TWI409384B - Control device and method for ship engine - Google Patents

Control device and method for ship engine Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI409384B
TWI409384B TW100110923A TW100110923A TWI409384B TW I409384 B TWI409384 B TW I409384B TW 100110923 A TW100110923 A TW 100110923A TW 100110923 A TW100110923 A TW 100110923A TW I409384 B TWI409384 B TW I409384B
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rotations
load resistance
fluctuation
resistance coefficient
engine
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TW100110923A
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TW201144581A (en
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Ichiro Tanaka
Takeshi Aoki
Hidenori Yamamoto
Akira Mitsufuji
Hiroki Watanabe
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Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng
Mitsui Zosen Systems Res Inc
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Publication of TW201144581A publication Critical patent/TW201144581A/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/21Control means for engine or transmission, specially adapted for use on marine vessels
    • B63H21/213Levers or the like for controlling the engine or the transmission, e.g. single hand control levers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/02Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving vehicles; peculiar to engines driving variable pitch propellers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/12Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D1/00Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
    • F02D1/02Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
    • F02D1/04Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered by mechanical means dependent on engine speed, e.g. using centrifugal governors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0626Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0634Determining a density, viscosity, composition or concentration
    • F02D19/0636Determining a density, viscosity, composition or concentration by estimation, i.e. without using direct measurements of a corresponding sensor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D31/00Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D31/001Electric control of rotation speed
    • F02D31/007Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/08Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling
    • F02D41/083Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for idling taking into account engine load variation, e.g. air-conditionning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1497With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
    • F02D41/1498With detection of the mechanical response of the engine measuring engine roughness
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0064Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel for engines being fed with multiple fuels or fuels having special properties, e.g. bio-fuels; varying the fuel composition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/007Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel characterised by its use in vehicles, in stationary plants or in small engines, e.g. hand held tools
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/0611Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality
    • F02D2200/0612Fuel type, fuel composition or fuel quality determined by estimation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

船舶引擎之控制裝置及方法
本發明是關於一種將船舶的主機旋轉數維持於一定目標值的引擎控制裝置。
在船舶一般採用旋轉數一定控制,將螺槳(propeller)旋轉數(主機旋轉數)維持於一定值。也就是說,船舶主機的調速器(governor)控制是以PID控制來維持實際旋轉數於目標旋轉數(專利文獻1)。
專利文獻1:特開平8-200131號公報
但是,在旋轉數一定控制,對應負載變動燃料供給量(fuel index)會變動,由此實際旋轉數也會以目標旋轉數為中心來變動。又,由於這些變動會隨著負載變動變大而增加,所以旋轉數控制在一定,則旋轉數的最大值或燃料供給量的最大值隨著負載變動的增加而變大,對引擎的負擔會增加至需要以上,並且燃料消耗會惡化。
本發明的目的是使船舶的主機旋轉數跟隨負載變動,並減輕對引擎的負載,改善燃料消耗。
本發明的船舶用引擎之控制裝置,其特徵在於依負載抵抗係數的變動幅度大的程度,向下修正主機的目標旋轉數,抑制伴隨負載變動的主機旋轉數的最大值上昇。
負載抵抗係數為例如從主機旋轉數與被輸出至主機的燃料指標(fuel index)的值求出,負載抵抗係數的變動幅度是做為負載抵抗係數的變動成分的實效值而被算出。
本發明的船舶,其特徵在於具備上述船舶用引擎控制裝置。
又,本發明的船舶用引擎控制方法,其特徵在於依負載抵抗係數的變動幅度大的程度,向下修正主機的目標旋轉數,抑制伴隨負載變動的主機旋轉數的最大值上昇。
根據本發明,可以使船舶的主機旋轉數跟隨負載變動,並減輕對引擎的負載,改善燃料消耗。
以下參照附圖說明關於本發明的實施形態。
第一圖是顯示本實施形態的引擎控制裝置的結構的方塊圖。
在本實施形態的引擎控制裝置10,引擎11是船舶的主機,其軸(shaft,圖未顯示)被直接或藉由減速機連結於例如推進用的螺槳(圖未顯示)。至引擎11的燃料供給量是根據從控制部12輸出的燃料指標FIe被控制,目標旋轉數No被操縱者做為控制指令給予引擎控制裝置10。
又,在引擎控制裝置10設有計測引擎11的實際旋轉數Ne的感應器(圖未顯示),已計測之實際旋轉數Ne被回饋至控制部12的輸入側。也就是說,目標旋轉數No與實際旋轉數Ne的偏差被輸入至控制部12。又,實際旋轉數Ne被輸入至Rσ演算部13,在Rσ演算部13,從實際旋轉數Ne以及現在的燃料指標FIe的值算出目標旋轉數No的補正量。Rσ演算部13求出後述的負載抵抗係數R的變動幅度,據此算出目標旋轉數No的補正量(K‧Rσ),而算出的補正量(K‧Rσ)被回饋至控制部12的輸入側,補正已設定的目標旋轉數No的值。
接下來,說明關於負載抵抗係數R的含意以及負載抵抗係數R的算出方法,以及目標旋轉數No的補正量的算出方法。在以下的說明,將旋轉速度(旋轉數)N、輸出Pw、力矩Q、燃料指標FI的值,以引擎的額定最大連續出力(maximum continuous rating;MCR)時變成100%的百分率[%]來表示。
根據螺槳定律(Propeller Law),輸出Pw[%]與旋轉速度(旋轉數)N[%]的三次方成比例,表示為式(1)。
Pw=R‧(N/100)3  (1)
其中,R是依存海象的係數[%],本說明書中將係數R稱為負載抵抗係數。又,R[%]在平靜水面狀態(沒有波浪與風的平穩狀態)航行時的平均值變成100%。
另一方面,由於力矩Q[%]、輸出Pw[%]、旋轉速度N[%]之間為式(2)的關係,
Q=Pw/(N/100) (2)
所以力矩Q採用負載抵抗係數R,以式(3)表示。
Q=R‧(N/100)2  (3)
再者,由於調速器(governor)控制中燃料指標FI[%]被視為等於力矩Q[%](FI=Q),所以從式(3)得到式(4)。
FI=R‧(N/100)2  (4)
因此,以代入現在的燃料指標FIe[%]、實際旋轉速度Ne[%]至式(4),做為式(5)求出現在的負載抵抗係數Re的值。
Re=FIe/(Ne/100)2  (5)
在本實施形態,做為表示負載抵抗係數R的變動幅度的指標,採用負載抵抗係數Re的變動成分的實效值Rσ(負載抵抗係數的標準差)。也就是說,Rσ以式(6)表示。
Rσ=(Rrms 2 -Rav 2 )1/2  (6)Rrms =[(∫(Re(t))2 dt)/T]1/2
其中Rrms 是Re的實效值,積分是例如經過過去期間T(t1~t2)者(t2為例如對應現在時間)。又,Rav 是經過負載抵抗係數Re(t)的期間T(t1~t2)的平均值,期間T選擇例如較變動(波浪)的週期長的時間。又,做為期間T,較佳為代表現在海象的Rav 被獲得的時間,選擇例如數十秒到一小時程度的時間。但是,期間T也可以比前述時間長,在波浪的週期短的狀況,也可以選擇比前述時間短的週期。
又,本實施形態中,目標旋轉數No的補正量是做為例如Rσ與補正係數K相乘的值K‧Rσ被求出。又,補正係數K是從模擬或實驗求出,負載抵抗係數的變動幅度的擴大引起實際旋轉數Ne的變動,補正係數K被變成抑制在前述實際旋轉數Ne的變動的最大值(上側頂峰值)上昇的值(後述)。又,補正量被負回饋至輸入側,補正後的目標旋轉數(No-K‧Rσ)與實際旋轉數Ne的偏差(No-K‧Rσ-Ne)被輸入至控制部12。控制部12對於被輸入的值進行例如PID演算,將燃料指標FI輸出至引擎11的操作端。
接下來參照第二圖,說明關於本實施形態的作用、效果。第二圖表示對於旋轉數變成一定的以往旋轉速度控制方式A,以及進行指令旋轉數的補正的本實施形態的速度控制方式(指令速度自動變更方式)B的模擬結果。也就是說,對於各控制方式A、B,第二(c)圖所示,給予負載抵抗係數Re的變動時,表示在各控制方式A、B的(a)旋轉數變動、(b)燃料指標的變動。
在此,如第二(c)圖所示,給予各控制方式A、B的負載抵抗係數Re的變動是相同的(符號A3、B3)。又,以兩控制方式A、B被設定的目標旋轉數No的值也是相同的90[%]。在第二圖的曲線圖中,表示在橫軸(時間軸)0~100秒的範圍,控制方式A的各物理量的變動[%],在100~200秒的範圍,控制方式B的各物理量的變動[%]。
如第二(c)圖所示,假定的負載抵抗係數Re,以在平靜水面狀態的值Re=100[%]為中心,以約10秒週期變動,其振幅在圖示範圍內逐漸擴大。
此時,在變成旋轉數一定的控制方式A,旋轉速度(實際旋轉數)Ne追隨負載抵抗係數Re的變動,以目標旋轉數No=90[%]為中心,相對於負載抵抗係數Re,以大致逆相位的對應重複10秒週期的變動,其振幅也逐漸被擴大(符號A1)。在方式A,變動的中心被維持於目標旋轉數No,所以隨著振幅的擴大,旋轉數Ne的最大值(上側頂峰值)會增加,在圖示例中,實際旋轉數Ne的最大值達到約95[%]。又,此時燃料指標FIe(符號A2),以81[%]為中心,相對於負載抵抗係數Re(符號A1),以大致相同相位、相同週期振動,振幅也對應負載抵抗係數Re的振幅增加而擴大。
另一方面,在補正目標旋轉數的控制方式B,當負載抵抗係數的變動幅度變大(符號B3),則配合這些,向下修正(補正)目標旋轉數No。因此,實際旋轉數Ne,相對於負載抵抗係數Re,以大致逆相位同週期振動,但藉由向下修正目標旋轉數No,大致一定地維持振動的實際旋轉數Ne的最大值(上側頂峰值),抑制最大值的上昇。又,圖示的例中,實際旋轉數Ne的最大值被抑制在92[%]。此時,燃料指標FIe(符號B2),以與負載抵抗係數Re大致相同相位、同週期變動,其振幅也擴大,但其上側頂峰值、中心值逐漸低落,大幅抑制燃料消耗。
如上,根據本實施形態,從負載抵抗係數的變動成分的變動幅度,自動補正(向下修正)指令旋轉數,使主機旋轉數追隨負載變動,並可以抑制在主機旋轉數的變動的上側頂峰值的上昇,可減輕對引擎的負載。又,以指令旋轉數的向下修正抑制燃料指標的輸出,改善燃料消耗。再者,本實施形態中,由於在主機旋轉數的變動的上側頂峰值保持在大致一定,使旋轉數不會低於需要的程度。
又,本實施形態中,因為從實際旋轉數、實際燃料指標求出負載抵抗係數,所以不必設有新結構,即可以將海象狀態計量化,適當正確地補正指令旋轉數。
又,本實施形態中,將負載抵抗係數的變動成分的實效值,做為評價負載抵抗係數的變動幅度的指標,但也可以用實效值以外的指標。又,在使因波浪等導致旋轉數的變動的頂峰值不增加的意義中,實際旋轉數的最大值(上側頂峰)與目標旋轉數比較,也可以將目標旋轉數向下修正成其差不超過設定值(例如第二圖中的2%)。又,在控制部,不限於PID控制,也可以適用於現代控制理論、適應控制、學習控制等。
10...船舶用引擎控制裝置
11...主機引擎
12...控制部
13...Rσ演算部
FIe...燃料指標
K‧Rσ...補正量
Ne...實際旋轉數
No...目標旋轉數
第一圖:顯示本實施形態的引擎控制裝置的結構的方塊圖。
第二圖:顯示在對負載抵抗係數的變動的旋轉速度控制方式、本實施形態的控制方式的各種物理量變動的曲線圖。
10...船舶用引擎控制裝置
11...主機引擎
12...控制部
13...Rσ演算部
FIe...燃料指標
K‧Rσ...目標旋轉數之補正量
Ne...實際旋轉數
No...目標旋轉數

Claims (5)

  1. 一種船舶用引擎之控制裝置,其特徵在於依負載抵抗係數的變動幅度大的程度,向下修正主機的目標旋轉數,抑制伴隨負載變動的主機旋轉數的最大值上昇。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之船舶用引擎之控制裝置,其中前述負載抵抗係數是從前述主機旋轉數與被輸出至前述主機的燃料指標(fuel index)的值求出。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之船舶用引擎之控制裝置,其中前述變動幅度是做為負載抵抗係數的變動成分的實效值而被算出。
  4. 一種船舶,具備如申請專利範圍第1~3項中任一項所述之船舶用引擎之控制裝置。
  5. 一種船舶用引擎之控制方法,其特徵在於依負載抵抗係數的變動幅度大的程度,向下修正主機的目標旋轉數,抑制伴隨負載變動的主機旋轉數的最大值上昇。
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JP7448415B2 (ja) * 2020-01-28 2024-03-12 ナブテスコ株式会社 燃料制御装置、及び舵制御装置
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