立即識別出聚乙烯袋中的滲漏。
在運輸過程中，20%的熔接縫開放。
在運輸之後，50%的袋子不再防漏。
實施例1-包裝到具有下列膜特性的扁平聚乙烯袋 中： 膜厚度：300微米
抗彎模度的剛性：Fmax =500毫牛頓；Ft =200毫牛頓
動態穿透測試：斷裂力F=300牛頓
斷裂能量Ws=4焦耳
穿透能量Wtot =4.5焦耳
在15%伸長下縱向膜抗拉應力=12兆帕
在15%伸長下橫向膜抗拉應力=13兆帕
艾門朵夫縱向膜抗撕裂強度=15厘牛頓
艾門朵夫橫向膜抗撕裂強度=25厘牛頓
在破壞時縱向膜伸長=500%
在破壞時橫向膜伸長=700%
該聚乙烯膜係用於生產60個聚乙烯袋，聚乙烯袋填充有具有60至150毫米之邊緣長度且塊尺寸為4的5公斤塊狀多晶矽。
藉由時間控制且溫度調節的脈衝密封實現熔接：溫度：240度
密封時間：4秒
透過熔接鉗的接觸壓力：0.02牛頓/平方毫米
平均熔接縫強度=45牛頓/15毫米
60個聚乙烯袋子的熔接縫強度具有相對於平均值+ /-15%的分散。
每6個袋子引入到一個紙板箱內。將10個紙板箱在卡車上行駛2000公里通過德國。
在運輸之後，目測檢查袋子是否有損壞的熔接縫，並且在水浸法的幫助下，目測檢查袋子是否穿孔。
在運輸過程中，0%的熔接縫開放。
在運輸之後，0%的袋子不再防漏。
實施例2-包裝到具有下列膜特性的扁平聚乙烯袋中： 膜厚度：300微米
抗彎模量的剛性：Fmax =500毫牛頓；Ft =200毫牛頓
動態穿透測試：
斷裂力F=300牛頓
斷裂能量Ws=4焦耳
穿透能量Wtot =4.5焦耳
在15%伸長下縱向膜抗拉應力=12兆帕
在15%伸長下橫向膜抗拉應力=13兆帕
艾門朵夫縱向膜抗撕裂強度=15厘牛頓
艾門朵夫橫向膜抗撕裂強度=25厘牛頓
在破壞時縱向膜伸長=500%
在破壞時橫向膜伸長=700%
聚乙烯膜係用於生產60個聚乙烯袋，聚乙烯袋填充 有具有60至150毫米之邊緣長度且塊尺寸為4的5公斤塊狀多晶矽。
藉由時間控制的脈衝密封，無須溫度調節實現熔接：密封時間：4秒
透過熔接鉗的接觸壓力：0.02牛頓/平方毫米。
熔接縫強度=45牛頓/15毫米
60個聚乙烯袋子的熔接縫強度具有相對於平均值+/-30%的分散。
每6個袋子引入到一個紙板箱內。將10個紙板箱在卡車上行駛2000公里通過德國。
在運輸之後，目測檢查袋子是否有損壞的熔接縫，並且在水浸法的幫助下，目測檢查袋子穿孔。
在運輸過程中，5%的熔接縫開放。
在運輸之後，25%的袋子不再防漏。
與比較例相比較，實施例1及2顯示出明顯改進。該等改進歸因於膜特性的改變以及熔接縫強度的改變。
實施例1顯示出溫度調節的脈衝密封的優點。即便在運輸之後其可以提供塊狀多晶矽之袋子，顯示出沒有任何滲漏或熔接縫之破口。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種將多晶矽包裝到一由厚度為150至900微米之聚乙烯(PE)膜所製得之塑膠袋中的方法，該方法包含生產該袋子，將多晶矽填充到該袋子中且熔接該袋子，其中該熔接係利用熔接虎鉗(welding jaw)以大於0.01牛頓/平方毫米的接觸壓力藉由脈衝密封(pulse sealing)來進行，從而產生一具有25至150牛頓/15毫米之熔接縫強度的熔接縫。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該袋子係利用一擠出機(extruder)由一管狀聚乙烯(PE)膜所生產，並利用脈衝密封來密封以在將多晶矽填充到該袋子中之前給予該袋子側向的密封縫。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在將多晶矽填充到該袋子中之前袋子的密封以及在將多晶矽填充到該袋子之後，袋子的熔接係藉由溫度調控的脈衝密封來完成，其中在各密封操作中，透過密封線(seal wire)的電阻測量以對密封溫度進行檢測並調控而未透過感測器，從而確保可重現的密封結果以及均一的密封品質，尤其是在具有高頻率的延長操作中。
  4. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中該經填充有多晶矽的聚乙烯(PE)袋子的熔接係以一熱密封熔接裝置來實現，其中金屬熔接線係以一非金屬材料覆蓋。
  5. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在熔接之前，從袋子中抽出空氣，直到含有一少量空氣的扁平袋出現。
  6. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在包裝之前，首先對多晶矽分份及稱重。
  7. 如請求項1或2之方法，更包含利用管狀預成形機(tubular preformers)或空氣注入(air injection)或膜延展機(film spreaders)或透過其組合由一聚乙烯(PE)膜無褶皺成型(fold-free shaping)一第二塑膠袋，並藉由運輸單元將包含一多晶矽且經閉合的第一聚乙烯(PE)袋水平引入該第二塑膠袋中，以及利用二個熔接虎鉗來熔接該第二塑膠袋。
  8. 如請求項7之方法，其中該運輸單元為一輸送通道。
  9. 如請求項8之方法，其中該運輸單元係降低至一程度使得該第一袋能夠在該第二袋內滑動，直至熔接縫已被產生，致使該管狀膜被拉到熔接虎鉗的邊緣之上且無褶皺(fold-free)的熔接縫出現。
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EP2740687B1 (de) 2017-01-11
CN103848071A (zh) 2014-06-11
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ES2621730T3 (es) 2017-07-05
TW201422493A (zh) 2014-06-16
JP2014108829A (ja) 2014-06-12
US20140151259A1 (en) 2014-06-05
US9725212B2 (en) 2017-08-08
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MY168279A (en) 2018-10-19
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