TWI434831B - 咔唑單體及聚合物 - Google Patents
咔唑單體及聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI434831B TWI434831B TW96146366A TW96146366A TWI434831B TW I434831 B TWI434831 B TW I434831B TW 96146366 A TW96146366 A TW 96146366A TW 96146366 A TW96146366 A TW 96146366A TW I434831 B TWI434831 B TW I434831B
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 title description 22
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 title description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylphosphine oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CHYUXCABJMXHJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl(sulfanylidene)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](=S)C1=CC=CC=C1 CHYUXCABJMXHJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000090 poly(aryl ether) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006260 polyaryletherketone Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyestercarbonates Polymers 0.000 abstract description 97
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 66
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbazole Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 10
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 5
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000103 photoluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical group [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 125000005626 carbonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMWCQWOKHLEYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N BisPhenol A bis(chloroformate) Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC(Cl)=O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC(Cl)=O)C=C1 MMWCQWOKHLEYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWTGQSFGKDRFCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N FN(N(C1=CC=CC=C1)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound FN(N(C1=CC=CC=C1)F)C1=CC=CC=C1 SWTGQSFGKDRFCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000291 Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004210 cyclohexylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[2,3-c]thiophene Chemical compound S1C=C2SC=CC2=C1 PFZLGKHSYILJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentafluoro-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F ONUFSRWQCKNVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRZRQCQIKJMLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-9H-fluorene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2C=C1)C1=CC=C(C=C1)F YRZRQCQIKJMLFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZOKZZNMIDZZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylhydrazine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1N(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 HZOKZZNMIDZZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZUNPRDEUXITBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonylphenyl]benzene Chemical group C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 OZUNPRDEUXITBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKELAHQYZUSFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-phenylhydrazine Chemical compound C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1N(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 IKELAHQYZUSFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCEJNFOIRGNMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1OC UCEJNFOIRGNMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRWRFIMBWRVMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(Br)=CC(OC)=C1 KRWRFIMBWRVMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJEPOVIWHVRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanylbenzene Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MJEPOVIWHVRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXVRSCIZJBGJGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound ClCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SXVRSCIZJBGJGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZDAAZQDQJGXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-(4-fluorophenyl)benzene Chemical group C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PZDAAZQDQJGXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound N1NC=CO1 VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQCHAOKWWKLXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dichloro-para-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 HQCHAOKWWKLXQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJWNFAKWHDOUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(O)C=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 CJWNFAKWHDOUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIKNNBBGYSDYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-[2-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]-n,n-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 RIKNNBBGYSDYAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWCGNRKFLRLWCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-1,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C(Br)=C1 DWCGNRKFLRLWCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCPAPQMQFVWLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbazol-9-ylbenzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C(N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)=C1 WCPAPQMQFVWLBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WEHZNZTWKUYVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxabicyclo[3.2.2]nona-1(7),5,8-triene-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C2=CC=C1C=C2 WEHZNZTWKUYVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OKISUZLXOYGIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTBRNEUEFCNVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YTBRNEUEFCNVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/88—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/685—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen
- C08G63/6854—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing nitrogen derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/6856—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G64/08—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
- C08G64/12—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/20—Polysulfones
- C08G75/23—Polyethersulfones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
- H10K85/146—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE poly N-vinylcarbazol; Derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/151—Copolymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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Description
本發明大體上係關於包含雙官能性咔唑單元的化合物。本發明亦係關於包含咔唑單元之單體及其所衍生之聚合物、樹枝狀聚合物,及高度分支物質。
預期使用在經受偏壓時發光之薄膜材料的有機發光裝置(OLED)將成為一種日益風行之平板顯示器技術。此係因為OLED具有多種潛在應用,包括蜂巢式電話、個人數位助理(PDA)、電腦顯示器、車輛中之資訊顯示器、電視監控器以及用於一般照明之光源。由於其亮色彩、廣視角、與全運動視訊之相容性、寬溫度範圍、薄及適型之形狀因素、低功率要求及用於低成本製造製程之潛能,故將OLED視為陰極射線管(CRT)及液晶顯示器(LCD)之未來替代技術。由於其高發光效率,故將OLED視為具有替代用於某些類型之應用之白熾燈及甚至可能螢光燈的潛能。
達成全色OLED之一方法包括將能量自主體轉移至發射性客體分子。為實現此目的,主體之三重能量態必須高於客體分子。咔唑衍生物已展示在含金屬之發射性客體分子存在下良好充當主體分子的希望。在此方面常使用聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)。然而,使用聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)之裝置之量子效率仍在約60%至80%之範圍內。因此,此項技術中需要開發具有裝置量子效率同時仍維持分子作為紅光、綠光及藍光發射性錯合物之主體的潛能的OLED。
在一態樣中,本發明提供一種式I之化合物:
其中:R為H或烷基;R1
、R2
及R4
在各出現處獨立地為C1
-C20
脂族基團、C3
-C20
芳族基團或C3
-C20
環脂族基團;R3
及R5
在各出現處獨立地為氫、C1
-C20
脂族基團、C3
-C20
芳族基團或C3
-C20
環脂族基團;且a、b及d獨立地為0或1至3中之一整數。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種包含式II之結構單元之聚合物:
其中:R1
、R2
及R4
在各出現處獨立地為C1
-C20
脂族基團、C3
-C20
芳族基團或C3
-C20
環脂族基團;R3
及R5
在各出現處獨立地為氫、C1
-C20
脂族基團、C3
-C20
芳族基團或C3
-C20
環脂族基團;a、b及d獨立地為0或1至3中之一整數。
在又一態樣中,本發明提供一種發光裝置,其包含至少一電極、至少一電洞注入層、至少一發光層;其中該發光層包含含有式II之結構單元之聚合物。
在一態樣中,本發明提供一種包含具有式I之咔唑單元之化合物。式I之化合物通常可認為係咔唑化合物。在一些情況下,3位、6位可易於發生氧化耦合反應,且保護此等位置中之一或多者可為有利的。因此,在一些實施例中,R3
及R5
為氫,因此咔唑單元在3位及6位處為未受保護的。在一些其他實施例中,R3
及R5
為第三丁基,而在再其他實施例中,R3
及R5
為三烷基矽烷基及三芳基矽烷基,且在又其他實施例中,其為氧化二苯基膦或硫化二苯基膦。亦可使用廣泛多種其他基團來在3位及6位處取代咔唑,且此等基團可包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、甲氧基、甲苯基、甲基環己基及鹵甲基。在一特定態樣中,本發明係關於一種式I之單體,其中b及d為0,其具有下式:
本發明係關於以下式之芳族基進行N-取代之咔唑化合物:
其中R、R1
及a係如之前所界定。可藉由適當之芳族鹵化物與咔唑之反應將該等芳族基連接至咔唑單元從而以高產量獲得產物。該反應可在惰性溶劑中進行,且視情況可在催化劑存在下進行。
在一態樣中,本發明提供一種式I之化合物,其中R為烷基。因此,在一例示性實施例中,R為甲基,a、b及d皆為0,烷氧基存在於3位及5位,且所得化合物為下式之9-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)咔唑:
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種式I之化合物,其中R為烷基。因此,在一例示性實施例中,R為甲基,a、b及d皆為0,烷氧基存在於2位及5位,且所得化合物為下式之9-(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)咔唑:
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種式I之單體,其中R為氫,且所得化合物為二羥基官能化合物。羥基可存在於苯環上之任何位置上,例如在3位及5位上或在相對於咔唑單元之位置為鄰位及間位的位置上。在一特定情況下,當R為氫,a、b及d皆為0時,化合物為下式之9-(3,5-二羥基苯基)咔唑:
在又一態樣中,本發明提供一種式I之單體,其中R為氫,且所得化合物為二羥基官能化合物。羥基可存在於苯環上之任何位置上,例如在2位及5位上或在相對於咔唑單元之位置為鄰位及間位的位置上。在一特定情況下,當R為氫,a、b及d皆為0時,化合物為下式之9-(2,5-二羥基苯基)咔唑:
本發明之化合物尤其良好地適合用於有機發光裝置中之電洞傳輸層。在一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含基本上由該等化合物組成之電洞傳輸層的有機發光裝置。在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含該等化合物作為有機發光裝置之電洞傳輸層之組成部分的有機發光裝置。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於具有式II之結構單元的聚合物。該等聚合物係藉由使一或多種式I之單體與一或多種共聚單體共聚而製備,從而產生呈無規、嵌段或接枝共聚物或樹枝狀聚合物或高度分支物質之形式的聚碳酸酯、共聚碳酸酯、聚芳酯、共聚芳酯、共聚酯碳酸酯、聚醚、聚醚碸、聚醚醯亞胺及其組合。
因此,在一些實施例中,式I之單體可與碳醯氯或碳醯氯及雙酚或與碳酸二芳酯或雙鹵代甲酸酯共聚以提供聚碳酸酯。產生聚碳酸酯之例示性單體包括碳酸二苯酯、雙(甲基水楊基)碳酸酯、雙酚A雙氯代甲酸酯、間苯二酚雙氯代甲酸酯及其組合。舉例而言,與碳醯氯及雙酚A之共聚產生包含除式II之結構單元外的下式之結構單元的聚合物:
因此,在一特定實施例中,所得聚合物包含下式之結構單元:
舉例而言,在低氣壓下在約150℃與300℃之間的範圍中之溫度下,在微量鹼性催化劑(諸如氫氧化鈉)存在下,式I之單體可與雙酚A及碳酸二苯酯反應。
在其他實施例中,式I之單體可與羧酸酯、羧酸酐或羧酸鹵化物共聚以產生聚酯。可用於產生聚酯之例示性共聚單體包括對苯二醯氯、對苯二酸酐、萘二酸酐、丁二酸酐、草酸二甲酯及其組合。
在又其他實施例中,式I之單體可與一或多種二鹵基芳基碸單體共聚以產生聚醚碸。二鹵基芳基碸可包括雙(4-氟苯基)碸、雙(4-氯苯基)碸、4,4'-雙((4-氯苯基)磺醯基)-1,1-聯苯及其組合。
在其他實施例中,式I之單體可與一或多種二鹵基芳基單體共聚以產生聚醚。例示性二鹵基芳基單體包括1,6-二氯苯、4,4'-二氯聯苯、4,4'-二氯二苯硫醚、1,6-二氟苯、4,4'-二氟聯苯、4,4'-二氟二苯硫醚及其組合。舉例而言,在約100℃與約250℃之間的溫度下,在鹼(諸如,碳酸鉀)存在下,式I之單體可在N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮(NMP)中與十氟聯苯共聚。
在另一實施例中,式I之單體可與二鹵基二苯甲酮單體共聚以產生聚醚酮。其他二鹵基二苯甲酮單體包括1,4-雙(4'-氯苯甲醯)苯、1,4-雙(4-氟苯甲醯)苯、1-(4'-氯苯甲醯)-4-(4"-氟苯甲醯)苯及其組合。舉例而言,在相轉移催化劑(諸如氯化六乙基胍)存在下,在約100℃與約250℃之間的溫度下,式I之單體連同雙酚A之二鈉鹽可在鄰二氯苯中與4,4'-二氯二苯甲酮反應。
在另一實施例中,式I之單體可與諸如雙(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺)之雙(鹵基苯二甲醯亞胺)共聚以獲得聚醚醯亞胺。其他雙(鹵基苯二甲醯亞胺)包括1,3-雙[N-(4-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,4-雙[N-(4-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,3-雙[N-(3-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,4-雙[N-(3-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、4,4'-雙[N-(4-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯基醚、4,4'-雙[N-(3-氟苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯基醚、4,4'-雙[N-(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯基醚、4,4'-雙[N-(3-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯基醚、1,3-雙[N-(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,4-雙[N-(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,3-雙[N-(3-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1,4-雙[N-(3-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1-[N-(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]-3-[N-(3-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯、1-[N-(4-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]-4-[N-(3-氯苯二甲醯亞胺基)]苯,及其組合。
可用於製備由本發明提供之聚合物組合物之反應條件包括使用極性溶劑及合適強度之鹼。例示性溶劑包括氯仿、二氯甲烷、鄰二氯苯、藜蘆醚、茴香醚及其類似物,及其組合。例示性鹼包括三乙胺、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀及其類似物,及其組合。合適之催化劑亦可用於進行聚合反應。
在某些實施例中,聚合反應可在約室溫至約所選溶劑之沸點的合適溫度範圍下進行。該聚合法亦可在大氣壓、低氣壓或高氣壓下進行。該聚合反應時間應達到具合適分子量之聚合物為止。藉由熟習此項技術者已知技術中之任一者測定聚合物之分子量,且該等技術包括黏度量測、光散射、滲壓測定及其類似技術。聚合物之分子量通常表示成數量平均分子量Mn
或重量平均分子量Mw
。尤其可用於測定分子量平均數之技術為凝膠滲透層析法(GPC),由其可獲得數量平均分子量及重量平均分子量兩者。在一些實施例中,需要Mw
大於30,000克/莫耳(g/mol)之聚合物,在其他實施例中,需要Mw
大於50,000 g/mol之聚合物,而其他實施例中,則需要Mw
大於80,000 g/mol之聚合物。
添加合適之單官能反應物(在此項技術中有時亦稱作"封端劑"或"鏈終止劑")可控制該聚合反應。鏈終止劑用於限制聚合物分子量。合適之酚系鏈終止劑包括苯酚、對枯基苯酚及其類似物。合適之芳族鹵化物鏈終止劑包括4-氯苯基苯基碸、4-氟苯基苯基碸、4-氯苯基苯基酮及其類似物。
本發明中所提供之聚合物可用於廣泛多種應用中,該等應用包括(但不限於)發光電化電池、光檢器、光導電池、光電開關、顯示裝置及其類似物。因此,在一態樣中,本發明提供一種發光裝置,其包含至少一電極、至少一電洞注入層、至少一發光層;其中該發光層包含含有式II之結構單元之聚合物。
本發明之聚合物組合物尤其良好地適合用於有機發光裝置中之電活性層。在一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含基本上由該等聚合物組合物組成之電活性層的有機發光裝置。在另一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含該等聚合物組合物作為有機發光裝置之電活性層之組成部分的有機發光裝置。在一實施例中,本發明提供一種包含該等聚合物組合物作為有機發光裝置之發光電活性層之組成部分的有機發光裝置。
有機發光裝置通常包含多個層,在最簡單之情況下,其包括一陽極層及一相應陰極層,以及一安置於該陽極與該陰極之間的有機電致發光層。當電極上被施以偏壓時,電子由陰極注入電致發光層中,同時電子由陽極自電致發光層移除(或"電洞"由陽極"注入"電致發光層中)。當電致發光層中之電洞與電子結合以形成單態或三重態激子時發生發光,當單態激子藉由輻射衰變將能量轉移至環境中時發生發光。
除陽極、陰極及發光材料以外可存在於有機發光裝置中之其他組件包括電洞注入層、電子注入層及電子傳輸層。電子傳輸層無需接觸陰極,且電子傳輸層時常並非有效之電洞傳輸器,且因此其用以阻擋電洞向陰極遷移。在包含電子傳輸層之有機發光裝置之運作期間,存在於電子傳輸層中之大多數電荷載流子(亦即,電洞及電子)為電子,且經由存在於電子傳輸層中之電洞與電子的再結合可發生發光。可存在於有機發光裝置中之額外組件包括電洞傳輸層、電洞傳輸發射層及電子傳輸發射層。
式I之化合物具有三重能量態,其可用於諸如有機發光裝置(OLED)之應用中,因為其可產生高效率之裝置。另外,此等化合物之三重態能量可為足夠高的,其可大於裝置中所用之客體染料之彼等能量,且因此可充當主體分子。本發明之化合物尤其良好地適合用於有機發光裝置中之電洞傳輸層。在一實施例中,本發明係關於一種包含該等化合物作為有機發光裝置之電洞傳輸層之組成部分的有機發光裝置。
有機電致發光層為有機發光裝置中之一層,其在運作時含有顯著濃度之電子及電洞且為激子形成及發光提供位置。電洞注入層為與陽極接觸之層,其促進電洞自陽極注入OLED之內部層中;且電子注入層為與陰極接觸之層,其促進電子自陰極注入OLED中;電子傳輸層為促使電子自陰極傳導至電荷再結合位置之層。電子傳輸層無需接觸陰極,且電子傳輸層時常並非有效之電洞傳輸器,且因此其用以阻擋電洞向陰極遷移。在包含電子傳輸層之有機發光裝置之運作期間,存在於電子傳輸層中之大多數電荷載流子(亦即,電洞及電子)為電子,且經由存在於電子傳輸層中之電洞與電子的再結合可發生發光。電洞傳輸層為在OLED運作時促使電洞自陽極傳導至電荷再結合位置之層且其無需接觸陽極。電洞傳輸發射層為如下之層:其中在OLED運作時促使電洞傳導至電荷再結合位置,且其中大多數電荷載流子為電洞,且其中發射不僅經由與剩餘電子之再結合而發生,而且亦經由自裝置中他處之電荷再結合區轉移能量而發生。電子傳輸發射層為如下之層:其中在OLED運作時促使電子傳導至電荷再結合位置,且其中大多數電荷載流子為電子,且其中發射不僅經由與剩餘電洞之再結合而發生,且亦經由自裝置中他處之電荷再結合區轉移能量而發生。
適合用作陽極之材料包括具有至少約100歐姆/平方(如藉由四點探針技術量測)之體積傳導率的材料。氧化銦錫(ITO)時常用作陽極,因為其對於光透射而言為大體上透明的且因此促使自電活性有機層發射之光逸出。可用作陽極層之其他材料包括氧化錫、氧化銦、氧化鋅、氧化銦鋅、氧化鋅銦錫、氧化銻,及其混合物。
適合用作陰極之材料包括可將負電荷載流子(電子)注入OLED之內層中的零價金屬。適合用作陰極20之各種零價金屬包括K、Li、Na、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Al、Ag、Au、In、Sn、Zn、Zr、Sc、Y、鑭系元素,其合金及其混合物。適合用作陰極層之合金材料包括Ag-Mg、Al-Li、In-Mg、Al-Ca及Al-Au合金。陰極中亦可採用分層之非合金結構,諸如由一較厚層之零價金屬(諸如,鋁或銀)覆蓋一薄層金屬(諸如,鈣)或金屬氟化物(諸如,LiF)。詳言之,陰極可由單一零價金屬組成,且尤其為鋁金屬。
根據本發明之發光裝置包括在電洞注入層中之具有式II之聚合物。該等聚合物可用於代替傳統材料或與傳統材料一起使用,傳統材料諸如聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基噻吩)(可自H.C.Stark公司購得,商標為BAYTRON)及基於噻吩并[3,4b]噻吩(TT)單體之聚合物(可自Air Products公司購得)。詳言之,該等聚合物可與PEDOT摻合以形成電洞注入層。
適合用於電洞傳輸層之材料包括1,1-雙((二-4-甲苯基胺基)苯基)環己烷、N,N'-雙(4-甲基苯基)-N,N'-雙(4-乙基苯基)-(1,1'-(3,3'-二甲基)聯苯)-4,4'-二胺、肆-(3-甲基苯基)-N,N,N',N'-2,5-苯二胺、苯基-4-N,N-二苯基胺基苯乙烯、對(二乙胺基)苯甲醛二苯腙、三苯胺、1-苯基-3-(對(二乙胺基)苯乙烯基)-5-(對(二乙胺基)苯基)吡唑啉、1,2-反-雙(9H-咔唑-9-基)環丁烷、N,N,N',N'-肆(4-甲基苯基)-(1,1'-聯苯)-4,4'-二胺、銅酞菁、聚乙烯基咔唑、(苯基甲基)聚矽烷;聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基噻吩)(PEDOT)、聚苯胺、聚乙烯基咔唑、三芳基二胺、四苯基二胺、芳族三級胺、腙衍生物、咔唑衍生物、三唑衍生物、咪唑衍生物、具有胺基之噁二唑衍生物,及如美國專利第6,023,371號中所揭示之聚噻吩。
適合用作電子傳輸層之材料包括聚(9,9-二辛基茀)、參(8-羥基醌酸酯基)鋁(Alq3
)、2,9-二甲基-4,7-二苯基-1,1-啡啉、4,7-二苯基-1,10-啡啉、2-(4-聯苯基)-5-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,3,4-噁二唑、3-(4-聯苯基)-4-苯基-5-(4-第三丁基苯基)-1,2,4-三唑、含有1,3,4-噁二唑之聚合物、含有1,3,4-三唑之聚合物、含有喹喏啉之聚合物及氰基-PPV。
適合用於發光層之材料包括電致發光聚合物,諸如聚(9,9-二辛基茀)及其共聚物,諸如F8-TFB。
在一態樣中,包含式II之結構單元之聚合物可形成電洞收集層之部分,而在另一態樣中,包含式II之結構單元之聚合物形成電洞注入層之部分。因此,在一態樣中,本發明係關於包含含有式II之結構單元之聚合物的更有效之有機發光裝置。
如本文中所使用,術語"芳族基團(aromatic radical)"係指包含至少一個芳族基(aromatic group)之具有至少一價數之原子陣列。該包含至少一個芳族基之具有至少一價數之原子陣列可包括諸如氮、硫、硒、矽及氧之雜原子,或可僅由碳及氫組成。如本文中所使用,術語"芳族基團"包括(但不限於)苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、萘基、伸苯基及聯苯基。如所註明,芳族基團含有至少一個芳族基。芳族基一定為具有4n+2個"非定域"電子之環狀結構,其中"n"為等於1或更大之整數,如由苯基(n=1)、噻吩基(n=1)、呋喃基(n=1)、萘基(n=2)、薁基(n=2)、蒽基(n=3)及其類似基團所說明。芳族基團亦可包括非芳族組份。舉例而言,苄基為包含苯環(芳族基)及亞甲基(非芳族組份)之芳族基團。類似地,四氫萘基為包含與非芳族組份-(CH2
)4
-稠合之芳族基(C6
H3
)的芳族基團。為方便起見,術語"芳族基團"在本文中定義為涵蓋廣泛範圍之官能基,諸如烷基、烯基、炔基、鹵烷基、鹵芳族基、共軛二烯基、醇基、醚基、醛基、酮基、羧酸基、醯基(例如羧酸衍生物,諸如酯及醯胺)、胺基、硝基及其類似基團。舉例而言,4-甲基苯基為包含甲基之C7
芳族基團,該甲基為作為烷基之官能基。類似地,2-硝基苯基為包含硝基之C6
芳族基團,該硝基為官能基。芳族基團包括鹵化芳族基團,諸如4-三氟甲基苯基、六氟亞異丙基雙(4-苯-1-基氧基)(亦即,-OPhC(CF3
)2
PhO-)、4-氯甲基苯-1-基、3-三氟乙烯基-2-噻吩基、3-三氯甲基苯-1-基(亦即,3-CCl3
Ph-)、4-(3-溴丙-1-基)苯-1-基(亦即,4-BrCH2
CH2
CH2
Ph-)及其類似基團。芳族基團之其他實例包括4-烯丙氧基苯-1-氧基、4-胺基苯-1-基(亦即,4-H2
NPh-)、3-胺基羰基苯-1-基(亦即,NH2
COPh-)、4-苄醯基苯-1-基、二氰基次甲基雙(4-苯-1-基氧基)(亦即,-OPhC(CN)2
PhO-)、3-甲基苯-1-基、亞甲基雙(4-苯-1-基氧基)(亦即,-OPhCH2
PhO-)、2-乙基苯-1-基、苯基乙烯基、3-甲醯基-2-噻吩基、2-己基-5-呋喃基、六亞甲基-1,6-雙(4-苯-1-基氧基)(亦即,-OPh(CH2
)6
PhO-)、4-羥基甲基苯-1-基(亦即,4-HOCH2
Ph-)、4-巰基甲基苯-1-基(亦即,4-HSCH2
Ph-)、4-甲硫基苯-1-基(亦即,4-CH3
SPh-)、3-甲氧基苯-1-基、2-甲氧基羰基苯-1-基氧基(例如,甲基水楊基)、2-硝基甲基苯-1-基(亦即,2-NO2
CH2
Ph)、3-三甲基矽烷基苯-1-基、4-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基苯-1-基、4-乙烯基苯-1-基、亞乙烯基雙(苯基)及其類似基團。術語"C3
-C10
芳族基團"包括含有至少三個但不多於10個碳原子之芳族基團。芳族基團1-咪唑基(C3
H2
N2
-)表示C3
芳族基團。苄基(C7
H7
-)表示C7
芳族基團。
如本文中所使用,術語"環脂族基團"係指具有至少一價數且包含呈環狀但並非芳族之原子陣列的基團。如本文中所定義,"環脂族基團"不含芳族基。"環脂族基團"可包含一或多個非環狀組份。舉例而言,環己基甲基(C6
H11
CH2
-)為包含環己基環(呈環狀但並非芳族之原子陣列)及亞甲基(非環狀組份)之環脂族基團。環脂族基團可包括諸如氮、硫、硒、矽及氧之雜原子,或可僅由碳及氫組成。為方便起見,術語"環脂族基團"在本文中定義為涵蓋廣泛範圍之官能基,諸如烷基、烯基、炔基、鹵烷基、共軛二烯基、醇基、醚基、醛基、酮基、羧酸基、醯基(例如羧酸衍生物,諸如酯及醯胺)、胺基、硝基及其類似基團。舉例而言,4-甲基環戊-1-基為包含甲基之C6
環脂族基團,該甲基為作為烷基之官能基。類似地,2-硝基環丁-1-基為包含硝基之C4
環脂族基團,該硝基為官能基。環脂族基團可包含一或多個鹵素原子,其可相同或不同。鹵素原子包括(例如)氟、氯、溴及碘。包含一或多個鹵素原子之環脂族基團包括2-三氟甲基環己-1-基、4-溴二氟甲基環辛-1-基、2-氯二氟甲基環己-1-基、六氟亞異丙基-2,2-雙(環己-4-基)(亦即,-C6
H10
C(CF3
)2
C6
H10
-)、2-氯甲基環己-1-基、3-二氟亞甲基環己-1-基、4-三氯甲基環己-1-基氧基、4-溴二氯甲基環己-1-基硫基、2-溴乙基環戊-1-基、2-溴丙基環己-1-基氧基(例如,CH3
CHBrCH2
C6
H10
O-)及其類似物。環脂族基團之其他實例包括4-烯丙氧基環己-1-基、4-胺基環己-1-基(亦即,H2
NC6
H10
-)、4-胺基羰基環戊-1-基(亦即,NH2
COC5
H8
-)、4-乙醯氧基環己-1-基、2,2-二氰基亞異丙基雙(環己-4-基氧基)(亦即,-OC6
H10
C(CN)2
C6
H10
O-)、3-甲基環己-1-基、亞甲基雙(環己-4-基氧基)(亦即,-OC6
H10
CH2
C6
H10
O-)、1-乙基環丁-1-基、環丙基乙烯基、3-甲醯基-2-四氫呋喃基、2-己基-5-四氫呋喃基、六亞甲基-1,6-雙(環己-4-基氧基)(亦即,-OC6
H10
(CH2
)6
C6
H10
O-)、4-羥甲基環己-1-基(亦即,4-HOCH2
C6
H10
-)、4-巰基甲基環己-1-基(亦即,4-HSCH2
C6
H10
-)、4-甲硫基環己-1-基(亦即,4-CH3
SC6
H10
-)、4-甲氧基環己-1-基、2-甲氧基羰基環己-1-基氧基(2-CH3
OCOC6
H10
O-)、4-硝基甲基環己-1-基(亦即,NO2
CH2
C6
H10
-)、3-三甲基矽烷基環己-1-基、2-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基環戊-1-基、4-三甲氧基矽烷基乙基環己-1-基(例如,(CH3
O)3
SiCH2
CH2
C6
H10
-)、4-乙烯基環己烯-1-基、亞乙烯基雙(環己基)及其類似基團。術語"C3
-C10
環脂族基團"包括含有至少三個但不多於10個碳原子之環脂族基團。環脂族基團2-四氫呋喃基(C4
H7
O-)表示C4
環脂族基團。環己基甲基(C6
H11
CH2
-)表示C7
環脂族基團。
如本文中所使用,術語"脂族基團"係指由非環狀之直鏈或支鏈原子陣列組成之具有至少一價數的有機基團。脂族基團定義為包含至少一個碳原子。包含脂族基團之原子陣列可包括諸如氮、硫、矽、硒及氧之雜原子,或可僅由碳及氫組成。為方便起見,術語"脂族基團"在本文中定義為涵蓋作為經廣泛範圍之官能基取代的"非環狀之直鏈或支鏈原子陣列"有機基團之部分,該等官能基諸如烷基、烯基、炔基、鹵烷基、共軛二烯基、醇基、醚基、醛基、酮基、羧酸基、醯基(例如羧酸衍生物,諸如酯及醯胺)、胺基、硝基及其類似基團。舉例而言,4-甲基戊-1-基為包含甲基之C6
脂族基團,該甲基為作為烷基之官能基。類似地,4-硝基丁-1-基為包含硝基之C4
脂族基團,該硝基為官能基。脂族基團可為包含一或多個鹵素原子之鹵烷基,該等鹵素原子可相同或不同。鹵素原子包括(例如)氟、氯、溴及碘。包含一或多個鹵素原子之脂族基團包括烷基鹵:三氟甲基、溴二氟甲基、氯二氟甲基、六氟亞異丙基、氯甲基、二氟亞乙烯基、三氯甲基、溴二氯甲基、溴乙基、2-溴三亞甲基(例如,-CH2
CHBrCH2
-)及其類似基團。脂族基團之其他實例包括烯丙基、胺基羰基(亦即,-CONH2
)、羰基、2,2-二氰基亞異丙基(亦即,-CH2
C(CN)2
CH2
-)、甲基(亦即,-CH3
)、亞甲基(亦即,-CH2
-)、乙基、伸乙基、甲醯基(亦即,-CHO)、己基、六亞甲基、羥基甲基(亦即,-CH2
OH)、巰基甲基(亦即,-CH2
SH)、甲硫基(亦即,-SCH3
)、甲硫基甲基(亦即,-CH2
SCH3
)、甲氧基、甲氧基羰基(亦即,CH3
OCO-)、硝基甲基(亦即,-CH2
NO2
)、硫基羰基、三甲基矽烷基(亦即,(CH3
)3
Si-)、第三丁基二甲基矽烷基、3-三甲氧基矽烷基丙基(亦即,(CH3
O)3
SiCH2
CH2
CH2
-)、乙烯基、亞乙烯基及其類似基團。進一步舉例而言,C1
-C10
脂族基團含有至少一個但不多於10個碳原子。甲基(亦即,CH3
-)為C1
脂族基團之一實例。癸基(亦即,CH3
(CH2
)9
-)為C10
脂族基團之一實例。
本文所列之任何數值包括以一單位為增量的自較低值至較高值中之任何值,其限制條件為在任何較低值與任何較高值之間存在至少2單位之間隔。舉例而言,若規定組份之量或製程變數(例如,溫度、壓力、時間及其類似變數)之值為(例如)1至90,較佳20至80,更佳30至70,則希望將諸如15至85、22至68、43至51、30至32等之值明確地列舉於本說明書中。對於小於一之值而言,若適當,則將一單位視為0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。此等值僅為所特別希望之值之實例,且所列舉之最低值與最高值之間的數值的所有可能組合將被視為係以類似方式清楚地規定於本申請案中。
化學品及試劑自Aldrich獲得化學品及試劑。藉由Fisher Scientific(100-200目)或Aldrich(60-350目)矽膠、Isco之預裝矽膠管柱來進行急驟層析。在市售之預塗佈玻璃片(Analtech,GF,250微米)上進行薄層層析。
一般方法在裝配有Polymer Laboratories尺寸排除管柱(PLgel 5 μm MIXED-C,在40℃下保持為300x7.5 mm)之Perkin Elmer Series 200 GPC上使用具有3.6%(體積/體積)之異丙醇的氯仿作為移動相來測定相對於聚苯乙烯標樣之分子量。在Bruker 400或Bruker Advance 500譜儀上量測NMR譜。
合成以如流程1中所示之兩步製程(將溴基-二甲氧基苯添加至咔唑,接著對甲氧基脫保護以生成二羥基化合物)來進行N-(1,3-間苯二酚)咔唑與N-對苯二酚咔唑之合成。可藉由Pd催化程序或使用CuI作為催化劑來達成N-芳基化。藉由典型程序來合成縮聚反應。
向三頸圓底燒瓶中添加溴基-3,5-二甲氧基苯(1.54 g,7.1 mmol)、咔唑(1.186 g,7.1 mmol)、磷酸鉀(3 g,14.2 mmol)及碘化銅(0.14 g,0.7 mmol)。添加二噁烷(40 ml)及反應燒瓶。以氬來排空及沖洗該燒瓶。接著將二甲基乙二胺(0.14 g,1.6 mmol)添加至在氬之強淨化下的反應燒瓶中。接著在氬蒙氣下在95℃下將反應混合物加熱48 h。該反應由TLC跟蹤。在反應完成後,使溶液冷卻至室溫,且添加10 mL之H2
O。以二氯甲烷來萃取反應混合物,且分離有機相與水相。進一步以100 mL之水(x2)來沖洗有機相兩次且以100 mL之鹽水(x1)沖洗有機相一次,且使其經由Na2
SO4
乾燥。在真空下移除溶劑後,得到粗產物。將粗產物溶解於CH2
Cl2
中,且添加己烷,直至沈澱出有色殘餘物為止。過濾該溶液以移除有色殘餘物。將母液濃縮以得到1.0 g(46.5%)之淡黃色油作為產物。1
H NMR(CDCl3
)δ 7.98(d,2H)、7.35(d,2H)、7.23(d,2H)、7.11(t,2H)、6.6(s,2H)、6.43(s,1H)、3.65(s,6H)。EI-MS:303(M+)。
在裝配有攪拌棒之500 mL圓底燒瓶中,將31.3 g之化合物1(103 mmol)添加至200 mL之無水CH2
Cl2
中。在乾冰-丙酮浴中冷卻該溶液。經由注射器將三溴化硼(180 mmol,180 mL,CH2
Cl2
中之1 M溶液)逐滴添加至該溶液中。在乾冰浴中使燒瓶進一步冷卻且使其與室溫平衡隔夜。在反應完成後,將溶液傾析至100 mL之冰水中,同時進行攪拌。在30分鐘之水解後,以200 mL之CH2
Cl2
萃取有機層兩次。接著以200 mL之冷水沖洗有機層兩次以中和任何過量之BBr3
。以硫酸鈉來乾燥溶液,且使用旋轉蒸發器來使溶劑蒸發以得到粗產物。以THF/己烷進行再結晶,得到12.74 g(44.98%)產物,隨後將其用於後續聚合反應。1
H NMR(CDCl3
)δ 8.15(d,2H)、7.52(d,2H)、7.44(t,2H)、7.32(t,2H)、6.66(s,2H)、6.47(s,1H)。
在此處使用溴基-2,5-二甲氧基苯作為反應物中之一者遵照實例1中所描述之程序。
使用化合物4作為起始物質遵照實例2中所描述之程序。
在氮蒙氣下將0.3969 g(1.441 mmol)之化合物2與0.2956 g(1.456 mmol)之1,4-對苯二醯氯及4 mL之無水CHCl3
添加具有磁性攪拌棒之乾燥圓底燒瓶中。將所得乳狀溶液浸入冰鹽浴中15分鐘且接著使用注射器添加0.533 mL之無水三乙胺。溶液立即變得澄清。使該混合物維持於0-5℃下且攪拌1 h,使其溫熱至室溫,且再攪拌1 h。接著,添加0.0032 g之枯基苯酚。接著以5 mL之CH2
Cl2
來稀釋該混合物,且以相等體積之1 N HCl及水連續沖洗該混合物兩次。使該溶液在40 mL之甲醇中沈澱。將所收集之聚合物再溶解於10 mL之CH2
Cl2
中,且將此溶液緩慢添加至100 mL之沸騰去離子水中。再次收集固體、將其風乾、再溶解於新鮮之CH2
Cl2
(4 mL)中且使其在甲醇中再沈澱。在80℃下在真空烘箱中使所得聚合物(0.3747 g)乾燥隔夜。GPC分析指示聚合物具有4241之重量平均分子量Mw
及1.61之聚合度分佈指數PDI。
向裝配有磁性攪拌棒、在氮蒙氣下之乾燥反應容器中添加添加化合物2(0.2750 g,1 mmol)、BPA-雙氯代甲酸酯(0.353 g,1 mmol)及4 mL之無水CH2
Cl2
。將所得乳狀溶液浸入冰鹽浴中15分鐘且接著添加0.37 mL之無水三乙胺。溶液立即變得澄清。使該混合物維持於0-5℃下且攪拌1 h,使其溫熱至室溫,且攪拌隔夜。接著以10 mL之CH2
Cl2
稀釋混合物,添加15 mL之10% NaHCO3
,且攪拌該混合物10分鐘且接著將其轉移至分液漏斗中。棄去水相,且以相等體積之1 N HCl(一次)及水(兩次)連續地沖洗有機相。接著將溶液在40 mL之甲醇中沈澱。將所收集之聚合物再溶解於10 mL之CH2
Cl2
中,且將此溶液緩慢添加至1000 mL之沸騰去離子水中。再次收集固體、將其風乾、再溶解於新鮮之CH2
Cl2
(12 mL)中且使其再次在甲醇中再沈澱。在80℃下在真空烘箱中使所得聚合物(0.26 g)乾燥隔夜。GPC分析指示聚合物具有7362之重量平均分子量Mw
及1.68之聚合度分佈指數PDI。
將0.5506 g(20 mmol)之化合物2及0.4146 g之K2
CO3
置於50 mL之三頸圓底燒瓶中,向其中添加7 mL之DMAc及4 mL之甲苯。該反應燒瓶裝配有頂置式攪拌器及迪安-斯脫克分水器(Dean-stark trap)。將反應混合物加熱至130℃以移除甲苯。在移除所有甲苯後,添加二氟二苯碸(0.5085 g,20 mmol)連同4 mL之甲苯。繼續進行甲苯蒸餾。在移除所有甲苯後,使反應溫度增加至150℃。在4個小時後,反應停止,且將反應混合物在甲醇(1:10(體積/體積)比率)中沈澱。收集粉末且將其再溶解於10 mL之CHCl3
中且使其在甲醇沈澱。收集到110 mg之粉末。GPC分析指示聚合物具有4103之重量平均分子量Mw
及1.26之聚合度分佈指數PDI。
壽命衰落量測之一般程序使用裝配有低溫R928光電倍增管之Edinburgh CD920譜儀來量測三重激發態之壽命。典型程序係將樣本置放於真空杜瓦瓶中且接著將其抽空至4*10E-5
托。接著以脈衝二極體雷射(類別HIB,390-420 nm,最大功率5 mW)在394 nm下光學激勵樣本。在470 nm處量測時間解析發射光譜。用於此任務中之聚苯乙烯(PS)為自Aldrich獲得之GPC標樣(Mw
=18,700)且將其按接收到之狀態使用。聚(9-乙烯基咔唑)(PVK)(Mw
~1,100,000)係自Aldrich獲得。雙(2-(4,6-二氟苯基)吡啶根-N,C2
)銥(III)(FIrpic)係自American Dye Sources,Inc.Quebec,Canada獲得。
樣本製備:以下列方式製備用於此實驗之樣本:
藉由將0.020 ml之0.5重量% FIrpic(2 ml THF中10 mg之FIrpic)與THF中1重量% PS(1.0 ml)混合來製備PS中1重量% FIrpic的混合物。藉由將該溶液旋塗於預清潔之石英基板上來獲得薄膜樣本[PS:FIrpic]。
藉由將0.020 ml之0.5重量% FIrpic(1ml THF中10 mg之FIrpic)與1.0 ml之1重量% 62-90(1 ml THF中10 mg之62-90)混合來製備來自實例6之聚合物中1重量% FIrpic的混合物。藉由將該溶液旋塗於預清潔之石英基板上來獲得薄膜樣本。
藉由將0.020 ml之0.5重量% FIrpic(1 ml THF中10 mg之FIrpic)與THF中1重量% PVK(1.0 ml)混合來製備聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)中1重量% FIrpic的混合物。藉由將該溶液旋塗於預清潔之石英基板上來獲得薄膜樣本。
圖1展示包含來自實例6之共聚碳酸酯之裝置及包含聚苯乙烯之裝置的時間解析光致發光光譜。磷光染料FIrpic在分散於實例6之共聚碳酸酯(虛線)中時相對於絕緣聚苯乙烯(實線)具有相當之三重態衰落概況(或等效衰落壽命),指示無能量自染料FIrpic轉移回至聚合物主體。因此,本發明之聚合物適合用作藍色磷光OLED中FIrpic之主體材料。圖2展示包含聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)之裝置及包含聚苯乙烯之裝置的時間解析光致發光光譜。來自包含聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)(虛線)之裝置的光譜展現遠快於包含聚苯乙烯(實線)之裝置的衰落概況,指示有能量自FIrpic轉移回至聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)。
圖1包含來自實例6之聚合物之裝置(虛線)及包含聚苯乙烯之裝置(實線)的時間解析光致發光光譜。
圖2包含聚(N-乙烯基咔唑)之裝置(虛線)及包含聚苯乙烯之裝置(實線)的時間解析光致發光光譜。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (6)
- 一種發光裝置,其包含:至少一電極,至少一電洞注入層,至少一發光層;其中該發光層包含具有結構單元II之聚合物:
- 如請求項1之發光裝置,其中該聚合物係選自由聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚醚、聚醚醯亞胺、聚芳基醚酮、聚芳基醚碸及聚酯碳酸酯組成之群。
- 如請求項1之發光裝置,其中該R3 及該R5 係獨立地選自由三苯基矽烷基、第三丁基、氧化二苯基膦及硫化二苯基膦組成之群。
- 如請求項1之發光裝置,其中a、b及d為0。
- 如請求項1之發光裝置,其中該聚合物包含具有下式之結構單元:
- 如請求項1之發光裝置,其中該聚合物、高度分支物質及樹枝狀聚合物包含具有下式之結構單元:
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