TWI440370B - 通信網路中用於改善資料量之系統及方法 - Google Patents

通信網路中用於改善資料量之系統及方法 Download PDF

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TWI440370B
TWI440370B TW094138837A TW94138837A TWI440370B TW I440370 B TWI440370 B TW I440370B TW 094138837 A TW094138837 A TW 094138837A TW 94138837 A TW94138837 A TW 94138837A TW I440370 B TWI440370 B TW I440370B
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packet
multicast
access point
station
unicast
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TW200637387A (en
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William S Kish
John Chanak
Charles A Fram
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Ruckus Wireless Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6405—Multicasting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6408—Unicasting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H04W28/22—Negotiating communication rate

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)

Description

通信網路中用於改善資料量之系統及方法
本發明大體而言係關於通信網路，且更特定言之係關於通信網路中用於增加資料量之系統及方法。
對包括音訊及視訊資料之多媒體應用之需求日益迅速增長。多媒體之某些較普及之使用為即時的交互式應用，諸如視訊及音訊流、網際網路協定TV(IPTV)、向遠端聽眾傳輸演講或演說及動畫模擬。即使當使用資料壓縮時，多媒體應用也要求大量頻寬。
在IEEE 802.11無線區域網路(LAN)中，廣播或多點播送封包傳輸使超頻寬之多媒體應用能夠同步地向與一無線LAN群關聯之每一接收節點傳輸音訊及視訊資料封包。向該無線LAN之全部接收節點傳輸廣播封包，而向該無線LAN之接收節點中之兩個或兩個以上(但是少於全部)傳輸多點播送封包。
在該無線LAN中，一源節點可向一具有多點播送功能之接取點傳輸(例如，經由乙太網路)多點播送封包，且該接取點經由無線傳輸向已將其自身識別為該多點播送群之部分的目的地接收節點發送該多點播送封包。
無線LAN之接取點亦可支援單點播送封包傳輸。對於無線LAN中之單點播送傳輸而言，該接取點向由一包括於該等單點播送封包中之所要之目的地位址識別之接收節點傳輸一或多個單點播送封包。在接收該單點播送封包之後，該接收節點向該接取點傳輸回(大約9 μs之後)一802.11確認(ACK)封包。該802.11 ACK機制藉由向該接取點確認已接收到該單點播送封包來在典型之高干擾802.11無線網路中提供可靠之資料傳輸。
在無線LAN中傳輸多點播送封包之一侷限為該802.11 ACK不提供一用以確保該等接收節點實際上接收到該等多點播送封包之可靠之機制。舉例而言，若該802.11接取點將向許多接收節點傳輸一或多個多點播送封包，且該等接收節點中之每一者將基本上同步地用802.11 ACK封包作出回應，則在多個同步之802.11 ACK週期期間由該接取點接收之該等多個ACK封包將包含"雜訊"。對於該接取點而言，該等多個同步之802.11 ACK係不可解譯的。此情況可稱為"多ACK問題"。
傳輸多點播送封包之另一侷限為無線LAN可能受限於用於多點播送封包之頻寬。因為該多ACK問題，所以用於多點播送之IEEE 802.11規範指示多點播送封包之傳輸以一最小許可之實體資料速率而發生。因為接收節點可距傳輸源不同距離，且可遭遇不同干擾水平，所以以最小許可之實體資料速率傳輸改善由每一接收節點接收多點播送封包之可能性。舉例而言，一802.11接取點以用於802.11b之1 Mbps及用於802.11a之6 Mbps的最小許可之實體資料速率來傳輸多點播送封包。該等接收節點不傳輸802.11 ACK封包以證實對多點播送封包之接收。因此，若無該802.11 ACK機制，則不存在對接收多點播送封包之證實。
此外，以該最小許可之實體資料速率傳輸不能充分利用無線LAN中之可用頻寬，否則該可用頻寬能夠支援更高之資料速率。此外，以該最小許可之實體資料速率傳輸可使得無線LAN不適宜於要求高速率通信之應用，諸如多媒體應用。
本發明藉由提供通信網路中用於改善資料量之系統及方法來解決上述問題。一實施例之通信網路之一接取點接收來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包。該接取點將該多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一定址至一與該接取點關聯之站之單點播送封包。該接取點接著經由通信網路自該接取點向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。藉由將多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包，該接取點藉由以一資料速率發送該單點播送封包來實現在通信網路中改善資料量，該資料速率比否則將可能向該站傳輸多點播送或廣播封包之資料速率更高。此外，該單點播送封包為通信網路中多點播送或廣播封包中之資料之可靠傳遞作準備，在該等通信網路中確認單點播送封包。
在某些實施例中，該通信網路包含一802.11無線網路。接取點可自與該接取點關聯之一或多個站之一列表判定該站。該接取點可判定一最小資料速率，該接取點可藉由該最小資料速率來向該站傳輸多點播送或廣播封包，且判定一用以向該站傳輸單點播送封包之有效單點播送速率。若該有效單點播送速率不超過該最小資料速率，則該接取點接著可不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包而可向該站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
該接取點亦可判定一天線組態，在該天線組態上向該站進行傳輸；且判定一實體資料速率，以該實體資料速率向該站進行傳輸。接取點接著可在該天線組態上並以該實體資料速率經由無線網路自該接取點向該站傳輸單點播送封包。在又進一步實施例中，該接取點判定該站充當該源且不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。接取點可詢問該站以判定該站之一位址且可將多點播送或廣播封包之一位址映射至該站之該位址。該接取點亦可基於一自該站傳輸至該源之接合請求來將該站關聯至多點播送或廣播封包之一位址。
提供一包含將一來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包接收至一接取點中並將該多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一定址至與該接取點關聯之站之單點播送封包的方法。該方法亦包括經由通信網路自接取點向該站傳輸單點播送封包。該多點播送或廣播封包可包含一使用者資料片協定(UDP)網路訊息。該多點播送或廣播封包亦可包含一多點播送控制封包。
一替代方法包含將一來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中；判定一第一速率，該接取點可藉由該第一速率向一與該接取點關聯之第一站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；判定一第二速率，該接取點可藉由該第二速率向一與該接取點關聯之第二站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；且以該第一速率及該第二速率中之較低者向該第一站及該第二站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。有利地，該接取點可判定一比指定用於該通信網路之一最小實體資料速率更高之資料速率，該接取點可以該更高之資料速率向該第一站及該第二站傳輸多點播送或廣播封包。
在一實施例中，用於向通信網路之一第二節點傳輸之通信網路之一第一節點經組態以判定一用於傳輸多點播送或廣播封包之第一速率。該第一節點亦判定一第二速率，該第二速率用於向該第二節點傳輸由將多點播送或廣播封包轉換成該或該等單點播送封包所產生之一或多個單點播送封包。若該第二資料速率超過該第一資料速率，則該第一節點接著向該第二節點傳輸一或多個單點播送封包，否則向該第二節點傳輸多點播送或廣播封包。
有利地，在適當的時候，該第一節點將該多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包並以一比指定用於多點播送或廣播傳輸之該最小實體資料速率更高之資料速率來向該第二節點按序地傳輸該或該等單點播送封包。該第一節點可包含一具有多點播送功能之接取點。在某些實施例中，該第一節點判定一第三速率，第一節點可藉由該第三速率向通信網路之一第三節點傳輸多點播送或廣播封包；且經由該通信網路以該第一速率及第三速率中之較低者向該第二節點及該第三節點傳輸多點播送或廣播封包。
因此，該等系統及方法可藉由將多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包並服務來自該站之相應確認封包來提供經由無線LAN之對多點播送或廣播封包的可靠傳輸。一另外之優點為該等系統及方法可判定不轉換多點播送或廣播封包，且可經由無線LAN以一比該站可可靠地接收之最小實體資料速率更高之資料速率來傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
本文中所揭示之系統及方法使得通信網路中之資料量大於先前技術中所提供之資料量。舉例而言，本文中所揭示之該等系統及方法支援經由無線LAN之超頻寬之多媒體應用。在本揭示案中，通信網路之節點可稱為一主機、一源、一目的地、一節點、一接收節點、一接取點及一站。由於應瞭解本發明決不僅限於所說明之實施例，故不應在一限定性意義上考慮該等參考。舉例而言，"接收節點"決不僅限於接收功能。此外，術語封包群包括一多點播送封包、一廣播封包及其之目的地位址指示通信網路之一或多個位址及/或節點的任何封包。
根據一實施例，一無線區域網路(LAN)包含一接取點，該接取點經組態以接收來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包。該多點播送或廣播封包係定址至一包含通信網路之一或多個節點(例如，與該無線LAN之該接取點關聯之站)之群。該接取點判定是否將多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包以供向一或多個節點按序地傳輸，或是否向該群傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。若該接取點傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包而不進行轉換，則接取點可基於用於向一或多個節點傳輸多點播送或廣播封包之資料速率來判定一最小公分母資料速率，且以該最小公分母速率向該群傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
圖1說明根據本發明之一實施例一用於在一無線區域網路中進行多點播送封包傳輸之系統100的方塊圖。該系統100包含一源節點110、一網路鏈路115、一接取點120、接收節點130、140及150、無線鏈路135、145及155及一包含該等接收節點中之兩者或兩者以上(例如，接收節點130及140)的群160。該源節點110經組態以經由該網路鏈路115來與該接取點120通信。該接取點120經組態以經由形成該無線LAN之該等無線鏈路135至155來與該等接收節點130至150通信。
該源節點110為能夠經由網路鏈路115與接取點120進行包括單點播送或多點播送封包傳輸之網路通信的任何裝置。該源節點110可包含(例如)一個人電腦、一伺服器、一網路附接儲存裝置或一網路視訊分配裝置。源節點110可支援諸如傳輸控制協定/網際網路協定(TCP/IP)、使用者資料片協定(UDP/IP)及/或網際網路組管理協定(IGMP)之網路協定，且可支援網路資料之單點播送、多點播送及/或廣播封包傳輸。
該源節點110經組態以經由網路鏈路115傳輸定址至群160之一或多個封包群(例如，一或多個多點播送或廣播封包)。該網路鏈路115可為一有線或無線網路鏈路。在一實施例中，該網路鏈路115包含一UDP/IP連接。在一實例中，該源節點110包含一傳輸多點播送封包之IPTV視訊伺服器(未顯示)，經由接取點120向該群160提供一遠端視訊流。儘管關於多點播送傳輸來進行論述，但是該封包群可包含一封包，該封包之目的地位址指定該等接收節點130至150中之全部節點(意即，廣播)或少於全部節點(意即，多點播送)。
接收節點130至150每一者包含能夠經由無線鏈路135至155藉由接取點120來接收來自源節點110之網路通信之任何裝置。該等接收節點130至150可包含諸如個人電腦、PDA、行動電話及/或具有網際網路功能之電視之裝置。在一實例中，該群160之接收節點130至140可包含TV視訊轉換器，該等TV視訊轉換器經組態以接收一由IPTV伺服器於源節點110處提供至群160之視訊流。儘管被描述為源節點110及接收節點130至150，但是應注意該源節點110亦可為一資料封包之目的地節點而該等接收節點130至150亦可為一資料封包之源節點。
如本文中進一步描述，該接取點120經組態以將視訊流作為一多點播送封包而同步地傳輸至接收節點130及接收節點140，或將其作為一或多個單點播送封包而按序地傳輸至該等接收節點130及140中之每一者。該接取點120實質上為能夠充當一無線LAN中點對點連接中之橋或充當一網路鏈路115與無線鏈路135至155之間之橋的任何裝置。如關於圖2所進一步論述，該接取點120可經組態以將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包。該接取點120可包含一處理器、一記憶體及提供或輔助提供該橋及/或該多點播送封包轉換之額外電路。接取點120可使用IEEE 802.11協定(諸如802.11a或802.11b)來與接收節點130至150通信。將瞭解該接取點120可併入有諸如802.11g、802.16或藍芽之其它無線協定。
該接取點120可支援多點播送控制協定(諸如IGMP)，且可經組態為一具有多點播送功能之路由器。一多點播送控制協定使接取點120能夠自該等接收節點(例如，接收節點130至150)判定該接收節點130至150與哪一(幾)群(例如，群160)關聯。多點播送控制協定之某些實例為IGMP、協定獨立式多點播送(PIM)、即時串流協定(RTSP)、多協定邊界閘道器協定(MBGP)、多點播送源尋找協定(MSDP)、簡單服務尋找協定(SSDP)及源特定多點播送(SSM)。舉例而言，該接收節點130可向接取點120發送一多點播送控制協定封包以改變用於一接收自源節點110之IPTV多點播送流之通道。該多點播送控制協定封包通知接取點120該接收節點130關注於接收用於選定之通道之封包群。
某些實施例之接取點120進一步經組態以維護關於"關聯之節點"之資訊。關聯之節點為已與該接取點120協商一無線通信鏈路(例如，無線鏈路135)之裝置。舉例而言，當該接收節點130最初與接取點120關聯以協商該無線鏈路135時，接收節點130提供唯一地識別該接收節點130之一媒體接取控制(MAC)或硬體位址。該接收節點130亦可提供許可之實體資料速率(例如，1 Mbps至54 Mbps)之一列表，其可以此速率與接取點120通信。舉例而言，該接取點120可將此關於關聯之節點之資訊儲存於記憶體中。
如本文中進一步描述，因為一實施例之接取點120經組態以將定址至群160之多點播送封包轉換成定址至接收節點130至140之一或多個單點播送封包，所以該系統100於無線LAN中改善多點播送資料量。該接取點120可以一比用於802.11多點播送傳輸之最小資料速率更高之資料速率來向接收節點130至140按序地傳輸一或多個單點播送封包。此外，因為該接取點120將能夠服務由接收節點130至140產生之802.11 ACK封包，所以此實施例之該接取點120確保對所轉換之多點播送封包之可靠傳輸。在某些實施例中，該接取點120可判定不將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包，而改為可以一比該用於802.11多點播送封包傳輸之最小許可之實體資料速率相對更高之資料速率來向群160之接收節點傳輸多點播送封包。
圖2說明根據本發明之一實施例一用於在圖1之無線區域網路中進行多點播送或單點播送傳輸之例示性方法。將該例示性方法之步驟描述為以特定次序發生，但是將瞭解可重新排列某些步驟以提供一相似結果。該方法判定是否將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包，或是否傳輸該多點播送封包。該方法亦判定以何速率傳輸該多點播送封包及該或該等單點播送封包。該方法以已與接收節點130至150關聯之該接取點120開始。
在步驟205中，該接取點120接收來自第一接收節點(例如，接收節點130)之含有接收節點130之一第一位址的一第一接合請求(例如，一諸如一IGMP接合請求之多點播送控制協定封包)。接取點120使用該接合請求來使該接收節點130與群160之位址相互關聯。在IGMP中，多點播送用戶(例如，接收節點130)接合一多點播送群(例如，群160)以致能對一多點播送訊務流之群組式接收。當接取點120接收來自接收節點130之IGMP接合請求時，該接取點120檢查該IGMP封包並判定所要求之接合資訊。
在此實施例中，該接取點120自身並不使用IGMP協定。無論如何，該系統100利用該自接收節點130至140至源節點110之IGMP接合請求穿過接取點120之事實。該接取點120"吸入"或取樣該等IGMP接合請求以將接收節點130及140之硬體(MAC)位址與群160之位址映射。在某些實施例中，該接取點120"說出"該IGMP協定。接取點120可將該等接收節點130及140之IP位址(代替MAC位址)映射至群160之該位址。
在選擇吸入或說出來自接收節點130至150之IGMP或其它控制協定過程中，該接取點120可維護一映射，該映射含有與接取點120關聯之接收節點130至150中之全部或一子集之硬體位址。該接取點120可使用該映射來詢問接收節點130至150以判定該等接收節點130至150的哪些節點關注於接收定址至群160之多點播送訊務。MAC位址或IP位址之該等映射允許接取點120將接收自源節點110並定址至群160之多點播送封包轉換成定址至群160之接收節點130至140之一或多個單點播送封包。
在步驟210中，該接取點120將來自IGMP封包之接收節點130之第一位址映射至該群160之位址。在步驟215中，該接取點120接收一來自一第二接收節點(例如，接收節點140)之第二接合請求(例如，一第二IGMP接合請求)。在步驟220中，該接取點120將該接收節點140之一第二位址映射至該群160之位址。
在步驟225中，該接取點120接收定址至群160之該多點播送封包。在步驟230中，該接取點120判定一第一資料速率(例如，54 Mbps)，接取點120可藉由該第一資料速率來向接收節點130可靠地傳輸(例如，包括802.11 ACK機制)一或多個軍點播送封包。在步驟235中，該接取點120判定一第二資料速率(例如，24 Mbps)，該接取點120可藉由該第二資料速率來向接收節點140可靠地傳輸一或多個單點播送封包。儘管未描繪，但是在某些實施例中，該接取點120可判定額外之(例如，一第三或更多)資料速率，該接取點120可藉由該額外之資料速率來向一第三接收節點(例如，將為群160之部份的接收節點150)可靠地傳輸一或多個單點播送封包。
在步驟240中，該接取點120判定一有效單點播送速率。如關於圖3進一步論述，該有效單點播送速率對應於一組合速率，該組合速率用於將該多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包並以第一及第二(及第三…)資料速率來向群160之接收節點130及140發送一或多個單點播送封包。該有效單點播送速率取決於包括於該等單點播送封包中之總數量，包括額外之資料封包額外負擔(例如，與多點播送封包相比之單點播送封包中之額外之位元)。該有效單點播送速率亦取決於與將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包關聯之計算時間。該有效單點播送速率係進一步基於用於接收並處理來自群160之接收節點之ACK封包之持續時間。此外，因為群160中之每一額外之接收節點按比例降低該有效單點播送速率，所以該有效單點播送速率係基於群160中之接收節點之數量。在名為"System and Method for Transmission Parameter Control for an Antenna Apparatus with Selectable Elements"之同在申請中之美國專利申請案中提出一用於判定該有效單點播送速率之方法，該申請案之主旨以引用方式併入本文中。
勝於將多點播送封包轉換成單點播送封包，如進一步描述，該接取點可以一"最小公分母速率"向群160進行傳輸。舉例而言，尤其地藉由群160中之大量接收節點每一者以一相對高的速率進行接收，該最小公分母速率可高於該有效單點播送速率。舉例而言，該群160可包含接收節點130、140及150。該接收節點130可以一54 Mbps之實體資料速率來接收封包，該接收節點140可以一54 Mbps之實體資料速率來接收封包，且該接收節點150可以一54 Mbps之實體資料速率來接收封包。此實例之該最小公分母速率為54 Mbps，其可高於有效單點播送速率。在步驟245中，該接取點120判定用於向群160之接收節點同步地傳輸多點播送封包之最小公分母速率(LCDR)。
在步驟250至295中，該接取點120判定傳輸單點播送封包還是多點播送封包，及以何速率來傳輸該等單點播送或多點播送封包。具體言之，在步驟250至275中，該接取點120可判定以將多點播送封包轉換成定址至接收節點130之一或多個第一單點播送封包及定址至接收節點140之一或多個第二單點播送封包以供傳輸。或者，在步驟285至295中，該接取點120可判定以向群160之接收節點130至140同步地傳輸該多點播送封包且不將該多點播送封包轉換成單點播送封包。此外，在步驟285至295中，若最小公分母速率高於最小許可之實體資料速率，則該接取點120判斷是否以該最小公分母速率來進行傳輸。
在步驟250中，該接取點120判斷該有效單點播送速率是否超過該最小公分母速率。舉例而言，在群160中具有接收節點130、140及150之802.11a無線LAN中，第一資料速率可為54 Mbps，第二資料速率可為6 Mbps，且第三資料速率可為54 Mbps。舉例而言，在給定單點播送封包中之資料位元之數量、封包額外負擔、轉換處理時間及其類似項的情況下，該有效單點播送速率可為11.5 Mbps。從而，11.5 Mbps之有效軍點播送速率超過6 Mbps之最小公分母速率(意即，802.11a之最小許可之實體資料速率)，因此在步驟255至275中該接取點120將把多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包。
在步驟255中，該接取點120將多點播送封包轉換成一定址至接收節點130之第一單點播送封包。在步驟260中，接取點120以第一資料速率以第一資料速率向該接收節點130傳輸該第一單點播送封包。在傳輸該第一單點播送封包之後，在於步驟270至275中將多點播送封包轉換成一第二單點播送封包並向接收節點140傳輸該第二單點播送封包之之前，在步驟265中該接取點120可延遲一預定延遲週期。該延遲週期係經計算以允許接收節點130有充足之時間來產生一802.11 ACK，接取點120可接收該802.11 ACK以證實對第一單點播送封包之可靠傳輸及接收。該接取點120可基於若干因素來計算該延遲週期。舉例而言，該接取點120可基於接取點120將多點播送封包轉換成第一單點播送封包所需之計算時間來計算該延遲。該延遲可包括資料封包額外負擔(例如，將第一資料速率降低至一相對較低之"使用者"資料速率之第一單點播送封包中的額外之位元)。此外，若接取點120未接收用於第一單點播送封包之來自接收節點130之802.11 ACK，則該接取點120可向接收節點130再次傳輸該第一單點播送封包，添加至該延遲。
在步驟270中，該接取點120將來自源節點110之多點播送轉換成一定址至接收節點140之第二單點播送封包。在步驟275中，該接取點120以第二單點播送速率向接收節點140傳輸該第二資料封包。以與上文中關於用於第一單點播送封包之步驟260至265所描述之方法類似的方式，該接取點120等待一來自接收節點140之802.11 ACK以確保對第二單點播送封包之可靠傳輸及接收。若接取點120未接收該來自接收節點140之802.11 ACK，則該接取點120可向該接收節點140再次傳輸該第二單點播送封包。儘管未描繪，但是可為群160中之額外之(例如，第三…)接收節點而重複步驟265至275。
視需要，該接取點120可在步驟260及步驟275中判定群160之該等接收節點中之一者是否包含一多點播送資料傳輸器。舉例而言，若該接收節點130充當源節點110以經由接取點120向群160之接收節點140及150發送多點播送封包，則接取點120無需向接收節點130再次傳回該已轉換之單點播送封包。儘管向接收節點130發送回該單點播送封包在802.11中為合法行為，但是如此舉動消耗了網路頻寬。
在步驟250處，若該有效單點播送速率不超過最小公分母速率，則該接取點120可判定不將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包以供向群160中之每一接收節點進行按序傳輸。從而，在步驟285中，接取點120判斷LCDR是否超過最小許可之資料速率。舉例而言，若該接收節點130能夠以54 Mbps來進行接收且接收節點140能夠以24 Mbps來進行接收，則該24 Mbps之LCDR超過6 Mbps之最小許可之資料速率。從而，在步驟290中，該接取點120將以該24 Mbps之LCDR來向群160傳輸多點播送封包。或者，在步驟285處，若例如接收節點130能夠以54 Mbps來進行接收且接收節點140僅能夠以6 Mbps來進行接收，則LCDR不超過該6 Mbps之最小許可之資料速率。從而，在步驟295中，該接取點120將以該6 Mbps之最小許可之資料速率來向群160傳輸多點播送封包。
關於圖2所描述之方法藉由將接取點120中之多點播送封包轉換成可以一相對更高的資料速率向群160之每一接收節點被按序傳輸之一或多個單點播送封包來有利地實現比傳統之多點播送傳輸更高的資料量。此外，因為該等單點播送封包係經來自群160之每一接收節點之ACK回應證實，所以將多點播送封包轉換成單點播送封包可提供更高之資料傳輸可靠性。另外，若該接取點120判定不將多點播送封包轉換成單點播送封包，則該接取點120可以最小公分母速率來傳輸多點播送封包，該最小公分母速率為一比IEEE 802.11標準中所定義之最小許可之實體資料速率更高的實體資料速率。
儘管圖1及2大體上描述自源節點110至群160(意即，圖1中自左向右)之多點播送資料流，但是關於圖2所描述之該等方法對於在相反之方向內(例如，圖1中自右向左)流動之多點播送控制協定封包係適用的。舉例而言，該系統100可包括一經組態以向一目的節點(例如，接取點120)傳輸一封包群之源節點(例如，接收節點130)。該接收節點130經由無線鏈路135向接取點120發送一諸如IGMP接合請求之多點播送控制協定封包以接合一接收IPTV多媒體多點播送流之群(例如，群160)。為了提供對無線鏈路135之可用頻寬之更有效的使用，且為了提供對多點播送控制協定封包之可靠傳輸，該接收節點135可將該多點播送控制協定封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包以供向接取點120進行傳輸並由該接取點120確認。
在一實例中，該接收節點130判定一用於傳輸該封包群之第一資料速率且基於將該封包群轉換成一定址至該接取點120之單點播送封包來判定一第二資料速率。若該用於傳輸封包群之第一資料速率小於該用於傳輸單點播送封包之第二資料速率，則該接收節點130經由無線鏈路135以該第二資料速率向接取點120傳輸單點播送封包。如本文中所論述，該接收節點130以一比指定用於多點播送傳輸之速率更高的實體資料速率來傳輸單點播送封包。一旦接收到該單點播送封包，該接取點120發送一ACK以確認對該單點播送封包之接收。
若該用於傳輸封包群之第一資料速率大於該用於傳輸單點播送封包之第二資料速率，則該接收節點130可經由無線鏈路135傳輸該封包群。如先前所論述，該接收節點130可以最小公分母速率來傳輸該封包群。接取點120接著接收該封包群並處理多點播送控制協定封包。因此，在該等實施例中，接收節點130及接取點120個別地判定傳輸該封包群或將該封包群轉換成一或多個單點播送封包是否允許對可用頻寬及可靠傳輸之更有效的使用。
圖3說明根據本發明之一實施例，與多點播送封包傳輸相比，如圖1至2中所描述，比較將多點播送封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包之例示性時序圖。一第一時間間隔310指示接取點120將接收自源節點110之多點播送封包轉換成第一單點播送封包並(例如)以54 Mbps向接收節點130傳輸該第一單點播送封包所需之時間。將瞭解該時間間隔310可視至少該第一資料速率、第一單點播送封包中之資料位元數量及接取點120將該多點播送封包轉換成該第一單點播送封包所需之轉換時間變化而變化。在向接收節點130傳輸該第一單點播送封包之後，一ACK時間間隔320指示該接收節點130傳回回應於該第一單點播送封包之802.11 ACK及該接取點120處理該802.11 ACK封包所需之時間。
類似地，一第二時間間隔330指示該接取點120將接收自源節點110之多點播送封包轉換成第二單點播送封包並以第二資料速率(例如，18 Mbps)向接收節點140傳輸該第二單點播送封包所需之時間。一第二ACK時間間隔340指示接收節點140傳回一回應於第二單點播送封包之802.11 ACK及接取點120處理該802.11 ACK封包所需之時間。相比較而言，一多點播送時間間隔350指示接取點120以最小公分母速率或最小許可之實體資料速率來接收多點播送封包並同步地向接收節點130及140傳輸該多點播送封包之持續時間。
因為該等組合時間間隔310、320、330及340之持續時間短於該多點播送時間間隔350之持續時間，所以本文中所描述之該系統及方法藉由將多點播送封包轉換成按序之單點播送封包來有利地實現一更高之資料量。此外，例如隨著由於無線鏈路135及145(圖1)中之干擾導致更低之第一及第二資料速率而使得該等時間間隔310及320之持續時間增加，時間間隔310、320、330及340之組合持續時間可超過多點播送時間間隔350。在此情況下，該最小公分母速率可提供一比最小許可之資料速率更高之資料速率。因此，另一優點為隨著無線LAN中之變化全部資料傳輸速率之適度降級。
本文中所論述之該等實施例說明為本發明之一實例。當參看說明來描述本發明之該等實施例時，熟習此項技術者可易瞭解對所描述之方法及/或特定結構之所作的各種修改或調適。依賴於本發明之教示並使該等教示促進此項技術的所有此等修該、調適或改變應被視為係處於本發明之範疇內。因此，不應在一限定性意義上考慮該等描述及圖示，而應瞭解本發明決不僅限於所說明之實施例。因此，不應參考上述描述來判定本發明之範疇，而應以附加申請專利範圍連同其之等同物之完全範疇為準。
100．．．系統
110．．．源節點
115．．．網路鏈路
120．．．接取點
130、140、150．．．接收節點
135、145、155．．．無線鏈路
160．．．群
310．．．第一時間間隔
320．．．第一ACK時間間隔
330．．．第二時間間隔
340．．．第二ACK時間間隔
350．．．多點播送時間間隔
圖1說明根據本發明之一實施例一用於在一無線區域網路中進行多點播送傳輸之系統的方塊圖；圖2說明根據本發明之一實施例一用於圖1之該無線區域網路中之多點播送或單點播送傳輸的例示性方法；且圖3說明根據本發明之一實施例一說明如關於圖1至圖2所描述將多點播送封包轉換成單點播送封包之例示性時序圖。

Claims (29)

  1. 一種用於改善通信網路中資料量之方法，該方法包含：將一來自一源之多點播送封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；將該多點播送封包於接取點轉換成一單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層，而該已轉換多點播送封包則定址至一與該接取點關聯並於該站清單上辨識以接收該已轉換封包之站；經由該通信網路自該接取點向該站傳輸該單點播送封包，其中該單點播送封包係以相較於一對應之多點播送或廣播封包更高之實體資料速率傳輸。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該通信網路包含一IEEE 802.11無線網路。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其中該多點播送封包包括含一UDP網路訊息。
  4. 如請求項1之方法，其中該多點播送封包包括一多點播送控制封包。
  5. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含：判定一天線組態，於該天線組態上向該站進行傳輸；判定一實體資料速率，以該實體資料速率向該站進行傳輸；及經由一無線網路在該天線組態上且以該實體資料速率自該接取點向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。
  6. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含：詢問該站以判定該站之一位址；及將該多點播送封包之一位址映射至該站之該位址。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包含：自該站向該源傳輸一接合請求；及基於該接合請求在該接取點中將該站關聯至該多點播送封包之一位址。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，若未收到確認封包則進一步包含重新傳輸一次或多次之該單點播送封包。
  9. 一種用於改善通信網路中資料量之方法，該方法包含：將一來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；將該多點播送或廣播封包於接取點轉換成一單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層，而該多點播送或廣播封包則定址至一與該接取點關聯之站；判定一最小資料速率，該接取點可藉由該最小資料速率來向該站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；判定一用於向該站傳輸該單點播送封包之有效單點播送速率；及若該有效單點播送速率不超過該最小資料速率，則不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包而向該站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
  10. 一種用於改善通信網路中資料量之方法，該方法包含： 將一來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；將該多點播送或廣播封包於接取點轉換成一單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層，而該多點播送或廣播封包則定址至一與該接取點關聯之站；及判定該站充當該源，及不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。
  11. 一種用於改善通信網路中資料量之方法，該方法包含：將一來自一源之多點播送或廣播封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；判定一第一速率，該接取點可藉由該第一速率來向一與該接取點關聯之第一站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；判定一第二速率，該接取點可藉由該第二速率來向一與該接取點關聯之第二站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；及經由該通信網路以該第一速率及該第二速率中之較低者來向該第一站及該第二站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
  12. 如請求項11之方法，其中該通信網路包含一無線區域網路。
  13. 如請求項11之方法，其中該多點播送或廣播封包包含一UDP網路訊息。
  14. 如請求項11之方法，其中該多點播送或廣播封包包含一多點播送控制封包。
  15. 一種用於改善通信網路中資料量之方法，該方法包含：將一來自一源之多點播送封包接收至一通信網路之一接取點中，其中該接取點保持一可接收自一單點播送封包已轉換成一多點播送封包之站清單；判定一第一速率，該接取點可藉由該第一速率來向一與該接取點關聯之第一站傳輸該多點播送封包；判定一第二速率，該接取點可藉由該第二速率來向一與該接取點關聯之第二站傳輸該多點播送封包；及不向該第一站及該第二站傳輸該多點播送封包並將該多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一定址至該第一站之第一單點播送封包；將該多點播送封包於媒介存取控制層轉換成一第一單點播送封包，該轉換發生於該接取點，而該已轉換第一單點播送封包則定址至該第一站並於站清單上辨識以接收該已轉換封包；將該多點播送封包於媒介存取控制層轉換成一第二單點播送封包，該轉換發生於該接取點，而該已轉換第二單點播送封包則定址至該第二站並於站清單上辨識以接收該已轉換封包；經由該通信網路自該接取點向該第一站傳輸該第一單點播送封包；及經由該通信網路自該接取點向該第二站傳輸該第二單點播送封包，其中該單點播送封包相較於一對應多點播送封包則於較高之實體資料速率被傳輸至該第一站及該 第二站。
  16. 一種用於一改善通信網路中的資料量之接取點，該接取點經組態以：接收一來自一源之多點播送封包，其中該接取點保持一可接收自一單點播送封包已轉換成一多點播送封包之站清單；將該多點播送封包於接取點轉換成一定址至一與該接取點關聯並於站清單上辨識以接收該已轉換封包之站的單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層；且經由該通信網路自該接取點向該站傳輸該單點播送封包，其中該單點播送封包相較於一對應之多點播送封包則於更高之實體資料速率傳輸。
  17. 如請求項16之接取點，其中該通信網路包含一IEEE 802.11無線網路。
  18. 如請求項16之接取點，其進一步經組態以：判定一天線組態，於該天線組態上向該站進行傳輸；判定一實體資料速率，以該實體資料速率向該站進行傳輸；且經由一無線網路在該天線組態上且以該實體資料速率自該接取點向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。
  19. 如請求項16之接取點，其進一步經組態以：詢問該站以判定該站之一位址；且將該多點播送或廣播封包之一位址映射至該站之該位址。
  20. 如請求項16之接取點，其進一步經組態以基於一自該站向該源傳輸之接合請求來將該站關聯至該多點播送封包之一位址。
  21. 一種用於一改善通信網路中的資料量之接取點，該接取點經組態以：自一源接收一多點播送或廣播封包，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；將該多點播送或廣播封包於接取點轉換成一定址至一與該接取點關聯之一站的單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層；判定一最小實體資料速率，該接取點可藉由該接取點來向該站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；判定一用於向該站傳輸該單點播送封包之有效單點播送速率；且若該有效單點播送速率不超過該最小資料速率，則不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包且向該站傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
  22. 一種用於一改善通信網路中資料量之接取點，該接取點經組態以：自一源接收一多點播送或廣播封包，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；將該多點播送或廣播封包於接取點轉換成一定址至一 與該接取點關聯之一站的單點播送封包，該轉換發生於媒介存取控制層；及判定該站充當該源，且不向該站傳輸該單點播送封包。
  23. 一種用於一改善通信網路中資料量之系統，該系統包含：一第一節點及一第二節點，該第一節點經組態以：向該通信網路之一第二節點進行傳輸；判定一用於向該第二節點傳輸一多點播送或廣播封包之第一實體資料速率；判定一第二實體資料速率而向該第二節點傳輸由將該多點播送或廣播封包轉換成一或多個單點播送封包所產生之該或該等單點播送封包，其中該接取點保持一接收已自一多點播送封包轉換成一單點播送封包之站之清單；且若該第二資料速率超過該第一資料速率，則向該第二節點傳輸該或該等單點播送封包，否則向該第二節點傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
  24. 如請求項23之系統，其中該通信網路為一無線區域網路。
  25. 如請求項23之系統，其中該多點播送或廣播封包包含一UDP網路訊息。
  26. 如請求項23之系統，其中該多點播送或廣播封包包含一多點播送控制協定封包。
  27. 如請求項23之系統，其中該第一節點包含一具有多點播送功能之接取點。
  28. 如請求項23之系統，其中該第一節點進一步經組態以： 判定一天線組態，於該天線組態上向該第二節點進行傳輸；判定一實體資料速率，以該實體資料速率向該第二節點進行傳輸；且在該天線組態上且以該實體資料速率來向該第二節點傳輸該或該等單點播送封包及該多點播送或廣播封包。
  29. 如請求項23之系統，其中該第一節點進一步經組態以：判定一第三實體資料速率，該第一節點可藉由該第三速率來向該通信網路之一第三節點傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包；且經由該通信網路以該第一速率及該第三速率中之較低者來向該第二節點及該第三節點傳輸該多點播送或廣播封包。
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