CN103919783A - 治疗外周血管病的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
治疗外周血管病的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103919783A CN103919783A CN201410148016.7A CN201410148016A CN103919783A CN 103919783 A CN103919783 A CN 103919783A CN 201410148016 A CN201410148016 A CN 201410148016A CN 103919783 A CN103919783 A CN 103919783A
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- prostaglandin compound
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的方法,该方法包括向需要治疗的患者施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
Description
本申请为申请号为200680006989.0的申请的分案申请,优先权为2005年3月4日;国际申请号PCT/JP2006/304667;国际公开号WO2006/093348;国际公开日2006年9月8日。
技术领域
本发明涉及用一种特殊的前列腺素化合物治疗哺乳动物的外周血管病的方法。本发明还涉及可用于该方法的组合物。
背景技术
血管病常常是血管系统中灌注减少或是对血管的物理或生物化学损伤的结果。
外周血管病(PVD)被定义为在四肢的血管变窄时常常遇到的血管疾病。这些疾病有两个主要类型:功能性疾病,它与血管中的缺陷无关,而是由诸如冷、应激或吸烟等刺激造成;以及由脉管系统内的结构缺陷,例如动脉粥样硬化损伤、局部炎症或创伤性损伤,造成的器官性疾病。这会导致血管堵塞,迷行血流,并最终造成组织缺血。
临床上更重要的一种PVD形式是外周动脉病(PAD)。PAD常常利用血管成形术和植入支架或者利用动脉分流术来治疗。临床表现取决于堵塞的血管的位置。例如,向肠供血的动脉变窄会由于堵塞的血管不能满足消化和吸收过程的氧需求增加而产生下腹部严重的餐后疼痛。严重时这种缺血会导致肠坏死。类似地,腿部的PAD能造成间歇性疼痛,经常是在小腿肚,随活动发生和消失。这种疾病被称作间歇性跛行(IC),并且能发展成在休息时持续疼痛,缺血性溃疡,甚至截肢。
外周血管病还表现为肾动脉的粥样硬化性狭窄,它会导致肾缺血和肾功能不良。
血管病及其并发症在其中非常常见的一种疾病是糖尿病。
糖尿病造成多种生理学和解剖学的紊乱,其中最主要的是身体不能正常地利用葡萄糖,这造成高血糖。慢性糖尿病会导致血管系统的并发症,这包括动脉粥样硬化,与大和中等尺寸的血管有关的反常(大血管病变)和与小血管例如小动脉和毛细血管有关的反常(微血管病变)。
糖尿病患者由于该疾病的已确定的长期并发症,包括神经功能受损(神经病变)和/或缺血,其发生一种或多种足部溃疡的危险增高。
局部组织缺血是造成糖尿病足部溃疡的一个关键因素。除了大血管病以外,糖尿病患者的皮肤血液灌注还受到至少两种另外方式的威胁。首先,涉及非导管动脉,它们受到动脉粥样硬化过程的不利影响。其次,或许更重要的,是由于微循环控制机制的损伤(小血管病)。通常,当某个身体部分受到某种形式的创伤时,作为身体愈合机制的一部分,该身体部分将会经受血液流动增加。当存在小血管病和缺血时,例如在多种糖尿病的情形,这种自然增加的血流响应显著减小。这一事实,与糖尿病在低水平血流期间于微循环系统中形成血块(血栓形成)的倾向一起,被认为是溃疡发病机制中的重要因素。
神经病是描述导致神经系统功能不良的一种疾病过程的通称,并且是糖尿病的主要并发症之一,无论是其症状疗法或是防止神经功能的逐步衰退,都还没有很可靠的疗法。
由糖尿病引起的毛细血管的增厚和渗漏主要影响眼(视网膜病变)和肾(肾病变)。糖尿病引起的毛细血管的增厚和渗漏还与皮肤病及神经系统障碍(神经病)有关。与糖尿病有关的眼病是非增生性糖尿病视网膜病,增生性糖尿病视网膜病,糖尿病性黄斑病变,青光眼,白内障等。
其它一些疾病,虽然不知道是否与糖尿病有关,但在对外周血管系统的生理影响方面相似。这些疾病包括Raynaud综合症,CREST综合症,自身免疫病例如红斑病,类风湿病等。
前列腺素(以后称作PG)是有机羧酸类的成员,它们被包含在人类或其它哺乳动物的组织或器官中,显示出广范围的生理活性。自然界中发现的PG(原生的PG)一般具有式(A)中所示的前列腺烷酸骨架:
另一方面,原生PG的一些合成类似物具有改变的骨架。原始PG根据5元环部分的结构被分成PGA、PGB、PGC、PGD、PGE、PGF、PGG、PGH、PGI和PGJ,并根据碳链部分不饱和键的数目和位置进一步分成以下三类:
下标1:13,14-不饱和的-15-OH
下标2:5,6和13,14-双不饱和的-15-OH
下标3:5,6-、13,14-和17,18-三不饱和的-15-OH。
另外,根据第9位上羧基的构型,PGF被分成α型(羟基是α-构型的羟基)和β型(羟基是β构型)。
PGE和PGE2及PGE3已知具有血管扩张、降低血压,减少胃分泌,增强肠道运动,子宫收缩,利尿,支气管扩张和抗溃疡活性。PGF1α、PGF2α和PGF3α已知具有增高血压、血管收缩、增强肠道运动、子宫收缩,黄体萎缩和支气管收缩等活性。
一些15-酮(即,在第15位上有氧而不是羟基)-PG和13,14-二氢(即,在第13和14位之间有单键)-15酮-PG已知是在原生PG代谢期间通过酶的作用自然产生的物质。
授予Ueno等的美国专利6,197,821描述了一些15-酮-PGE化合物是内皮素的拮抗剂,而内皮素被认为与高血压、伯格病、哮喘、眼底病等有关(所引文献并入本文中作为参考)。
美国专利6,197,821指出,当第13位和14位之间的键是饱和键时,通过第11位的羟基和第15位的酮基之间形成半缩醛,有时可以形成酮-半缩醛平衡(所引文献并入本文作为参考)。
授予Ueno等的美国专利5,317,032描述了前列腺素化合物泻药,包括双环互变异构体的存在,Ueno等的美国专利6,414,016描述了该双环互变异构体具有显著的抗便秘药活性(所引文献并入本文作为参考)。被一个或多个卤原子取代的该双环互变异构体可以小剂量地用来缓解便秘。尤其是可以小剂量地使用在C-16位被氟原子取代的化合物缓解便秘。
目前使用的用于外周血管病的口服药物包括具有扩张血管作用及抗血小板作用的西洛他唑(商品名称:pletaal)和前列腺素(PG)制剂(商品名称:Dorner,Opalmon等),主要具有抗血小板作用的噻氯匹定(商品名称:Panaldine),沙格雷酯(商品名称:Anplag)和还适用于高脂血的二十碳五烯酸乙酯(商品名称:Epadel)。它们具有不同的作用机制,因此可能需要根据病理特征联合使用的两种或三种制剂。特别是在中等病情的情形,更适合使用多种药物。可注射的制剂包括前列腺素E1制剂,抗凝血酶制剂(商品名称:Argatroban)。它们原则上被用于需要住院治疗的中等或更严重的疾病。
现有药物的效力不完全令人满意。特别是,抗血小板药例如噻氯匹定或二十碳五烯酸乙酯不太有效,这可能是因为还不清楚血小板在各个病理症状中的参考程度,或者即使药物具有血管扩张作用但是否足够,或者是否能选择性地充分保证缺血部位的血流。
发明概要
本发明人进行了深入的研究,并发现11-脱氧前列腺素化合物对于外周血管病有选择性的显著效果,这导致本发明的完成。
即,本发明涉及一种治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的方法,该方法包括向需要治疗的对象施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
本发明还涉及用于治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的组合物,该组合物包含有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
另外,本发明涉及使用11-脱氧前列腺素化合物制造用于治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的组合物,其中该组合物含有有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
本发明的另一实施方案涉及一种治疗哺乳动物受损的外周血管壁和/或外周血管内皮细胞的方法,包括向需要治疗的对象施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
附图简述
图1A显示了化合物A(11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1)对于ET-1诱发的大鼠外周微循环减小的影响。在该图中,数据表示成平均值±S.E,与载体处理的对照样比较,*p<0.05。CTBF:皮肤组织血流量。
图1B显示了化合物B(11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯)对于ET-1诱发的大鼠外周微循环减小的影响。数据表示成平均值±S.E,与载体处理的对照样比较,p*<0.05。CTBF:皮肤组织血流量。
图2A显示了化合物A对于跨内皮电阻(TEER)的恢复的影响。通过跨内皮电阻(TEER)的测定,证实人血管内皮细胞培养物达到融合。然后将细胞培养物在氮气氛中温育30分钟脱氧。随后该细胞用0.1%DMSO或是用含5nM化合物A的0.1%DMSO处理。经药物处理后所有数据点均指示统计显著性。N=10细胞。
图2B显示化合物A对ATP水平的恢复的影响。使人的微血管内皮细胞(成人)(HMVEC-AD)生长至融合。然后将细胞在氮气氛中暴露30分钟,再回到正常的空气气氛。在所标出的时刻用荧光素-荧光素酶分析系统(ATPlite,Perkin Elmer)监测ATP水平。ATP水平以相对发光度的形式给出。在每个时刻,N=6个细胞。
图3是在以下的合成实施例2中得到的化合物(6)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图4是在以下的合成实施例2中得到的化合物(6)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图5是在以下的合成实施例3中得到的化合物(9)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图6是在以下的合成实施例3中得到的化合物(9)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图7是在以下的合成实施例4中得到的化合物(12)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图8是在以下的合成实施例4中得到的化合物(12)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图9是在以下的合成实施例5中得到的化合物(15)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图10是在以下的合成实施例5中得到的化合物(15)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图11是在以下的合成实施例6中得到的化合物(18)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图12是在以下的合成实施例6中得到的化合物(18)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图13是在以下的合成实施例7中得到的化合物(21)1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图14是在以下的合成实施例7中得到的化合物(21)13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图15是在以下的合成实施例8中得到的化合物(23)的H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图16是在以下的合成实施例8中得到的化合物(23)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图17是在以下的合成实施例9中得到的化合物(25)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图18是在以下的合成实施例9中得到的化合物(25)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
图19是在以下的合成实施例10中得到的化合物(34)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)图。
图20是在以下的合成实施例10中得到的化合物(34)的13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)图。
发明详述
在本发明中,“11-脱氧前列腺素化合物”(以后称作“11-脱氧PG化合物”)可以包括在前列腺烷酸骨架的11位上没有取代基的化合物的任何衍生物或类似物(包括被取代的衍生物),与该5元环的构型、双键数目、取代基是否存在或者α或ω链中的任何其它改变无关。
式(A)表示了C-20碳原子的基本骨架,但本发明不限于具有相同数目碳原子的化合物。在式(A)中,构成PG化合物的基本骨架的碳原子的编号从羧酸开始(编号1),α-链中的碳原子朝着5元环方向被编号为2至7,环中碳原子为8至12,ω链中为13至20。当α-链中的碳原子数目减少时,则该编号按着从位置2开始的次序被删除;当α链中碳原子的数目增加时,化合物被命名为在第2位有取代羧基(C-1)的各自取代基的取代化合物。类似地,当ω-链中的碳原子数目减少时,其编号按照从20位开始的次序被删除;而当ω-键中的碳原子数目增多时,超过第20位的碳原子被称作取代基。除非另外说明,这些化合物的立体化学结构与以上式(A)的相同。
如上所述,11-脱氧-PG化合物的命名是以前列腺烷酸骨架为基础。然而,如果化合物具有和前列腺素类似的部分结构,则可以使用缩写“PG”。例如,α链扩展了2个碳原子的11-脱氧-PG化合物,即,其α-链中有9个碳原子,被称为2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-PG化合物。类似地,在α-链中有11个碳原子的11-脱氧-PG化合物被称为2-脱羧-2-(4-羧丁基)-11-脱氧-PG化合物。另外,ω-链扩展2个碳原子的11-脱氧-PG化合物,即,其ω链中有10个碳原子,被称作11-脱氧-20-乙基-PG化合物。但是,这些化合物也可以根据IUPAC命名法命名。
类似物(包括取代的衍生物)或衍生物的实例包括其中α-链末端处的羧基被酯化的11-脱氧-PG化合物;其α-链被延长的化合物;它们的生理上可接受的盐;在2-3位有一个双键或在5-6位有一个三键的化合物;在3、5、6、16、17、18、19和/或20位有取代基的化合物;和在第9位有低级烷基或取代羟基的羟基(低级)烷基的化合物。
根据本发明,在3、17、18和/或19位上的优选的取代基包括有1-4碳原子的烷基,尤其是甲基和乙基。第16位上的优选取代基包括低级烷基(例如甲基和乙基)、羟基、卤原子(例如氯和氟)和芳氧基(例如三氟甲基苯氧基)。第17位的优选取代基包括低级烷基(例如甲基和乙基)、羟基、卤原子(例如氯和氟)、芳氧基(例如三氟甲基苯氧基)。第20位的优选取代基包括饱和或不饱和的低级烷基(例如C1-4烷基),低级烷氧基(例如C1-4烷氧基)和低级烷氧基烷基(例如C1-4烷氧基-C1-4烷基)。第5位的优选取代基包括卤原子,例如氯和氟。第6位的优选取代基包括形成羰基的氧基。在第9位具有羟基、低级烷基或羟基(低级)烷基取代基的PG的立体化学结构可以是α、β或其混合物。
另外,以上的类似物或衍生物可以是在ω链末端处有一个烷氧基、环烷基、环烷氧基、苯氧基或苯基的化合物,此时链要比原生的PG短。
本文中所用的11-脱氧-PG化合物的命名是以上述式(A)中代表的前列腺烷酸的编号系统为基础。
本发明中使用的一种优选的化合物用式(I)表示:
其中L和N是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧,其中的5元环可以任选地有至少一个双键。
A是-CH3、-CH2OH,-COCH2OH,-COOH或其功能性衍生物;
R1是饱和或不饱和的二价低级或中级脂族烃,它是未被取代的或是被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子任选地被氧、氮或硫取代;和
R0是饱和或不饱和的低级或中级脂族烃基,它是未被取代的或者被卤素、氧、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环-氧基取代;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环-氧基;而且该烃中的至少一个碳原子任选地被氧、氮或硫取代。
在本发明中使用的一种更优选的化合物是式(II)代表的化合物:
其中L和N是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧基,其中该5元环可以任选地有至少一个双键;
A是-CH3、-CH2OH,-COCH2OH,-COOH或是其功能性衍生物;
B是单键,-CH2-CH2-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH=CH-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-,-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;
Z是
其中R4和R5是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4和R5不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基;
R1是饱和或不饱和的二价低级或中级脂族烃,它是未被取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代;和
Ra是饱和或不饱和的低级或中级脂族烃基,它是未被取代的,或是被卤素、氧、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环-氧基取代;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环-氧基;而且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代。
在上述化合物中,一组特别优选的化合物用式(III)表示:
其中L是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、羟基(低级)烷基、低级烷酰氧基或氧,其中的5元环可任选地有至少一个双键;
A是-CH3、-CH2OH,-COCH2OH,-COOH或是其功能性衍生物;
B是单键,-CH2-CH2-,-CH=CH-,-C≡C-,-CH2-CH2-CH2-,-CH=CH-CH2-,-CH2-CH=CH-,-C≡C-CH2-或-CH2-C≡C-;
Z是
其中R4和R5是氢、羟基、卤素、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或羟基(低级)烷基,其中R4和R5不同时是羟基和低级烷氧基;
X1和X2是氢,低级烷基或卤素;
R1是饱和或不饱和的二价低级或中级脂族烃,它是未被取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧、芳基或杂环基取代,而且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代;
R2是单键或低级亚烷基;和
R3是低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环-氧基,而且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代。
在上式中,R1和Ra定义中的“不饱和”一词意在包括孤立地、分离地或连续地存在于主链和/或支链的碳原子之间的至少一个或多个双键和/或三键。根据通常的命名法,在两个连续位置之间的不饱和键用标出两位置中较小的编号来表示,而在两个远端位置之间的不饱和键则用标出两个位置的编号来表示。
术语“低级或中级脂族烃”,对于R1是指有1-14个碳原子(对于支链,优选1-3个碳原子),优选1-10个碳原子,尤其是6-10个碳原子;而对于Ra,是指1-10个碳原子,尤其是1-8个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。
术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴和碘。
除非另外说明,在整个说明书中,术语“低级”是用来包括有1-6个碳原子的基团。
术语“低级烷基”是指含1-6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,包括例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。
术语“低级亚烷基”是指含1-6个碳原子的直链或支链的二价饱和烃基,包括例如亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基、亚丁基、亚异丁基、亚叔丁基、亚戊基和亚己基。
术语“低级烷氧基”是指基团低级烷基-O-,其中低级烷基的定义如上。
术语“羟基(低级)烷基”是指被至少一个羟基取代的以上定义的低级烷基,例如,羟甲基,1-羟基乙基,2-羟基乙基和1-甲基-1-羟基乙基。
术语“低级烷酰氧基”是指式RCO-O-代表的基团,其中RCO-是由如上定义的低级烷基氧化形成的酰基,例如乙酰基。
术语“环(低级)烷基”是指通过以上定义的低级烷基的环化形成的含3个或更多碳原子的环形基团,包括例如,环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
术语“环(低级)烷氧基”是指环(低级)烷基-O-基团,其中环(低级)烷基与以上定义相同。
术语“芳基”可以包括未被取代的或者取代的芳族烃环(优选单环基团),例如苯基、甲苯基、二甲苯基。取代基的实例是卤原子和卤(低级)烷基,其中卤原子和低级烷基同以上的定义。
术语“芳氧基”是指式ArO-代表的基团,其中Ar是如上定义的芳基。
术语“杂环基”可以包括单至三环,优选单环杂环基团,该基团是5-14元、优选5-10元环,有任选被取代的碳原子和1-4个,优选1-3个一种或两种选自氮、氧和硫的杂原子。杂环基团的实例包括呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、唑基、异唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、呋咱基、吡喃基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、2-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基、2-咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、2-吡咪啉基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、嘌呤基、喹唑啉基、咔唑基、吖啶基、菲啶基、苯并咪唑基、苯并咪唑啉基、苯并噻唑基、吩噻嗪基。这种情形的取代基的实例包括卤素和卤素取代的低级烷基,其中卤原子和低级烷基与以上所述的相同。
术语“杂环-氧基”是指式HCO-代表的基团,其中HC是如上所述的杂环基团。
A的“功能性衍生物”一词包括盐(优选可药用的盐)、醚、酯和酰胺。
合适的“可药用的盐”包括通常使用的无毒的盐,例如,与无机碱形成的盐,如碱金属盐(例如钠盐和钾盐)、碱土金属盐(例如钙盐和镁盐)、铵盐;或与有机碱形成的盐,例如,胺盐(如甲胺盐、二甲胺盐、环己胺盐、苄胺盐、哌啶盐、乙二胺盐、乙醇胺盐、二乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐、三(羟甲基氨基)乙烷盐、单甲基单乙醇胺盐、普鲁卡因盐和咖啡因盐),碱性氨基酸盐(例如精氨酸盐和赖氨酸盐),四烷基铵盐等。这些盐可以用常规方法制备,例如由相应的酸或碱或者利用盐交换法制备。
醚的实例包括烷基醚,例如,低级烷基醚,如甲醚、乙醚、丙醚、异丙醚、丁醚、异丁醚、叔丁醚、戊醚和1-环丙基乙基醚;以及中级或高级烷基醚,例如辛醚、二乙基己基醚、十二烷基醚和十六烷基醚;不饱和醚,例如油基醚和亚麻基醚;低级烯基醚,例如乙烯基醚、烯丙基醚;低级炔基醚,例如乙炔基醚和丙炔基醚;羟基(低级)烷基醚,例如羟乙基醚和羟基异丙基醚;低级烷氧基(低级)烷基醚,例如甲氧基甲基醚和1-甲氧基乙基醚;任选取代的芳基醚,例如苯基醚、甲苯磺酰基醚、叔丁基苯基醚、水杨基醚、3,4-二甲氧基苯基醚和苯甲酰氨基苯基醚;以及芳基(低级)烷基醚,例如二苄醚、三苯甲基醚和二苯甲基醚。
酯的实例包括脂族酯,例如,低级烷基酯,如甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、异丙酯、丁酯、异丁酯、叔丁酯、戊酯和1-环丙基乙酯;低级烯基酯,例如乙烯基酯和烯丙基酯;低级炔基酯,例如乙炔基酯和丙炔基酯;羟基(低级)烷基酯,例如羟乙基酯;低级烷氧基(低级)烷基酯;例如甲氧基甲酯和1-甲氧基乙酯;以及任选被取代的芳基酯,例如,苯基酯、甲苯基酯、叔丁基苯基酯、水杨基酯、3,4-二甲氧基苯基酯和苯甲酰氨基苯基酯;和芳基(低级)烷基酯,例如苄基酯、三苯甲基酯和二苯甲基酯。
A的酰胺是指式-CONR’R代表的基团,其中各R’和R”是氢原子、低级烷基、芳基、烷基-或芳基-磺酰基、低级烯基和低级炔基,包括例如低级烷基酰胺,例如甲酰胺、乙酰胺、二甲基酰胺和二乙基酰胺;芳酰胺,例如酰苯胺和酰基甲苯胺;以及烷基-或芳基-磺酰胺,例如甲磺酰胺、乙磺酰胺和甲苯磺酰胺。
L的优选实例包括羟基或氧,它带有一个尤其是所谓的PGF或PGE型的5元环结构。
A的优选实例是-COOH,它的可药用的盐、酯或酰胺。
B的优选实例是-CH2-CH2-,它提供了所谓的13,14-二氢型结构。
优选的X1和X2的实例是氢,或者它们中至少一个是卤素,更优选它们全是卤素,尤其是氟,它提供了所谓的16,16-二氟型结构。
优选的R1是含1-10个碳原子,优选6-10个碳原子的烃。另外,该脂烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代。
R1的实例包括例如以下基团:
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-O-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-,
-CH2-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-,
-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-
优选的Ra是含1-10个碳原子、更优选含1-8个碳原子的烃。Ra可带有一个或二个含一个碳原子的支链。
优选的R2是单键,优选的R3是低级烷基。R3可以有一或二个含一个碳原子的支链。
以上式(I)、(II)或(III)中的环和α-及/或ω链的构型可以与原生PG的相同或不同。但是,本发明还包括具有原生构型的化合物和非原始构型的化合物的混合物。
本发明化合物的典型实例是11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGE化合物,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGE化合物,2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE或PGE化合物,或11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE或PGE化合物及其衍生物或类似物。本发明化合物的优选实例是11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-16,16-二氟-PGE1,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯,2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯,2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1异丙酯,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1甲酯,11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1异丙酯或11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟--PGE1α异丙酯。
在本发明中,任何异构体,例如各个互变异构体,其混合物,或旋光异构体,其混合物,外消旋混合物,以及其它的立体异构体,均可用于同一用途。
本发明中使用的一些化合物可以用在美国专利5,073,569、5,166,174、5,221,763、5,212,324和5,739,161及6,242,485中公开的方法制备(所引的这些文献结合在本文中作为参考)。
根据本发明,哺乳动物治疗对象可以利用本发明通过服用上述化合物来治疗。治疗对象可以是任何哺乳动物,包括人。该化合物可以全身地或局部地施用。通常,该化合物可以口服,鼻内给药,吸入给药,静脉内注射(包括输注),皮下注射,直肠内给药,阴道内给药,透皮给药,眼睛局部给药(例如眼周(如Tenon囊下)、结膜下、眼球内、玻璃体内、眼房内、视网膜下、脉络膜上和眼球后给药)等。
剂量可以随动物品系、年龄、体重、要治疗的症状、所期望的疗效、用药途径、治疗期限等而变。以每天0.000001-500mg/kg,更优选0.00001-100mg/kg的数量全身用药1-4次或者连续给药,可以得到令人满意的效果。
化合物可以优选地配制在适合以常规方式给药的药物组合物中。组合物可以是适合口服、注射或灌注的组合物,并且可以是外用药,栓剂或阴道栓剂。
本发明的组合物还可进一步含有生理上可接受的添加剂。该添加剂可包括与本发明化合物一起使用的成分,例如赋形剂、稀释剂、填料、溶解剂、润滑剂、辅剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、包衣剂、包囊剂、膏剂基料、栓剂基料、雾化剂、乳化剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂、渗透压调节剂、缓冲剂、缓和剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、矫味剂、香料、着色剂,功能性物质如环糊精,以及可生物降解的聚合物稳定剂。添加剂是本领域所熟知的,可以从一般的药物学参考书中所述的添加剂中选择。
以上定义的化合物在本发明组合物中的数量可以随组合物的配方而变,一般可以是0.000001-10.0%,更优选是0.00001-5.0%,最优选是0.0001-1%。
用于口服的固体组合物的实例包括片剂、锭剂、舌下片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、粉剂、粒剂等。固体组合物可以通过将一种或多种活性成分与至少一种无活性的稀释剂混合来制备。组合物中还可以含有无活性稀释剂之外的其它添加剂,例如,润滑剂、崩解剂和稳定剂。片剂和丸剂在必要时可以用肠溶或胃肠溶薄膜包衣。
它们可以用两层或多层包覆。它们也可以被吸附在持续释放物质上或用微胶囊包封。另外,组合物可以用容易降解的物质例如明胶来胶囊化。它们还可以溶在合适的溶剂例如脂肪酸或其甘油单酯、二酯或三酯中,构成软胶囊。在需要快速起作用的性能时可以使用舌下片剂。
用于口服的液体组合物的实例包括乳剂,溶液剂,混悬剂,浆剂和酏剂等。该组合物还可含有一种常用的无活性稀释剂,例如纯化水或乙醇。组合物中可以含有无活性稀释剂之外的其它添加剂,例如辅剂,如润湿剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、香料、芳香剂和防腐剂。
本发明的组合物可以是喷雾组合物的形式,其中含有一种或多种成分,并可按照已知方法制备。
本发明用于肠道外给药的可注射组合物的实例包括无菌的水基或非水基的溶液、悬浮液和乳状液。
用于水基溶液或悬浮液的稀释剂可以包括例如注射用的蒸馏水,生理盐水和Ringer溶液。
用于溶液和悬浮液的非水稀释剂可以包括,例如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇、植物油(如橄榄油)、醇(如乙醇)和聚山梨酸酯。组合物中还可以含有添加剂,例如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂,分散剂等。它们可以用例如经过阻留细菌滤器过滤,与灭菌剂混合,或是利用气体或放射性同位素辐照灭菌来实现灭菌。
可注射的组合物也可以以无菌的粉末组合物的形式提供,以便在使用前溶解在注射用的无菌溶剂中。
外用剂的实例包括在皮肤病学和耳咽喉科学领域使用的外用制剂,包括膏剂、乳膏剂、洗剂和喷雾剂。
本发明化合物还以眼用溶液、滴眼剂、眼药膏等形式使用。该形式包括在眼科领域中用于眼局部给药的所有制剂。
眼用溶液或滴剂的制备方法是将活性成分溶在无菌的水溶液,例如盐水和缓冲液中,或是在使用前与要溶解的粉末组合物组合。眼药膏是将活性成分混入基料中制成的。这些制剂可以按照任何常规方法制备。
渗透压调节剂可以是通常用于眼科领域的任何调节剂。渗透压调节剂的实例包括但不限于:氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、硫酸镁、磷酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钾、硼酸、硼砂、氢氧化钠、盐酸、甘露醇、异山梨醇、丙二醇、葡萄糖和甘油。
另外,根据需要,可以向本发明组合物中加入通常用于眼科领域的添加剂。这些添加剂包括,例如,缓冲剂(例如,硼酸、磷酸-氢钠和磷酸二氢钠),防腐剂(例如,苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵和三氯叔丁醇),增稠剂(例如,糖类,如乳糖和甘露醇、麦芽糖;透明质酸或其盐,如透明质酸钠和透明质酸钾;粘多糖,如硫酸软骨素;聚丙烯酸钠,羧基乙烯基聚合物和交联的聚丙烯酸酯),它们全被包括在本文中作为参考。
如将本发明组合物制备成眼药膏时,除了以上添加剂之外,组合物中可以含有通常使用的眼膏基料。这些眼膏基料包括但不限于:油质基料,例如凡士林、液体石蜡、聚乙烯、Se1en-50、p1astibase(聚乙烯与石蜡油的混合物)、聚乙二醇或它们的混合物;含有被表面活性剂乳化的油相和水相的乳状液基料;以及水溶性基料,例如羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧丙基甲基纤维素和聚乙二醇。
本发明组合物可以配制成不含防腐剂的无菌单元剂型。
本发明的另一形式是栓剂或阴道栓剂,它们可以通过将活性成分混入在体温下软化的常规基料(例如可可脂)中来配制,可以使用具有合适的软化温度的非离子表面活性剂来改进吸收性。
这里使用的“治疗”一词包括控制疾病或症状的任何手段,例如预防、护理、症状的缓解、症状的弱化和阻止进展。
本发明中使用的化合物对于外周循环不足、受损的血管壁和/或外周血管内皮细胞的恢复有显著作用。
因此,本发明化合物可用于治疗外周血管病,尤其是外周血管和微血管病。在本说明书和权利要求中,外周血管和微血管病可以包括视网膜、皮肤、全身循环、肾或者外周或自主神经系统的疾病。所有这些疾病常常与糖尿病有关,并可以作为与急性或慢性糖尿病并发症相关的症状发生。另外,其它一些虽然不知道是否与糖尿病有关,但对外周血管系统的生理作用相似的疾病,也能有效地用本发明的方法治疗。
本发明还会对外周和自主神经病或由小血管病和直接由大血管病造成的任何其它疾病有好处。本发明方法的有益作用据信是由于增大了小血管血流量和保护血管内皮细胞。
这里使用的术语“外周血管病”包括任何外周血管病,包括外周和自主神经病。“外周血管病”包括外周动脉病,例如慢性动脉阻塞,包括动脉硬化、闭塞性动脉硬化和血栓闭塞性脉管炎(伯格病)、大血管病、微血管病、糖尿病、血栓性静脉炎、静脉梗阻、Raynaud病,Raynaud综合症,CREST综合症,振动造成的健康伤害,祖德克综合症,间歇性跛行,四肢冷感,四肢感觉反常,对冷敏感,梅尼埃病,梅尼埃综合症,麻木,感觉缺失,麻醉,休息痛,灼性神经痛(灼痛),外周循环功能紊乱,神经功能紊乱,运动功能紊乱,运动麻痹,糖尿病外周循环障碍,腰椎管狭窄,糖尿病神经病,休克,自身免疫病例如红皮病,类风湿病和类风湿关节炎,自主神经病,糖尿病自主神经病,自主神经失衡,直立性低血压,勃起功能障碍,女性性功能不良,逆行射精,膀胱病,神经源性膀胱,阻道润滑缺损,运动不耐受,心脏去神经,热不耐受,味觉性出汗,糖尿病并发症,高脂血,不自觉低血糖发作,无反应性低血糖,青光眼,新生血管性青光眼,白内障,视网膜病,糖尿病视网膜病,糖尿病黄斑病变,视网膜动脉阻塞,视网膜中央动脉梗阻,视网膜静脉阻塞,黄斑性水钟,老年性黄斑变性,老年性盘状黄斑变性,囊样黄斑性水肿,眼睑水肿,视网膜水肿,脉络膜视网膜病变,新生血管性黄斑病变,葡萄膜炎,虹膜炎,视网膜血管炎,眼内炎,全眼球炎,转移性眼炎,脉络膜炎,视网膜色素上皮炎,结膜炎,睫状体炎,巩膜炎,巩膜外层炎,视神经炎,球后视神经炎,角膜炎,睑缘炎,渗出性视网膜脱落,角膜溃疡,结膜溃疡,慢性钱币状角膜炎,Thygeson角膜炎,进行性穆尔氏溃疡,皮肤损伤,皮肤溃疡(包括足溃疡、糖尿病溃疡、灼伤溃疡、下肢溃疡、手术后溃疡、创伤性溃疡、带状疱疹后溃疡、辐射溃疡、药物诱发的溃疡、冻伤、冻疮、坏疽和突发性坏疽)、心绞痛,变异性心绞痛,冠状动脉硬化(慢性缺血性心脏病、无症状的缺血性心脏病、动脉硬化心血管病),心肌梗死,心力衰竭,充血性心力衰竭和无疼痛的缺血性心脏病,肺水肿,高血压,脉动脉高压,门静脉高压;糖尿病神经病变;褥疮,肾衰竭。
本发明组合物可含有单独一种活性成分或是两种或多种活性成分的组合。在多种活性成分组合时,它们各自的含量可以根据其疗效和安全性适当增大或减小。
本发明的药物组合物还可以含有其它的药理成分,只要它们与本发明的目的不抵触。
本发明将参照以下实施例作详细描述,但是这些实施例并非被用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
试验化合物A:11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
试验化合物B:11-脱氧13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯
此研究中使用雄性Wistar鼠(7周龄)。利用腹膜内注射仲丁硫巴比妥钠(80mg/kg)将动物麻醉。在整个实验中利用加热垫将动物的体温保持在约37℃。在用脱毛膏将右后肢的足背脱毛后,用一只非接触型激光多普勒流量计(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)连续测量皮肤组织血液流量。为测量平均动脉血压,将放在左股动脉中的一只聚乙烯导管与偶合在放大器(AP-641G,Nihon Koden Inc.,Japan)上的压力传感器(TP-400T,Nihon Koden Inc.,Japan)连接。利用计算机系统(HEM Ver.3.5,Notocord Systems,France)记录和分析皮肤组织血流量和血压。用一个注射泵,经由逆行插入从右股动脉分支出的上腹部尾动脉,以200pmol/kg/min的速度,向股动脉中输注内皮素-1(ET-1)15分钟。在200pmol/kg/min输注结束后,将ET-1的输注速度降至20pmol/kg/min,保持此降低的ET-1输注量,直至此项研究结束。通过向股动脉中输注ET-1,皮肤组织的血流量减少。当皮肤组织血流量达到新的稳定水平(开始ET-1输注后25-50分钟)时,经由置于左股静脉中的聚乙烯导管,按照1mL/kg的体积,于2分钟内向动物施用载体或各试验化合物溶液。试验化合物的施用量为100μg/kg。在施用载体或各试验溶液后,连续测量皮肤组织血流量和血压,每5分钟记录,共60分钟。
如图1A和1B所示,通过股动脉输注ET-1,皮肤组织血流量在开始ET-1输注后25-50分钟内减少到基线值的约37%。在用载体处理时皮肤组织血流量没有改变(图1A和图1B)。
在100μg/kg化合物A(11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1)组,由于输注ET-1而减小到基线值的约35%的皮肤组织血流量,通过施用化合物A有显著增加(图1A)。
在100μg/kg化合物B(11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯)组,由于输注ET-1而减小到基线值的约38%的皮肤组织血流量,通过施用化合物B有显著增加(图1B)。
血压不受ET-1输注的影响。100μg/kg的化合物A和化合物B对于血压没有显著影响。
实施例2
试验化合物A:11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1
此项研究中使用8只重量约2.5-3.5kg的雄性日本白兔(std∶JW/csk)。各动物的同一只眼睛用试验化合物处理,另一只眼用载体处理,整个试验中一直如此,各次处理之间有一段冲洗期。用微量吸管(Pipetman,Gilson,Inc.,France)向各动物的一只眼局部施用30微升各试验化合物溶液。对侧的对照眼接受等体积的载体。各动物在每天上午的大约同一时间用药。将动物束缚在支架上后,向两眼各施加一滴局部麻醉药(0.4%盐酸奥布卡因),在用药前和用药1,2,4,6及8小时后,用气动式非接触压平眼压计(Model30ClassicTM,Mentor0&0,Inc.,USA)测定眼球内压。
如表1所示,化合物1显著地降低眼内压。
表1用试验化合物处理后的眼球内压(IOP)
数据表示成平均值±SE,与载体处理的对侧对照眼相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01(配对student t-试验)。
化合物A:11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟PGE1
实施例3
通过向7周龄的雄性Crl:CD(SD)鼠中一次静脉内注射50mg/kg链脲霉素(STZ),诱发糖尿病。在此项研究中使用STZ处理19天后血浆葡萄糖含量为400mg/dL或更高的动物。在STZ处理3周后,将动物腹膜内注射仲丁硫巴比妥的麻醉。在整个试验中用加热垫将动物体温(直肠温度)保持在约37℃。在用脱毛膏将右后肢的足背脱毛之后,用非接触型激光多普勒流量计(FLO-N1,Omega-wave Inc.,Japan)连续测量皮肤组织血流量。同时监测血压和心率。于10分钟内向动物静脉内施用化合物A或载体。
如表2所示,与载体相比,化合物A显著提高了皮肤组织血流量。化合物A对血压(BP)和心率没有影响。
表2SAG-07对链脲霉素诱发的糖尿病鼠皮肤组织血流量的影响
数据表示成平均值±S.E,与载体对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
化合物A:11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟PGE1
实施例4
四月龄的雄性Kbs:J.w兔饲养在动物房中的铝质笼中,屋内控制室温(23-24℃)、相对湿度(55-74%)、通气速率(10-20次/小时)和12小时的明/暗周期(照明:上午7:00-下午7:00)。用自动进食系统向动物喂食免用固体食物(120g/动物/天),水自由摄取。使动物经受至少6天的检疫和顺应期。在此期间,进行体重测量和一般体征观察,在此研究中使用被判断为健康良好的动物。
在吸入异氟醚的麻醉下,将导管插入兔的颈总动脉中。将通过导管得到的9份血样与1份3.8w/v%的柠檬酸钠混合。将血样在1000rpm下离心10分钟后,从顶层收集富血小板的血浆(PRP)。然后将底层进一步在3000rpm下离心15分钟,从顶层收集贫血小板的血浆(PPP)。用一台ADVIA120血液学系统(ADVIA120,Bayer Medical Ltd.)进行PRP和PPP级分的血小板计数。将PRP级分用PPP级分稀释,以便将血小板计数调节到约30×104细胞/μL。将这样得到的PRP(0.178mL)放入吸收池中,在37℃的温浴中预温育5分钟。向该PRP中加入含有前列腺素E1或化合物A的试验溶液(0.022m1)。一分钟后,加入25μM ADP溶液(0.022mL),用血小板聚集测定装置(NBS Hematolaser,NikkoBioscience Inc.)测量血小板聚集的程度。对于每种试验溶液,对取自3只动物的血液进行重复试验。将试验物组中的聚集与载体对照组的(100%)比较,评估出抑制率(%)。
如表3所示,前列腺素E1(PGE1)在浓度为1×10-8、1×10-7和1×10-6g/mL时,血小板聚集的抑制率分别为20.9%、91.2%和89.0%。另一方面,化合物A直至试验的最高浓度(1×10-5g/mL),对血小板聚集没有影响。结果表明,化合物A对血小板聚集无影响。
表3
最大聚集(%)表示3只兔子的平均值±S.E
**:P<0.01;与载体对照样显著性差异(Dunnet t多重对比试验)
实施例5
通过腹膜内注射仲丁硫巴比妥钠将雄性Crl∶CD(SD)鼠麻醉。在整个实验中利用加热垫将动物的体温(直肠温度)保持在约37℃。在用脱毛膏将右后肢的足背脱后毛,利用非接触型激光多普勒流量计(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)测定在静脉施用化合物C(11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-16,16-二氟PGE1)或载体之前和30分钟之后的皮肤组织血流量。还监测血压和心率。
如表4中所示,化合物B与载体相比,显著提高了皮肤组织血流量。化合物B对于血压和心率没有影响。
表4、化合物B在皮肤组织中血流量的影响
数据表示成平均值±S.E.,比载体对照组相比,*p<0.05
实施例6
使人血管内皮细胞培养物,如用跨内皮电阻(TEER)所测定的,发生融合。然后将细胞培养物在氮气氛中温育30分钟除氧。随后,该细胞或是用0.1%DMSO处理,或是用含5nM化合物A的0.1%DMSO(最终浓度)处理。细胞密度在所指示的时刻利用TEER确定。
如图2A所示,DMSO处理的细胞显示出TEER恢复很少。化合物A处理的细胞显示出TEER立即恢复。
结果证实,作为内皮细胞屏障功能的TEER,受损后经化合物A处理迅速恢复。
实施例7
人微血管内皮细胞(成人)(HMVEC-AD)生长至融合。然后使细胞在氮气氛中暴露30分钟,又回到正常的空气气氛中。在所指示的时刻用荧光素-荧光素酶分析系统(ATPlite,perkin Elmer)监测ATP水平。
如图2B所示,当细胞暴露于氮气氛中时ATP含量减少。与只用0.01%DMSO处理的细胞相比,用5nM化合物A处理的细胞中ATP含量恢复得更快。
买施例8
通过腹膜内注射仲丁硫巴比妥钠,将作为非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病的自发模型的雄性GK/Jcl鼠麻醉。在整个实验中用加热垫保持动物的体温(直肠温度)为约37℃。在用脱毛膏将右后肢的足背脱毛后,用非接触型激光多普勒流量计(FLO-N1,Omegawave Inc.,Japan)测量在静脉内施用化合物A或载体之前(基线)及20分钟后的皮肤组织血流量(CTBF)。数据用与基线皮肤组织血流量相比的%表示。
如表5中所示,化合物A与载体相比,显著增加了自发糖尿病鼠中的皮肤组织血流量。
表5化合物A对自发糖尿病鼠中皮肤组织血流量的影响
数据表示成平均值±S.E.,与载体对照组比较,*p<0.05合成实施例1
16,16-二氟-PGA
1
苄酯(2)的合成
将16,16-二氟-PGA1苄酯(1)(457.8mg,0.95mmol)溶于乙酸(13.7mL,0.24mol),在80℃搅拌该溶液18小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,向溶液中加入10ml甲苯,减压浓缩。重复此操作5次以除去乙酸。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法(硅胶:FL60D(70g),FujiSilysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(2∶1)),得到黄色油状的化合物(2)。产量:391.6mg(88.9%)。
11 - 脱氧 - 13,14 - 二氢 - 16,16 - 二氟 - PGE 1 (3)的合成
16,16-二氟-PGA1苄酯(化合物(2))(382.5mg,0.83mmol)在室温下于10%钯/碳(57.4mg,含50%w/w水)存在下,在乙酸乙酯(10ml)中于大气压下氢化2小时。反应混合物经硅藻土垫过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗,然后将滤液减压浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法纯化(硅胶BW-300SP(50g,含15%w/w水),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶1)),得到粗制的化合物(3)(298.5mg,98.7%)。
将粗制的化合物(3)与另一批粗制化合物合并,然后将总计约350mg的粗制化合物用制备型HPLC(YMC-Pack D-SIL-5-0620×250mm,己烷/2-丙醇/乙酸(250∶5∶1),20mL/min)纯化,得到无色油状的化合物(3)。产量:297.3mg(HPLC纯化收率:83.5%)。
1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)δ
0.94(3H,t,J=7.1Hz),1.22-2.29(28H,m),2.34(2H,t,J=7.3Hz),3.65-3.81(1H,m)
13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)δ
13.70,22.40,23.25,24.32,26.28,26.63),27.18,27.58,28.49,29.09,30.39,31.77(t,J=24.4Hz),33.67,37.63,41.05,54.76,72.73(t,J=29.0Hz),124.09(t,J=244.3Hz),179.07,220.79.
合成实施例2
按照与合成实施例1中所述的类似方式,通过以上的两步反应,得到无色油状的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯(化合物(6))。产量:0.285g(第一步:96.2%,第二步:97.6%,HPLC纯化收率81.0%)。化合物(6)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图3和4中。
合成实施例3
按照与合成实施例1中所述的相似方式,得到无色油状的2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1异丙酯(化合物(9))。产量:0.402g(第一步:94.9%,第二步:92.2%,HPLC纯化:收率83.1%)。化合物(9)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图5和6中。
合成实施例4
按照与合成实施例1中所述类似的方式,得到无色油状的2-脱羧-2-(2-羧乙基)-11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1(化合物(12))。产量:0.696g(第一步:95.6%,第二步:99.3%,HPLC纯化:收率87.4%)。化合物(12)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图7和8中。
合成实施例5
按照与合成实施例1中所述的类似方式,得到无色油状的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1异丙酯(化合物(15))。产量:0.271g(第-步:91.4%,第二步:97.3%,HPLC纯化收率:79.0%)。化合物(15)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图9和10中。
合成实施例6
按照与合成实施例1中所述的类似方式,得到无色油状的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-甲基-PGE1(化合物(18))。产量:0.637g(第一步:93.3%,第二步:96.6%,HPLC纯化收率:73.9%)。化合物(18)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图11和12中。
合成实施例7
按照与合成实施例1中所述的相似方式,得到无色油状的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1(化合物(21))。产量:0.401g(第一步:90.6%,第二步:92.7%,HPLC纯化:收率29.2%)。化合物(21)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图13和14中。
合成实施例8
11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGE1甲酯(化合物(23))通过化合物(22)用重氮甲烷酯化得到,为无色油状物。产量:0.860g(经硅胶柱色谱法纯化后,72.9%)。化合物(23)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图15和16中。
合成实施例9
将化合物(24)(0.67g,1.66mmol)溶在DMF(13mL)中,加入K2CO3(460.1mg,3.33mm0l)和异丙基碘(831μL,8.32mmol)。将溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。反应混合物用冰冷却,加入(10ml)和盐水,用乙酸乙酯(30ml)萃取。有机层用盐水(10ml)洗,用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法(硅胶FL60D(50g),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(5∶1))纯化,得到粗制的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-20-乙基-PGE1异丙酯(化合物(25))(0.70g,94.6%)。粗制的化合物(25)用制备型HPLC纯化,得到无色油状的化合物(25)。产量245.8mg(35.1%)。化合物(25)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图17和18中。
合成实施例10
将化合物(26)(8.71g,20.2mmol)溶于1,2--二氯乙烷(70ml)中,加入1,1’-硫羰基二咪唑(5.41g,30.3mmol)。将该溶液在70℃搅拌1小时,冷却至室温,然后减压浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法纯化(硅胶BW-300SP(650g),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶1)),得到浅黄色油状化合物(27)(10.61g,97.0%)。
将Bu3SnH(11.21g,38.5mmol)溶于甲苯(224ml)中,加热回流。在回流温度下向该反应混合物滴加化合物(27)(10.41g,19.2mmol)在甲苯(208ml)中的溶液70分钟。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,减压浓缩,得到浅黄色油状的粗制化合物(28)。
将粗制的化合物(28)(19.2mmol)溶于THF(52ml)中,滴加TBAF溶液(1.0M THF溶液,38.5ml,38.5mmol)10分钟。1小时后,向该溶液中滴加TBAF溶液(1.0M THF溶液,19.2ml,19.2mmol)。搅拌总计3.5小时后,将反应混合物减压浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法纯化(硅胶BW-300SP(1000g),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(1∶1)),得到黄色油状化合物(29)(4.01g,69.3%)。
化合物(31)通过化合物(29)的Swern氧化并引入ω链得到。
化合物(31)(807.4mg,1.88mmol)在乙酸乙酯(8ml)中于10%钯/碳存在下在室温下氢化2小时。反应混合物经硅藻土垫过滤,将滤液减压浓缩,得到浅棕色油状的粗制化合物(32)。
将粗制的化合物(32)(1.88mmol)溶于乙醇(8ml)中,室温下向该溶液中滴加1N NaOH溶液(7.4ml,7.4mol)10分钟。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌10小时,然后用水冷却。向反应混合物中滴加1N盐酸(7.1ml),以便将pH调节至约3-4。然后用TBME(30ml)萃取该反应混合物。有机层用水(10ml)和盐水(10ml)洗,用无水硫酸镁干燥,然后减压浓缩。残余物用硅胶柱色谱法纯化(硅胶,含15%水,FL-60D(80g),Fuji Silysia,己烷/乙酸乙酯(2∶1)),得到浅黄色油状的化合物(33)(481.4mg,68.8%)。
按照与实施例9中所述的相似方式,由化合物(33)得到无色油状的11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟-PGF1α异丙酯(化合物(34))。产量:166.6mg(反应步骤91.9%,HPLC纯化:收率55.4%)。化合物(34)的1H-NMR(200MHz,CDC13)和13C-NMR(50MHz,CDC13)分别示于图19和20中。
Claims (18)
1.一种治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的方法,包括向需要治疗的对象施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
2.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中该11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是以下通式(I)代表的化合物:
其中L和N是氢,羟基,卤素,低级烷基,羟基(低级)烷基,低级烷酰氧基或氧,其中该5元环可任选地具有至少一个双键;
A是-CH3,-CH2OH,-COCH2OH,-COOH或其功能性衍生物;
R1是一个饱和或者不饱和的二价低级或中级脂族烃,它是未被取代的或者被卤素、烷基、羟基、氧、芳基或杂环基取代,并且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、氮或硫取代;和
R0是饱和或不饱和的低级或中级脂族烃基,它是未被取代的或者被卤素、氧、羟基、低级烷基、低级烷氧基、低级烷酰氧基、环(低级)烷基、环(低级)烷氧基、芳基、芳氧基、杂环基或杂环-氧基取代;低级烷氧基;低级烷酰氧基;环(低级)烷基;环(低级)烷氧基;芳基;芳氧基;杂环基;杂环氧基;并且该脂族烃中至少一个碳原子可任选地被氧、硫或氮取代。
3.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是一种11-脱氧-13,14-二氢前列腺素化合物。
4.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是11-脱氧-15-酮前列腺素化合物。
5.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是11-脱氧-16-一或二卤前列腺素化合物。
6.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-16-一或二卤前列腺素化合物。
7.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是11-脱氧-15-酮-16-一或二卤前列腺素化合物。
8.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物是11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16-一或二卤前列腺素化合物。
9.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16-一或二氟前列腺素化合物。
10.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16-一或二卤前列腺素E或F化合物。
11.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16-一或二氟前列腺素E或F化合物。
12.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中11-脱氧前列腺素化合物11-脱氧-13,14-二氢-15-酮-16,16-二氟前列腺素E1化合物。
13.权利要求1中所述的方法,其中该外周血管病是外周动脉病。
14.权利要求13中所述的方法,其中该外周血管病是动脉硬化。
15.一种用于治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的组合物,其中包含有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
16.11-脱氧前列腺素化合物用于制造治疗哺乳动物外周血管病的组合物的应用,其中该组合物含有有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
17.一种治疗哺乳动物受损的外周血管壁的方法,该方法包括向需要治疗的对象施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
18.一种治疗哺乳动物受损的外周血管内皮细胞的方法,该方法包括向需要治疗的对象施用有效数量的11-脱氧前列腺素化合物。
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IL (1) | IL185256A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO340755B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ561414A (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1853271E (zh) |
TW (2) | TW201410248A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006093348A2 (zh) |
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