TWI432201B - 11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物用於治療週邊血管疾病之用途 - Google Patents
11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物用於治療週邊血管疾病之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI432201B TWI432201B TW095107144A TW95107144A TWI432201B TW I432201 B TWI432201 B TW I432201B TW 095107144 A TW095107144 A TW 095107144A TW 95107144 A TW95107144 A TW 95107144A TW I432201 B TWI432201 B TW I432201B
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於一種於哺乳動物對象中使用特定前列腺素化合物處理週邊血管疾患之方法。本發明亦關於該方法中所使用之組成物。
血管疾患經常為血管系統中灌注減少或為血管之物理性或生物化學性傷害之結果。
週邊血管疾患(PVD)係界定為經常因肢體血管窄化而遭遇之血管疾患。此病症有兩種主要之類型:功能性疾患,其未涉及血管缺陷但係由刺激(例如冷、壓力、或抽煙)造成;以及器官性疾患,其係由脈管系統之結構性缺陷(例如動脈粥狀硬化病灶、局部發炎、或創傷性傷害)造成。此會造成血管閉塞、異常之血流,最終造成組織缺血。
多種臨床上顯著之PVD類型之一者為週邊動脈疾患(PAD)。PAD經常係以血管修復術及植入支架或藉由動脈繞道手術處理。臨床表現係根據閉塞之血管的位置而定。例如,供給血液至腸道之動脈窄化時會於下腹部造成嚴重之餐後疼痛,此係由於該閉塞之血管無法因應由消化及吸收過程產生之增加氧氣之需求。嚴重會造成缺血而使腸壞死。類似地,腿部之PAD會造成陣痛,通常發生於小腿,其伴隨活動而來及消失。已知此病症為間歇性跛行(intermittent claudication;IC)且會發展成休息時持續疼痛、缺血性潰瘍、甚至截肢。
週邊血管疾患亦表現於腎動脈之動脈粥狀硬化性狹窄,其會造成腎缺血及腎功能障礙。
血管疾患及其併發症中一種非常普遍之疾患為糖尿病。
糖尿病可造成多種生理及解剖上之不規則性,最顯著者為身體無法正常地利用葡萄糖,而造成高血糖症。慢性糖尿病會造成血管系統之併發症,其包含動脈粥狀硬化、涉及大型及中型血管之異常(大血管病變)及涉及小血管(例如小動脈及微血管)之異常(小血管病變)。
糖尿病病患具有發展出一種或多種足部潰瘍之較高風險,因為建立該疾患之長期併發症,係包含損害神經功能(神經病變)及/或缺血。
局部組織缺血為糖尿病足部潰瘍之重要構成因子。除了大量的血管疾患外,糖尿病病患以至少兩種其他方式進一步受到其皮膚灌注之威脅。第一,藉由涉及非-導管動脈,其受到動脈粥狀硬化過程之不利的影響。第二,可能更重要地,藉由損害微循環控制機制(小血管疾患)。正常下,當身體部分受到某些類型之創傷,身體部分會表現出血流增加,其為身體治癒機制之部分。當小血管疾患及缺血存在時,如許多糖尿病之例子中,此自然增加之血流反應顯著地降低。相信此事實,與糖尿病於低程度之血流下易於微循環系統中形成血塊(血栓)之傾向,係為潰瘍發病之重要因子。
神經病變為一般用語,係描述造成神經系統功能障礙之疾患過程,其為糖尿病之主要併發症之一種,且於其症狀治療或預防神經功能逐漸下降方面未建立良好之療法。
由糖尿病造成之微細血管增厚及滲漏主要會影響眼睛(視網膜病變)及腎臟(腎病變)。由糖尿病造成之微細血管增厚及滲漏亦與皮膚病症及神經系統病症(神經病變)有關。與糖尿病有關之眼睛疾患為非增生性糖尿病視網膜病變、增生性糖尿病視網膜病變、糖尿病黄斑病變、青光眼、白內障等。
儘管未知與糖尿病有關,其他之疾患其週邊血管系統之生理作用係類似的。此等疾患包含雷諾氏症候群(Raynaud syndrome)、CREST症候群、自體免疫疾患(例如紅斑(erythematosis))、風濕性疾患等。
前列腺素(後文中,稱為PG(s))為有機羧酸類之成員,其包含於人類或其它哺乳類之組織或器官中,且展現廣大範圍之生理活性。於自然界中發現之PGs(初級前列腺素)通常具有式(A)所示之前列腺酸骨架:
另一方面,若干初級PGs之合成類似物具有經修飾之骨架。根據五員環部分的結構,初級PGs可分類為PGAs、PGBs、PGCs、PGDs、PGEs、PGFs、PGGs、PGHs、PGIs及PGJ-s,又藉碳鏈部分之未飽和鍵結數目及鍵結位置可進一步分成以下三類:種類1:13,14-未飽和-15-OH種類2:5,6-以及3,14-二未飽和-15-OH種類3:5,6-、13,14-及17,18-三未飽和-15-OH。
此外,PGFs根據9-位置之羥基組態可分成α-型(羥基為α-組態)以及β-型(羥基為β-組態)。
已知PGE1
與PGE2
及PGE3
具有血管擴張、降血壓、減低胃分泌、增強腸道活動、子宮收縮、利尿、支氣管擴張以及抗潰瘍活性。已知PGF1 α
、PGF2 α
及PGF3 α
具有升高血壓、血管收縮、增強腸道活動、子宮收縮、黃體萎縮及支氣管縮窄等活性。
已知某些15-酮(亦即,於15-位置具有酮基以取代羥基)-PGs與13,14-二氫(亦即,於13及14-位置間具有單鍵)-15-酮-PGs為初級PGs代謝時由酵素作用所自然產生之物質。
Ueno等人之美國專利第6,197,821號說明某些15-酮-PG化合物為內皮素(endothelin)之拮抗劑,內皮素被認為與高血壓、伯格氏症(Buerger disease)、氣喘、眼底症(eyegrounds disease)等相關(該引用之文獻係以參考資料合併於本文)。
美國專利第6,197,821號指出當13-及14-位置間之鍵結飽和時,有時可藉由於11-位置之羥基與15-位置之酮基間形成半縮醛而形成酮-半縮醛平衡(該引用之文獻係以參考資料合併於本文)。
Ueno等人之美國專利第5,317,032號說明前列腺素化合物瀉藥,其包含雙環互變異構物之存在;以及Ueno之美國專利第6,414,016號說明該雙環互變異構物具有如所宣稱之活性而作為抗-便秘劑(該引用之文獻係以參考資料合併於本文)。可採用小劑量之雙環互變異構物,其經一個或多個鹵原子取代,以緩解便秘。尤其,於C-16位置可採用氟原子,以小劑量緩解便秘。
目前週邊血管疾患所使用之口服藥包含西洛他唑(cilostazol)(商業名稱:Pletaal)以及具有血管舒張作用及抗血小板作用之前列腺素(PG)製劑(商業名稱:Dorner、Opalmon等);主要具有抗血小板作用之噻氯匹定(ticlopidine)(商業名稱:Panaldine);沙格雷酯(sarpogrelate)(商業名稱:Anplag);及二十碳五烯酸乙酯(ethyl icosapentate)(商業名稱:Epadel),其亦適用於高血脂症。其具有不同之作用機制,故根據病狀可能需要組合使用二或三種製劑。尤其於中等程度之疾病中,更可使用多重藥物。注射製劑包含前列腺素E1製劑、抗凝血製劑(商業名稱:Argatroban)。其主要係用於中等程度或需要住院治療之更嚴重的疾病。
現有之藥物的功效並不完全令人滿意。尤其,抗血小板劑(例如噻氯匹定或二十碳五烯酸乙酯)之功效較差,可能係因為不明瞭血小板於各病狀中涉及之程度,或該血管舒張作用是否足夠(即使藥物具有此等作用),或是否可選擇性確保缺血位置之血流足夠。
本發明人進行深入研究而發現11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物對週邊血管疾患具有選擇性之顯著功效,因而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係關於於哺乳動物對象中處理週邊血管疾患之方法,其包括對有需要之對象投予有效量之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
本發明係進一步關於於哺乳動物對象中處理週邊血管疾患之組成物,其包括有效量之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
再者,本發明係關於11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物之用途,其係用於製造於哺乳動物對象中處理週邊血管疾患之組成物,其中該組成物包括有效量之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
本發明之另一具體實施例係關於一種於哺乳動物對象中處理受損之週邊血管壁及/或週邊血管內皮細胞之方法,其包括對有需要之對象投予有效量之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
本發明中,不論該五員環之構形、雙鍵之數目、是否存在取代基、或者α或ω鏈中之任何其他修飾,「11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物」(後文稱為「11-去氧基-PG化合物」)可包含於前列腺酸骨架之11-位置未具有取代基之化合物的任何衍生物或類似物(包含經取代之衍生物)。
式(A)顯示C-20碳原子之基本骨架,但本發明非限於此等具有相同數目之碳原子者。式(A)中,構成PG化合物基本骨架之碳原子編號始於羧酸(編號1),α鏈之碳原子朝向五員環分別編號為2至7,環中原子編號為8至12,以及ω鏈中之原子編號為13至20。當α鏈之碳原子數減少時,則從位置2依序刪減編號;而當α鏈之碳原子數增加時,化合物係以取代化合物命名,該取代化合物於位置2具有各取代基來替代羧基(C-1)。同理,當ω鏈之碳原子數減少時,碳原子編號則從位置20依順序刪減;以及當ω鏈之碳原子數增加時,超出位置20之碳原子則以取代基命名。除非另行指明,否則化合物之立體化學同上式(A)之立體化學。
如上述,11-去氧基-PG化合物之命名係以前列腺酸骨架為基準。然而,當化合物有類似前列腺素之部分結構時,可使用「PG」縮寫。因此,α鏈延長兩個碳原子之11-去氧基-PG化合物,換言之α鏈有9個碳原子者,命名為2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-PG化合物。同理,α鏈有11個碳原子之11-去氧基-PG化合物則命名為2-去羧基-2-(4-羧丁基)-11-去氧基-PG化合物。此外,ω鏈延長兩個碳原子之11-去氧基-PG化合物,亦即ω鏈具有10個碳原子者,命名為11-去氧基-20-乙基-PG化合物。但此等化合物也可根據IUPAC命名體系命名。
類似物(包括經取代之衍生物)或衍生物之實例包含:於α鏈末端之羧基經酯化之11-去氧基-PG化合物;α鏈經延長之化合物;其生理上可接受之鹽;於2-3位置有雙鍵或5-6位置有參鍵之化合物;於位置3、5、6、16、17、18、19及/或20帶有取代基之化合物;以及於位置9帶有低碳數烷基或羥(低碳數)烷基以置換羥基之化合物。
根據本發明,於位置3、17、18及/或19之較佳取代基包括含1至4個碳原子之烷基,特別為甲基及乙基。於位置16之較佳取代基包括低碳數烷基(如甲基及乙基)、羥基、鹵原子(如氯及氟),以及芳氧基(例如三氟甲基苯氧基)。於位置17之較佳取代基包括低碳數烷基(如甲基及乙基)、羥基、鹵原子(如氯及氟),芳氧基(如三氟甲基苯氧基)。於位置20之較佳取代基包括飽和或未飽和低碳數烷基(如C1-4烷基)、低碳數烷氧基(如C1-4烷氧基)、以及低碳數烷氧基烷基(如C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷基)。於位置5之較佳取代基包括鹵原子(如氯及氟)。於位置6之較佳取代基包括形成羰基之酮基。於位置9帶有羥基、低碳數烷基或羥(低碳數)烷基取代基之PGs之立體化學可為α、β或其混合物。
此外,前述類似物或衍生物可為於ω鏈末端帶有烷氧基、環烷基、環烷氧基、苯氧基或苯基之化合物,此處該ω鏈比初級PGs更短。
本文中所使用之11-去氧基-PG化合物的命名係根據上式(A)所示之前列腺酸的編號系統。
本發明中所使用之較佳化合物係以式(I)表示:
其中,L及N為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或酮基,其中該五員環可視需要具有至少一個雙鍵;A為-CH3
、-CH2
OH、-COCH2
OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;R1
為飽和或未飽和二價低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴,其為未經取代或經鹵素、烷基、羥基、酮基、芳基或雜環基取代,以及於該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;以及R0
為飽和或未飽和低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴殘基,其為未經取代或經鹵素、酮基、羥基、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基取代;低碳數烷氧基;低碳數烷醯氧基;環(低碳數)烷基;環(低碳數)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;雜環基;雜環-氧基,以及於該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
本發明中所使用之較佳化合物係以式(II)表示:
其中,L及N為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或酮基,其中該五員環可視需要具有至少一個雙鍵;A為-CH3
、-CH2
OH、-COCH2
OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;B為單鍵、-CH2
-CH2
-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-、-CH=CH-CH2
-、-CH2
-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2
-或-CH2
-C≡C-;Z為
其中R4
及R5
為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥(低碳數)烷基,其中R4
及R5
非同時為羥基以及低碳數烷氧基;R1
為飽和或未飽和二價低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴,其為未經取代或經鹵素、烷基、羥基、酮基、芳基或雜環基取代,以及該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;以及Ra為飽和或未飽和低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴殘基,其為未經取代或經鹵素、酮基、羥基、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基取代;低碳數烷氧基;低碳數烷醯氧基;環(低碳數)烷基;環(低碳數)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;雜環基;雜環-氧基,以及於該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
上述化合物中,特佳之化合物係以式(III)表示:
其中,L為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、羥(低碳數)烷基、低碳數烷醯氧基或酮基,其中該五員環可視需要具有至少一個雙鍵;A為-CH3
、-CH2
OH、-COCH2
OH、-COOH或其官能衍生物;B為單鍵、-CH2
-CH2
-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-、-CH=CH-CH2
-、-CH2
-CH=CH-、-C≡C-CH2
-或-CH2
-C≡C-;Z為
其中R4
及R5
為氫、羥基、鹵素、低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基或羥(低碳數)烷基,其中R4
及R5
非同時為羥基以及低碳數烷氧基;X1
及X2
為氫、低碳數烷基、或鹵素;R1
為飽和或未飽和二價低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴,其為未經取代或經鹵素、烷基、羥基、酮基、芳基或雜環基取代,以及該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代;以及R2
為單鍵或低碳數伸烷基;以及R3
為低碳數烷基、低碳數烷氧基、低碳數烷醯氧基、環(低碳數)烷基、環(低碳數)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、雜環基或雜環-氧基,以及該脂肪族烴中之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
上式中,R1
及Ra定義中「未飽和」一詞意圖包括至少一個或多個雙鍵及/或參鍵,其單獨地、分開地、或連續地存在於主鏈及/或分支鏈的碳原子間。根據尋常之命名體系,存在於二連續位置間之未飽和鍵係以兩個位置中較低編號者表示,存在於兩個遠端位置間之未飽和鍵係以兩者的位置表示。
「低碳數或中等碳數脂肪族烴」一詞係指具有1至14個碳原子(對分支鏈而言,以1至3個碳原子為佳)之直鏈或分支鏈烴基,以及R1
較佳為1至10個碳原子,特佳為6至10個碳原子;以及Ra為1至10個碳原子,特佳為1至8個碳原子。
「鹵原子」一詞涵蓋氟、氯、溴及碘。
說明書全文中「低碳數」一詞除非另行載明,否則意圖包括具有1至6個碳原子之基團。
「低碳數烷基」一詞係指含1至6個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈飽和烴基,包括,例如,甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基及己基。
「低碳數伸烷基」一詞係指含1至6個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈二價飽和烴基,包括,例如,伸甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基、伸異丙基、伸丁基、伸異丁基、第三-伸丁基、伸戊基及伸己基。
「低碳數烷氧基」一詞係指低碳數烷基-O-基團,其中該低碳數烷基之定義如前。
「羥(低碳數)烷基」一詞係指如前文定義之低碳數烷基經至少一個羥基取代,例如羥甲基、1-羥乙基、2-羥乙基及1-甲基-1-羥乙基。
「低碳數烷醯氧基」一詞係指以式RCO-O-表示之基團,其中RCO-為由如上定義之低碳數烷基經氧化形成的醯基,例如乙醯基。
「環(低碳數)烷基」一詞係指由如上定義之低碳數烷基(但含有三個或多於三個之碳原子)經環化形成的環狀基團,包括,例如,環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及環己基。
「環(低碳數)烷氧基」一詞係指環(低碳數)烷基-O-基團,其中環(低碳數)烷基定義如前。
「芳基」一詞可包括未經取代或經取代之芳香族烴環(較佳為單環基),例如,苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基。取代基之實例為鹵原子及鹵(低碳數)烷基,其中該鹵原子及低碳數烷基定義如前。
「芳氧基」一詞係指以式ArO-表示的基團,其中Ar為前文定義之芳基。
「雜環基」一詞可包括單環至三環,較佳為單環系雜環基,其為5至14,較佳為5至10員環,其具有視需要經取代之碳原子以及1至4,較佳為1至3個1或2種類型之選自氮原子、氧原子及硫原子之雜原子。雜環基之實例包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、唑基、異唑基、噻唑基、異噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、呋呫基、哌喃基、吡啶基、嗒基、嘧啶基、吡基、2-吡咯啉基、吡咯啶基、2-咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、2-吡唑啉基、吡唑啶基、哌啶基、哌基、嗎啉基、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、嘌呤基、喹唑啉基、咔唑基、吖啶基、啡啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、啡噻基。此種情況下,取代基之實例包括鹵素,以及經鹵素取代之低碳數烷基,其中該鹵原子及低碳數烷基之定義如前。
「雜環-氧基」一詞係指以式HcO-表示之基團,其中Hc為如前文定義之雜環基。
A之「官能衍生物」一詞包括鹽類(較佳為醫藥上可接受之鹽類)、醚類、酯類及醯胺類。
適當的「醫藥可接受之鹽類」包括習用之無毒鹽類,例如與無機鹼生成之鹽類,如鹼金屬鹽(例如鈉鹽及鉀鹽)、鹼土金屬鹽(例如鈣鹽及鎂鹽)、銨鹽;或與有機鹼生成之鹽,例如,胺鹽(例如甲胺鹽、二甲胺鹽、環己胺鹽、苯甲胺鹽、哌啶鹽、乙二胺鹽、乙醇胺鹽、二乙醇胺鹽、三乙醇胺鹽、參(羥甲胺基)乙烷鹽、單甲基-單乙醇胺鹽、普羅卡因(procaine)鹽及咖啡因鹽)、鹼性胺基酸鹽(例如精胺酸鹽及離胺酸鹽)、四烷基銨鹽等。此等鹽類可藉習知方法製備,例如由對應酸與鹼製備或經由鹽的互換製備。
醚類之實例包括烷基醚類,例如,低碳數烷基醚類,如甲醚、乙醚、丙醚、異丙醚、丁醚、異丁醚、第三丁醚、戊醚及1-環丙基乙醚;以及中等碳數或高碳數烷基醚類,如辛醚、二乙基己醚、月桂醚及鯨蠟醚;未飽和醚類,如油醚以及次亞麻醚;低碳數烯基醚類,如乙烯醚、烯丙醚;低碳數炔基醚類,如乙炔醚及丙炔醚;羥(低碳數)烷基醚類,如羥乙醚及羥異丙醚;低碳數烷氧基(低碳數)烷基醚類,如甲氧基甲醚及1-甲氧基乙醚;視需要經取代之芳基醚類,如苯醚、甲苯磺醯醚、第三丁基苯醚、水楊醯醚、3,4-二-甲氧基苯醚以及苯甲醯胺基苯醚;以及芳基(低碳數)烷基醚類,如苯甲醚、三苯甲醚及二苯甲醚。
酯類之實例包括脂肪族酯類,例如,低碳數烷基酯類,如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、異丙酯、丁酯、異丁酯、第三丁酯、戊酯及1-環丙基乙酯;低碳數烯基酯類,如乙烯酯及烯丙酯;低碳數炔基酯類,如乙炔酯及丙炔酯;羥(低碳數)烷基酯類,如羥乙酯;低碳數烷氧基(低碳數)烷基酯類,如甲氧甲酯及1-甲氧乙酯;以及視需要經取代之芳基酯類,例如,苯酯、甲苯酯、第三丁苯酯、水楊酸酯、3,4-二-甲氧苯酯以及苯甲醯胺基苯酯;以及芳基(低碳數)烷基酯,例如苯甲酯、三苯甲酯及二苯甲酯。
A之醯胺表示由式-CONR’R”表示之基團,其中R’及R”各自為氫原子、低碳數烷基、芳基、烷基-或芳基-磺醯基、低碳數烯基及低碳數炔基,以及包括例如低碳數烷基醯胺類,如甲醯胺、乙醯胺、二甲醯胺及二乙醯胺;芳基醯胺類,如苯胺及甲苯醯胺(toluidide);以及烷基-或芳基磺醯胺類,如甲基磺醯胺、乙基磺醯胺及甲苯基磺醯胺。
L之較佳實例包括羥基或具有特稱為PGF或PGE型之5員環結構的酮基。
A之較佳實例為-COOH、其醫藥可接受之鹽、酯或醯胺。
B之較佳實例為-CH2
-CH2
-,其提供所謂的13,14-二氫型結構。
X1
及X2
之較佳實例為氫,或其中至少一者為鹵素,更佳為其兩者皆為鹵素,尤其,氟可提供所謂的16,16-二氟型結構。
較佳之R1
為含1至10個碳原子,較佳6至10碳個原子之烴。此外,脂肪族烴之至少一個碳原子係視需要經氧、氮或硫取代。
R1
之實例包括,例如,下列基團:-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH=CH-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH=CH-,-CH2
-C≡C-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH(CH3
)-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-O-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH=CH-CH2
-O-CH2
-,-CH2
-C≡C-CH2
-O-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH=CH-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH=CH-,-CH2
-C≡C-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
--CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH(CH3
)-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH=CH-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH=CH-,-CH2
-C≡C-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-,-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH2
-CH(CH3
)-CH2
-。
較佳之Ra為含1至10個碳原子,更佳為1至8碳個原子之烴。Ra可具有一或二個帶有一個碳原子之支鏈。較佳之R2
為單鍵,以及較佳之R3
為低碳數烷基。R3
可具有一或二個帶有一個碳原子之支鏈。
上式(I)、(II)及(III)中該環與α鏈及/或ω鏈之組態可與初級PGs之組態相同或相異。然而,本發明亦包括具有初級型組態之化合物與非初級型組態化合物之混合物。
本發明化合物之典型的實例為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGF化合物、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGF化合物、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGF化合物、或11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE或PGF化合物及其衍生物或類似物。本發明化合物較佳之實例為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE1
、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1
異丙酯、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1
、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1
、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
甲酯、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1
異丙酯或11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 α
異丙酯。
本發明中,任一種異構物,例如個別互變異構物、其混合物、或光學異構物、其混合物、外消旋混合物、及其它立體異構物皆可用於相同目的。
本發明中所使用之某些化合物可藉USP第5,073,569、5,166,174、5,221,763、5,212,324、與5,739,161及6,242,485號所揭示之方法製備(此等引用之參考文獻以參考資料合併於本文)。
根據本發明,哺乳動物對象可藉由投予上述化合物由利用本發明予以治療。該對象可為包括人類之任何哺乳動物對象。該化合物可全身性或局部性施用。通常,該化合物係藉由經口投予、經鼻內投予、吸入投予、靜脈注射(包括輸注)投予、皮下注射投予、直腸內投予、陰道內投予、經皮投予、經眼局部投予(例如眼周(例如,subTenon’s)、結膜下、眼內、玻璃體內(intravitreal)、眼房內(intracameral)、網膜下、脈絡膜上腔及眼球後投予)等而進行投予。
劑量係依據動物種系、年齡、體重、欲治療的症狀、期望療效、投藥途徑、治療期長短等改變。每日全身性投予1至4次或以每日0.000001至500毫克/公斤,較佳為0.00001至100毫克/公斤之量連續投藥可獲得滿意的效果。
該化合物較佳係調配成適合以習知方式投藥之醫藥組成物。該組成物可適合供口服投藥、注射或輸注,以及該組成物可為外用製劑、栓劑或子宮塞劑。
本發明組成物可進一步含有生理上可接受之添加劑。該添加劑可包括與本發明化合物一起使用之成分,例如賦形劑、稀釋劑、填充劑、溶解劑、潤滑劑、佐劑、黏結劑、崩解劑、塗覆劑、包囊劑、軟膏基質、栓劑基質、氣霧劑、乳化劑、分散劑、懸浮劑、增稠劑、張力調節劑、緩衝劑、鎮靜劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、矯味劑、調味劑、著色劑、功能性物質(例如環糊精)、以及生物可降解之聚合物、安定劑。添加劑為業界眾所周知者且可選自製藥之一般參考書所述者。
前文界定之化合物於本發明組成物之含量係依據組成物之配方而異,通常可為0.000001至10.0%,較佳為0.00001至5.0%,最佳為0.0001至1%。
口服投藥用的固體組成物之實例包括錠劑、片劑、舌下錠、膠囊、丸劑、粉劑、粒劑等。該固體組成物可經由混合一種或多種活性成分與至少一種無活性稀釋劑而製備。該組成物可進一步含有無活性稀釋劑以外之添加劑,例如,潤滑劑、崩解劑及安定劑。若需要,錠劑及丸劑可包覆腸衣或胃腸膜。
該組成物可經兩層或多於兩層之包覆。其亦可吸附至持續釋放材料,或接受微包囊。此外,該組成物可利用易分解材料(例如明膠)予以包囊。其可進一步溶解於適當溶劑(如脂肪酸或脂肪酸之單、二或三酸甘油酯)而製作成軟膠囊。舌下錠可於需要迅速作用性時使用。
口服投藥用之液體組成物之實例包括乳液、溶液、懸浮液、糖漿以及酏劑等。該組成物可進一步含有習用之無活性稀釋劑,如純水或乙醇。該組成物可含有無活性稀釋劑(例如佐劑)以外之其它添加劑,例如濕潤劑及懸浮劑、甜味劑、調味劑、香料及防腐劑。
本發明組成物可呈噴霧組成物形式,其含有一種或多種活性成分且可根據已知方法製備。
非口服投藥用之本發明之注射用組成物之實例包括無菌水性或非水性溶液、懸浮液及乳液。
水性溶液或懸浮液用之稀釋劑包括,例如,注射用蒸餾水、生理食鹽水及林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution)。
溶液及懸浮液用之非水性稀釋劑可包括,例如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油類(如橄欖油),醇類(如乙醇)及聚山梨醇酯。該組成物可進一步包含添加劑,例如防腐劑、濕潤劑、乳化劑、分散劑等。其可經由例如細菌留滯過濾器予以過濾、混入消毒殺菌劑、或利用氣體或放射性同位素照射滅菌等方法滅菌。
注射用組成物亦可以無菌粉末組成物提供,並將其在使用前溶解於無菌注射用溶劑。
外用製劑之實例包括皮膚科及耳鼻喉科領域中所使用之所有外用製劑,包括軟膏、乳膏、洗劑及噴霧劑。
本發明之化合物亦可藉由眼液、眼部滴劑、眼藥膏等形式施用。該形式包括眼科領域中眼睛局部投藥所使用之所有調配物。
眼液或眼部滴劑係經由將活性成分溶解於無菌水溶液(例如鹽水及緩衝溶液)而製備,或經由於使用前組合欲使之溶解的粉末組成物而製備。眼藥膏係經由將活性成分混合入基質而製備。該調配物可根據任何習知方法予以製備。
滲透壓調整劑可為眼科領域中之任一習用者。滲透壓調整劑之實例包括,但非限於,氯化鈉、氯化鉀、氯化鈣、重碳酸鈉、碳酸鈉、硫酸鎂、磷酸氫鈉、磷酸二氫鈉、磷酸氫二鉀、硼酸、硼砂、氫氧化鈉、鹽酸、甘露醇、異山梨醇、丙二醇、葡萄糖及甘油。
再者,若需要可於本發明組成物中添加眼科領域所習用之添加劑。此等添加劑包括,例如,緩衝劑(例如,硼酸、磷酸氫鈉及磷酸二氫鈉)、防腐劑(例如,氯化苄烷銨(benzalkonium chloride)、苄索氯銨(benzethonium chloride)及氯丁醇)、增稠劑(例如,醣類,如乳糖及甘露醇、麥芽糖;例如,玻尿酸或其鹽如玻尿酸鈉及玻尿酸鉀;例如,黏多醣類,如硫酸軟骨素;例如,聚丙烯酸鈉、羧乙烯基聚合物及交聯之聚丙烯酸酯),全部皆以參考資料包含於本文。
將本發明組成物製成眼藥膏時,除了上述添加劑外,該組成物可包含常用之眼藥膏基質。此眼藥膏基質包含,但非限於,油性基質如凡士林、液體石蠟、聚乙烯、selen 50、普拉斯提基質(plastibase,為液體石蠟及聚乙烯之混合物)、聚乙二醇或其組合;乳液基質,其具有油相及水相且以界面活性劑乳化;以及水溶性基質如羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧丙基甲基纖維素、以及聚乙二醇。
本發明之組成物可調配成不含防腐劑之無菌之單位劑型。
本發明之另一種形式為栓劑或子宮塞劑,其係經由將活性成分與習知基劑(例如可可脂等可於體溫下軟化之基劑)混合,以及可使用具有適當軟化溫度之非離子性界面活性劑來改善吸收能力。
本文所使用之「處理」一詞係包括任何控制疾患或病情之手段,例如預防、照顧、緩解病情、減退病情以及停止病情的進展等。
本發明使用之化合物在恢復不足之週邊循環、受損之週邊血管壁及/或週邊血管內皮細胞上具有顯著作用。
因此,該化合物有用於治療週邊血管疾患,尤其係週邊血管及微血管疾患。此說明書及申請專利範圍中之週邊血管及微血管疾患可包括視網膜、皮膚、一般循環(general circulation)、腎臟、或週邊或自主神經系統之疾患。所有此等疾患經常係與糖尿病有關,且可能發生與急性或慢性糖尿病併發症有關之症狀。此外,其他疾患,儘管未知其與糖尿病之關聯,於週邊血管系統之生理作用類似者,則此等疾患亦可由本發明之方法有效地予以治療。
本發明亦有用於週邊及自主神經病變或任何其他由小血管疾患及直接由大血管疾患造成之疾患。咸信該方法之功效係因為增加小血管之血流以及保護該血管內皮細胞之故。
本文所使用之「週邊血管疾患」包括任何週邊血管疾患(包含週邊及自主神經病變)。「週邊血管疾患」之實例包含週邊動脈疾患,例如慢性動脈閉塞,包含動脈硬化、閉塞性動脈硬化及閉塞性血栓性脈管炎(伯格氏病(Buerger’s disease))、大血管病變(macroangiopathy)、小血管病變(microangiopathy)、糖尿病、血栓性靜脈炎(thrombophlebitis)、靜脈阻塞(phlebemphraxis)、雷諾氏症(Raynaud’s disease)、雷諾氏症候群、CREST症候群、由震動造成之健康危險、蘇迭克氏症(Sudeck’s disease)、間歇性跛行(intermittent claudication)、四肢冰冷、四肢感覺異常、對冷敏感、梅尼爾氏症(Meniere’s disease)、梅尼爾氏症後群、麻痺、感覺缺失、知覺缺失、靜止疼痛(resting pain)、灼性神經痛(灼熱痛)、週邊循環功能之失調、神經功能之失調、運動功能之失調、運動性麻痺(motor paralysis)、糖尿病性週邊循環病症、腰椎管狹窄(lumbar spinal canal stenosis)、糖尿病性神經病變、休克、自體免疫疾患(如紅斑(erythematosis))、風濕性疾患及風濕性關節炎、自主神經病變、糖尿病性自主神經病變、自主失衡(autonomic imbalance)、起立性低血壓(orthostatic hypotension)、勃起功能障礙、女性性功能障礙、逆向射精(retrograde ejaculation)、膀胱病變(cystopathy)、神經性膀胱功能異常(neurogenic bladder)、陰道潤滑功能不全(defective vaginal lubrication)、運動耐受力缺乏(exercise intolerance)、心臟去神經症(cardiac denervation)、怕熱(heat intolerance)、味覺性出汗(gustatory sweating)、糖尿病併發症、高血糖症、低血糖無自覺症(hypoglycemia unawareness)、低血糖無反應症;青光眼、新生血管性青光眼、白內障、視網膜病變、糖尿病性視網膜病變、糖尿病性黄斑病變、視網膜動脈阻塞、視網膜之中心動脈閉塞、視網膜靜脈阻塞、黃斑部水腫(macular edema)、年老性黃斑部退化、年老性盤狀黃斑部退化、囊狀黃斑部水腫、眼瞼水腫、視網膜水腫、脈絡膜視網膜病變、新生血管性黄斑病變、葡萄膜炎(uveitis)、虹膜炎(iritis)、視網膜血管炎(retinal vasculitis)、眼內炎(endophthalmitis)、全眼球炎(panophthalmitis)、轉移性眼炎(metastatic ophthalmia)、脈絡膜炎(choroiditis)、視網膜色素上皮炎(retinal pigment epithelitis)、結膜炎(conjunctivitis)、睫狀體炎(cyclitis)、鞏膜炎(scleritis)、表層鞏膜炎(episcleritis)、視神經炎(optic neuritis)、球後視神經炎(retrobulbar optic neuritis)、角膜炎(keratitis)、眼瞼炎(blepharitis)、滲出性視網膜剝離(exudative retinal detachment)、角膜潰瘍(corneal ulcer)、結膜潰瘍(conjunctival ulcer)、慢性錢幣狀角膜炎(chronic nummular keratitis)、點狀上皮角膜炎(Thygeson keratitis)、進行性幕倫氏潰瘍(progressive Mooren’s ulcer)、皮膚損傷、包含足部潰瘍之皮膚潰瘍、糖尿病性潰瘍、燒傷潰瘍、下肢潰瘍、手術後潰瘍、創傷性潰瘍、帶狀皰疹後之潰瘍、輻射潰瘍、藥物引起之潰瘍、凍傷(frostbite)(冷害)、凍瘡(chilblain)、壞疽(gangrene)及突發壞疽、心絞痛(angina pectoris)、變異性血管炎(variant angiitis)、冠狀動脈硬化(慢性缺血性心臟病、無症狀缺血性心臟病、動脈硬化性心血管病)、心肌梗塞、心衰竭、充血性心衰竭及無痛性缺血性心臟病、肺水腫、高血壓、肺動脈高壓;門脈高壓;糖尿病腎病變;褥瘡、腎衰竭。
本發明組成物可包含單一活性成分或二或多種活性成分之組合。於多種活性成分之組合中,考量各成分之療效及安全性,可適當地增加或減少其各別含量。
本發明之醫藥組成物可進一步包含其他醫藥成分,只要該醫藥成分不會與本發明之目的相抵觸即可。
本發明將參照下列實施例予以詳細說明,然而,非欲以該實施例限制本發明之範疇。
測試化合物A:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
測試化合物B:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯
此研究係採用雄性Wistar大鼠(7-週齡)。以腹腔內注射硫仲丁比妥鈉(thiobutabarbital sodium)(80毫克/公斤)將動物麻醉。實驗中以電熱墊將動物之體溫(直腸溫度)維持於約37℃。將右後肢之腳背以脫毛霜脫毛後,利用非接觸型雷射都卜勒效應血流測定儀(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)連續地測量皮膚組織之血流。為了測量平均動脈血壓,將設置於左股動脈之聚乙烯導管連接至結合放大器(AP-641G,Nihon Koden Inc.,Japan)之壓力轉換器(TP-400T,Nihon Koden Inc.,Japan)。記錄該皮膚組織之血流及血壓且利用電腦系統(HEM Ver.3.5,Notocord Systems,France)進行分析。使用注射式幫浦經由聚乙烯導管(逆向插入至自右股動脈分支之尾腹壁動脈)以200微微莫耳/公斤/分鐘之速率將內皮素-1(ET-1)注輸至股動脈15分鐘。於200微微莫耳/公斤/分鐘之注輸結束後,將ET-1之注輸速率降為20微微莫耳/公斤/分鐘,且將經降低之ET-1注輸量維持至此研究結束。經由將ET-1注輸至股動脈中而使皮膚組織血流減少。當皮膚組織血流達到新的穩定程度時(開始注輸ET-1後25至50分鐘),經由設置於左股靜脈之聚乙烯導管在2分鐘內對動物投予體積為1毫升/公斤之載劑或各測試化合物溶液。該測試化合物之投予量為100微克/公斤。於投予載劑或各測試溶液後,持續測量皮膚組織血流及血壓且每5分鐘記錄一次達60分鐘。
如第1A及1B圖所示,經由股動脈注輸ET-1,於開始注輸ET-1後之25至50分鐘之間該皮膚組織血流降低至基礎值之約37%。經由載劑處理之該皮膚組織血流並未改變(第1A及1B圖)。
於100微克/公斤之化合物A(11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
)組中,該皮膚組織血流,其因ET-1之注輸而降低至基礎值之約35%,顯著地經由化合物A之投予而增加(第1A圖)。
於100微克/公斤之化合物B(11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯)組中,該皮膚組織血流,其因ET-1之注輸而降低至基礎值之約38%,顯著地經由化合物B之投予而增加(第1B圖)。
血壓未受ET-1注輸之影響。100徵克/公斤之化合物A與化合物B對血壓不會有顯著作用。
測試化合物A:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
此研究使用8隻重量約2.5至3.5公斤之雄性日本白兔(Std:JW/CSK)。研究期間一致地於各動物中相同之眼睛以測試化合物處理且另一眼睛以載劑處理,各處理間具有洗脫期(washout period)。使用微量吸管(Pipetman,Gilson,Inc.,France)將30微升之各測試化合物溶液局部施加至各動物之一眼睛。對側之對照組眼睛則接受等體積之載劑。該等動物每天早上於約相同的時間接受投藥。於投藥前,以及於投藥後1、2、4、6、及8小時,將動物以固定器約束後,對其兩眼施加一滴局部麻醉劑(0.4%鹽酸丁氧普魯卡因(oxybuprocaine hydrochloride))以及以平壓式眼壓計(applanation pneumatonometer)(Model 30 ClassicT M
,Mentor O & O,Inc.,USA)測量眼壓(IOP)。
如表1所示,化合物A可顯著地降低眼壓。
化合物A:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
對7週齡雄性Crl:CD(SD)大鼠單次靜脈注射50毫克/公斤之鏈佐黴素(streptozotocin,STZ)以誘發糖尿病。此研究係使用經STZ處理後第19日之血糖濃度為400毫克/公合或以上之動物。注射STZ三星期後,以腹腔內注射硫仲丁比妥鈉將動物麻醉。實驗中以電熱墊將動物之體溫(直腸溫度)維持於約37℃。將右後肢之腳背以脫毛霜脫毛後,利用非接觸型雷射都卜勒效應血流測定儀(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)連續地測量皮膚組織之血流(CTBF)。同時監測血壓及心率。化合物A或載劑係經由靜脈於10分鐘內投予至動物。
如表2所示,相較於載劑,化合物A可顯著地增加皮膚組織血流。化合物A不會影響血壓(BP)及心率。
化合物A:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
將四月齡之雄性Kbs:J.W.兔子安置於動物房之鋁籠中,控制該動物房之室溫(23至24℃)、相對溼度(55至74%)、換氣率(10至20次/小時)及12小時日-夜週期(照明:7:00 a.m.至7:00 p.m.)。以兔子之固體飼料餵飼動物(120克/動物/日)以及使動物由自動進食系統任意飲水。將動物隔離及適應環境至少6天。期間,進行體重之測量及整體徵象之觀察,而於此研究中採用經評定為健康良好的動物。
於吸入異氟烷而麻醉下,將導管插入至兔子之總頸動脈。將9份經由該導管所得之血液樣本與1份之3.8 w/v%檸檬酸鈉混合。將血液樣本以1,000 rpm離心10分鐘後,自頂層收集富含血小板之血漿(PRP)。然後再將底層以3,000 rpm離心15分鐘,並自頂層收集血小板稀少之血漿(PPP)。利用ADVIA120血液分析系統(ADVIA120,Bayer Medical Ltd.)計算PRP及PPP部分之血小板數。將PRP部分以PPP部分稀釋俾將血小板數調整為約30×104
細胞/微升。將所得之PRP(0.178毫升)置入透明小容器中,以及於37℃之溫浴下預培養5分鐘。於該PRP中加入含有前列腺素E1或化合物A之測試溶液(0.022毫升)。1分鐘後,加入25 μ M之ADP溶液(0.022毫升)以及利用血小板凝集測量裝置(NBS hematolaser,Nikko Bioscience Inc.)測量血小板凝集程度。對於各測試溶液,係於3隻動物之血液樣本中進行雙重測試。藉由比較該測試物質組與載劑對照組(100%)之凝集度來評定抑制率(%)。
如表3所示,前列腺素E1(PGE1
)分別於濃度為1×10- 8
、1×10- 7
及1×10- 6
克/毫升下抑制血小板凝集達20.9%、91.2%及89.0%。另一方面,化合物A於高達所測試之最高濃度(1×10- 5
克/毫升)下顯示不會影響血小板凝集。此結果指出化合物A不會影響血小板凝集。
將雄性Crl:CD(SD)大鼠經由腹腔內注射硫仲丁比妥鈉予以麻醉。實驗中以電熱墊將動物之體溫(直腸溫度)維持於約37℃。將右後肢之腳背以脫毛霜脫毛後,於靜脈投予化合物B(11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE1
)或載劑之前與之後30分鐘,利用非接觸型雷射都卜勒效應血流測定儀(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)測量皮膚組織之血流(CTBF)。亦監測血壓及心率。
如表4所示,相較於以載劑處理,化合物B可顯著地增加皮膚組織血流。化合物B不會影響血壓及心率。
使人類血管內皮細胞培養物生長至匯合(confluence),其係以穿內皮式電阻(transendothelial electrical resistance,TEER)測量。然後將細胞培養於氮氣氛下使細胞培養物缺氧30分鐘。然後將細胞以0.1%之DMSO處理或以5nM化合物A與0.1%之DMSO(最終濃度)之組合處理。於指定時間點藉由TEER測定該細胞密度。
如第2A圖所示,以DMSO處理之細胞顯示出其TEER之恢復非常小。以化合物A處理之細胞顯示出其TEER立即恢復。
該結果證實,受損之TEER,其為內皮細胞之屏障功能的評估值,可經化合物A處理後迅速恢復。
使人類微血管內皮細胞(成人)(HMVEC-AD)生長至匯合。然後將細胞暴露於氮氣氛下30分鐘而後回復至正常大氣。利用螢光素-螢光素酶試驗系統(ATPlite,Perkin Elmer)於指定時間點監測ATP濃度。
如第2B圖所示,當細胞暴露於氮氣氛下時,ATP濃度降低。與僅以0.01% DMSO處理之細胞相比,以5nM化合物A處理之細胞其ATP濃度回復的較快。
將雄性GK/Jcl大鼠(非胰島素依賴型糖尿病之自發性模型)經由腹腔內注射硫仲丁比妥鈉予以麻醉。實驗中以電熱墊將動物之體溫(直腸溫度)維持於約37℃。將右後肢之腳背以脫毛霜脫毛後,於靜脈投予化合物A或載劑之前(基值)與之後20分鐘利用非接觸型雷射都卜勒效應血流測定儀(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)測量皮膚組織之血流(CTBF)。與皮膚組織血流之基值相比,數據係以%表示。
如表5所示,相較於載劑,於自發性糖尿病大鼠中化合物A可顯著地增加皮膚組織血流。
16,16-二氟-PGA 1 苯甲酯(2)之合成
將16,16-二氟-PGE1
苯甲酯(1)(457.8毫克,0.95毫莫耳)溶解於乙酸(13.7毫升,0.24莫耳),以及於80℃攪拌該溶液18小時。將反應混合物冷卻至室溫。於該溶液中加入10毫升甲苯以及於減壓下濃縮。將此操作重複五次以移除乙酸。殘質藉由矽膠管柱層析(矽膠:FL60D(70克),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(2:1))純化而得黃色油狀之化合物(2)。產量:391.6毫克(88.9%)。
11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE 1 (3)之合成
於室溫及大氣壓下,於10%鈀-碳(57.4毫克,以50%w/w水使其潮濕)存在時將16,16-二氟-PGA1
苯甲酯(化合物(2))(382.5毫克,0.83毫莫耳)於乙酸乙酯(10毫升)中氫化2小時。經由矽藻土襯墊過濾該反應混合物,將濾餅以乙酸乙酯洗滌,然後於減壓下濃縮濾液。殘質藉由矽膠管柱層析(矽膠BW-300SP(50克,以15% w/w水使其潮濕),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1))純化而得粗化合物(3)(298.5毫克,95.7%)。
將粗化合物(3)與其他批粗化合物組合。然後,將總共約350毫克之粗化合物以製備性HPLC(YMC-Pack D-SIL-5-06 20×250毫米,己烷/2-丙醇/乙酸(250:5:1),20毫升/分鐘)純化而得無色油狀之化合物(3)。產量:297.3毫克(HPLC純化回收率:83.5%)。
1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)δ 0.94(3H,t,J=7.1Hz),1.22-2.29(28H,m),2.34(2H,t,J=7.3Hz),3.65-3.81(1H,m)
1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)δ 13.70,22.40,23.25,24.32,26.28,26.63),27.18,27.58,28.49,29.09,30.39,31.77(t,J=24.4Hz),33.67,37.63,41.05,54.76,72.73(t,J=29.0Hz),124.09(t,J=244.3Hz),179.07,220.79。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,經由上述兩步驟反應可得無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯(化合物(6))。產量:0.285克(第一步驟:96.2%,第二步驟:97.6%,HPLC純化:回收率81.0%)。化合物(6)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第3及4圖。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,可得無色油狀之2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯(化合物(9))。產量:0.402克(第一步驟:94.9%,第二步驟:92.2%,HPLC純化:回收率83.1%)。化合物(9)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第5及6圖。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,得到無色油狀之2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
(化合物(12))。產量:0.696克(第一步驟:95.6%,第二步驟:99.3%,HPLC純化:回收率:87.4%)。化合物(12)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第7及8圖。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,得到無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1
異丙酯(化合物(15))。產量:0.271克(第一步驟:91.4%,第二步驟:97.3%,HPLC純化:回收率:79.0%)。化合物(15)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第9及10圖。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,得到無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1
(化合物(18))。產量:0.637克(第一步驟:93.3%,第二步驟:96.6%,HPLC純化:回收率:73.9%)。化合物(18)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第11及12圖。
根據類似合成例1所述之方法,得到無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1
(化合物(21))。產量:0.401克(第一步驟:90.6%,第二步驟:92.7%,HPLC純化:回收率:29.2%)。化合物(21)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第13及14圖。
將化合物(22)以重氮甲烷酯化而得無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
甲酯(化合物(23))。產量:0.860克(72.9%,以矽膠管柱層析純化後)。化合物(23)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)係顯示於第15及16圖。
將化合物(24)(0.67克,1.66毫莫耳)溶解於DMF(13毫升),以及加入K2
CO3
(460.1毫克,3.33毫莫耳)以及異丙基碘(831微升,8.32毫莫耳)。於室溫下攪拌該溶液2小時。將反應混合物以冰冷卻,加水(10毫升)及鹽水,且以乙酸乙酯(30毫升)萃取。將有機層以鹽水(10毫升)洗滌,以無水硫酸鎂脫水,然後於減壓下濃縮。殘質經矽膠管柱層析純化(矽膠FL60D(50克),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(5:1))而得粗11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1
異丙酯(化合物(25))(0.70克,94.6%)。將粗化合物(25)以製備性HPLC純化而得無色油狀之化合物(25)。產量245.8毫克(35.1%)。化合物(25)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第17及18圖。
將化合物(26)(8.71克,20.2毫莫耳)溶解於1,2-二氯乙烷(70毫升)以及加入1,1’-硫羰基二咪唑(5.41克,30.3毫莫耳)。將溶液於70℃下攪拌1小時。使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,然後於減壓下濃縮。將殘質藉由矽膠管柱層析純化(矽膠BW-300SP(650克),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1))而得淡黃色油狀之化合物(27)(10.61克,97.0%)。
將Bu3
SnH(11.21克,38.5毫莫耳)溶解於甲苯(224毫升),以及加熱回流。於回流溫度下以70分鐘之時間將化合物(27)(10.41克,19.2毫莫耳)於甲苯(208毫升)之溶液滴加至該反應混合物中。然後,使反應混合物冷卻至室溫,於減壓下濃縮而得淡黃色油狀之粗化合物(28)。
將粗化合物(28)(19.2毫莫耳)溶解於THF(52毫升)以及以10分鐘之時間滴加TBAF溶液(1.0M於THF,38.5毫升,38.5毫莫耳)。1小時後,於該溶液中滴加TBAF溶液(1.0M於THF,19.2毫升,19.2毫莫耳)。總共攪拌3.5小時後,於減壓下濃縮該反應混合物。將殘質藉由矽膠管柱層析純化(矽膠BW-300SP(1,000克),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1:1))而得黃色油狀之化合物(29)(4.01克,69.3%)。
藉由斯黄氧化反應(Swern oxidation)以及引入ω-鏈,可自化合物(29)得到化合物(31)。
室溫下於10%鈀-碳存在時將化合物(31)(807.4毫克,1.88毫莫耳)於乙酸乙酯(8毫升)中氫化2小時。經由矽藻土襯墊過濾該反應混合物,以及於減壓下濃縮該濾液而得淡棕色油狀之粗化合物(32)。
將粗化合物(32)(1.88毫莫耳)溶解於EtOH(8毫升)。於室溫下以10分鐘之時間將1N-NaOH溶液(7.4毫升,7.4莫耳)滴加至該溶液中。於室溫下攪拌該反應混合物10小時,然後以冰冷卻。將1N-HCl(7.1毫升)滴加至該反應混合物中以調整pH至約3至4。然後以TBME(30毫升)萃取該反應混合物。將有機層以水(10毫升)及鹽水(10毫升)洗滌,以無水硫酸鎂脫水,然後於減壓下濃縮。殘質經矽膠管柱層析純化(矽膠15%水包含FL-60D(80克),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(2:1))而得淡黃色油狀之化合物(33)(481.4毫克,68.8%)。
根據類似合成例9所述之方法,可自化合物(33)得到無色油狀之11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGF1 α
異丙酯(化合物(34))。產量:166.6毫克(反應步驟:91.9%,HPLC純化:回收率:55.4%)。化合物(34)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)及1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)分別顯示於第19及20圖。
第1A圖為顯示於經ET-1誘發之大鼠中化合物A(11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
)對降低之週邊微循環之功效之圖表。該圖表中,數據係以平均±S.E.表示,相較於經載劑處理之對照組,*
p<0.05。CTBF:皮膚組織血流。
第1B圖為顯示於經ET-1誘發之大鼠中化合物B(11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
異丙酯)對降低之週邊微循環之功效之圖表。數據係以平均±S.E.表示,相較於經載劑處理之對照組,*
p<0.05。CTBF:皮膚組織血流。
第2A圖為顯示化合物A對於恢復穿內皮式電阻(Transendothelial Electrical Resistance,TEER)之功效之圖表。使人類血管內皮細胞培養物生長至匯合,其係藉由穿內皮式電阻(TEER)進行測量。然後經由將細胞培養物培養於氮氣氛下使其缺氧30分鐘。然後將細胞以0.1%DMSO處理或以於0.1% DMSO之5nM化合物A處理。藥物處理後,於所有數據點指出統計顯著性。N=10個細胞。
第2B圖為顯示化合物A對於恢復ATP濃度之功效之圖表。使人類微血管內皮細胞(成人)(HMVEC-AD)生長至匯合。然後將細胞暴露於氮氣氛下30分鐘而後回復至正常大氣。利用螢光素-螢光素酶試驗系統(ATPlite,Perkin Elmer)於指定時間點監測ATP濃度。ATP濃度係以相對螢光來表示。於各時間點中,N=6個細胞。
第3圖為合成例2所得之化合物(6)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第4圖為合成例2所得之化合物(6)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第5圖為合成例3所得之化合物(9)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第6圖為合成例3所得之化合物(9)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第7圖為合成例4所得之化合物(12)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第8圖為合成例4所得之化合物(12)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第9圖為合成例5所得之化合物(15)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第10圖為合成例5所得之化合物(15)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第11圖為合成例6所得之化合物(18)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第12圖為合成例6所得之化合物(18)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第13圖為合成例7所得之化合物(21)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第14圖為合成例7所得之化合物(21)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第15圖為合成例8所得之化合物(23)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第16圖為合成例8所得之化合物(23)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第17圖為合成例9所得之化合物(25)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第18圖為合成例9所得之化合物(25)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第19圖為合成例10所得之化合物(34)之1
H-NMR(200MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
第20圖為合成例10所得之化合物(34)之1 3
C-NMR(50MHz,CDCl3
)圖。
Claims (13)
- 一種11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物的用途,其係用於製造用於治療哺乳動物對象之週邊血管疾患之組成物,其中該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物為如下通式(III)所示之化合物:
- 一種11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物的用途,其係用於製造用於處理哺乳動物對象之受損之週邊血管壁之組成物,其中該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物係如申請專利範圍第1項中所述之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
- 一種11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物的用途,其係用於製造用於處理哺乳動物對象之受損之週邊血管內皮細胞之組成物,其中該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物係如申請專利範圍第1項所述之11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之用途,其中,該週邊血管疾 患為週邊動脈疾患。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之用途,其中,該週邊動脈疾患為動脈硬化。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16-單或二鹵素-前列腺素化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16-單或二鹵素-前列腺素化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14- 二氫-15-酮-16-單或二氟-前列腺素化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該11-去氧基-前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16-單或二鹵素-前列腺素E或F化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16-單或二氟-前列腺素E或F化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該前列腺素化合物為11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-前列腺素E1 化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該前列腺素化合物為下列化合物:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE化合物、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGF化合物、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE化合物、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGF化合物、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE化合物、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟PGF化合物、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE化合物、及 11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGF化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至5項中任一項之用途,其中,該前列腺素化合物為下列化合物:11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-16,16-二氟-PGE1 、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 異丙酯、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 異丙酯、2-去羧基-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1 異丙酯、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1 、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1 、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1 甲酯、11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1 異丙酯、及11-去氧基-13,14-二氫-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1α 異丙酯。
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