TWI407956B - 3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并〔4,5-d〕嘧啶-2-酮化合物及其前藥 - Google Patents
3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并〔4,5-d〕嘧啶-2-酮化合物及其前藥 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI407956B TWI407956B TW094144743A TW94144743A TWI407956B TW I407956 B TWI407956 B TW I407956B TW 094144743 A TW094144743 A TW 094144743A TW 94144743 A TW94144743 A TW 94144743A TW I407956 B TWI407956 B TW I407956B
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Classifications
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- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於具有免疫調節活性之3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物及其前藥,本發明也關於此化合物之治療或預防用途及含彼之醫藥組成物,及經由用藥有效量的此化合物及前藥治療本文說明的疾病及障礙之方法。
最近數十年明顯擴大努力於探索鳥嘌呤同系物及其核甙之可能醫療用途,目前上市數種核甙同系物作為抗病毒劑,包括HIV逆轉錄酶抑制劑例如ZAT、ddI、ddC、d4T、3TC及鳥甙核甙同系物阿巴克(abacavir),不受限於特定的理論,核甙同系物經由直接抑制病原體或腫瘤、經由刺激宿主免疫功能、或這些之部份組合或其他機制而可提供益處。
證明有免疫調節活性的其中一種研究的鳥甙是5-胺基-3-(β-D-核糖呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7(3H,6H)二酮(7-噻-8-酮基鳥甙),例如,部份嘧啶并[4,5-d]嘧啶核甙是揭示在給Robins et al.之美國專利5,041,542號,其在BDF1小鼠中可有效治療對抗L1210。此外,3-β-D-核糖呋喃核糖基噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶類證明有明顯的免疫活性,包括鼠脾細胞複製及活體內活性對抗Semliki Forest病毒,是揭示在給Robins et al.之美國專利5,041,426及4,880,784號。許多出版文獻也揭示噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶部份之非糖基衍生物,見例如美國專利5,994,321及5,446,045;Revankaret al.,J.Het.Chem.
,30,1341-49(1993);Lewiset al.,J.Het.Chem.
,32,547-56(1995)。
本發明揭示新穎的3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物、其藥學活性前藥、藥學活性代謝物、藥學上可接受的鹽、及藥學上可接受的溶劑化物,其可作為免疫調節劑使用。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明包括在對其有需要的病人中治療或預防C型肝炎病毒感染之方法,其包括將有效治療或預防量之3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物或其前藥用藥至病人。
在一般性方面,本發明係關於前藥,其係式I之3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物
其中X是O或S,Y是O或S,R1
是H、烷基、芳基、環烷基或雜環基,R2
是NH2
、-NHC(O)R4
、-NHR5
、-N=CHNR6
R7
,R3
是H、Cl、Br或OR8
,R4
是-C1
-C7
-烷基或-O(C1
-C7
-烷基),R5
是-C1
-C7
-烷基,R6
及R7
獨立地是-C1
-C7
-烷基或與氮原子一起形成5-或6-員雜環,R8
是-CHR9
R1 0
,R9
是H、-C1
-C7
-烷基、環烷基、芳基、雜環基、-NR1 1
R1 2
或OR5
,R1 0
是-C1
-C7
-烷基、環烷基、芳基、雜環基、-NR1 1
R1 2
或OR5
,R1 1
及R1 2
獨立地是H、-C1
-C7
-烷基或-C(O)R4
,其中當X是O,Y是S,且R3
是H、Cl、Br或OR8
時,R1
不是H或β-D-核糖或其酯類,其中上述烷基、芳基、環烷基或雜環基部份視需要經1-4個選自下列之取代基取代氫,烷醯基,烷胺基,胺基,芳基、環烷基、雜環基,疊氮基,C1
-C6
-烷基、C1
-C6
-鹵烷基、C1
-C6
-羥基烷基、C1
-C6
-烷氧基、C1
-C6
-烷胺基、C1
-C6
-二烷胺基、C2
-C6
-烯基或C2
-C6
-炔基,其中其各可插入一或多個雜原子,羧基,氰基,鹵基,羥基,巰基,硝基,硫烷基,-N=N-NH2
,-C(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-C(O)2
-(芳基)、-C(O)2
-(環烷基)、-C(O)2
-(雜環基)、-O-(C1
-C6
-鹵烷基)、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)芳基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)環烷基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)雜環基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)二烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-二烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-二烷胺基、-O-芳基、-O-雜環基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烯基)、-NHC(O)-(芳基)、-NHC(O)-(環烷基)、-NHC(O)-(雜環基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)芳基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)環烷基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)雜環基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)N(H)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-烷胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)S(O)2
(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S-(雜環基)、-NHS(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(O)2
-(芳基)、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-烷胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-二烷胺基、-NHS(O)2
-(環烷基)、-NHS(O)2
-(雜環基)、-NHS(O)(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(O)(芳基)、-NHS(O)(環烷基)、-NHS(O)(雜環基)、-NHS(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(芳基)、-NHS(環烷基)及-NH-S-(雜環基),其中各上述取代基可另視需要經1-5個選自下列之取代基取代,胺基,C1
-C6
-烷胺基、C1
-C6
-二烷胺基,C1
-C6
-烷基、C1
-C6
-烷氧基、C1
-C6
-烯基、C1
-C6
-羥基及C1
-C6
-羥基烷基,各視需要經下列取代氰基,鹵基及硝基,或其藥學上可接受的鹽、水合物或立體異構物。
在一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其中R2
是NH2
。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其中R3
是H。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其中X是O且Y是S。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其中R1
是選自
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其係選自
在另一個一般性方面,本發明係關於式II之3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物
其中X是O或S,Y是O或S,Z是O或CH2
,R2
是-NH2
、-NHC(O)R4
、-NHR5
、-N=CHNR6
R7
,R4
是-C1
-C7
-烷基或-O(C1
-C7
-烷基),R5
是-C1
-C7
-烷基,R6
及R7
獨立地是-C1
-C7
-烷基或與氮原子一起形成5-或6-員雜環,R1 3
是OH或SH,R1 4
是H、-CH2
OH或-CH2
-O-C(O)C1 - 1 8
烷基,R1 5
是OH、烯基、-OC(O)C1 - 1 8
烷基、-OC(O)芳基或-OC(O)雜環基,R1 6
、R1 7
、R1 8
及R1 9
獨立地是H、鹵基、N3
、烷基、-(CH2
)m
OR2 0
、-(CH2
)m
OC(O)C1 - 1 8
烷基、-OC(O)芳基、-OS(O)2
芳基,或R1 6
及R1 7
是烯基,或R1 7
及R1 9
結核在一起而形成二噁茂環,R2 0
是H或烷基,m是0或1,n是1或2,其中如果R2
是NH2
,則下列之一必須存在:Z是CH2
;n是2或m是1;至少其中一個R1 6
、R1 7
、R1 8
及R1 9
是鹵基、N3
、烷基或-(CH2
)m
OR2 0
其中m是1,且其中如果R1 7
是N3
,則R1 8
及R1 9
不是H,且其中如果R1 7
是OH且R1 6
及R1 9
是H,則R1 8
不是F;或R1 6
及R1 7
是烯基,其中上述烷基、芳基、環烷基或雜環基部份視需要經1-4個選自下列之取代基取代氫,烷醯基,烷胺基,胺基,芳基、環烷基、雜環基,疊氮基,C1
-C6
-烷基、C1
-C6
-鹵烷基、C1
-C6
-羥基烷基、C1
-C6
-烷氧基、C1
-C6
-烷胺基、C1
-C6
-二烷胺基、C2
-C6
-烯基或C2
-C6
-炔基,其中其各可插入一或多個雜原子,羧基,氰基,鹵基,羥基,巰基,硝基,硫烷基,-N=N-NH2
,-C(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-C(O)2
-(芳基)、-C(O)2
-(環烷基)、-C(O)2
-(雜環基)、-O-(C1
-C6
-鹵烷基)、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)芳基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)環烷基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)雜環基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)二烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-二烷胺基、-O-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-二烷胺基、-O-芳基、-O-雜環基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烯基)、-NHC(O)-(芳基)、-NHC(O)-(環烷基)、-NHC(O)-(雜環基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)芳基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)環烷基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)雜環基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)N(H)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)C(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-烷胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-C(O)-二烷胺基、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)S(O)2
(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHC(O)-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S-(雜環基)、-NHS(O)2
-(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(O)2
-(芳基)、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-烷胺基、-NH-(C1
-C6
-烷基)-S(O)2
-二烷胺基、-NHS(O)2
-(環烷基)、-NHS(O)2
-(雜環基)、-NHS(O)(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(O)(芳基)、-NHS(O)(環烷基)、-NHS(O)(雜環基)、-NHS(C1
-C6
-烷基)、-NHS(芳基)、-NHS(環烷基)及-NH-S-(雜環基),其中各上述取代基可另視需要經1-5個選自下列之取代基取代,胺基,C1
-C6
-烷胺基、C1
-C6
-二烷胺基,C1
-C6
-烷基、C1
-C6
-烷氧基、C1
-C6
-烯基、C1
-C6
-羥基及C1
-C6
-羥基烷基,各視需要經下列取代氰基,鹵基及硝基,或其藥學上可接受的鹽、水合物或立體異構物。
在一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式II化合物,其中R2
是NH2
。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式II化合物,其中R3
是OH。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式II化合物,其中X是O且Y是S。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於式II化合物,其係選自
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明係關於3,5-二取代和3,5,7-三取代-3H-唑并及3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮化合物,其係選自
本發明也關於式I前藥之化合物或代謝物、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物之藥學活性代謝物、藥學上可接受的鹽及藥學上可接受的溶劑化物,也關於製造本發明化合物之有利方法。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可作為免疫系統強化劑使用且具有某些免疫系統性質包括調整、有絲分裂、增加及/或強化或其為具有這些性質的化合物之中間物。這些化合物預期在宿主免疫系統之至少一種天然殺傷細胞、巨唑細胞、樹突狀細胞或淋巴細胞中表現效應。因為這些性質,其可作為抗病毒劑及抗腫瘤劑或作為抗病毒劑及抗腫瘤劑之中間物。經由作為合適的醫藥組成物之活性成份,其可用於治療受感染的宿主。
在本發明之一個方面,式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物,經由將有效醫療量的化合物用藥至哺乳動物,可以在包括人類之哺乳動物中治療全部的病毒疾病。可以用本發明化合物治療的病毒疾病包括經由RNA及DNA病毒造成之急性及慢性感染。不受限於任何方式,式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以治療的病毒感染之範圍特別是用於治療腺病毒、巨細胞病毒、A型肝炎病毒(HAV)、B型肝炎病毒(HBV)、黃病毒屬包括黃熱病病毒及C型肝炎病毒(HCV)、1及2型單純疱疹、帶狀疱疹、人類疱疹病毒6、人類免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、人類乳頭瘤病毒(HPV)、A型感冒病毒、B型感冒病毒、麻疹、副流行性感冒病毒、脊髓灰質炎病毒、痘病毒(包括牛痘及猴痘病毒)、鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、造成出血熱的多種病毒包括沙粒病毒(LCM、Junin病毒、Machup病毒、Guanarito病毒及拉沙熱病毒)、布尼亞病毒(漢它病毒及Rift山谷熱病毒)及Filoviruses(伊波拉病毒及Marburg病毒)、多種腦炎病毒包括West Nile病毒、LaCrosse病毒、加州腦炎病毒、Venezuelan Equine腦炎病毒、Eastern Equine腦炎病毒、Western Equine腦炎病毒、日本腦炎病毒、Kysanur Forest病毒及蜱傳播腦炎病毒例如Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic熱病毒。
在本發明之一個方面,式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物,經由將有效醫療量的化合物用藥至哺乳動物,可以在包括人類之哺乳動物中治療細菌、真菌及原蟲感染。全部的致病微生物刀包括在可用本發明化合物治療,包括但不限於對抗生素有抵抗性的生物體。化合物活化免疫系統多重成份之能力繞行常見而降低對抗生素感受性之抵抗機制,且因此經由式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物在哺乳動物中治療經由此抵抗性微生物之感染,是本發明的一個特別用途。
在本發明之一個方面,式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物,經由將有效醫療量的化合物用藥至哺乳動物,可以在哺乳動物中治療腫瘤。可以治療的腫瘤或癌症包括但不限於經由病毒造成者,且效應包括抑制病毒感染的細胞轉化成新生物的狀態、抑制病毒從轉化的細胞擴散至其他正常細胞、及/或阻止病毒轉化的細胞之生長。本發明之化合物預期可用於對抗多種腫瘤,包括但不限於癌、肉瘤及白血病。包括在此類的是乳房、結腸、膀胱、肺、前列腺、胃及胰臟癌及淋巴與骨髓白血病。
在本發明之一個方面,一種治療哺乳動物之方法包括用藥有效治療及/或預防量之含本發明化合物之藥劑。在此方面,其效應係關於調節部份的哺乳動物免疫系統,尤其是調節Th1及Th2之細胞活素活性,包括但不限於白介素家族例如IL-1至IL-12,及其他細胞活素例如TNF α,及干擾素包括α、干擾素β及干擾素γ,及其下游的效應體。當Th1及Th2細胞活素之調節發生時,其調節包括同時刺激Th1及Th2、同時抑制Th1及Th2、刺激Th1或Th2且抑制另一者、或兩種方式的調節其中對Th1/Th2之一個效應(例如一般性抑制)在高濃度發生,而另一個效應(例如刺激Th1或Th2且抑制另一者)在較低濃度發生。
在本發明之一個方面,將有效治療劑量的合式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物之醫藥組成物用藥至接受不包括本發明化合物的抗感染藥劑之哺乳動物。在本發明之一個較佳方面,含式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物之醫藥組成物在有效治療劑量下與抗感染藥劑用藥,直接作用在感染物而抑制感染物之生長或將其殺死。
在另一個方面,本發明包括在對其有需要之哺乳動物中治療或預防C型肝炎感染之方法,較宜是對其有需要之人類。
在另一個方面,本發明包括在對其有需要之病人中治療或預防C型肝炎感染之方法,其包括將有效治療或預防量之式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物及藥學上可接受的賦形劑、載劑或媒劑用藥至病人。
在另一個方面,本發明包括在對其有需要之病人中治療或預防C型肝炎感染之方法,其包括將有效治療或預防量之式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化含物及其他醫療劑用藥至病人,較宜是順應所要用途之適當的其他抗病毒劑或抗腫瘤劑。
在本發明之一個較佳方面,提供一種含有效治療量的式I前藥之醫藥組成物供改善口服有效性并作為免疫調節劑用藥。在本發明之另一個較佳方面,提供一種含有效治療量的本發明式I前藥之醫藥組成物,當藥劑通過胃內襯的淋巴組織時用於遮蓋活性結構,因而減少此組織之活化并使得改善口服耐受性。
當下列名詞用在此說明書時,其係在下列定義使用:名詞“包含(comprising)”及“包括(including)”是在其開放、非限制性下在本文中使用。
名詞“嘧啶”係指氮的單環雜環基。
名詞“烷基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括含直鏈、支鏈或環狀部份(包括稠合及橋接的二環及螺環部份)或上述部份組合之飽和單價烴基,對於含環狀部份之烷基,此基必須至少含三個碳原子。
名詞“烯基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括含至少一個碳-碳雙鍵之烷基部份,其中烷基是如上述之定義且包括該烯基部份之E及Z異構物。
名詞“炔基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括含至少一個碳-碳參鍵之烷基部份,其中烷基是如上述之定義。
名詞“烷氧基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括O-烷基,其中烷基是如上述之定義。
名詞“Me”係指甲基,“Et”係指乙基,“Ac”係指乙醯基,“Bz”係指苯甲醯基且“Tol”係指甲苯醯基。
名詞“環烷基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,係指非芳族、飽和或部份飽和的單環或稠合、螺或未稠合的二環或三環烴基,總共含3至10個碳原子,較宜是5-8個環碳原子。環烷基實例包括含從3-7,較宜3-6個碳原子之單環,例如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基等,環烷基之說明實例是衍生自氮不限於下列:
名詞“芳基”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括經由去除一個氫而衍生自芳族烴的有機基,例如苯基或萘基。
名詞“雜環基(heterocyclyl)”或“雜環基(heterocyclic)”在本文使用時,除非另外說明,包括含一至四個各選自O、S及N的雜原子之芳族(例如雜芳基)及非芳族雜環基,其中各雜環基在其環系統中含從4-10個原子,且條件是該基之環不含兩個相鄰的O或S原子。非芳族雜環基包括在其環系統中只含4個原子之基,但是芳族雜環基在其環系統中必須含至少5個原子。雜環基包括苯并-稠合的環系統。4員雜環基之實例是吖丁啶基(衍生自吖丁啶)。5員雜環基之實例是噻唑基且10員雜環基之實例是喹啉基。非芳族雜環基之實例是吡咯啶基、四氫呋喃基、二氫呋喃基、四氫噻嗯基、四氫吡喃基、二氫吡喃基、四氫硫吡喃基、六氫吡啶基、嗎福啉基、硫嗎福啉基、噻基、六氫吡基、吖丁啶基、坦基(oxetanyl)、噻坦基(thietanyl)、高六氫吡啶基、平基(oxepanyl)、噻平基(thiepanyl)、氮雜基、二氮雜基、噻氮雜基、1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吲哚基、2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、二烷基、1,3-二氧戊環基、吡唑啉基、二噻烷基、二硫戊環基、二氫吡喃基、二氫噻嗯基、二氫呋喃基、吡唑啶基、咪唑啉基、咪唑啶基、3-氮雜二環[3.1.0]己基、3-氮雜二環[4.1.0]庚基、3H-吲哚基及喹基。芳族雜環基之實例是吡啶基、咪唑基、嘧啶基、吡唑基、三唑基、吡基、四唑基、呋喃基、噻嗯基、異唑基、噻唑基、唑基、異噻唑基、吡咯基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、苯并呋喃基、啈啉基、吲唑基、吲哚基、酞基、嗒基、三基、異吲哚基、喋啶基、嘌呤基、二唑基、噻二唑基、呋咱基、苯并呋咱基、苯并噻吩基、苯並噻唑基、苯并唑基、喹唑啉基、喹啉基、萘啶基及呋吡啶基。上述基,當衍生自上列基時,可以是可能的C-連接或N-連接。例如,衍生自吡咯的基可以是吡咯-1-基(N-連接)或吡咯-3-基(C-連接)。而且,衍生自咪唑的基可以是咪唑-1-基(N-連接)或咪唑-3-基(C-連接)。4-10員雜環可以視需要在每個環的環碳、硫或氮原子上經由一或兩個酮基取代。其中2個環碳原子經酮基取代的雜環基實例是1,1-二酮基-硫嗎福啉基。4-10員雜環之其他說明實例是衍生自但不限於下列:
名詞“免疫調節劑”係指經由刺激或抑制而可改良正常或失常的免疫系統之天然或合成的產品。
名詞“預防”係指本發明化合物或組成物在診斷患有本文提到的疾病或有發生此疾病的風險之病人中防止疾病之能力。此名詞也包括在已經遭受或有此疾病的症狀之病人進一步發展此疾病。
名詞“病人”或“受治療者”係指動物(例如牛、馬、羊、豬、雞、火雞、鵪鶉)、貓、狗、小鼠、大鼠、兔子、天竺鼠等)或哺乳動物包括嵌合體及基因轉移的動物及哺乳類。在治療或預防HCV感染中,名詞“病人”或“受治療者”較宜指猴子或人,最宜是人。在特定的具體實施例中,病人或受治療者是感染或暴露至C型肝炎病毒。在某些具體實施例中,病人是人類嬰兒(0-2歲)、兒童(2-17歲)、青少年(12-17歲)、成人(18歲及以上)或老人(70歲及以上)的病人。此外,病人包括免疫妥協的病人例如HIV陽性病人、癌症病人、進行免疫醫療或化學醫療的病人。在特定的具體實施例中,病人是健康的個體,也就是沒有顯現其他病毒感染之症狀。
名詞“有效醫療量”係指在治療或預防病毒疾病、延遲或減低與病毒感染或病毒引發的疾病之症狀、或治療或減輕疾病或感染或其原因時,本發明化合物足以提供益處之量。具體地說,有效醫療量係指在活體內足以提供醫療益處之量。關於本發明化合物之使用量,此名詞較宜包括無毒性的量,其提供整體的醫療、減少或避免疾病之症狀或原因,或增強醫療功效或與其他醫療劑之協同增效。
名詞“有效預防量”係指足以導致預防病毒感染、復發及散播之本發明化合物或其他活性成份之量。有效預防量可指足以防止最初感染或感染或與感染相關的疾病之復發及散播之量。關於本發明化合物之量,此名詞較宜包括無毒性的量,其改善整體性預防或增強預防性功效或與其他預防或醫療劑之協同增效。
名詞“結合”係指同時或依序且在其個別效應是加成或協同增效之方式下使用一種以上的預防及/或治療劑。名詞“治療”係指:(i)在演變成疾病、障礙及/或情形但是尚未經診斷患有的動物中預防發生此疾病、障礙、或情形;(ii)抑制疾病、障礙、或情形,也就是抑制其發展;及(iii)解除疾病、障礙、或情形,也就是造成疾病、障礙、或情形之恢復。
名詞“α”及“β”係指取代基在所畫的化學結構中的不對稱碳原子之特定立體化學組態。
本發明化合物可顯顯互變異構物現象,雖然化學式無法描述全部可能的互變異構物形式,必須了解其係代表所述化合物之任何互變異構物形式且不僅限於所畫的化學式描述之特定化合物。例如,不管取代基是顯示在其烯醇或其酮基形式,式II代表相同的化合物(如下列實例所示)。
部份本發明化合物可存在為單一的立體異構物(也就是實質上無其他立體異構物)、外消旋物及/或對掌異構物及/或非對掌異構物之混合物。全部此單一的立體異構物、外消旋物及其混合物都包括在本發明之範圍內,本發明光學活性之化合物較宜使用在光學純的形式。
一般從事此藝者知道具有一個對掌中心(也就是不對稱碳原子)之純光學活性化合物是實質上含兩種可能的對掌異構物之其中一者(也就是純對掌異構性),且含一個以上的對掌中心之純光學化合物是同時純非對掌異構性及純對掌異構性。本發明化合物較宜使用的形式是至少90%光學純度,也就是含至少90%之單一異構物之形式(80%對掌異構性過度(“e.e.”)或非對掌異構性過度(“d.e.”)),更宜至少95%(90%e.e.或d.e.),再更宜至少97.5%(95% e.e.或d.e.),且最宜至少99%(98% e.e.或d.e.)。
此外,式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物是包括指定結構之溶劑化以及沒有溶劑化的形式,例如,式I包括水合及非水合化的指定結構之化合物。溶劑化物之其他實例包括與異丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸或乙醇胺。
除了式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物之外,本發明包括此化合物及代謝物之醫藥活性代謝物及藥學上可接受的鹽。
“藥學上可接受的前藥”是一種化合物,其在顯現藥學效應前,在生理情形下或經由水解,可以轉化成特定的化合物或此化合物之藥學上可接受的鹽。通常,前藥是具有改進化學安定性、改進病人接受度及順應性、改進生物利用性、延長作用期限、改進器官選擇性、改進調配(例如增加水溶性)及/或減少副作用(例如毒性)之目的而調配。使用此項技藝中已知的方法可以容易地製備前藥,例如揭示在Burger’s Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Chemistry
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“藥學活性代謝物”係指特定化合物或其鹽在體內經由代謝產生的藥理活性產物。進入體內後,大部分藥劑是用於化學反應之物質,其可改變其物理性質及生物效應。這些代謝轉化,其通常影響本發明化合物之極性,改變藥劑之分布及排泄方式。但是,在部份情形中,藥劑之代謝是醫療效應所必需。例如,抗代謝物種類之抗癌藥劑傳輸至癌細胞內後,必需轉化成其活性形式。
因為大部分藥劑進行某種形式之代謝轉化,參與藥劑代謝之生化反應可能很多且多樣,藥劑代謝之主要部位是肝臟,雖然其他組織也可參與。
許多這些轉化之特徵是代謝產物或“代謝物”是比母藥劑更極性,雖然極性藥劑有時後產生較低極性之產物。具有高脂肪/水分布係數之物質,其容易通過細胞膜,也容易從尿管經由腎管細胞擴散回到血漿。據此,此物質在體內傾向於具有低腎清除性及長持續性。如果藥劑是代謝成更極性的化合物,具有較低分布係數者,其管狀再吸收將大幅下降。而且,陰離子及陽離子在鄰近腎管及在薄壁組織肝細胞之特定分泌機制是在高極性物質下操作。
至於特定的實例,非那西汀(乙醯基非那西汀)及乙醯苯胺都是溫和的止痛劑及退熱劑,但是在體內轉化成更極性且更有效的代謝物之對羥基醯替苯胺(撲熱息痛),其在目前廣泛地使用。當乙醯苯胺之劑量給予病人時,相繼的代謝物依序在血漿內達到峰值並衰退。在第一個小時中,乙醯苯胺是主要的血漿成份,在第二個小時中,當乙醯苯胺值下降時,代謝物撲熱息痛濃度達到最高。最後,經數小時後,主要血漿成份是惰性的其他代謝物且可從體內排泄。據此,一或多種代謝物以及藥劑本身之血漿濃度,可以是有藥理重要性。
“藥學上可接受的鹽”係指保留特定化合物的自由態酸或鹼之生物有效性而無生物或其他不要的性質之鹽,本發明化合物可能含有足夠的酸性、足夠的鹼性或兩者之官能基,且據此與任何無機或有機鹼、及無機或有機酸反應而形成藥學上可接受的鹽。藥學上可接受的鹽之實例包括本發明化合物與無機或有機酸或無機鹼反應製備的鹽類,例如硫酸鹽、焦硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、單氫磷酸鹽、二氫磷酸鹽、間磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸鹽、丙酸鹽、癸酸鹽、辛酸鹽、丙烯酸鹽、甲酸鹽、異丁酸鹽、己酸鹽、庚酸鹽、丙炔酸鹽、草酸鹽、丙二酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、辛二酸鹽、癸二酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、丁炔-1,4-二酸鹽、己炔-1,6-二酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、氯苯甲酸鹽、甲基苯甲酸鹽、二硝基苯甲酸鹽、羥基苯甲酸鹽、甲氧基苯甲酸鹽、酞酸鹽、磺酸鹽、二甲苯磺酸鹽、苯基乙酸鹽、苯基丙酸鹽、苯基丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、乳酸鹽、γ-羥基丁酸鹽、乙二醇鹽、酒石酸鹽、甲基磺酸鹽、丙基磺酸鹽、萘-1-磺酸鹽、萘-2-磺酸鹽及扁桃酸鹽。
如果本發明化合物是鹼,所要的藥學上可接受的鹽可經由此項技藝中任何合適的方法製備,例如將自由態鹼用無機酸例如氫氯酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等或用有機酸例如乙酸、馬來酸、琥珀酸、扁桃酸、富馬酸、蘋果酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乙醇酸、水楊酸、吡喃甙酸例如葡萄醛酸或半乳糖醛酸、及α-羥基酸例如檸檬酸或酒石酸、氨基酸例如天冬胺酸或穀胺酸、芳族酸例如苯甲酸或肉桂酸、磺酸例如對甲苯磺酸或乙磺酸等處理。
如果本發明化合物是酸,所要的藥學上可接受的鹽可用任何合適的方法製備,例如將自由態酸用無機或有機鹼,例如胺(一級、二級或三級)、鹼金屬槍氧化物或鹼土金屬氫氧化物等處理。合適的鹽之說明實例包括衍生自胺基酸例如賴胺酸及精胺酸、氨、一級、二級及三級胺、及環狀胺例如六氫吡啶、嗎福啉及六氫吡之有機鹽類,及衍生自鈉、鈣、鉀、鎂、錳、鐵、銅、鋅、鋁及鋰之無機鹽類。
在固體藥劑之情形下,從事此藝者了解本發明化合物及鹽類可存在為不同結晶及多晶型形式,全部這些都包括在本發明之範圍及特定的式內。
本發明提供在對其有需要之病人中治療或預防C型肝炎感染之方法。
本發明還提供將有效醫療量的式I前藥、式II化合物或本發明其他化合物或此化合物之組合引入病人血液以治療或預防C型肝炎病毒之方法。
式I前藥、式II化合物或本發明其他化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽、溶劑化物或水合物在急性或慢性治療或預防感染之預防或醫療劑量的多少,將隨著感染之本質及嚴重性、活性成份之用藥途徑而改變。劑量及在部份情形中的給藥頻率也將根據被治療的感染、個別病人之年齡、體重及回應而改變。從事此藝者考量這些因子後,可以很容易地決定合適的給藥攝生法。
本發明方法特別合適用於人類病人,具體地說,本發明之方法及劑量可以用於免疫損傷的病人,包括但不限於癌症病人、HIV感染的病人、及有免疫變性疾病的病人。而且,此方法可用於目前在減輕狀態的免疫損傷病人。本發明之方法及劑量也可以用於進行其他抗病毒治療的病人。本發明之方法特別可用於在病毒感染的風險之病人。這些病人包括但不限於健康看護病人,例如醫生、護士、收容看護提供者;軍方人員;教師;孩童看護工作者;病人旅行至或住在外國地區,特別是第三世界地區,包括社會幫助工作者、傳教士及外國使節。最後,方法及組成物包括治療頑固的病人或對治療有抵抗的病人,例如對逆轉錄酶、蛋白酶抑制劑等。
本發明化合物之毒性及功效可以根據在細胞培養液或實驗動物中的標準藥學方法測定,例如測定LD5 0
(殺死50%數量的劑量)及ED5 0
(在50%人口中的有效醫療量)。在毒性及醫療效應之間的劑量比例是醫療指數,且其可表示為LD5 0
/ED5 0
比例。
從細胞培養液測試法及動物研究得到的數據可以用於調製化合物用於人類之劑量,此化合物之劑量較宜包括具有很低或無毒性的ED5 0
之循環共同濃度之範圍內。決定於使用的給藥形式及使用的用藥模式,此劑量可以在此範圍內變化。對於在本發明方法中使用的任何化合物,有效醫療劑量可以從細胞培養測試法初步估計。可以調製在動物模式中的劑量,達到包含在細胞培養意中測定的IC50(也就是測試化合物達到症狀的一半最大抑制之濃度)之循環血漿濃度;或者是,可以調製在動物模式中的劑量,達到化合物之循環血漿濃度相當於達到固定大小的回應所需之濃度。此資訊可更精確地測定在人類中的有用劑量。血漿中的值可以例如經由高效能液相層析法測定。
本發明之草案及組成物用在人類前,較宜在試管內且隨後在活體內測試所要的醫療或預防活性。例如,可用於測定是否用藥所述的特定醫療草案之試管內測試法,包括試管內細胞培養液測試法其中回應式I前藥、式II化合物或本發明其他化合物之細胞是暴露至配體且回應之大小是經由適當的技術測量。然後化合物之評估是評估關於化合物功效、及式I前藥與式II母化合物之間的轉化程度。在本發明方法中使用的化合物在人類測試前,可以在合適的動物模式中測試,包括但不限於大鼠、小鼠、雞、牛、猴子、兔子、倉鼠等。然後化合物可以在合適的臨床試驗中使用。
式I前藥、式II化合物或本發明其他化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽、溶劑化物或水合物在急性或慢性治療或預防感染或情形之預防或醫療劑量的多少,將隨著感染之本質及嚴重性、活性成份之用藥途徑而改變。劑量及可能的給藥頻率也將根據被治療的感染、個別病人之年齡、體重及回應而改變。從事此藝者考量這些因子後,可以很容易地決定合適的給藥攝生法。在一個具體實施例中,用藥的劑量決定於使用的特定化合物、及病人之體重及情形。而且,本發明不同的特定化合物之劑量可以不同,合適的劑量可以根據上述試管內測量且根據動物研究預計,所以較小的劑量將合適於彼等化合物,當在本文說明或參考的系統中測量時,其相較於其他化合物可在更小的濃度顯示效應。通常,每天的劑量範圍是從約0.001至100毫克/公斤,較宜約1至25毫克/公斤,更宜約5至15毫克/公斤。用於治療感染C型肝炎病毒的人時,在每天約一至四次下用藥約0.1毫克至約15克,較宜每天100毫克至12克,更宜每天從100毫克至8000毫克。
此外,建議的每日劑量可以作為單一藥劑或結合其他醫療藥劑循環用藥。在一個具體實施例中,每日劑量是在單一劑量或在等分劑量下用藥。在一個相關的具體實施例中,建議的每日劑量可以每週一次、每週兩次、每週三次、每週四次或每週五次下用藥。
在一個較佳的具體實施例中,用藥本發明化合物使在病人提供化合物之全身分布,在一個相關的具體實施例中,用藥本發明化合物使在體內產生全身性效應。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明化合物是經由口服、黏膜(包括舌下、頰內、直腸、鼻子或陰道)、不經腸道(包括皮下、肌肉內、大丸劑注射、動脈內或靜脈內)、經皮、或局部用藥。在一個特定的具體實施例中,本發明化合物是經由黏膜(包括舌下、頰內、直腸、鼻子或陰道)、不經腸道(包括皮下、肌肉內、大丸劑注射、動脈內或靜脈內)、經皮、或局部用藥。在另一個特定的具體實施例中,本發明化合物是經由口服用藥。在另一個特定的具體實施例中,本發明化合物不是經由口服用藥。
不同的有效醫療量可以應用在不同的感染,且為一般從事此藝者很容易得知。同樣地,足以治療或預防此感染但是不足以造成或足以降低與傳統醫療相關的副作用的量也包括在上述給藥量及給藥頻率時刻表。
本發明之特定方法還包括用藥其他醫療藥劑(也就是異於本發明化合物之醫療藥劑)。在本發明之某些具體實施例中,本發明化合物可以結合至少一種其他醫療藥劑使用,醫療藥劑包括但不限於抗生素、抗嘔吐劑、抗憂鬱劑及殺真菌劑、抗發炎劑、抗病毒劑、抗癌劑、免疫調節劑、β-干擾素、烷基化劑、激素或細胞活素。在一個較佳的具體實施例中,本發明包括用藥HCV專一性或顯示抗-HCV活性的其他醫療劑。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗生素用藥或調製,例如,其可以結合大環內酯類(例如妥布黴素(Tobi@
))、先鋒黴素類(例如先鋒黴素(Keflex)、頭孢雷定(Velose)、頭孢呋新(Ceftin)、西埔新(cefprozil)(Cefzil)、頭孢克羅(Ceclor)、頭孢克肟(Suprax)或頭孢羥氨苄(Durice))、開立洛黴素(clarithromycin)(例如開立洛黴素(Biaxin))、紅黴素(例如紅黴素(EMycin))、青黴素(例如青黴素V(V-Cillin K或Pen Vee K))或喹諾酮(例如歐羅新(ofloxacin)(Floxin)、環丙沙新(Cipro)或諾氟沙星(Noroxin))、胺基甙抗生素(例如阿布拉黴素、阿必可黴素(arbekacin)、巴伯黴素、丁胺菌素、地貝克素(dibekacin)、新絲菌素、十一烯酸鹽、乙基西梭黴素、巴龍黴素、瑞伯黴素(ribostamycin)、西梭黴素及大觀黴素)、amphenicol抗生素(例如阿瑞大芬(azidamfenicol)、氯黴素、福分克(florfenicol)及甲碸黴素)、安沙黴素(ansamycin)抗生素(例如利福醯胺及利福平)、卡貝芬類(carbacephems)(例如羅瑞卡(loracarbef))、卡貝配能類(carbapenems)(例如必配能(biapenem)及伊米配能)、頭孢菌素類(例如頭孢克羅、頭孢羥氨苄、頭孢孟多、頭孢曲嗪、頭孢吡酮、西福平(cefozopran)、西比士(cefpimizole)、西比醯胺(cefpiramide)及頭孢匹羅)、頭黴素類(例如頭孢布宗、頭孢宗(cefmetazole)及頭孢米諾)、monobactams(例如噻肟單醯胺菌素、卡莫南(carumonam)及地莫南(tigemonam))、oxacephems(例如福莫(flomoxef)及莫拉特(moxalactam))、青黴素(例如甲亞胺青黴素、甲亞胺青黴素pivoxil、羥氨苄青黴素、氨苄青黴素、苄基青黴素酸、苄基青黴素鈉、依匹西林、苯苄青黴素、氟氯青黴素、青黴素G雙酯、氫碘化青黴素G二乙胺基乙酯、鄰-苄胺青黴素、青黴素0、青黴素V、苄胺青黴素V、海巴胺青黴素V、盤尼滅必林(penimepicycline)及分西西林鉀(phencihicillin potassium))、lincosamides(例如氯林黴素及林可黴素)、雙黴素、桿菌肽、捲曲黴素、黏菌素、英多西丁(enduracidin)、結核放線菌素N、四環素(例如羥哌二甲胺四環素、氯四環素、羥甲氯四環素及脫甲氯四環素)、2,4-二胺基嘧啶類(例如溴莫普林)、硝基呋喃類(例如呋喃它酮及呋噻咪唑氯)、喹諾酮類及其同系物(例如西諾沙星、克林那沙星(clinafloxacin)、福滅快(flumequine)及格巴沙星(grepagloxacin))、磺醯胺類(例如乙醯基磺胺甲氧吡、苄基磺醯胺、諾比磺醯胺(noprylsulfamide)、酞磺醯胺、蘇費梭丁(sulfachrysoidine)及磺醯乙胞嘧啶)、碸類(例如二莫碸(diathymosulfone)、葡糖碸鈉(glucosulfone sodium)及苯丙碸)、環絲胺酸、木比洛新(mupirocin)及結核靈。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗嘔吐劑用藥或調製,合適的抗嘔吐劑包括但不限於滅吐靈、哌雙咪酮、甲哌氯丙、異丙、氯普(chlorpromazine)、三甲氧苯扎胺、翁丹賽龍(ondansetron)、格尼賽龍(granisetron)、他它樂、阿賽新(acethylleucine)、單乙醇胺、阿利賽(alizapride)、阿賽龍(azasetron)、苄昆醯胺(benzquinamide)、必坦丁(bietanautine)、普莫比(bromopride)、布利新(buclizine)、利波必(clebopride)、賽克利、暈海寧、地芬多(diphenidol)、多賽龍(dolasetron)、氯苯甲、滅賽拉(methallatal)、滅多必(metopimazine)、那必龍(nabilone)、氧派地(oxyperndyl)、必巴(pipamazine)、絲克波胺(scopolamine)、蘇比瑞(sulpiride)、四氫卡那諾(tetrahydrocannabinols)、乙硫匹拉、胺碸拉、脫必賽龍(tropisetron)及其混合物。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗憂鬱劑用藥或調製,合適的抗憂鬱劑包括但不限於比尼達林(binedaline)、卡洛宗(caroxazone)、西它羅普(citalopram)、二滅沙(dimethazan)、芬胺(fencamine)、英達平(indalpine)、鹽酸英地羅(indeloxazine hydrochloride)、鎮痛醚、諾米芬新(nomifensine)、歐特坦(oxitriptan)、氧必丁(oxypertine)、派洛丁(paroxetine)、賽特林(sertraline)、賽士新(thiazesim)、特洛冬(trazodone)、本莫新(benmoxine)、依普克(iproclozide)、異煙醯異丙肼、悶可樂、異胺甲苄肼、2-肼辛烷、苯乙肼、可滴靈(cotinine)、洛利西比(rolicyprine)、洛利普(rolipram)、馬普地林(maprotiline)、美特林多(metralindole)、米賽靈(mianserin)、米特平(mirtazepine)、阿地那藍(adinazolam)、阿米特林(amitriptyline)、阿米特林氧化物(amitriptylinoxide)、阿莫平(amoxapine)、布特林(butriptyline)、洛米胺(clomipramine)、地滅替林(demexiptiline)、去郁散、二苯氮、二滅特靈(dimetacrine)、多賽平(dothiepin)、多慮平(doxepin)、福西辛(fluacizine)、丙咪嗪、丙咪嗪N-氧化物、胺丙吲哚、洛費胺(lofepramine)、四甲蒽丙胺、滅它胺(metapramine)、去甲替林、肟替林、阿丙哌醇、比瑞替林(pizotyline)、普派平(propizepine)、普特替林(protriptyline)、快諾胺(quinupramine)、泰尼丁(tianeptine)、三甲丙咪嗪、阿德費尼(adrafinil)、胃復康、布普平(bupropion)、布大賽丁(butacetin)、地樂多(dioxadrol)、度樂丁(duloxetine)、依多派瑞冬(etoperidone)、費巴貝(febarbamate)、費莫丁(femoxetine)、費平二醇(fenpentadiol)、氟苯氧丙胺、氟瓦胺(fluvoxamine)、血紫質、金絲桃素、利佛費西多(levophacetoperane)、滅地佛胺(medifoxamine)、密那西平(milnacipran)、密那普(minaprine)、莫樂麥(moclobemide)、涅發冬(nefazodone)、歐福藍(oxaflozane)、必貝拉林(piberaline)、普林丹(prolintane)、必瑞蘇諾(pyrisuccideanol)、瑞坦素(ritanserin)、落英多(roxindole)、氯化銣、舒寧、丹多必龍(tandospirone)、舒林諾(thozalinone)、多芬心(tofenacin)、多樂冬(toloxatone)、苯環丙胺、L-色胺酸、煩樂飛(venlafaxine)、為樂新(viloxazine)及樂吡烯胺。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗真菌劑用藥或調製,合適的抗真菌劑包括但不限於兩性黴素B、依特康唑(itraconazole)、凱多康唑(ketoconazole)、福康唑(fluconazole)、英特克(intrathecal)、5-氟胞嘧啶、雙氯苯咪唑、布多康唑(butoconazole)、克霉唑、製霉菌素、特康唑(terconazole)、地康唑(tioconazole)、西樂必(ciclopirox)、依康唑(econazole)、碘炔三氯酚、那地芬(naftifine)、特必那芬(terbinafine)、十一烯酸酯及灰黃黴素。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗發炎劑用藥或調製,合適的抗發炎劑包括但不限於非類固醇抗發炎劑例如水楊酸、乙醯基水楊酸、水楊酸甲酯、二福賽(diflunisal)、賽沙樂(salsalate)、歐沙樂(olsalazine)、蘇費沙樂(sulfasalazine)、撲熱息痛、消炎痛、蘇林(sulindac)、依特多拉(etodolac)、滅芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、滅樂芬那酸鈉(meclofenamate sodium)、多滅丁(tolmetin)、凱多樂(ketorolac)、二氯芬(dichlofenac)、依布普芬(ibuprofen)、萘普生、萘普生鈉、苯氧基氫化阿托敏、酮苯丙酸、福賓普芬(flurbinprofen)、歐普新(oxaprozin)、必洛瞰(piroxicam)、滅洛瞰(meloxicam)、安必洛瞰(ampiroxicam)、德士瞰(droxicam)、必瓦瞰(pivoxicam)、地諾瞰(tenoxicam)、那部滅(nabumetome)、苯基布達隆(phenylbutazone)、氧苯布達隆(oxyphenbutazone)、安替比林、胺基比林、阿巴隆(apazone)及尼滅蘇利(nimesulide);白三烯素拮抗劑包括但不限於瑞流東(zileuton)、金硫葡萄糖、硫代硫酸金鈉及歐瑞諾芬(auranofin);類固醇類包括但不限二丙酸阿樂滅松(alclometasone diproprionate)、阿西諾(amcinonide)、二丙酸貝洛滅松(beclomethasone dipropionate)、貝他米松、苯甲酸貝他米松、二丙酸貝他米松、磷酸貝他米松鈉、戊酸貝他米松、丙酸洛貝松(clobetasol propionate)、特戊酸洛克隆(clocortalone pivalate)、氫化可的松、氫化可的松衍生物、地梭尼(desonide)、地梭滅達松(desoximatasone)、氟美松、福尼梭利(flunisolide)、福克諾利(flucoxinolide)、福藍瑞諾利(flurandrenolide)、哈西諾(halcinocide)、美瑞松(medrysone)、甲潑尼松龍、乙酸甲普尼松龍(methprednisolone acetate)、琥珀酸甲普尼松龍鈉(methprednisolone sodium succinate)、莫滅松(mometasone furoate)、乙酸派拉美松、潑尼松龍、乙酸潑尼松龍、磷酸潑尼松龍鈉、特布酸潑尼松龍、潑尼松、去炎松、丙酮縮去炎舒松、二乙酸去炎舒松及六丙酮縮去炎舒松;及其他抗發炎劑包括但不限於胺甲喋呤、秋水仙鹼、別嘌呤醇、羥苯磺丙胺、磺吡唑酮及苯普馬龍(benzbromarzone)。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抗病毒劑用藥或調製,合適的抗病毒劑包括但不限於蛋白酶抑制劑、核甙逆轉錄酶抑制劑、非核甙逆轉錄酶抑制劑及核甙同系物。抗病毒劑包括但不限於瑞多丁(zidovudine)、阿西洛(acyclovir)、甘西洛(gangcyclovir)、維大瑞冰(vidarabine)、依多瑞丁(idoxuridine)、三氟丁(trifluridine)、利佛靈(levovirin)、維瑞密丁(viramidine)及瑞必靈(ribavirin),以及富卡涅(foscarnet)、阿馬大丁(amantadine)、瑞馬大丁(rimantadine)、沙快納瓦(saquinavir)、應地納瓦(indinavir)、安普納瓦(amprenavir)、羅必納瓦(lopinavir)、瑞多納瓦(ritonavir)、α-干擾素;β-干擾素;阿地佛瓦(adefovir)、克利瓦丁(clevadine)、應地卡瓦(entecavir)、普立克納(pleconaril)。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合免疫調節劑用藥或調製,免疫調節劑包括但不限於胺甲喋呤、列福諾密(leflunomide)、磷醯胺、環孢多肽A、黴酚酸莫飛替(mycophenolate mofetil)、納巴黴素(sirolimus)、密瑞冰(mizoribine)、去氧絲比林(deoxyspergualin)、貝快納(brequinar)、馬羅諾尼(malononitriloaminds)(例如列佛醯胺(leflunamide))、T細胞受體調節劑及細胞活素受體調節劑、肽模擬劑及抗生素(例如人、人化、嵌合體、單克隆、多克隆、Fvs、ScFvs、Fab或F(ab)2段片或依必多(epitope)結合段片)、核酸分子(例如抗感覺核酸分子及三螺旋體)、小分子、有機化合物及無機化合物。T細胞受體調節劑之實例包括但不限於抗T細胞受體抗生素(例如抗-CD4抗生素(例如cM-T412(Boeringer)、IDEC-CE9.1(IDEC及SKB)、mAB4162W94、Orthoclone及OKTcdr4a(Janssen-Cilag))、抗-CD3抗生素(例如Nuvion(Product Design Labs)、OKT3(Johnson & Johnson)或Rituxan(IDEC))、抗-CD5抗生素(例如抗-CD5蓖麻蛋白連接的免疫共軛體)、抗-CD7抗生素(例如CHH-380(Novartis))、抗-CD8抗生素、抗-CD40配體單克隆抗生素(例如IDEC-131(IDEC))、抗-CD52抗生素(例如CAMPATH 1H(I1ex))、抗-CD2抗生素、抗-CD11a抗生素(例如Xanelim(Genentech))及抗-B7抗生素(例如IDEC-114(IDEC))及CTLA4-免疫球蛋白)。細胞活素受體調節劑之實例包括但不限於可溶性細胞活素受體(例如TNF-α受體之細胞外部份或其段片、IL-1β受體之細胞外部份或其段片、及IL-6受體之細胞外部份或其段片)、細胞活素或其段片(例如干擾素(IL)-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-15、TFN-α、干擾素(IFN)-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ及GM-CSF)、抗細胞活素受體抗生素(例如抗-IFN受體抗生素、抗-IL-2受體抗生素(例如Zenapax(Protein Design Labs))、抗-IL-4受體抗生素、抗-IL-6受體抗生素、抗-IL-10受體抗生素及抗-IL-12受體抗生素)、抗細胞活素抗生素(例如抗-IFN抗生素、抗-TFN-α抗生素、抗-IL-1β抗生素、抗IL-6抗生素、抗-IL-8抗生素(例如ABX-IL-8(Abgenix))及抗-IL-12抗生素)。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抑制病毒酶的藥劑用藥或調製,包括但不限於HCV蛋白酶之抑制劑,例如BILN 2061及NS5b聚合酶之抑制劑例如NM107及其前藥NM283(Index Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,Cambridge,MA)。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抑制HCV聚合酶的藥劑用藥或調製,例如彼等揭示在Wu,Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord.2003;3(3):207-19或結合抑制病毒的螺旋酶功能的化合物例如彼等揭示在Bretner M,et al Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids.2003;22(5-8):1531,或與其他HCV特定標的之抑制劑例如彼等揭示在Zhang X.IDrugs.2002;5(2):154-8。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合抑制病毒複製的藥劑用藥或調製。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合細胞活素用藥或調製,細胞活素之實例包括但不限於干擾素-2(IL-2)、干擾素-3(IL-3)、干擾素-4(IL-4)、干擾素-5(IL-5)、干擾素-6(IL-6)、干擾素-7(IL-7)、干擾素-9(IL-9)、干擾素-10(IL-10)、干擾素-12(IL-12)、干擾素-15(IL-15)、干擾素-18(IL-18)、血小板衍生的生長因子(PDGF)、紅細胞生成素(Epo)、表皮生長因子(EGF)、纖維織母細胞生長因子(FGF)、粒細胞巨唑細胞刺激因子(GM-CSF)、粒細胞集落生成刺激因子(G-CSF)、巨唑細胞集落生成刺激因子(M-CSF)、催乳激素及干擾素(IFN)(例如IFN-α及IFN-γ)。
式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合激素用藥或調製,激素之實例包括但不限於黃體化激素釋放激素(LHRH)、生長激素(GH)、生長激素釋放激素、ACTH、生長激素(somatostatin)、生長激素(somatotropin)、梭馬多滅丁(somatomedin)、甲狀旁腺激素、下丘腦釋放因子、胰島素、高血糖素、腦啡肽、加壓素、降鈣素、肝素、低分子量肝素、類肝素、合成及天然的類鴉片、胰島素甲狀腺刺激激素及內啡肽。
式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合β-干擾素用藥或調製,其包括但不限於干擾素β-1a、干擾素β-1b。
式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合α-干擾素用藥或調製,其包括但不限於干擾素α-1、干擾素α-2a(roferon)、干擾素α-2b、intron、Peg-Intron、Pegasys、一致干擾素(infergen)及歐布干擾素(albuferon)。
式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合吸附促進劑用藥或調製,特別是針對淋巴系統者,其包括但不限於肝膽酸鈉、癸酸鈉、N-月桂基-y-D-maltopyranoside、EDTA、混合的微膠粒、及彼等揭示在Muranishi Crit.Rev.Ther.Drug Carrier Syst.,7-1-33,其整份併於本文供參考。也可以使用其他已知的吸附促進劑。據此,本發明也包括含一或多種式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物及一或多種吸附促進劑之醫藥組成物。
式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物可以結合烷基化劑用藥或調製,烷基化劑之實例包括但不限於含氮芥子、乙撐亞胺、甲基蜜胺、磺酸烷酯、亞硝基脲、氯安布(chlorambucil)、六甲蜜(hexamethylmelaine)、硫巴(thiotepa)、布薩飛(busulfan)、卡目汀(carmustine)、絲特多星(streptozocin)、達卡巴新(dacarbazine)及地莫洛蜜(temozolomide)。
式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物與其他醫療藥劑可以加成地作用,或更宜協同增效。在一個較佳的具體實施例中,含本發明化合物之組成物是與其他醫療藥劑同時用藥,其可以是相同組成物之一部份或是在含本發明化合物之外的不同組成物。在另一個具體實施例中,本發明化合物是在用藥其他醫療藥劑之前或之後用藥。在另一個具體實施例中,本發明化合物是用藥至先前沒有進行或目前沒有進行用其他醫療藥劑特別是抗病毒劑治療之病人。
在一個具體實施例中,本發明方法包括用藥一或多種式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物而沒有其他的醫療藥劑。
本發明也包括含式I前藥、II化合物及本發明其他化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或水合物之醫藥組成物及單一單元給藥形式。本發明之個別給藥形式可以合適供口服、黏膜(包括舌下、頰內、直腸、鼻子或陰道)、不經腸道(包括皮下、肌肉內、大丸劑注射、動脈內、或靜脈內)、經皮、或局部用藥。本發明之醫藥組成物及給藥形式也含一或多種藥學上可接受的賦形劑,也包括無菌的給藥形式。
在一個替代的具體實施例中,此具體實施例包含的醫藥組成物包括式I前藥、II化合物或本發明其他化合物,或其藥學上可接受的鹽或水合物,及至少一種其他醫療藥劑。其他醫療藥劑之實例包括氮不限於上文列出者。
本發明組成物之形狀、及給藥形式之種類通常是根據其用途而改變。例如,在疾病或相關的疾病之急性治療中使用的給藥形式,可以含相較於相同疾病之慢性治療中使用的給藥形式更大量的一或多種活性成份。同樣地,不經腸道給藥形式可含相較於相同疾病或障礙使用之口服給藥形式更少量的一或多種活性成份。本發明包括的特定給藥形式之這些及其他方式,從事此藝者可以很容易地了解。見例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18t h
ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA(1990)。給藥形式之實例包括但不限於:片劑;囊片;膠囊劑,例如軟彈性明膠膠囊劑;扁囊劑;錠劑;糖錠;分散液;栓劑;軟膏;泥敷劑(糊劑);糊狀劑;粉劑;敷料;乳膏;硬膏劑;溶液;貼劑;氣容膠(例如鼻噴劑或吸入劑);膠;合適供口服或黏膜用藥至病人的液體給藥形式,包括懸浮液(例如水性或非水性液體懸浮液、油在水中的乳液或水在油中的液體乳液)、溶液及酏劑;合適供不經腸道用藥至病人的液體給藥形式;及無菌固體(例如結晶或無定形的固體)其可以再組成而提供液體給藥形式合適供不經腸道用藥至病人。
典型的醫藥組成物及給藥形式含一或多種載劑、賦形劑或稀釋劑。合適的賦形劑是從事藥學技藝者所熟知,且合適賦形劑之非限定實例是提供於本文。特定的賦形劑是否合適摻混至醫藥組成物或給藥形式,是決定於從事此藝者熟知的多項因子,包括但不限於給藥形式用藥至病人之方法。例如,口服給藥形式例如片劑可含不合適用在不經腸道給藥形式之賦形劑。特定賦形劑之合適性也決定於再給藥形式中的特定活性成份。
本發明還包括含活性成份之無水的醫藥組成物及給藥形式,因為水可促進部份化合物之降解。例如,水的添加(例如5%)在藥學技藝中廣泛地被接受,作為刺激長期儲存以便決定特徵例如上架壽命或調製物長期的安定性。見例如Jens T.Carstensen,Drug Stability:Principles & Practice
,2n d
.Ed.,Marcel Dekker,NY,NY,1995,pp.379-80。事實上,水及熱加速部份化合物之分解。據此,水在調製物之效應可以很重要,因為溼氣及/或溼度在調製物之製造、處理、包裝、儲存、運送及使用過程中普遍存在。
本發明之無水的醫藥組成物及給藥形式可以使用含無水或低水氣的成份及在低溼氣或低溼度情形下製造。
無水的醫藥組成物必須在保持其無水本質下製備及儲存,據此,無水組成物較宜使用已知可防止暴露至水的材料包裝,所以其可以包含在合適的配方包裝盒內。合適的包裝之實例包括但不限於密封的鋁箔、塑膠、單元劑量容器(例如瓿)、發疱藥包裝及長條物包裝。
本發明還包括含一或多種可降低活性成份分解速率的化合物之醫藥組成物及給藥形式,此種化合物,其在本文中稱為“安定劑”,包括但不限於抗氧化劑例如抗壞血酸、pH緩衝劑或鹽緩衝劑。
類似於賦形劑之量及種類,給藥形式中的活性成份之量及特定種類可根據例如但不限於用藥至病人的途徑之因子而改變。但是,通常含本發明化合物、或其藥學上可接受的鹽或水合物之本發明給藥形式,每單元含0.1毫克至1500毫克,提供約0.01至200毫克/公斤每天之劑量。
合適口服用藥之本發明醫藥組成物可以存在為分離的給藥形式,例如但不限於片劑(例如可咀嚼的片劑)、囊片、膠囊劑及液體(例如調味的漿劑)。此給藥形式含預先決定量的活性成份,且可以經由從事此藝者熟知的製藥方法製備,見例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18t h
ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA(1990)。
通常本發明之口服給藥形式是經由根據傳統藥學混合技術將活性成份與至少一種賦形劑密切混合而製備。決定於所要用藥的製劑之形式,賦形劑可有多種不同的形式。例如,合適在口服液體或氣容膠形式使用的賦形劑包括但不限於水、二醇類、油類、醇類、調味劑、防腐劑及染劑。合適在固體口服製劑形式(例如粉劑、片劑、膠囊劑及囊片)使用的賦形劑包括但不限於澱粉、糖、微膠狀纖維素、稀釋劑、粒化劑、潤滑劑、黏著劑及分解劑。
因為其用藥之容易性,片劑及膠囊劑代表最有利的口服給要單元形式,在此情形是使用固體賦形劑。如果需要時,可以經由標準的水性或非水性技術將片劑包衣。此給藥形式可以經由任何製藥方法製備。通常,製備醫藥組成物及給藥形式是經由一致且密切地混合活性成份與液體載劑、微細分粒的固體載劑、或兩者且隨後視需要將產物成形至所要的形式。
例如,片劑可以經由擠壓及模塑製備。製備擠壓的片劑可以經由在合適的機器中擠壓自由流動形式的活性成份例如粉末或顆粒,視需要與賦形劑混合。製備模塑的片劑可以經由在合適的機器中模塑用惰性液體稀釋劑溼潤的粉狀化合物之混合物。可以在本發明口服給藥形式中使用的賦形劑之實例包括但不限於黏著劑、填充劑、分解劑、及潤滑劑。合適在醫藥組成物及給藥形式中使用的黏著劑包括但不限於玉米澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、或其他澱粉、明膠、天然及合成的膠體例如阿拉伯膠、海草酸鈉、海草酸、其他海草酸鹽、粉狀西黃蓍膠、瓊脂膠、纖維素及其衍生物(例如乙基纖維素、乙酸纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈉)、聚乙烯基吡咯酮、甲基纖維素、預明膠化的澱粉、羥丙基甲基纖維素(例如2208、2906、2910號)、微晶狀纖維素及其混合物。
合適在本文揭示的醫藥組成物及給藥形式中使用的填充劑包括但不限於滑石、碳酸鈣(例如顆粒或粉末)、微晶狀纖維素、粉狀纖維素、葡萄糖結合劑、高嶺土、蒙脫土、矽酸、山梨糖醇、澱粉、預明膠化的澱粉及其混合物。在本發明醫藥組成物中的黏著劑或填充劑通常存在從約50至約99重量%之醫藥組成物或給藥形式。
微晶狀纖維素之合適形式包括但不限於以AVICEL-PH-101、AVICEL-PH-103、AVICEL RC-581、AVICEL-PH-105(FMC Corporation,American Viscose Division,Avicel Sales,Marcus Hook,PA供應)販賣之物質及其混合物。特定的黏著劑是以AVICEL RC-581販賣之微晶狀纖維素與羧甲基纖維素鈉之混合物,合適的無水或低溼度賦形劑或添加劑包括AVICEL-PH-103T M
及Starch 1500 LM。
分解劑在本發明組成物中使用時是提供片劑當暴露至水性環境時使其分解。含太多分解劑的的片劑在儲存時可能會分解,而含太少者無法在所要的速率或所要的環境分解。據此,必須使用不會太多或太少而破壞性改變活性成份的釋放之足量分解劑形成本發明之固體口服給藥形式,分解劑之使用量是根據調製物之種類而不同,一般從事此藝者可以輕易地決定。典型的醫藥組成物含從約0.5至約15重量%之分解劑,尤其是從約1至約5重量%之分解劑。
可以在本發明醫藥組成物及給藥形式中使用的分解劑包括但不限於瓊脂、海草酸、碳酸鈣、微晶狀纖維素、croscarmellose鈉、crospovidone、polacrilin鉀、澱粉羥基乙酸鈉、馬鈴薯或木薯澱粉、預明膠化的澱粉、其他澱粉、黏土、其他海草酸鹽、其他纖維素、膠體及其混合物。
可以在本發明醫藥組成物及給藥形式中使用的潤滑劑包括但不限於硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、礦物油、輕礦物油、甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇、其他二醇類、硬脂酸、硫酸月桂酯鈉、滑石、氫化植物油(例如花生油、棉籽油、葵花油、芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油、及大豆油)、硬脂酸鋅、油酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、瓊脂及其混合物。其他潤滑劑包括例如syloid矽膠(AEROSIL 200,W.R.Grace Co.of Baltimore,MD製造)、合成矽膠之聚集的氣容膠(Degussa Co.of Plano,TX上市)、CAB-O-SIL(Cabot Co.of Boston,MA販賣之發熱二氧化矽產物)及其混合物。如果使用時,典型的用量是低於約1重量%摻混其之醫藥組成物或給藥形式。
本發明之活性成份可以根據一般從事此藝者熟知的經由控制性釋放方式或經由輸送裝置用藥,實例包括但不限於彼等揭示在美國專利3,845,770、3,916,899、3,536,809、3,598,123及4,008,719、5,674,533、5,059,595、5,591,767、5,120,548、5,073,543、5,639,476、5,354,556及5,733,566號,其各併於本文供參考。此種給藥形式可以用於提供緩慢或控制性釋放一或多種活性成份,使用例如羥丙基甲基纖維素、其他聚合物基質、膠、可透性膜、等滲性系統、多層塗覆、微粒子、脂質體、微球或其組合,在不同的比例下提供所要的釋放情形。一般從事此藝者已知的合適控制性釋放調製物,包括本文揭示者,可以容易地選擇供本發明活性成份使用。本發明據此包括調適供控制性釋放的合適供口服用藥的單一單元給藥形式,包括但不限於片劑、膠囊劑、膠囊錠及藥錠。
全部控制性釋放的醫藥產品之共同目標是改進超越其非控制性釋放相對物達到之藥劑醫療,理想上,最適化設計的控制性釋放製劑在醫學治療中的用途,其特徵是使用最少量的藥劑物質在最短的時間內治癒或控制病情。控制性釋放的調製物之優點是包括延長藥劑之活性、減少用藥頻率、並增加病人順應性。此外,控制性釋放的調製物可以用於影響作用開始的時間或其他特徵,例如藥劑之血液濃度、且可因此影響副作用之發生。
大部分控制性釋放的調製物之設計是最初釋放藥劑(活性成份)的量使得迅速產生所要的醫療效應,並逐漸且連續釋放其他量的藥劑使在長時間維持此治療或預防效應的濃度。為了在體內維持藥劑之此固定濃度,必須是從給藥形式釋出之速率取代被代謝或從身體排泄的量,活性成份之控制性釋放可以經由不同的情形刺激,包括但不限於pH、溫度、酶、水、或其他生理情形或化合物。
不經腸道給藥形式可以經由不同的途徑用藥至病人,包括但不限於皮下、靜脈內(包括大丸劑注射)、肌肉內及動脈內。因為其用藥通常越過病人抵抗污染物的天然防禦,不經腸道給藥形式較宜是無菌或用藥至病人前可以殺菌。不經腸道給藥形式之實例包括但不限於即可注射之溶液、即可溶解或懸浮在藥學上可接受的媒劑供注射之乾燥及/或冷凍乾燥之產品(可再重組的粉末)、即可用於注射之懸浮液及乳化液。
可用於提供本發明不經腸道給藥形式之合適媒劑是從事此藝者所熟知,實例包括但不限於:Water for Injection USP;水性媒劑例如但不限於Sodium Chloride Injection、Ringer’s Injection、Dextrose Injection、Dextrose and Sodium Chloride Injection及Lactated Ringer’s Injection;水溶性媒劑例如但不限於乙醇、聚乙二醇、及聚丙二醇;及非水性媒劑例如但不限於玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、肉豆寇酸異丙酯、及苯甲酸苄酯。增加本文揭示的一或多種活性成份的溶解度之化合物也可以摻混至本發明不經腸道給藥形式中。
經皮給藥形式包括“儲器型”或“基質型”貼布,其可以應用至皮膚並戴上一定的時間使穿透所要的量之活性成份。
包含在本發明的可以用於提供經皮及局部給藥形式之合適賦形劑(例如載劑及稀釋劑)及其他物質為從事藥劑技藝者所熟知,且決定於給定的醫藥組成物或給藥形式將要施加的特定組織。事實上,典型的賦形劑包括但不限於水、丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、肉豆寇酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、礦物油及其混合物。決定於處理的特定組織,用本發明之活性成份治療之前、治療期間、或之後,可以使用其他成份。例如,可以使用穿透促進劑幫助輸送活性成份至組織。合適的穿透促進劑包括但不限於:丙酮;不同的醇類例如乙醇、油醇及四氫呋喃;烷基亞碸類例如二甲亞碸;二甲基乙醯胺;二甲基甲醯胺;聚乙二醇;吡咯酮類例如聚乙烯基吡咯酮;Kollidon grades(Povidone、Polyvidone);脲;及不同的水溶性或不溶性糖酯類例如Tween 80(縮聚山梨醇油酸酯八十)及Span 60(脫水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯)。
也可以調整醫藥組成物或給藥形式、或應用醫藥組成物或給藥形式的組織之pH,以改進一或多種活性成份之輸送。同樣地,可以調整溶劑載劑之極性、其離子強度或緊張性以改進輸送。醫藥組成物或給藥形式中也可加入化合物例如硬脂酸酯,以有利地改變一或多種活性成份之親水性或親脂性以便改進輸送。關於此點,硬脂酸酯可作為調製物之脂質媒劑、作為乳化劑或表面活性劑、及作為強化輸送或強化穿透劑。可以使用活性成份之不同鹽類、水合物或溶劑化物以進一步調整所得組成物之性質。
本發明之局部給藥形式包括但不限於乳膏、洗劑、軟膏、膠、溶液、乳液、懸浮液、或從事此藝者已知的其他形式,見例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18t h
ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA(1990);及Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
,4t h
ed.,Lea & Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。
包含在本發明的可以用於提供經皮及局部給藥形式之合適賦形劑(例如載劑及稀釋劑)及其他物質為從事藥劑技藝者所熟知,且決定於給定的醫藥組成物或給藥形式將要施加的特定組織。事實上,典型的賦形劑包括但不限於水、丙酮、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、肉豆寇酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、礦物油及其混合物。決定於處理的特定組織,用本發明之活性成份治療之前、治療期間、或之後,可以使用其他成份。例如,可以使用穿透促進劑幫助輸送活性成份至組織。合適的穿透促進劑包括但不限於:丙酮;不同的醇類例如乙醇、油醇及四氫呋喃;烷基亞碸類例如二甲亞碸;二甲基乙醯胺;二甲基甲醯胺;聚乙二醇;吡咯酮類例如聚乙烯基吡咯酮;Kollidon grades(Povidone、Polyvidone);脲;及不同的水溶性或不溶性糖酯類例如Tween 80(縮聚山梨醇油酸酯八十)及Span 60(脫水山梨醇單硬脂酸酯)。
本發明之黏膜給藥形式包括但不限於眼用溶液、噴劑及氣溶膠、或從事此藝者已知的其他形式,見例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18t h
ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA(1990);及Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
,4t h
ed.,Lea & Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。合適用於處理口腔內黏膜組織的給藥形式可以調製成漱口劑或口膠。在一個具體實施例中,氣溶膠含載劑。在另一個具體實施例中,氣溶膠不含載劑。
本發明化合物也可經由吸入直接用藥至肺,經由吸入用藥時,經由多種裝置可方便地將本發明化合物輸送至肺。例如Metered Dose Inhaler(“MDI”),其係使用含合適的低沸點拋射劑例如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或可以用於將化合物直接輸送至肺的其他合適氣體之罐筒。MDI裝置可得自多個供應商,例如3M Corporation、Aventis、Boehringer Ingleheim、Forest Laboratories、Glaxo-Wellcome、Schering Plough及Vectura。
或者是,可以使用Dry Powder Inhaler(DPI)裝置將本發明化合物用藥至肺(見例如Raleighet al.,Proc.Amer.Assoc.Cancer Research Annual Meeting
,1999,40,397,其併於本文供參考)。DPI裝置通常使用例如爆發氣體使在容器內部產生乾燥粉末雲之機制,其隨後可被病人吸入。DPI裝置也是熟知於此項技藝且可購自多個供應商,其包括例如Fisons、Glaxo-Wellcome、Inhale Therapeutic Systems、ML Laboratories、Qdose and Vectura。一種受歡迎的變化是多重劑量DPI(“MDDPI”)系統,其可以輸送一個以上的醫療劑量。MDDPI裝置可得自的公司是例如AstraZeneca、Glaxo Wellcome、IVAX、Schering Plough、SkyePharma及Vectura。例如,用在吸入劑或吹入劑的明膠之膠囊或筒可以調製成含化合物及用於這些系統的合適粉基質例如乳糖或澱粉之粉末混合物。
另一種可以用於將本發明化合物輸送至肺的裝置是例如由Aradigm Corporation供應之液體噴霧裝置,液體噴霧裝置使用極小的噴嘴孔將液體藥劑調製物氣溶膠化,隨後直接吸入肺。
在一個較佳的具體實施例中,使用霧化器裝置將本發明化合物輸送至肺,霧化器經由使用例如形成微細粒子之超音波能量從液體藥劑調製霧產生氣溶膠,其可輕易地被吸入(見例如Verschoyleet al.,British J.Cancer
,1999,80,Suppl 2,96,其併於本文供參考)。霧化器之實例包括Sheffield/Systemic Pulmonary Delivery Ltd.(見例如Armer et al.,美國專利5,954,047號;van der Linden et al.,美國專利5,950,619號;van der Linden et al.,美國專利5,970,974號,其併於本文供參考)、Aventis及Batelle Pulmonary Therapeutics供應之裝置。
在一個特別較佳的具體實施例中,使用電子氫化動態(“EHD”)氣溶膠裝置將本發明化合物輸送至肺,EHD氣溶膠裝置使用電能氣溶膠化液體藥劑溶液或懸浮液(見例如Noakes et al.,美國專利4,765,539號、Coffee美國專利4,962,885號、Coffee,PCT Application,WO 94/12285、plication,WO 94/14543、plication,WO 95/26234、plication,WO 94/5/26235、plication,WO 95/32807,其併於本文供參考)。當使用EHD氣溶膠裝置輸送此藥劑至肺時,調製物之電化學性質是最適化之重要參數,且此最適化可經由從事此藝者例行地進行。EHD氣溶膠裝置相較於現有的肺輸送技術,可以更有效地將藥劑輸送至肺。本發明化合物的肺內輸送之其他方法為從事此藝者已知且是在本發明之範圍內。
合適使用霧化器及液體噴霧裝置及EHD氣溶膠裝置的液體藥劑調製物通常含本發明化合物及藥學上可接受的載劑。藥學上可接受的載劑較宜是液體例如醇、水、聚乙二醇或全氟化碳。視需要,可以添加其他物質以改變化合物的溶液或懸浮液之氣溶膠性質。此物質較宜是液體例如醇、二醇、聚甘醇或脂肪酸。調製合適用在氣溶膠裝置的液體藥劑溶液或懸浮液之其他方法已知於從事此藝者(見例如Biesalski美國專利5,112,598號、Biesalski 5,556,611號,其併於本文供參考)。此化合物也可以調製成直腸或陰道組成物例如栓劑或保留灌腸,例如含傳統的栓劑基質例如可可奶油或其他甘油類。
除了先前揭示的調製物以外,本發明化合物也可以調製成儲存製劑,此長作用性調製物可以經由植入(例如皮下或肌肉內)或經由肌肉內注射用藥。據此,例如化合物可以與合適的聚合性或疏水性物質(例如在可接受的油中的乳液)或離子交換樹脂調製,或作為有限溶解的衍生物,例如作為有限溶解的鹽。
或者是,可以使用其他藥劑輸送系統。脂質體及乳液是可以用於輸送本發明化合物的輸送媒劑之熟知實例。雖然通常在較大毒性之成本,也可以使用部份有機溶劑例如二甲亞碸。本發明化合物也可以在控制性釋放的系統中輸送,在一個具體實施例中,可以使用泵(Sefton,CRC Crit.Ref Biomed Eng.
,1987,14,201;Buchealdet al.,Surgery
,1980,88,507;Saudeket al.,N.Engl.J.Med
.,1989,321,574)。在另一個具體實施例中,可以使用聚合性物質(見Medical Applications of Controlled Release
,Langer and Wise(eds.),CRC Pres.,Boca Raton,Fla.(1974);Controlled Drug Bioavailability,Drug Product Design and Performance
,Smolen and Ball(eds.),Wiley,New York(1984);Ranger and Peppas,J.Macromol.Sci.Rev.Macromol.Chem.
,1983,23,61;也參見Levyet al.,Science
,1985,228,190;Duringet al.,Ann.Neurol
.,1989,25,351;Howardet al
.,1989,J.Neurosurg.
71,105)。在另一個具體實施例中,可以將控制性釋放的系統放在接近本發明化合物之標的,例如肺,據此只需要一部份之全身性劑量(見例如Goodson於Medical Applications of Controlled Release,supra
,vol.2,pp.115(1984))。可以使用其他控制性釋放的系統(見例如Langer,Science
,1990,249,1527)。
包含在本發明的可以用於提供黏膜給藥形式之合適賦形劑(例如載劑及稀釋劑)及其他物質為從事藥劑技藝者所熟知,且決定於給定的醫藥組成物或給藥形式將要施加的特定位置或方法。事實上,典型的賦形劑包括但不限於水、乙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丁-1,3-二醇、肉豆寇酸異丙酯、棕櫚酸異丙酯、礦物油及其混合物,其為無毒且藥學上可接受。此額外成份之實例是熟知於此項技藝,見例如Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18t h
ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton,PA(1990)。
也可以調整醫藥組成物或給藥形式、或應用醫藥組成物或給藥形式的組織之pH,以改進一或多種活性成份之輸送。同樣地,可以調整溶劑載劑之極性、其離子強度或緊張性以改進輸送。醫藥組成物或給藥形式中也可加入化合物例如硬脂酸酯,以有利地改變一或多種活性成份之親水性或親脂性以便改進輸送。關於此點,硬脂酸酯可作為調製物之脂質媒劑、作為乳化劑或表面活性劑、及作為強化輸送或強化穿透劑。可以使用活性成份之不同鹽類、水合物或溶劑化物以進一步調整所得組成物之性質。
本發明提供包括一或多個含可用於治療或預防C型肝炎的式I前藥、II化合物或本發明其他化合物的容器之醫藥包裝或藥盒。在其他具體實施例中,本發明提供包括一或多個含可用於治療或預防C型肝炎的式I前藥、II化合物或本發明其他化合物的容器及一或多個含額外醫療藥劑包括但不限於上述所列,特別是抗病毒劑、干擾素、抑制病毒酶之藥劑、抑制病毒複製之藥劑的容器之醫藥包裝或藥盒,較佳的額外醫療藥劑是HCV專一性或證明抗HCV活性。
本發明也提供包括一或多個含本發明醫藥組成物的一或多種成份的容器之醫藥包裝或藥盒。視需要相關於此容器的是經由管理製造商、藥劑或生物產品的用途或販賣的政府單位開立之公告,該公告反應經由政府機構核准之製造商、人類用藥之用途及販賣。
本發明藥劑可以使用下述的反應途徑及合成圖示,利用此項技藝中已知的一般技術,使用可輕易獲得的起始物質製備。根據本發明沒有舉例的化合物之合成,可以經由從事此藝者了解的修改而成功地進行,例如經由適當保護干擾基、經由改變成此項技藝中已知的其他合適試劑、或經由進行反應情形之例行修改。或者是,本文揭示或此項技藝中一般已知的其他反應將視為具有可行性供製備本發明之其他化合物。
在下述的合成圖示中,除非另外說明,全部的溫度是以攝氏溫度表示且全部組份及百分比是指重量。試劑是購自商業化供應商例如Aldrich Chemical Company或Lancaster Synthesis Ltd.且使用時不再純化,除非另外說明。四氫呋喃(THF)及N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)是購自Aldrich之Sure Seal瓶且使用時不再純化。除非另外說明,下列溶劑及試劑是在無水氮氣壓下蒸餾。THF及Et2
O是從Na-二苯甲酮蒸餾;CH2
Cl2
、二異丙胺、吡啶及Et3
N是從CaH2
蒸餾;MeCN是先從P2
O5
再從CaH2
蒸餾;MeOH是從Mg蒸餾;PhMe、EtOAc及i-PrOAc是從CaH2
蒸餾;TFAA是在無水氮氣下經由簡單大氣壓力蒸餾。
下列陳述的反應通常是在正壓之氬氣下,在環境溫度(除非另外說明)及在無水溶劑中進行,且反應燒瓶是配備橡膠隔膜用於經由注射針加入物質及試劑。玻璃器皿是烤爐乾燥及/或熱乾燥。反應是經由TLC測試並在評估消耗起始物質後停止。在鋁支撐的矽膠60 F2 5 4
0.2毫米板(EM Science)進行分析級薄層層析法(TLC),並用UV光(254奈米)目視隨後與商業化乙醇系磷鉬酸加熱。在鋁支撐的矽膠60 F2 5 4
1.0毫米板(EM Science)進行製備級薄層層析法(TLC),,並用UV光(254奈米)目視。
處理通常是用反應溶劑或萃取溶劑將反應體積加倍且隨後用指示的水溶液清洗,使用25體積%之萃取體積,除非另外說明。產物溶液是經由無水Na2
SO4
及/或MgSO4
乾燥,然後過濾並在旋轉蒸發器之減壓下將溶劑蒸發並註明在真空下去除溶劑。管柱層析法是使用230-400篩目系交貨50-200篩目天然氧化鋁在正壓下完成。氫化是在實例中指明的壓力壓力下完成。
1
H-NMR光譜是在400 MHz操作下的Varian Mercury-CX400儀器上記錄且1 3
C-NMR光譜是在75 MHz操作下記錄。NMR光譜是得自CDCl3
溶液(以ppm報導),使用氯仿作為參考標準(7.27 ppm及77.0 ppm)、CD3
OD(3.4及4.8 ppm及49.3 ppm)、DMSO-d6
,或當適當時使用內部四甲基矽烷(0.00 ppm)。需要時可以使用其他NMR溶劑。當報導波峰分裂性時,使用下列縮寫:s(單峰),d(雙裂峰),t(三裂峰),q(五裂峰),m(多裂峰),br(寬峰),dd(雙裂峰之雙裂峰),dt(三裂峰之雙裂峰)。當提供偶合常數時,是以Hertz(Hz)表示。
紅外光譜(IR)是在FT-IR光譜儀上以純質的油、KBr薄片、或CDCl3
溶液記錄,且當提供時,是以波數(公分- 1
)表示。報導的質譜是經由Analytical Chemistry Department of Anadys Pharmaceuticals,Inc.進行之(+)-ES LC/MS。元素分析是經由在Norcross,GA之Atantic Microlab進行。熔點(mp)是在開口毛細管裝置上測定且未經校正。
所述的合成路徑及實驗步驟使用許多常用的化學縮寫,THF(四氫呋喃)、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)、EtOAc(乙酸乙酯)、DMSO(二甲亞碸)、DMAP(4-二甲胺基吡啶)、DBU(1,8-二氮雜環[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯)、DCM(4-(二氰基亞甲基)-2-甲基-6-(4-二甲胺基-苯乙烯基)-4H-吡喃)、MCPBA(3-氯過氧苯甲酸)、EDC(1-(3-二甲胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽)、HATU(O-(7-氮雜丙并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基六氟磷酸鹽)、HOBT(1-羥基苯并三唑水合物)、TFAA(三氟乙酸酐)、pyBOP(苯并三唑-1-氧基)三吡咯啶基鏻六氟磷酸鹽、DIEA(二異丙基乙基胺)、BOC(第三丁酯基)、2,2-DMP(2,2-二甲氧基丙烷)、IPA(異丙醇)、TEA(三乙胺)、DCE(1,2-二氯乙烷)、PPTS(吡啶鎓對甲苯磺酸酯)、DEAD(偶氮二羧酸二乙酯)、PS(聚合物支撐)、HF(氟化氫)、MeCN(乙腈)、MeOH(甲醇)、Val(纈胺酸)、Phe(苯基丙胺酸)、HPLC(高壓液相層析法)、TLC(薄層層析法)、Bz(苯甲醯基)、Ac(乙醯基)、Tol(甲苯醯基)、Me(甲基)等。
5-胺基-3-(2’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(4)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-3-(2’-C-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-苯甲醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(3)
a. BSA,MeCN,室溫,TMSOTf,80℃,67%
在雜環1(168毫克,1.00毫莫耳)及過苯甲醯基核糖2[根據Wolfe et al.,J.Org.Chem.1997,62,1754-1759之方法製備](522毫克,0.90毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(10毫升)之不均勻混合物中加入BSA(742微升,3.00毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌15分鐘並加入TMSOTf(333微升,1.50毫莫耳)。將反應混合物在65℃攪拌4小時,然後在90℃攪拌3小時。然後使混合物冷卻至室溫,用DCM(150毫升)稀釋並分配在pH 7緩衝液(100毫升)。將水層用DCM(3 x 50毫升)進一步萃取,並將合併的有機層經由Na2
SO4
並過濾。將透明的過濾液用EtOAc(200毫升)稀釋,經由短SiO2襯墊過濾,濃縮並進行快速層析法(10-40% EtOAc-DCM),得到380毫克(67%)核甙3之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.43(s,1H),7.85-8.02(m,6H),7.46-7.97(m,7H),7.35(t,J=8.06,2H),6.96(br s,2H),6.77(br s,1H),4.54-4.82(m,4H),1.77(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 627。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-3-(2’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(4)
在核甙3(380毫克,0.606毫莫耳)於MeOH(20毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(17毫克,0.12毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物在室溫攪拌18小時,然後用HOAc(15微升,0.25毫莫耳)處理,濃縮並進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),冷凍乾燥後得到20毫克(10%)標題化合物4之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.33(s,1H),6.86(br s,2H),6.09(br s,1H),5.19(br s,1H),4.88(br s,1H),4.55(t,J=5.87,1H),3.97(br s,1H),3.76-3.81(m,1H),3.61(br s,2H),1.04(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 315。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O5
S.H2
O理論值:C,39.75;H,4.85;N,16.86;S,9.65,實驗值:C,40.23;H,4.76;N,16.64;S,9.45。
5-胺基-3-(2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(10)
步驟1)製備N’-(7-氯-2-酮基-2,3-二氫-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基)-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(7)
在5-胺基-7-羥基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(10.0克,53.7毫莫耳)於MeCN(200毫升)之懸浮液中,在0℃經由添加漏斗逐滴加入SOCl2
(20.0毫升,274毫莫耳)歷時20分鐘。使所得的混合物緩慢溫熱至室溫後浸入60℃油浴中並攪拌48小時。使所得的混合物緩慢溫熱至室溫並緩慢倒入在含NaHCO3
(46克,548毫莫耳)的300毫升水中的300克碎冰。將水性混合物用20% IPA-DCM(3 x 500毫升)萃取,並將合併的有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥並濃縮,將殘留物用EtOAc碾製後得到6.33克(46%)氯脒7之褐色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 12.60(s,1H),8.69(s,1H),3.25(s,3H),3.11(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 258。
步驟2)製備N’-(7-氯-2-酮基-3-[2’-去氧-3’,5’-二-O-(對甲苯醯基)-β-D-呋喃核糖基]-2,3-二氫-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基)-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(8)
在雜環7(1.79克,6.94毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(90毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入95% NaH(183毫克,7.63毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌30分鐘,然後加入氯糖5(2.70克,6.94毫莫耳)[購自Berry & Associates,Inc.,Dexter,MI]。將反應混合物加熱至55℃,攪拌1小時,冷卻,濃縮,然後進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-10% EtOAc-DCM),得到3.8克(90%)核甙8之固體,其可經由在MeOH中碾製而進一步純化:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.64(s,1H),7.83(ABq,JA B
=8.19,△V A B
=38.53,4H),7.28(ABq,JA B
=8.19,△V A B
=36.13,4H),6.56(dd,J=8.19,5.07,1H),5.76-5.80(m,1H),4.56-4.60(m,1H),4.45-4.50(m,2H),3.27-3.34(m,1H),3.15(s,3H),3.03(s,3H),2.57-2.64(m,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.39(s,3H)。
步驟3)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-二-O-(對甲苯醯基)-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(9)
在氯芳基核甙8(924毫克,1.47毫莫耳)於乙酸(10.4毫升)之溶液中,在室溫下加入Zn-Cu偶合物(1.54克,11.9毫莫耳)。將所得的懸浮液在環境溫度下激烈減半3.5小時,經由矽藻土過濾,然後濃縮成固體物質,進行快速層析法(SiO2
,0-10% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到520毫克(67%)壞何物9之褐色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 8.34(s,1H),7.85(ABq,JA B
=8.4,△V A B
=17.6,4H),7.30(ABq,JA B
=8.4,△V A B
=27.1,4H),6.87(s,2H),6.47(m,1H),5.78(m,1H),4.62(m,1H),4.47(m,2H),3.35(m,2H),2.38(s,3H),2.35(s,3H)。
步驟4)製備5-胺基-3-(2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(10)
在從步驟3(上述)的二酯9(300毫克,0.577毫莫耳)於MeOH(20毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(188毫克,1.36毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌18小時,然後用HOAc(164微升,2.86毫莫耳)淬火,然後濃縮並進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O,TFA),冷凍乾燥後得到75毫克(46%)標題化合物10之白色固體(TFA鹽):1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.34(s,1H),7.15(br s,2H),6.33(t,J=7.0,1H),4.33(br s,1H),3.72-3.73(m,1H),3.39-3.56(m,2H),2.89-2.96(m,1H),1.99-2.05(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 285。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O4
S.C2
HF3
O2
理論值:C,36.18;H,3.29;N,14.31;S,8.05,實驗值:C,36.28;H,3.35;N,13.96;S,8.05。
5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-3’去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(15)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(12)
a. 11a,BSA,MeCN,室溫;TMSOTf,80℃,78%
在雜環1(25.0克,0.149莫耳)及去氧呋喃核糖11a(47.0克,0.122莫耳)[可經由Valdivia,et al.Tetrahedron Lett. 2005
,46,6511-6514之方法從對應的甲基呋喃核糖甙製備(Walton,et al.,J.Med.Chem. 1965
,8,659-663)]於無水MeCN(640毫升)之不均勻懸浮液中,在室溫下經由添加漏斗逐滴加入BSA(113毫升,0.458莫耳)歷時20分鐘。將所得的懸浮液在室溫下用TMSOTf(41.5毫升,0.229莫耳)逐滴處理歷時20分鐘,然後其變成透明的均勻物。將混合物加熱至迴流(內部T 83℃)並攪拌8小時,然後冷卻至室溫並經由旋轉蒸發濃縮成油性殘留物。將殘留物溶解在EtOAc(500毫升)並冷卻至10℃,然後緩慢用1 M pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液(400毫升)處理,使內部溫度保持低於35℃。完成添加緩衝液後,用固體K2
HPO4
將混合物之pH停整治7.0並持續激烈攪拌1小時。加入矽藻土(25克),並將混合物再攪拌30分鐘。經由短矽藻土墊過濾三相的混合物後得到兩個透明相。將水相用固體NaCl飽和化後用EtOAc(4 x 250毫升)萃取。將合併的有機相用鹽水(400毫升)清洗,經由Na2
SO4
及碳(1克)乾燥,然後經由短SiO2
墊過濾。將透明的琥珀色過濾液濃縮至乾,然後固體雜環沈澱。將殘留物溶解在DCM,用少量的MgSO4
處理,然後經由矽藻土過濾。將透明的過濾液濃縮並在35℃之高真空下進一步乾燥,得到褐色脆的泡沫(69.5克)。將此固體泡沫進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-40% EtOAc-己烷),得到46.3克(77%)核甙12之淡米黃色固體泡沫:1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 8.35(s,1H),7.93-8.01(m,4H),7.61-7.69(m,2H),7.47-7.56(m,4H),6.94(s,2H),6.09(d,J=1.9,1H),6.00(d,J=7.4,1H),4.64-4.69(m,1H),4.57(dd,J=12.1,2.7,1H),4.36(dd,J=12.1,5.8,1H),2.92-3.00(m,1H),2.32(dd,J=14.0,5.8,1H);[M+H]+m/z 493。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(13)
在二苯甲酸酯12(46.3克,94.0毫莫耳)及無水MeOH(1.0升)之不均勻混合物中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(2.59克,18.8毫莫耳)。混合物在30分鐘內變成均勻,然後在3小時內再度不均勻。另外加入MeOH(100毫升)以增加流動性,並將反應混合物總共攪拌24小時。將懸浮液用HOAc(2.26毫升,39.5毫莫耳)處理且隨後在45℃濃縮,冷卻後,用EtOH(200毫升)及乙醚(1800毫升)碾製1小時。將固體物質過濾,用乙醚(3 x 250毫升)清洗,空氣乾燥後用水(2 x 250毫升)清洗,在真空乾燥並從水再結晶後,得到19.47克(78%)二醇13:1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 8.31(s,1H),6.82(s,2H),5.82(d,1H),5.41(d,1H),4.79-4.83(m,1H),4.65(t,J=5.8,1H),4.13-4.20(m,1H),3.40-3.49(m,2H),2.31(ddd,J=16.0,9.4,7.0,1H),1.81(ddd,J=12.5,5.8,2.3,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 285。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O4
S理論值:C,42.25;H,4.25;N,19.71;S,11.28,實驗值:C,42.36;H,4.32;N,19.72;S,11.23。
步驟3)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(14)
c. Ac2
O,Et3
N,DMAP,MeCN f.BSA,MeCN,室溫;TMSOTf,80℃
在二醇13(8.00克,28.1毫莫耳)、Et3
N(11.8毫升,84.4毫莫耳)及DMAP(344毫克,2.81毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(190毫升)之懸浮液中,在0℃逐滴加入AC2
O(5.44毫升,57.7毫莫耳)。使在1.5小時內變成均勻的所得混合物緩慢溫熱至室溫並攪拌18小時,將其濃縮成殘留物後進行快速層析(SiO2
,0-100% EtOAc-DCM),得到8.34克(80%)二乙酸酯14之白色固體泡沫,其可經由用乙醚-己烷碾製而進一步純化:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.34(s,1H),6.91(s,2H),5.90(d,J=1.9,1H),5.65(d,J=7.4,1H),4.33-4.39(m,1H),4.25(dd,J=12.1,3.1,1H),4.01(dd,J=11.7,6.6,1H),2.65-2.73(m,1H),2.06(dd,J=13.6,6.2,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.98(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 369。元素分析C1 4
H1 6
N4
O6
S理論值:C,45.65;H,4.38;N,15.21;S,8.70,實驗值:C,45.69;H,4.52;N,15.02;S,8.64。
或者是,二乙酸酯14可以在類似於上述步驟1之方法下,從雜環1及去氧呋喃核糖11b[可以經由Valdivia,et al.Tetrahedron Lett. 2005
,46,659-663之方法製備]製備,產量是63%。
步驟4)製備5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(15)
d. Candida Arctica,丙酮,pH 7緩衝液91%
在二乙酸酯14(5.08克,13.8毫莫耳)及Candida Arctica脂肪酶丙烯酸樹脂(2.50克)[購自Sigma]於丙酮(50毫升)之緩慢攪拌的懸浮液中,在室溫下加入50毫莫耳濃度pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液(250毫升)。將所得的混合物緩慢攪拌18小時後過濾,濃縮並用EtOAc(4 x 250毫升)萃取。將合併的有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,濃縮後進行快速層析(SiO2
,0-15% IPA-DCM),得到4.11克(91%)標題化合物15之白色固體,其可經由用乙醚-己烷碾製而進一步純化:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.33(s,1H),6.87(s,2H),5.88(d,J=2.3,1H),5.66(d,J=7.8,1H),4.76(t,J=5.8,1H),4.11-4.18(m,1H),3.43-3.53(m,2H),2.50-2.57(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.98(dd,J=13.6,5.8,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 327。元素分析C1 2
H1 4
N4
O5
S理論值:C,44.17;H,4.32;N,17.17;S,9.83,實驗值:C,44.12;H,4.45;N,16.88;S,9.69。
5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(16)
f. 11c,BSA,MeCN,室溫;80℃
在雜環1(106毫克,0.633毫莫耳)及去氧呋喃核糖11c[購自Berry & Associates,Inc.,Dexter,MI](183毫克,0.57毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(8毫升)之不均勻混合物中,在室溫下加入BSA(464微升,1.89毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物浸入60℃油浴並攪拌4小時。將混合物經由旋轉蒸發濃縮並分配在EtOAc(100毫升)及飽和的NaHCO3
(50毫升)。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥並濃縮。將粗物質用Et2
O-EtOAc碾製,得到132毫克(54%)灰色固體,將其進行HPLC(MeCN-H2
O)而得到分析級樣本:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.33(s,1H),7.91-7.94(m,2H),7.60-7.65(m,1H),7.47-7.50(m,2H),6.94(s,2H),5.93(d,J=1.8,1H),5.72(dd,J=5.9,1.5,1H),4.50-4.53(m,2H),4.31(q,J=7.0,1H),2.80-2.88(m,1H),2.14(dd,J=13.2,5.1,1H),2.07(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 431。
5-胺基-3-苄基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(18)
a. POCl3
,DMF,90℃.b.Guanidine HCl,NaOMe,MeOH,19%經2個步驟
在0℃之POCl3
(8.09毫升,86.8毫莫耳)中,依序加入固體3-苄基-噻唑啶-2,4-二酮[根據Lo,et al.,J.Org.Chem.1957,999-1001之方法製備]及DMF。將反應混合物攪拌5分鐘,然後轉移至90℃油浴並攪拌3小時。將深色混合物倒入冰(100克)及水(100毫升),隨後用EtOAc(3 x 100毫升)萃取。將合併的有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,然後經由矽藻土過濾,濃縮,溶解在DCM,經由短SiO2
墊過濾且最後濃縮成深色油,其使用時不再純化。
將胍鹽酸鹽(8.87克,92.8毫莫耳)以固體添加至在MeOH(48毫升)中的-5℃之25% NaOMe-MeOH(18毫升,79.6毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌5分鐘後用粗氯醛[從上述]在MeOH(20毫升)中的溶液處理。將反應混合物放在90℃油浴,經由蒸餾MeOH濃縮2小時,然後再加熱30分鐘。將殘留物溶解在EtOAc(200毫升)並用1N HCl(100毫升)分配。將水層用固體NaHCO3
處理並用EtOAc(3 x 100毫升)分配。將從鹼性萃取之合併的有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,然後濃縮成殘留物,將其進行層析(SiO2
,50-70% EA-DCM),得到1.4克(19%)標題化合物18之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.32(s,1H),7.24-7.34(m,5H),6.83(s,2H),5.01(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 259。
5-胺基-3-(3’,3’-C,O-二甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(23)
步驟1)製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-甲基-3-O-甲基-5-O-三苯甲基-α-D-呋喃核糖(20)
a. KH(xs),二烷,DMF(3:1);Mel,室溫,72小時,87%
在三級醇19(716毫克,1.60毫莫耳)[根據Just et al.Tetrahedron Lett.2000,41,9223-9227製備]於無水二烷(6毫升)之混合物中,在室溫下加入過量的KH(在礦物油中的30%分散液)。將所得的混合物攪拌1小時後用MeI(2毫升,32毫莫耳)處理,產生大量的沈澱。加入DMF(2毫升)使反應混合物保持足夠的流動性以攪拌72小時。將混合物用EtOAc(100毫升)稀釋並用飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(50毫升)分配。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,10-60% EtOAc-己烷),得到640毫克甲醚20之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 7.22-7.35(m,15H),5.72(d,J=2.9,1H),4.30(d,J=2.9,1H),4.07(dd,J=7.7,2.6,1H),3.14(s,3H),2.92-3.05(m,2H),1.51(s,3H),1.28(s,3H),0.82(s,3H)。
步驟2)製備1,2,5-四-O-乙醯基-3,3-C,O-二甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖(21)
b. HOAc,Ac2
O,H2
SO4
,室溫,33%
在HOAc(50.0毫升)及Ac2
O(3.83毫升,40.6毫莫耳)之溶液中加入呋喃核糖20(3.62克,8.11毫莫耳)。在此無色溶液中加入在HOAc中的1 M H2
SO4
(0.41毫升,0.41毫莫耳),導致深黃色溶液。將溶液在室溫攪拌16小時,然後經由旋轉蒸發濃縮。經由數個體積之甲苯將過量的HOAc共沸去除。將殘留物溶解在DCM(100毫升)並用飽和的NaHCO3
(30毫升)清洗。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,傾析,並濃縮成油性不均勻的混合物。將此混合物進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-35% EtOAc-己烷),得到0.78克(33%)三乙酸酯21之乳黃色油:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 5.91(d,J=2.0,1H),5.07(d,J=2.4,1H),4.29(dd,J=3.2,12.0,1H),4.15(dd,J=3.2,7.2,1H),3.96(dd,J=6.8,12.0,1H),3.17(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.04(s,6H),1.33(s,3H)。
步驟3)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’,3’-C,O-二甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(22)
c. BSA,MeCN,室溫;TMSOTf,80℃,65%
在雜環1於無水MeCN(5.0毫升)之混合物中,在室溫下逐滴加入BSA(0.52毫升,2.11毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物浸入40℃油浴,攪拌90分鐘後變成均勻。依序加入呋喃核糖21(0.20克,0.73毫莫耳)及TMSOTf(158.4微升,0.88毫莫耳)。將反應混合物浸入80℃油浴並加熱2小時。使反應冷卻至室溫,並分配在1M pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液(15毫升)及EtOAc(30毫升)。將所得的乳液經由矽藻土過濾後得到兩個分開的層。將有機層分離並經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並在真空濃縮成深橙棕色殘留物。將此殘留物進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-50% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到0.30克(59%)核甙22之微細分粒的乳黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.34(s,1H),6.90(br s,2H),6.11(dd,J=8.0,27.6,2H),4.3-4.17(m,3H),2.75(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.35(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 413。
步驟4)製備5-胺基-3-(3’,3’-C,O-二甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(23)
d. K2
CO3
,MeOH,室溫
將核甙22(230毫克,0.56毫莫耳)溶解在5.6毫升MeOH。加入固體K2
CO3
(15.4毫克,0.11毫莫耳)並將反應在室溫攪拌16小時。加入HOAc(16.0微升,0.28毫莫耳)並將反應攪拌30分鐘,然後在真空將混合物濃縮至乾。將殘留的黃色固體用Et2
O(3 x 10毫升)碾製,經由吸管小心取出過濾液。然後將固體物質用H2
O(3 x 5毫升)清洗,用Et2
O(2 x 5毫升)清洗並在真空乾燥24小時後得到76.4毫克(42%)微細分粒的白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.35(s,1H),6.83(br s,2H),5.93(d,J=8.58,1H),5.24(d,J=7.02,1H),4.95(t,J=7.4,1H),4.57(t,J=5.46,1H),3.95(t,J=5.07,1H),3.46-3.58(m,2H),3.26(s,3H),1.29(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 329。
5-胺基-3-(5’-O-乙醯基-2’-O-[2”-O-乙醯基丙基]-3-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(27)
步驟1)製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-甲基-5-O-三苯甲基-α-D-呋喃核糖(25)
a. H2
,5% Pd/C,EtOAc,室溫,48小時,6:1(α/β),78%
在24(2.40克,5.60毫莫耳)[根據Bera,et al.Helvetica Chimica Acta 2000,83(7),1398-1407製備]溶解在EtOAc(50毫升)之溶液中,在N2
氣壓下加入5% Pd/C(240毫克)。將燒瓶充填1大氣壓之H2
,並在室溫攪拌72小時。將反應混合物經由矽藻土過濾,並在真空濃縮橙透明無色油。快速層析純化(SiO2
,0-40% EtOAc-己烷),得到1.88克25(78%)異構物之6:1(α/β)混合物:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 7.22-7.38(m,15H),7.63(d,J=3.2,1H),4.53(t,J=4.0,1H),3.67(dq,J=2.8,1.6,1H),3.18(dd,J=3.2,10.4,1H),2.99(dd,J=5.2,10.8,1H),1.89-1.98(m,1H),1.38(s,3H),1.24(s,3H),0.81(d,J=6.8,3H)。
步驟2)製備1,5-二-O-乙醯基-2-O-(2’-O-乙醯基丙基)-3-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖(26)
b. HOAc,Ac2
O,H2
SO4
,室溫,19%
類似於實例6步驟3之方法,在19%產量下將25轉化橙26。將粗殘留物進行快速層析(SiO2
,2-30% EtOAc-己烷),經由1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)得到異構物之5:1(β/α)混合物(含三苯基甲烷),其不再純化而用於下一個步驟:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 6.07(d,J=2.8,1H),5.02(ddd,J=6.8,6.8,2.8,1H),4.25(dd,J=12.0,3.2,1H),4.06-4.21(m,2H),2.14-2.23(m,1H),2.03(s,3H),2.00(s,3H),1.99(s,3H),1.41(s,3H),1.39(s,3H),0.91(d,J=6.8,3H)。
步驟3)製備5-胺基-3-(5’-O-乙醯基-2’-O-[2”-O-乙醯基丙基]-3-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(27)
c.BSA,MeCN,室溫;TMSOTf,60℃,11%
在雜環1於無水MeCN(5.0毫升)之混合物中,在室溫下逐滴加入BSA(0.52毫升,2.11毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌30分鐘,然後依序加入呋喃核糖26(0.20克,0.73毫莫耳)及TMSOTf(158.4微升,0.88毫莫耳)。將反應混合物浸入60℃油浴,其隨後變成均勻的溶液。持續攪拌2.5小時。使反應冷卻至室溫,然後分配在1M pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液及EtOAc。將混合物經由矽藻土過濾並將兩個分開的層分離。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-50% EtOAc-己烷),得到30.0毫克標題化合物27之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.36(s,1H),6.90(s,2H),6.09(d,J=7.2,1H),5.16(t,J=7.2,1H),4.88(dt,J=6.4,3.2,1H),4.20(dd,J=3.2,12.0,1H),4.08(dd,J=6.4,12.0,1H),2.28(dq,J=6.8,14,1H),1.97(s,3H),1.87(s,3H),1.54(s,3H),1.41(s,3H),0.86(d,J=6.8,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 441。
5-胺基-3-(3’-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(30) 步驟1)製備5-胺基-3-(3’-O-乙醯基-2’,5’-二-O-苯甲醯基-3’-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(29)
a.雜環1,BSA,TMSOTf,CH3
CN,88%
將5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(123毫克,0.733毫莫耳)、3’-C-甲基-呋喃核糖28[根據Wang et al.J.Med.Chem.2000,43,3704-3713之方法製備](302毫克,0.66毫莫耳)、BSA(447毫克,2.2毫莫耳)及MeCN(8毫升)激烈混合30分鐘直到得到均勻的溶液。然後將反應加入TMSOTf(0.186毫升,1.1毫莫耳)並放入在65℃預先加熱的油浴。經3小時後,使反應冷卻至室溫並經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除。將所得的固體溶解在EtOAc(200毫升)並經由飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(2 x 100毫升)萃取。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥並濃縮。將粗產物進行快速層析(SiO2
,0-40% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到365毫克(88%)之褐色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.38(s,1H),7.92(d,J=6.4,4H),7.69(m,2H),7.53(m,4H),6.93(br s,2H),6.90(s,1H),6.43(d,J=7.2,1H),6.10(t,J=9.2,1H),4.80(br s,1H),4.59(br s,1H),2.09(s,3H),1.97(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 565。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-3-(3’-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(30)
將5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-苯甲醯基-3’-O-乙醯基-3’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(365毫克,0.647毫莫耳)溶解在MeOH(10毫升)。加入K2
CO3
(17.9毫克,0.129毫莫耳),並將反應在室溫攪拌16小時。加入乙酸(15.5毫克,0.258毫莫耳),並將反應經由旋轉蒸發濃縮。然後將粗產物進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到135毫克(66%)之固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.35(s,1H),6.82(br s,2H),5.91(d,J=8.0,1H),5.38(d,J=6.4,1H),4.81(t,J=6.0,1H),4.68(s,1H),4.51(t,J=5.6,1H),3.78(t,J=5.6,1H),3.48-3.53(m,2H),1.21(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 315。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O5
S.0.5H2
O理論值:C,40.86;H,4.68;N,17.33;S,9.92,實驗值:C,40.78;H,4.90;N,16.94;S,9.87。
5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-β-D-呋喃核糖基-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(33)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7-(6H)-酮(32)
a. BSA,TAR,MeCN,60℃;TMSOTf,60℃,80%
將雜環31[根據Robins et al.J.Med.Chem.1990,33,407-415之方法製備](150毫克,0.75毫莫耳)、TAR(214毫克,0.675毫莫耳)、MeCN(10毫升)及BSA(0.55毫升,2.25毫莫耳)混合並在60℃加熱1小時。然後將反應加入TMSOTf(250毫克,1.13毫莫耳)並在60℃攪拌16小時。將混合物經由旋轉蒸發濃縮,並將粗固體溶解在EtOAc(20毫升)。然後將此有機層用飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(2 x 10毫升)萃取,並經由旋轉蒸發濃縮至乾。將殘留物用Et2
O(10毫升)碾製,得到200毫克(80%)之固體,將其經由HPLC(MeCN-H2
O)進一步純化,得到分析級的純樣本:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.54(s,1H),7.04(br s,2H),6.59(m,1H),6.10(m,1H),5.70(t,J=7.2,1H),4.42(dd,J=12.0,3.2,1H),4.27(m,1H),4.18(m,1H),2.08(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),1.99(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 459。元素分析C1 6
H1 8
N4
O8
S2
理論值:C,41.92;H,3.96;N,12.22;S,13.99,實驗值:C,41.78;H,3.99;N,12.02;S,13.72。
步驟1)製備5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-β-D-呋喃核糖基-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(33)
b. K2
CO3
,MeOH,室溫,66%
將核甙三酯32(100毫克,0.21毫莫耳)及K2
CO3
(42.7毫克,0.31毫莫耳)溶解在MeOH(5毫升)並在環境溫度下攪拌16小時。在此混合物中加入HOAc(37毫克,0.62毫莫耳)並經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除。然後將殘留物進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到47毫克(66%)之固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.66(s,1H),6.91(br s,2H),6.47(s,1H),5.31(d,J=5.2,1H),4.94(s,1H),4.78(s,2H),4.27(d,J=8.0,1H),3.78(m,1H),3.69(m,1H),3.52(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 333。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O5
S2
.0.5TFA.0.75H2
O.0.25MeCN理論值:C,33.43;H,3.60;N,14.41,實驗值:C,33.11;H,3.73;N,14.80。
5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7-(6H)-酮(34)
製備5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7-(6H)-酮(34)
a. BSA,四乙醯基呋喃木糖,MeCN,60℃,30分鐘;TMSOTf,4小時,15%
將雜環31(265.3毫克,1.33毫莫耳)、四乙醯基呋喃木糖(380毫克,1.33毫莫耳)、BSA(1.26毫升,5.32毫莫耳)及MeCN(10毫升)在60℃加熱30分鐘。然後將反應加入TMSOTf(0.36毫升,2.0毫莫耳)。經4小時後,處理反應是經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除並將粗固體溶解在乙酸乙酯(15毫升)。然後將此有機層用飽和的碳酸氫鈉(2 x 10毫升)萃取。將有機層濃縮並將粗固體在1:1 EtOAc-己烷碾製。收集固體並進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到40毫克(15%):1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.45(s,1H),6.90(br s,2H),6.49-6.58(m,1H),6.35-6.49(m,1H),5.58(d,J=5.6,1H),4.55(s,1H),4.31(m,2H),2.11(m,3H),1.99(m,3H),1.98(m,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 459。元素分析C1 6
H1 8
N4
O8
S2
理論值:C,41.92;H,3.96;N,12.22;S,13.99,實驗值:C,42.14;H,3.99;N,12.11;S,14.01。
5-胺基-3-β-D-呋喃核糖基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(39)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(37)
b. O-乙基黃甙酸鉀鹽,DMF,30%
將5-溴-嘧啶-2,4-二胺(2.0克,10.58毫莫耳)[類似於English et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1946,68,453-458之方法製備]及O-乙基黃甙酸鉀鹽(3.39克,21.16毫莫耳)在DMF(25毫升)中加熱至140℃。經5小時後,使反應冷卻至環境溫度並加入25毫升水。然後使用1N HCl將pH調整至5.0。紅色沈澱物形成並經由過濾收集,得到900毫克(30%)之固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 13.85(s,1H),8.33(br s,1H),6.90(s,2H)。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(38)
將5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(250毫克,1.36毫莫耳)、TAR(389毫克,1.22毫莫耳)及BSA(1.0毫升,4.08毫莫耳)在乙腈(10毫升)中加熱至60℃。經30分鐘後,將反應加入TMSOTf(0.37毫升,2.04毫莫耳)並使反應進行16小時。經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除並將粗產物再度溶解在EtOAc(15毫升)。將有機層用濃NaHCO3
水溶液(2 x 10毫升)萃取。將有機層再度濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,5% MeOH-EtOAc),得到301毫克(57%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.49(s,1H),7.08(br s,2H),6.65(s,1H),6.12(m,1H),5.79(t,J=8.0,1H),4.43(dd,J=12.0,3.6,1H),4.28-4.34(m,1H),4.17(dd,J=11.6,6.8,1H),2.09(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),1.97(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 443。
步驟3)製備5-胺基-3-β-D-呋喃核糖基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(39)
將5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(202毫克,0.46毫莫耳)溶解在MeOH(5毫升),並加入K2
CO3
(18.9毫克,0.14毫莫耳)。經1小時後,加入乙酸(21毫克,0.28毫莫耳),並將反應經由旋轉蒸發濃縮。將粗固體進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到108毫克(74%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.45(s,1H),6.96(br s,2H),6.53(d,J=4.4,1H),5.33(d,J=6.0,1H),5.03(m,1H),4.86(d,J=6.4,1H),4.67(t,J=6.0,1H),4.33(m,1H),3.79(m,1H),3.70(m,1H),3.53(m,1H)。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O4
S2
.0.35H2
O理論值:C,37.22;H,3.97;N,17.36;S,19.87,實驗值:C,37.64;H,3.87;N,17.02;S,19.39。
5-胺基-3-β-D-呋喃木糖基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(41)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(40)
e.四乙醯基呋喃木糖,BSA,MeCN,TMSOTf,13%
將5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(237毫克,1.28毫莫耳)、四乙醯基木糖(370毫克,1.16毫莫耳)及BSA(1.25毫升,5.12毫莫耳)在MeCN(10毫升)中加熱至60℃經30分鐘。在反應中加入TMSOTf(347微升,1.92毫莫耳)並將反應混合物在60℃攪拌16小時,然後經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除並將粗產物再度溶解在EtOAc(15毫升)。將有機層用濃NaHCO3
水溶液(2 x 10毫升)萃取。然後濃縮成固體殘留物並進行快速層析(0-100% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到67毫克(13%)之褐色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.51(s,1H),6.90(br s,2H),6.67(d,J=4.0,1H),6.94(t,J=2.0,1H),5.62(m,1H),5.63(m,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.21(br m,1H),2.18(s,3H),1.97(s,3H),1.94(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 443。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-3-β-D-呋喃木糖基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(41)
將5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-硫酮(65毫克,0.14毫莫耳)溶解在MeOH(5毫升)。在其中加入K2
CO3
(19毫克,0.137毫莫耳),並將所得的混合物攪拌3小時,然後用HOAc(140微升,2.4毫莫耳)淬火,並經由旋轉蒸發濃縮。將粗固體進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到30毫克(62%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.50(s,1H),6.90(br s,2H),6.45(d,J=5.2,1H),5.67(d,J=8.0,1H),5.49(d,J=8.4,1H),5.03(m,1H),4.49(t,J=5.2,1H),4.02(m,2H),3.72(m,2H)。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O4
S2
.0.4H2
O理論值:C,37.12;H,3.99;N,17.32;S,19.82,實驗值:C,37.53;H,3.80;N,17.04;S,19.42。
5-胺基-7-乙氧基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5--d]嘧啶-2-酮(43)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-7-羥基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(42)
a. 1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖,BSA,MeCN,40℃;TMSOTf,80℃
將雜環6(4.60克,25.00毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(83.0毫升)之混合物中逐滴加入BSA(15.28毫升,62.49毫莫耳)。將反應浸在40℃油浴並攪拌90分鐘,依序加入1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖(5.42克,20.80毫莫耳)及TMSOTf(5.65毫升,31.24毫莫耳)。將所得的濃混合物浸在80℃油浴,經15分鐘後混合物變成均勻的溶液。將反應在80℃攪拌2小時,冷卻至室溫,然後分配在1 M pH7磷酸鹽緩衝液(50毫升)及EtOAc(100毫升)。將所得的乳化液經由矽藻土墊過濾,將兩個不同的層分離。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並在真空濃縮後得到殘留物。將殘留物進行快速層析(SiO2
,0-6% MeOH-DCM),得到3.41克(43%)核甙42之微細分粒的淡黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.22(s,1H),6.95(br s,2H),5.79(d,J=2.0,1H),5.59(d,J=7.2,1H),4.20-4.34(m,1H),4.22(dd,J=3.2,12.0,1H),3.99(dd,J=6.4,11.6,1H),2.57-2.67(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.99(s,3H),1.97-2.03(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 385。元素分析C1 4
H1 6
N4
O7
S理論值:C,43.75;H,4.20;N,14.58;S,8.34,實驗值:C,43.64;H,4.31;N,14.37;S,8.19。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-7-乙氧基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(43)
b. EtOH,S-TPP,DEAD,THF,室溫,20%
在42(99毫克,0.26毫莫耳)溶解於無水THF(5.5毫升)之溶液中加入S-TPP PPh3
樹脂(0.36克,0.77毫莫耳,2.15毫莫耳/克)。將混合物冷卻至0℃,並依序加入EtOH(30.1微升,0.52毫莫耳)及DEAD(176.0微升,0.39毫莫耳)。將反應混合物從冰浴取出並溫熱至室溫後攪拌16小時。將混合物在真空濃縮成殘留物,使其通過數次的快速層析純化(SiO2
,用在己烷中的2% MeOH/0-40% EtOAc洗提),得到0.22毫克43(20%):1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 6.95(br s,2H),5.87(d,J=2.4,1H),5.64(d,J=7.2,1H),4.39(q,J=6.8,2H),4.32-4.4(m,1H),4.25(dd,J=3.2,11.6,1H),3.96-4.03(m,1H),2.63-2.71(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),2.03-2.08(m,1H),1.99(s,3H),1.30(t,J=6.8,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 413。
5-胺基-7-乙氧基-3-(β-D-呋喃核糖基)-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(45)
步驟1)製備5-胺基-7-乙氧基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(44)
c. S-TPP,乙醇,DEAD,THF,65%
將5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-(2,3,5-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(250毫克,0.54毫莫耳)及S-TPP PPh3
樹脂(753毫克,1.62毫莫耳)懸浮在THF(15毫升)並冷卻至0℃。依序加入EtOH(50微升,1.08毫莫耳)及DEAD(148微升,0.82毫莫耳)。經1小時後使反應混合物溫熱至環境溫度並攪拌16小時。然後將反應混合物過濾,濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,15% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到200毫克(65%)之白色泡沫:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 6.91(s,1H),6.47(br s,2H),6.29(m,1H),6.18(s,1H),4.62-4.31(m,5H),1.42(t,J=4.2,3H),1.38(s,3H),1.35(s,3H),1.32(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 487。
步驟2)製備5-胺基-7-乙氧基-3-β-D-呋喃核糖基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-酮(45)
將5-胺基-2,3-二氫-2-硫代-3-(2,3,5-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-7(6H)-乙醚(180毫克,0.37毫莫耳)及K2
CO3
(12.8毫克,0.01毫莫耳)懸浮在MeOH(5毫升)。經1小時後,加入醋酸並經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除。將粗產物進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到105毫克(83 %)之固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 6.98(s,2H),6.50(d,J=4.8,1H),5.32(d,J=5.2,1H),5.01(s,1H),4.85(d,J=5.6,1H),4.68(t,J=5.6,1H),4.43(dd,J=13.6,6.8,2H),4.30(m,1H),3.80(m,1H),3.71(m,1H),3.66(m,1H),1.31(t,J=6.8,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 361。
製備5-胺基-3H-
唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(50)
將2,4-二胺基-嘧啶-5-醇(500毫克,3.97毫莫耳)[根據Hull.J.Chem.Soc.1956,2033-2035之方法製備]懸浮在DMF(10毫升)。在其中依序加入NaH(86.7毫克,3.77毫莫耳)及CDI(707毫克,4.36毫莫耳),並將反應混合物在60℃激烈攪拌下加熱3小時。使混合物冷卻至環境溫度,然後用水(25毫升)淬火。經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑及水去除,並將殘留物在水(5毫升)中碾製。經由過濾收集固體並乾燥,得到230毫克(38%):1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.90(br s,1H),7.72(br s,1H),6.72(s,2H);元素分析C5
H4
N4
O2
.0.2H2
O理論值:C,38.56;H,2.85;N,35.98,實驗值:C,39.01;H,2.71;N,35.58;[M+H]+
m/z 153。
a. NaH,Im2
C=S,DMF.b.BSA,適當的β-D-呋喃核糖,MeCN,室溫;TMSOTf,80℃.c.K2
CO3
,MeOH,室溫.d.NaH,Im2
C=O,DMF.
使二胺基羥基嘧啶46與NaH及CDI在DMF中反應後得到雜環50,或與NaH及TCDI在DMF中反應後得到雜環47。兩種胺基嘧啶47及50都可與適當選擇的β-D-呋喃核糖(其中R1、R2及R3可獨立地是乙醯基或苯甲醯基)進行BSA-TMSOTf仲介的偶合反應,分別得到核甙48及51。48及51之鹼性甲醇分解,分別得到去保護的核甙49及52。
a)NaH,DMF,4小時,75℃
製備5-胺基-3-吡啶-3-基甲基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(54) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-吡啶-3-基甲基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(54)
在環境溫度下將5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(107毫克,0.64毫莫耳)溶解在DMF(4毫升)。加入氫化鈉(30毫克,1.32毫莫耳)並將混合物加熱至30℃。持續攪拌0.5小時後,加入3-溴甲基-吡啶溴酸鹽(179毫克,0.71毫莫耳)。然後將混合物加熱至75℃並攪拌4小時。完成後,使反應冷卻至室溫後濃縮。加入水(12毫升)。將所得的混合物用水(12毫升)稀釋,然後用乙酸乙酯(3 x 5毫升)萃取。將合併的有機層用鹽水清洗,經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將粗物質經由管柱層析法(SiO2
,20-50% EtOAc-CH2
Cl2
)純化,得到90毫克(54%)54之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.59(s,1H),8.48(d,J=3.6,1H),8.32(s,1H),7.71(d,J=8.4,1H),7.36(m,1H),6.86(s,2H),5.04(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 260.1。
製備5-胺基-3-(6-氯-吡啶-3-基甲基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(55) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(6-氯-吡啶-3-基甲基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(55)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在54%產量下得到111毫克標題化合物55之橙色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.42(s,1H),8.30(s,1H),7.77(d,J=8.8,1H),7.47(d,J=8.0,1H),6.85(s,2H),5.11(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 294.1。
製備(Z)-5-胺基-3-(4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(56) 步驟1:製備(Z)-5-胺基-3-(4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(56)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在46%產量下得到74毫克標題化合物56之黃色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.29(s,1H),6.80(s,2H),5.81(m,1H),5.66(m,1H),4.53(d,J=6.0,2H),4.27(d,J=8.0,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 257.2。
製備5-胺基-3-己基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(57) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-己基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(57)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在15%產量下得到51毫克標題化合物57之灰色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.28(s,1H),6.78(s,1H),3.82(t,J=7.2,2H),1.64(m,2H),1.27(m,6H),0.85(t,J=6.8,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 253.1。
製備(±)-5-胺基-3-環戊基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(58) 步驟1:製備(±)-5-胺基-3-環戊基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(58)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在5%產量下得到21毫克標題化合物58之淡黃色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.09(s,1H),5.23(s,2H),2.24(m,1H),2.00(m,4H),1.66(m,4H);[M+H]+
m/z 237.0。
製備5-胺基-3-(4-硝基-苯基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(59) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(4-硝基-苯基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(59)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在10%產量下得到45毫克標題化合物59之橙色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.59(s,1H),8.18(d,J=9.2,2H),7.99(d,J=9.2,2H),5.74(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 290.2。
5-胺基-3-(2,3,5,6-四氟-吡啶-4-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(60) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2,3,5,6-四氟-吡啶-4-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(60)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在5%產量下得到35毫克標題化合物60之橙色固體::1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.16(s,1H),4.01(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 318.4。
a)(E)-1,4-二氯-2-丁烯,NaH,DMF b)0.1M HCl
製備(E)-5-胺基-3-(4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(62)步驟1:製備(E)-5-胺基-3-(4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(61)
標題化合物61可在不同情形下,經由將5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(1)在DMF中用氫化鈉及(E)-1,4-二氯-2-丁烯處理而合成。
步驟2:製備(E)-5-胺基-3-(4-羥基-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(62)
標題化合物62可在不同情形下,經由將(E)-5-胺基-3-(4-氯-2-丁烯-1-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(61)用0.1 M HCl處理而合成。
a)BSA,TMSOTf,CH3CN,80℃,3-4小時b)K2
CO3
,DMF,室溫,過夜
製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(65)
步驟1:製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(64)
將(3S)-3-O-乙醯氧基甲基-1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-去氧-α,β-呋喃核糖(63)[根據Cooperwood et al.Nucleosides,Nucleotides,and Nucleic Acids 2000,19,219-236之方法製備,其中製備相同化合物之對掌異構物](176毫克,0.53毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在乙腈(7毫升)。加入5-胺基-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(1)(89毫克,0.53毫莫耳),然後將混合物攪拌0.5小時後加熱至40℃。在40℃經5分鐘後,加入BSA(0.39毫升,1.59毫莫耳)並將混合物再攪拌0.5小時。然後將混合物加熱至80℃。加入TMSOTf(0.14毫升,0.80毫莫耳)並將反應在80℃攪拌3-4小時。完成後,使反應冷卻至室溫後經由pH 7.0緩衝液(1.0 M K2
HPO4
及1.0 M NaH2
PO4
,2毫升)淬火。將混合物用CH2
Cl2
(3 x 10毫升)萃取。將合併的有機層用鹽水清洗,經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,並在真空濃縮。將粗產物經由管柱層析法(SiO2
,0-10% MeOH-CH2
Cl2
)純化,得到77毫克(33%)64之粉狀淡黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.14(s,1H),6.04(d,J=1.4,1H),5.90(dd,J=6.8,1.6,1H),5.24(s,2H),4.52(dd,J=12.0,2.8,1H),4.36(m,2H),4.17(m,2H),3.54(m,1H),2.18(s,9H);[M+H]+
m/z 441.2。元素分析C1 7
H2 0
N4
O8
S.0.6H2
O理論值:C,45.25;H,4.74;N,12.42;S,7.11,實驗值:C,45.24;H,4.66;N,12.02;S,7.24。
步驟2:製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(65)
將(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-乙醯氧基甲基甲基-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮64(114毫克,0.28毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在甲醇(2毫升)。加入碳酸鉀(2毫克,觸媒)並將混合物在室溫攪拌過夜。完成後,加入醋酸(2微升)並將混合物在室溫再攪拌30分鐘。將混合物濃縮,經由HPLC純化,然後經由EtOAc碾製,得到79毫克(90%)65之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,D2
O)δ 8.28(s,1H),6.10(m,1H),5.18(m,1H),4.20(m,1H),3.95(m,2H),3.78(m,2H),3.00(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 315.2。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O5
S.0.3H2
O.0.15iPrOH理論值:C,41.83;H,4.84;N,17.04;S,9.75,實驗值:C,41.92;H,4.61;N,16.89;S,9.78。
製備5-胺基-3-(5’-去氧-5’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(68)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-O-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’-二-O-乙醯基-5’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(67)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,在53%之產量下從5-O-乙醯氧基甲基-1,2,3-三-O-乙醯基-5-去氧-α,β-D-呋喃核糖(66)[根據Pakulski et al.Polish J.Chem.1995,69,912-917之方法製備]製備標題化合物67之黏稠黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.15(s,1H),6.34(m,1H),6.25(d,J=6.0,1H),6.11(d,J=4.0,1H),6.04(m,1H),5.76(t,J=6.0,1H),5.42(s,1H),4.93(m,1H),4.35(m,1H),4.21(q,J=5.6,1H),2.20(s,9H);[M+H]+
m/z 441.2。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-去氧-5’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(68)
類似於實例23步驟2之方法,在71%之產量下製備標題化合物68之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 8.33(s,1H),6.84(s,2H),5.86(d,J=4.4,1H),5.26(d,J=5.2,1H),4.93(m,1H),4.74(q,J=10.0,4.4,2H),4.40(m,1H),3.82(m,2H),1.76(m,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 315.2。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O5
S.0.4H2
O.0.2iPrOH理論值:C,41.77;H,4.96;N,16.80;S,9.61,實驗值:C,41.61;H,4.85;N,16.68;S,9.58。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-O-鄰甲苯磺醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(73)
a)TsCl,py,室溫,24小時b)Ac2
O,AcOH,H2
SO4
,室溫,24小時
步驟1:製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-O-對甲苯磺醯基-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃木糖(70)
將1,2-O-異丙叉-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃木糖(69)[根據Johnston et al.Tetrahedron Lett.1995,36,4341-4344之方法製備](4.25克,9.83毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在吡啶(60毫升)。將對甲苯磺醯氯(2.81克,14.74毫莫耳)加入溶液。經24小時後,反應完成,將粗混合物濃縮。將殘留物溶解在EtOAc(50毫升),用飽和的NH4
Cl(25毫升)、飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(25毫升)及鹽水(25毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾,然後濃縮。然後將混合物經由ISCO層析法(SiO2
,2-15% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到5.20克(90%)70之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.61(m,2H),7.32-7.34(m,6H),7.23-7.32(m,9H),5.92(d,J=4.4,1H),4.74(dd,J=11.2,3.6,2H),4.19-4.22(m,1H),3.45(dd,J=10.4,6.4,1H),3.05(q,J=5.2,1H),2.40(s,3H),1.49(s,3H),1.31(s,3H)。
步驟2:製備1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-O-對甲苯磺醯基-α,β-D-呋喃木糖(71)
將1,2-O-異丙叉-3-O-對甲苯磺醯基-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃木糖(70)(5.20克,8.86毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在AcOH(60毫升)。將醋酸酐(4.23毫升,44.71毫莫耳)逐滴加入溶液中。將所得的混合物冷卻至0℃,隨後緩慢加入1 M H2
SO4
(9.75毫升,9.75毫莫耳)。經24小時後,反應完成,將粗混合物濃縮,然後與甲苯(2 x 20毫升)共沸。將殘留物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(50毫升),用飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(20毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾,然後濃縮。然後將混合物經由ISCO層析法(SiO2
,2-40% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到3.09克(81%)71之無色油:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ(α及β異構物之混合物)7.80-7.85(m),7.37-7.39(m),6.36(d,J=4.4),6.06(s),5.20-5.30(m),4.56-4.62(m),4.26-4.29(m),2.50(s),2.06-2.08(m)。
步驟3:製備5-胺基-3-[2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-3’-O-鄰甲苯磺醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基]-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(72)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,在54%之產量下製備161毫克標題化合物72之絨毛狀黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.12(s,1H),7.85(d,J=8.8,2H),7.39(d,J=8.8,2H),6.18(d,J=2.8,1H),5.90(br s,2H),5.77(d,J=4.4,1H),5.01(dd,J=6.4,5.2,1H),4.34(m,1H),4.27(m,2H),2.48(s,3H),2.04(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 539.3。
步驟4:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-O-鄰甲苯磺醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(73)
類似於實例23步驟2之方法,在61%之產量下製備標題化合物73之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 8.36(s,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0,2H),7.48(d,J=8.0,2H),6.80(s,2H),5.92(d,J=6.0,1H),5.71(d,J=6.4,1H),5.20(m,1H),4.89(q,J=5.6,3.6,1H),4.73(s,2H),4.10(m,2H),2.43(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 455.2。元素分析C1 7
H1 8
N4
O7
S2
.0.4H2
O理論值:C,44.22;H,4.10;N,12.14;S,13.89,實驗值:C,44.45;H,4.15;N,12.07;S,13.71。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(76)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(75)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,在85%之產量下從1,2-二-O-乙醯基-5-O-苯甲醯基-3-去氧-3-甲叉-α,β-D-呋喃核糖(74)[根據Girardet et al.J.Med.Chem.2000,43,3704-3713之方法製備]製備標題化合物75之黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.13(s,1H),8.05(dd,J=8.4,1.2,2H),7.57(tt,J=7.2,1.2,1H),6.51(m,1H),6.17(d,J=4.4,1H),5.30(s,2H),5.11(m,2H),4.82(dd,J=11.6,4.8,2H),4.52(dd,J=11.6,6.8,1H),2.14(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 443.2。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(76)
類似於實例23步驟2之方法,在35%之產量下製備標題化合物76之灰白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.37(s,1H),5.83(d,J=5.6,1H),5.74(d,J=7.6,1H),5.51(m,2H),5.19(d,J=11.2,2H),4.72(t,J=6.0,1H),4.54(br s,2H),3.85(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 279.2。元素分析C1 1
H1 2
N4
O4
S.0.2H2
O.0.25iPrOH理論值:C,44.81;H,4.61;N,17.79;S,10.18,實驗值:C,44.84;H,4.33;N,17.76;S,10.22。
製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(79)
步驟1:製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(78)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,在56%之產量下從1,2-二-O-乙醯基-5-O-苯甲醯基-3-去氧-3-(R)-氟-α,β-D-呋喃木糖(77)[根據Gosselin et al.Carbohydrate Research 1993,249,1-17之方法製備]製備標題化合物78之淡黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.16(s,1H),8.05(d,J=8.8,2H),7.57(t,J=7.6,1H),7.44(t,J=8.0,2H),6.29(ddd,J=21.2,4.8,1.2,1H),5.98(d,J=4.8,1H),5.32(ddd,J=52.0,4.0,1.2,1H),5.20(s,1H),4.83(dd,J=11.2,4.8,1H),4.61(m,1H),2.00(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 449.3。
步驟2:製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(79)
類似於實例23步驟2之方法,在56%之產量下製備標題化合物79之黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 8.36(s,1H),6.87(s,2H),5.97(d,J=4.8,1H),5.73(d,J=5.6,1H),5.22(dtd,J=24.4,5.6,2.0,1H),5.02(ddd,J=52.8,4.4,1.6,1H),4.07(m,2H),3.62(m,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 303.6。
製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-偶氮-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(83)
a)Tf2
O,py,CH2
Cl2
,-10℃,0.5小時b)NaN3
,py,DMF,室溫,5天c)Ac2
O,AcOH,H2
SO4
,室溫,24小時
步驟1:製備(3R)-3-疊氮基-3-去氧-1,2-O-異丙叉-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖(81)
將1,2-O-異丙叉-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖(69)[根據Johnston et al.Tetrahedron Lett.1995,36,4341-4344之方法製備](3.28克,7.58毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在CH2
Cl2
(75毫升)並冷卻至-10℃。將吡啶(0.86毫升,10.61毫莫耳)加入溶液,隨後緩慢加入三氟甲基磺酸酐(1.53毫升,9.10毫莫耳)。在-10℃攪拌1小時後,經由緩慢加入5% NaHCO3
(150毫升)將反應淬火,然後溫熱至室溫。將液層分離,並將水層用CH2
Cl2
(2 x 10毫升)進一步萃取。將有機層合併,經由MgSO4
乾燥,然後過濾並濃縮。將殘留物與甲苯(2 x 10毫升)共沸,然後在高真空下乾燥後得到三氟甲基磺酸鹽80。
將三氟甲基磺酸鹽80在環境溫度下溶解在DMF(100毫升)。將吡啶(0.92毫升,11.37毫莫耳)加入溶液,隨後加入疊氮化鈉(1.97克,30.32毫莫耳)。經5天後反應完成,將粗混合物濃縮。將殘留物溶解在EtOAc(60毫升),用飽和的NH4
Cl水溶液(40毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將混合物經由ISCO層析法(SiO2
,2-15% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到1.80克(52%2個步驟)81之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.44-7.47(m,6H),7.26-7.32(m,6H),7.24-7.25(m,3H),5.90(d,J=3.6,1H),4.77(t,J=4.4,1H),4.18-4.22(m,1H),3.66(q,J=6.0,1H),3.52(dd,J=10.4,3.2,1H),3.20(dd,J=10.8,4.0,1H),1.59(s,3H),1.40(s,3H)。
步驟2:製備(3R)-1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-疊氮基-3-去氧-α,β-D-呋喃核糖(82)
將(3R)-3-疊氮基-3-去氧-1,2-O-異丙叉-5-O-三苯甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖(81)(1.20克,2.62毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在AcOH(30毫升)。將醋酸酐(1.24毫升,13.10毫莫耳)逐滴加入溶液。將所得的混合物冷卻至0℃,隨後緩慢加入1M H2
SO4
(2.88毫升,2.88毫莫耳)。經24小時後反應完成,將粗混合物濃縮,然後與甲苯(2 x 10毫升)共沸。將殘留物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(30毫升),用飽和的NaHCO3
水溶液(20毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將混合物經由ISCO層析法(SiO2
,2-40% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到0.66克(83%)82之無色油:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ(α及β異構物之混合物)6.43(d,J=4.4),6.14(s),5.34(d,J=4.8),5.21(dd,J=7.6),4.20-4.37(m),4.04-4.10(m),2.10-2.20(m)。
步驟3:製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-偶氮-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(83)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,在85%之產量下製備288毫克標題化合物83之橙色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.17(s,1H),6.18(d,J=2.4,1H),5.95(dd,J=6.4,2.8,1H),5.14(s,2H),4.61(m,1H),4.24(dd,J=12.0,5.2,1H),4.17(m,2H),2.12(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 410.4。
a)Tf2
O,py,CH2
Cl2
,0℃,0.5小時,氯脒鹼,NaH,CH3
CN,室溫,50℃,12小時b)NaIO4
,OsO4
,CH3
OH/H2
O;NaBH4
,CH3
OH c)Zn-Cu,AcOH d)2M HCl,CH3
OH
製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-N’-[7-氯-2-酮基-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-乙烯基-環戊-1’-基)-2,3-二氫-硫代[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基]-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(83) 步驟1:製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-N’-[7-氯-2-酮基-3-(2’,3,-O-異丙叉-4’-乙烯基-環戊-1’-基)-2,3-二氫-硫代[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基]-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(85)
將(1R,2S,3R,4R)-2,3-O-異丙叉-4-乙烯基-環戊-1-醇(84)[根據Yang et al.J.Org.Chem.2004,69,3993-3996之方法製備](96毫克,0.52毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在CH2
Cl2
(2毫升)及吡啶(10毫升)。將溶液冷卻至0℃,隨後緩慢加入三氟甲基磺酸酐(115微升,0.68毫莫耳)。經0.5小時後,反應完成,用H2O(10毫升)將反應淬火,然後用CH2
Cl2
(10毫升)進一步稀釋。將液層分離後,將水層用CH2
Cl2
(2 x 10毫升)清洗。將有機部份合併,經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。所得的黃色油不再純化而直接用在下一個步驟。
將上述三氟甲基磺酸酯(131毫克,0.51毫莫耳)在環境溫度下懸浮在CH3
CN(10毫升)。將氫化鈉(15毫克,0.62毫莫耳)加入溶液,隨後加入N’-[7-氯-2-酮基-2,3-二氫-硫代[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基]-N,N-二甲基-甲脒](氯脒鹼,160毫克,0.62毫莫耳)在CH3
CN(8毫升)之溶液。將反應在50℃攪拌12小時後經由加入H2
O(5毫升)淬火。將所得的混合物用EtOAc(3 x 20毫升)萃取。將有機部份合併,經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。然後將混合物經由管柱層析法(SiO2
,2-20% EtOAc-己烷)純化,得到94.8毫克(43%)85之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 8.63(s,1H),5.92(m,1H),5.09-5.29(m,4H),4.55-4.61(m,1H),3.23(s,3H),3.21(s,3H),2.65-2.77(m,1H),2.42-2.51(m,1H),2.18-2.22(m,1H),1.56(s,3H),1.29(s,3H);[M+H]+
424.1。
步驟2:製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-7-氯-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1’-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(86)
經由先將(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-N’-[7-氯-2-酮基-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4,-乙烯基-環戊-1’-基)-2,3-二氫-硫代[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基]-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(85)在CH3
OH及H2
O中用過碘酸鈉及四氧化鋨處理,可以合成標題化合物86。將粗產物在CH3
OH中用硼氫化鈉處理後可以得到86。
步驟3:製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1’-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(87)
在不同情形下,經由先將(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-7-氯-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1,-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(86)在AcOH中用鋅銅偶合物處理,可以合成標題化合物87。
步驟4:製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-二氧基-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1’-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(88)
在不同情形下,經由將(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1’-基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(87)在CH3
OH中用2 M HCl處理,可以合成標題化合物88。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-甲氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(89)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-)甲氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(91)之製備如下: 步驟1:製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-甲氧基-5-O-三苯甲基-D-呋喃木糖(90)
將三苯甲醇69(5克,11.57毫莫耳)與甲基碘(2.5毫升,34.7毫莫耳)在THF(40毫升)中混合。加入碘化四丁銨(427毫克)並將混合物在冰浴中冷卻。在緩慢的氮氣流中,小量加入固體氫化鈉-油混合物(1.33克,60% NaH,34.7毫莫耳)。將反應攪拌過夜並緩慢溫熱至環境溫度。將反應小心倒入飽和的氯化銨及冰之混合物並用乙醚萃取三次。將乙醚部份合併,用鹽水清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑蒸發而得到90之渾濁油。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.42(m,6H),7.26(m,9H),5.85(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.54(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.38(m,1H),3.785(d,J=3.2 Hz,1H),3.42(m,1H),3.35(m,4H),1.53(s,3H),1.336(s,3H)。
步驟2:製備1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-甲氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(91)
將三苯甲基化合物90(6.1克,11.57毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸(20毫升)及乙酸酐(10毫升)之混合物並在冷水浴中冷卻。加入硫酸在乙酸酐及乙酸中之混合物(0.5毫升硫酸,2.5毫升乙酸,2.5毫升乙酸酐,添加前預先在冰浴中冷卻)並將混合物在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應倒入400克冰水中並用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將有機部份合併,用飽和的碳酸氫鈉清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並蒸發後得到半固體。將此在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(10-100%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化,得到91(1.26克,4.34毫莫耳,38%)成甙異構物之油性混合物。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.39(d,J=4.4 Hz),6.17(s),4.4-4.52(m),4.3-4.39(m),4.1-4.24(m),3.86(d,J=5.6 Hz),3.45(s),3.41(s),2.07-2.16(m)。
步驟3:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-甲氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(89)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-甲氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(91),得到43毫克(6%)89之白色固體:1
H NMR(DMSO-d6
)δ 2.01(d,J=9.2 Hz,6H),3.36(s,3H),4.17-4.24(m,2H),4.31-4.37(m,2H),5.86(d,J=6 Hz,1H),6.14(dd,J=4.4,1.6,1H),6.85(br s,2H),8.35(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 399.96。元素分析C1 5
H1 8
N4
O7
S.0.5H2
O理論值:C,44.22;H,4.70;N,13.75,實驗值:C,44.27;H,4.54;N,13.60。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-辛氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(92)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(S)-辛氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94)之製備如下:
a. NaH,THF,辛基溴b.H2
SO4
,AcOH-Ac2
O
步驟1:製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-辛氧基-5-O-三苯甲基-D-呋喃木糖(5)
將三苯甲醇69(5克,11.57毫莫耳)與辛基溴(3.99毫升,23.14毫莫耳)在THF(40毫升)中混合。加入碘化四丁銨(427毫克)並將混合物在冰浴中冷卻。在緩慢的氮氣流中,小量加入固體氫化鈉-油混合物(1.33克,60% NaH,34.7毫莫耳)。將反應攪拌過夜並緩慢溫熱至環境溫度。將反應小心倒入飽和的氯化銨及冰之混合物並用乙醚萃取三次。將乙醚部份合併,用鹽水清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑蒸發而得到渾濁油。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(1-30%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化此油,得到93之透明油(2.37克,4.72毫莫耳,41%)。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.42(m,6H),7.26(m,9H),5.85(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.343(m,1H),3.86(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),3.45(m,2H),3.32(m,2H),1.54(m,3H),1.41(m,2H),1.33(s,3H),1.22(m,10H),0.889(t,J=6.8 Hz,3H)。
步驟2:乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-辛氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94)
將三苯甲基化合物93(4.12克,7.57毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸(35毫升)及乙酸酐(15毫升)之混合物並在冷水浴中冷卻。加入硫酸在乙酸酐及乙酸中之混合物(0.5毫升硫酸,2毫升乙酸,2毫升乙酸酐,添加前預先在冰浴中冷卻)並將混合物在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應倒入400克冰水中並用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將有機部份合併,用飽和的碳酸氫鈉清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並蒸發後得到半固體。將此在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(5-60%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化,得到94(1.12克,2.88毫莫耳,38%)成甙異構物之油性混合物。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.39(d,J=3.6 Hz),6.1(s),5.19(m),4.46-4.52(m),4.31-4.43(m),4.11-4.25(m),3.93(m),3.45-3.68(m),3.4-3.46(m),2.07-2.1(m),1.540(m),1.27(m),0.882(t,J=6.8 Hz)。
步驟3:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-辛氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(92)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-辛氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94),得到80毫克(11%)92之絨毛狀白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 0.84-0.88(m,3H),1.23-1.30(m,10H),1.49-1.52(m,2H),2.00(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),3.41-3.44(m,1H),3.57-3.59(m,1H),4.16-4.21(m,1H),4.30-4.37(m,3H),5.87(d,J=5.6,1H),6.12(dd,J=4.4,1.2 Hz,1H),6.85(br s,2H),8.35(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 497.40。元素分析C2 2
H3 2
N4
O7
S理論值:C,53.21;H,6.50;N,11.28,實驗值:C,53.52;H,6.49;N,11.21。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(95)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(98)之製備如下:
a. NaH,THF,2-溴乙基甲基醚b.乙醯基溴,Ac2
O c.H2
SO4
,AcOH-Ac2
O
步驟1:1,2-O-異丙叉-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-5-O-三苯甲基-D-呋喃木糖(96)
將三苯甲醇69(5克,11.57毫莫耳)與2-溴乙基甲基醚(2.17毫升,23.14毫莫耳)在THF(40毫升)中混合。加入碘化四丁銨(427毫克)並將混合物在冰浴中冷卻。在緩慢的氮氣流中,小量加入固體氫化鈉-油混合物(1.33克,60% NaH,34.7毫莫耳)。將反應攪拌過夜並緩慢溫熱至環境溫度。將反應小心倒入飽和的氯化銨及冰之混合物並用乙醚萃取三次。將乙醚部份合併,用鹽水清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑蒸發而得到渾濁油。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(3-30%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化此油,醚產物96分離為濃稠油(4.54克,9.26毫莫耳,80%)。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.42(m,6H),7.26(m,9H),5.86(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.54(d,J=4 Hz,1H),4.37(m,1H),4.35(m,1H),3.95(d,J=2.8 Hz,1H),3.64-3.68(m,1H),3.47-3.52(m,2H),3.29-3.33(m,2H),3.24(s,3H),1.53(s,3H),1.326(s,3H)。
步驟2:1,2-異丙叉-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-5-O-乙醯基-D-呋喃木糖(97)
將三苯甲基醚96(5.5克,11.22毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸酐(30毫升)並加入乙醯基溴(2.0毫升,22.4毫莫耳)。經1小時後,將反應過濾並將過濾液蒸乾。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(10-100%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化,得到1.54克(5.31毫莫耳,47%)之乙酸酯97。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 5.925(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.58(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.38(m,2H),4.23(m,1H),3.92(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),3.72(m,1H),3.60(m,1H),3.50(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),1.49(s,3H),1.32(s,3H)。
步驟3:乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(98)
將乙酸酯97(1.71克,5.89毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸酐及乙酸(1:4,30毫升)之混合物並在冰浴中冷卻。加入硫酸在乙酸中之混合物(125微升硫酸在1.0毫升乙酸酐)並將混合物保持在-10℃過夜。將冷溶液倒入80克冰中,放置20分鐘並用乙酸乙酯萃取三次。將有機部份合併,用鹽水清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑去除後得到1.94克粗產物。將此粗產物在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(10-75%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化,得到760毫克(2.27毫莫耳,38%)98之成甙異構物之混合物。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.40(d,J=4.4 Hz),6.10(s),5.21(m),4.47-4.54(m),4.33-4.45(m),4.16-4.27(m),4.03(m),3.72-3.85(m),3.6-3.7(m),3.48-3.54(m),3.35-3.48(m),2.06-2.11(m)。
步驟4:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(95)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(98),得到220毫克(42%)95之絨毛狀白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 2.04(d,J=8.4 Hz,6H),3.29(s,3H),3.49-3.52(m,2H),3.58-3.63(m,1H),3.76-3.81(m,1H),4.19-4.24(m,1H),4.36-4.43(m,3H),5.88(d,J=6 Hz,1H),6.18(dd,J=3.6,2 Hz,1H),6.87(br s,2H),8.38(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 443.31。元素分析C1 7
H2 2
N4
O8
S.0.1H2
O.0.2EtOAc理論值:C,46.29;H,5.19;N,12.13,實驗值:C,46.09;H,5.25;N,11.72。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-丁氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(99)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-丁氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(101)之製備如下:
a. NaH,THF,正丁基碘b.H2
SO4
,AcOH-Ac2
O
步驟1:製備1,2-O-異丙叉-3-丁氧基-5-O-三苯甲基-D-呋喃木糖(100)
將三苯甲醇69(5克,11.57毫莫耳)與正丁基碘(2.6毫升,23.14毫莫耳)在THF(40毫升)中混合。加入碘化四丁銨(427毫克)並將混合物在冰浴中冷卻。在緩慢的氮氣流中,小量加入固體氫化鈉-油混合物(1.33克,60% NaH,34.7毫莫耳)。將反應攪拌過夜並緩慢溫熱至環境溫度。將反應小心倒入飽和的氯化銨及冰之混合物並用乙醚萃取三次。將乙醚部份合併,用鹽水清洗,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑蒸發而得到渾濁油。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(1-30%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化此油,得到100之透明油(2.32克,4.75毫莫耳,41%)。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 7.42(m,6H),7.26(m,9H),5.86(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.51(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),4.35(m,1H),3.86(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),3.46(m,2H),3.29(m,2H),1.54(m,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.33(s,3H),1.23(m,2H),0.83(t,J=7.6 Hz,3H)。
步驟2:乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-丁氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94)
將三苯甲基化合物100(2.32克,4.75毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸中的5%乙酸酐(50毫升),在冷水浴中冷卻並加入0.02毫升硫酸並將混合物在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應混合物倒入150克冰水中並用二氯甲烷萃取三次。將有機部份乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並與甲苯蒸發後得到半固體。將此在50克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(5-75%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化,得到101(0.760克,2.29毫莫耳,48%)成甙異構物之油性混合物。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.38(d,J=3.6 Hz),6.11(s),5.2(m),4.50(m),4.31-4.42(m),4.13-4.25(m),3.93(d,J=3.6 Hz),3.5-3.7(m),3.4-3.47(m),2.06-2.15(m),1.51-1.55(m),1.3-1.4(m),0.89-0.94(m)。
步驟3:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-丁氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(99)
類似於實例23步驟2之方法,102得到5毫克(15%)99之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 0.84(t,J=7.2 Hz,3H),1.27-1.32(m,2H),1.51-1.54(m,2H),3.20(t,J=9.2 Hz,1H),3.35(t,J=10.8 Hz,1H),3.72-3.84(m,3H),3.97-4.01(m,1H),4.74(t,J=9.2 Hz,1H),5.17(br s,2H),5.38(d,J=9.2 Hz,1H),7.96(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 356.80。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(103)
所需的糖,1,2,3,5-四-O-乙醯基-3(S)-甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(105)之製備如下:
a. i.AC2
O,吡啶,ii. H2
SO4
,Ac2
O-AcOH
步驟1:1,2,3,5-四-O-乙醯基-3-甲基D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(105)
將二醇104[根據Lu and Just;Tetrahedron Letters 41(2000)9223-9227](1.69克,8.28毫莫耳)溶解在二氯甲烷(25毫升)並加入吡啶(4.7毫升)。加入醋酸酐(3.9毫升,41毫莫耳)及DMAP(50毫克)並將此混合物在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應用二氯甲烷稀釋並用飽和的氯化銨清洗。將水層用二氯甲烷萃取兩次,將有機部份合併,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並蒸發後得到無色油。將油溶解在醋酸中的5%醋酸酐(68毫升)並加入硫酸(0.02毫升)並在在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應倒入150克冰中,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,將有機部份合併,用飽和的碳酸鈉清洗二次,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並蒸發後得到2.84克油。120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(5-75%)梯度洗提,經由快速層析法純化此油,得到1.2克(3.61毫莫耳,44%)105之透明油,其光譜與成甙異構物之混合物吻合。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.41(d,J=4.8Hz),6.03(d,J=1.2 Hz),5.75(d,J=0.8 Hz),5.49(d,J=5.2 Hz),4.37-4.45(m),4.2-4.29(m),2.03-2.135(m),1.637(s),1.624(s)。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(103)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用1,2,3,5-四-O-乙醯基-3-甲基D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(105)得到170毫克(28%)103之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 1.57(s,3H),2.03(s,6H),2.07(s,3H),4.04(dd,J=8.0,2.8 Hz,1H),4.24(m,1H),4.41(dd,J=12.0,2.8 Hz,1H),5.73(d,J=4.8 Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=4.4 Hz,1H),6.89(br s,2H),8.36(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 441.08。元素分析C1 7
H2 0
N4
O8
S.0.3H2
O理論值:C,45.80;H,4.66;N,12.57,實驗值:C,45.84;H,4.50;N,12.47。
製備5-胺基-3-(5’-(1,2-二乙醯氧基-乙基)-2’,3’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃葡糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(106)
所需的糖,五-O-乙醯基呋喃葡糖(108)之製備如下: 步驟1:
五-O-乙醯基呋喃葡糖(108)
將1,2-O-異丙叉-α-D-呋喃葡糖(107)(5克,22.7毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸(180毫升)及乙酸酐(21.5毫升),在冰水浴中冷卻並加入硫酸(0.02毫升,98%)並將混合物在環境溫度下攪拌24小時。將混合物倒入500克冰中,加入水並用二氯甲烷萃取四次,將有機部份合併,用飽和的碳酸氫鈉清洗二次,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾後得到油性殘留物。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(20-100%)梯度洗提純化,得到5.33克(13.66毫莫耳,60%)18之油,其光譜與成甙異構物之混合物吻合。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.41(d,J=3.6 Hz),6.12(s),5.58(m),5.41(d,J=3.6 Hz),5.20-5.37(m),4.56-4.62(m),4.02-4.18(m),2.00-2.13(m)。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-(1,2-二乙醯氧基-乙基)-2’,3’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃葡糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(106)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用五-O-乙醯基呋喃葡糖(108)得到80毫克(9%)106之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 2.07(s,6H),2.09(s,6H),2.14(s,3H),4.03-4.07(m,1H),4.47(dd,J=6.4,2 Hz,1H),4.67(dd,J=12.4,2.0 Hz,1H),5.31(br s,2H),5.58-5.6(m,1H),5.68(m,1H),5.97(d,J=5.6 Hz,1H),6.10(dd,J=3.6,2 Hz,1H),8.16(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 499.40。元素分析C1 9
H2 2
N4
O1 0
S.0.1IPA理論值:C,45.95;H,4.56;N,11.11,實驗值:C,45.92;H,4.76;N,10.80。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(109)
所需的糖,四-O-乙醯基-3-乙醯氧基甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(113)之製備如下:
a. NaOH,二烷b.乙酸酐,吡啶c.H2
SO4
,Ac2
O-AcOH
步驟1:1,2-O-異丙叉-3(S)-(羥基-羥甲基)-D-呋喃木糖(111)
將環氧化物110[根據Lu and Just;Tetrahedron Letters 41(2000)9223-9227](1.68充,8.3毫莫耳)溶解在二烷(9毫升)並加入1.0 M NaOH(16.6毫升,16.6毫莫耳)並將反應在50℃加熱30分鐘。使反應冷卻至環境溫度,加入16.6毫升1.0 M HCl及100毫升無水乙醇,攪拌5分鐘並在真空蒸發混合物後得到固體。將固體懸浮在200毫升CH2
Cl2
,超音波處理後得到非常細的固體懸浮液。將其乾燥(MgSO4
),經由矽藻土過濾並蒸發後得到11之濃稠油(1.81克,8.22毫莫耳,99%)。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 5.94(d,J=3.6 Hz),4.4(d,J=4 Hz,2H),4.03(m,2H),3.83(d,J=11.6,1H),3.78(d,J=12 Hz,1H),2.66(bs,2H,OH),1.7(bs,1H,OH),1.52(s,3H),1.33(s,3H)。
步驟2:1,2-O-異丙叉-3-(乙醯氧基-甲基乙醯氧基)-5-O-乙醯基-D-呋喃木糖(112)
將三醇111(1.81克,8.22毫莫耳)溶解在吡啶(30毫升),加入乙酸酐(7.75毫升,82毫莫耳)及DMAP(50克)並將混合物攪拌72小時。在真空下將揮發物蒸發並使殘留物分配在二氯甲烷及飽和的氯化銨。將水層用二氯甲烷萃取兩次並將有機部份合併,乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並將溶劑蒸發後得到2.83克油。在120克矽膠管柱上用在己烷中的乙酸乙酯(10-80%)梯度洗提,使用快速層析法純化,得到1.82克(5.26毫莫耳,64%)112之透明油。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 5.92(d,J=3.6 Hz,1H),5.02(m,2H),4.51-4.58(m,2H),4.35(dd,J=8.4 Hz,J=2.8 Hz,1H),4.16-4.22(m,1H),2.10(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),1.53(s,3H),1.32(s,3H)。
步驟3:四-O-乙醯基-3-(乙醯氧基甲基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(113)
將三乙酸鹽112(1.74克,5.01毫莫耳)溶解在乙酸(45毫升),依序加入乙酸酐(2.37毫升,25毫莫耳)及在乙酸中的硫酸(0.5毫升之1.0 M溶液,0.5毫莫耳)並將此混合物在環境溫度下攪拌過夜。將反應用二氯甲烷(70毫升)稀釋並用水清洗。將水層用二氯甲烷萃取兩次,將有機部份合併,轉移至大燒杯並加入碳酸氫鈉。在其中加入固體碳酸氫鈉直到沒有觀察到氣泡。將有機層分離,用二氯甲烷萃取水層,將有機層合併並乾燥(MgSO4
),過濾並蒸發後得到油,用甲苯將其進一步乾燥後得到113之透明油(1.91克,3.89毫莫耳,97%),其NMR與成甙異構物之混合物吻合。1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 6.42(d,J=4.4 Hz),6.05(d,J=1.6 Hz),5.79(d,J=1.6 Hz),5.5(d,J=4.4 Hz),4.89-4.93(m),4.12-4.58(m),2.04-2.2(許多單峰)。
步驟4:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(109)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用四-O-乙醯基-3-(乙醯氧基甲基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(113)得到272毫克(37%)109之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 2.03(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),4.20(m,1H),4.44-4.57(m,3H),4.79(d,J=12.4 Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=5.6 Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=6 Hz,1H),6.87(br s,2H),8.37(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 499.12。元素分析C1 9
H2 2
N4
O1 0
S.0.1H2
O理論值:C,45.61;H,4.47;N,11.20,實驗值:C,45.93;H,4.44;N,10.83。
製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(114) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(114)
類似於實例23步驟1之方法,使用商業化供應的四-O-乙醯基呋喃木糖,得到110毫克(14%)114之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 2.08(s,3H),2.10(s,3H),2.18(s,3H),4.42-4.45(m,2H),4.52-4.56(m,1H),5.13(br s,2H),5.49(dd,J=3.6,2.4 Hz,1H),6.00(d,J=5.2 Hz,1H),6.22(dd,J=4,1.6 Hz,1H),8.15(s,1H),8.37(s,1H);MS(ESI)[(M+H)+
]m/z 426.93。元素分析C1 6
H1 8
N4
O8
S理論值:C,45.07;H,4.25;N,13.14,實驗值:C,44.86;H,4.17;N,13.05。
5-胺基-3-(3’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7(3H,6H)-二酮(117) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-O-乙醯基-2’,5’-二-O-苯甲醯基-3’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶--2,7(3H,6H)-二酮(116)
a. BSA,MeCN,室溫,1小時;+糖,TMSOTf,60℃,1小時,45%
將5-胺基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶(116毫克,0.631毫莫耳)、3’-C-甲基-呋喃核糖11(272毫克,0.598毫莫耳)[根據Giradet,et.Al.J.Med.Chem.2000,43,3704-3713之方法製備]、BSA(0.462毫升,1.89毫莫耳)及乙腈(5毫升)在環境溫度下激烈混合40分鐘。當得到均勻溶液時,在反應中加入TMSOTf(0.171毫升,210毫克)。然後將反應加熱至60℃。經1小時後,經由旋轉蒸發將溶劑去除。將所得的固體溶解在乙酸乙酯(10毫升)並用飽和的碳酸氫鈉(2 x 5毫升)萃取。將水層用乙酸乙酯(5毫升)逆萃取並將有機層合併。固體雜質立即從有機層沈澱,將其過濾並丟棄。將有機層濃縮並將所得的固體在乙醚(5毫升)中碾製,得到167毫克(45%)之褐色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 12.2(br s,1H),8.01(m,4H),7.83(m,2H),7.53(m,4H),7.28(br s,2H),6.4(m,1H),6.02(m,1H),4.82-4.67(m,2H),3.38(s,1H),2.10(s,3H),1.98(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 581。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7(3H,6H)-二酮(117)
b. K2
CO3
,MeOH,室溫,74%
將核甙三酯116(100毫克,0.172毫莫耳)溶解在甲醇(5毫升)並加入K2
CO3
(28.6毫克,0.207毫莫耳)。使反應進行16小時。用乙酸(24.8毫克,0.412毫莫耳)將反應中和。然後經由旋轉真空將溶劑去除並將固體進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),得到42毫克(74%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.20(s,1H),6.89(br s,2H),5.80(d,J=8.0,1H),5.36(d,J=6.0,1H),4.77(t,J=8.0,1H),4.62(s,1H),4.48(m,1H),3.75(m,1H),3.58-3.44(m,2H),1.19(s,3H);元素分析C1 4
H1 4
N4
O6
S.0.125H2
O.0.125HCO2
H理論值:C,39.33;H,4.34;N,16.43;S,9.40,實驗值:C,39.77;H,4.81;N,15.02;S,9.69;[M+H]+
m/z 331。
5-胺基-3-(2’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(120) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-苯甲醯基-2’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(119)
a. BSA,MeCN,80℃,2.5小時;+糖,SnCl4
,80℃,1.5小時,42%
在雜環4(268毫克,1.44毫莫耳)於無水MeCN(8毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入BSA(971微升,3.93毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物在80℃加熱2.5小時後加入2-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖118[根據Wolfe et al.J.Org.Chem.1997,62,1754-1759](760毫克,1.31毫莫耳)在MeCN(6毫升)之溶液。在此混合物中加入SnCl4
(276微升,2.35毫莫耳)並在80℃持續再攪拌1.5小時。用10% MeOH-CHCl3
之TLC分析顯示反應完成。使混合物冷卻至室溫,用EtOAc(150毫升)稀釋,並用鹽水-NaHCO3
之1:1混合物(100毫升)分配。將水層用EtOAc(50毫升)進一步萃取,並將合併的有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。將殘留物進行HPLC(SiO2
,0-4% MeOH-DCM),得到353毫克(42%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.3(br s,1H),7.93-8.08(br m,3H),7.85-7.87(m,2H),7.33-7.66(m,10H),6.97(br s,2H),6.64(s,1H),6.16-6.26(br m,1H),4.56-4.79(br m,3H),1.79(s,3H);M+
m/z 642。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(2’-C-甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(120)
b. NH3 ( g )
,MeOH,室溫,34%
將核甙三酯119(209毫克,0.325毫莫耳)及MeOH(10毫升)用NH3
(g)飽和在-30℃之混合物在密封試管內攪拌48小時。使混合物溫熱至室溫,減壓,濃縮後進行HPLC純化(MeCN-H2
O),冷凍乾燥後得到36毫克(34%)標題化合物之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.18(s,1H),6.92(br s,2H),5.95(s,1H),5.18-5.28(br m,1H),4.75(br s,1H),4.53(dd,J=11.3,5.46,1H),3.95(br s,1H),3.73-3.78(m,1H),3.29(br s,2H),1.04(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 331。
5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(122) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(121)
a. BSA,MeCN,室溫,1小時;+糖,TMSOTf,60℃,1小時,45%
在雜環6(4.60克,25.0毫莫耳)及去氧呋喃核糖11B(5.42克,20.8毫莫耳)於MeCN(83毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入BSA(15.3毫升,62.5毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物浸入40℃油浴經1.5小時,並逐滴加入TMSOTf(5.65毫升,31.2毫莫耳)。將濃稠反應混合物浸入80油浴並攪拌2.5小時後將其經由旋轉蒸發濃縮成殘留物並將其分配在EtOAc(300毫升)及pH 7緩衝液(100毫升)。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥並濃縮成殘留物,將其用EtOAc碾製後過濾,得到2.31克(29%)細白色固體。握綠意濃縮成殘留物,將其進行快速層析(SiO2
,0-6% MeOH-DCM),得到1.12克(14%)非常細之淡黃色固體,總共是43%產量之核甙121:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.23(s,1H),6.95(br s,2H),5.79(d,J=2.0,1H),5.59(d,J=7.2,1H),4.28-4.34(m,1H),4.22(dd,J=3.2,12.0,1H),3.99(dd,J=6.4,11.6,1H),2.56-2.65(m,1H),2.04(s,3H),1.98(s,3H),1.97-2.04(m,1H);M+
m/z 384.8;元素分析C1 4
H1 6
N4
O7
S.0.5H2
O理論值:C,42.74;H,4.36;N,14.24;S,8.15,實驗值:C,42.72;H,4.22;N,14.15;S,8.19。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(122)
b. K2
CO3
,MeOH,室溫,74%
在核甙二酯121(1.91克,4.97毫莫耳)於MeOH(50毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(820毫克,5.97毫莫耳)。將反應混合物攪拌18小時,然後0HOAc(0.68毫升,12毫莫耳)淬火,攪拌30分鐘,且最後經由旋轉蒸發濃縮。將殘留物與甲苯(3 x 50毫升)共沸,然後用水(250毫升)碾製。將固體物質過濾,用水(2 x 250毫升)清洗,空氣乾燥,用乙醚(250毫升)碾製,並過濾後得到1.17克(62%)核甙122之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.26(br s,1H),6.93(br s,1H),7.14(d,J=2.4,1H),5.39(d,J=4.4,1H),4.74-4.79(m,1H),4.65(t,J=5.6,1H),4.09-4.16(m,1H),3.41-3.43(m,2H),2.23-2.30(m,1H),1.78(ddd,J=2.4,6.4,8.4,1H),1.76-1.81(m,1H);[M+H]+
@m/z 301.5;元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O5
S.0.125H2
O理論值:C,37.20;H,4.53;N,17.36;S,9.93,實驗值:C,37.06;H,4.27;N,17.14;S,9.84。
5-胺基-3-(2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(130)
步驟1:製備5-N-乙醯基-胺基-3-(β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在伊撒脫(isatoribine)四乙酸酯123[CAS# 533897-42-6,根據Webber et al.美國專利6,924,271號製備](12.3克,25.4毫莫耳)於MeOH(180毫升)之懸浮液中加入濃NH4
OH(180毫升)。將所得的混合物攪拌1小時,然後將其濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,15-30% IPA-CHCl3
),得到2.50克(27%)乙醯胺124之白色固體:[M+H]+
m/z 359。
步驟2:製備5-N-乙醯基-胺基-3-(5’-O-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在三醇124(2.48克,6.93毫莫耳)於DMF(15毫升)之溶液中,在室溫下依序加入咪唑(943毫克,13.9毫莫耳)及TBSCl(1.04克,6.93毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌1小時,然後用EtOAc(300毫升)稀釋並用水(2 x 100毫升)及鹽水(100毫升)萃取,將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,濃縮並用乙醚碾製後得到2.18克(67%)矽氧烷125之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 12.16(br s,1H),11.81(br s,1H),5.81(d,J=4.77,1H),5.34(d,J=5.13,1H),5.03(d,J=5.50,1H),4.79(dd,J=10.3,5.13,1H),4.13(dd,J=10.5,5.5,1H),3.71-3.78(m,2H),3.40-3.64(m,1H),2.18(s,3H),0.84(s,9H),0.00(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 473。
步驟3:製備5-N-乙醯基-胺基-3-(5’-O-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基-2’,3’-硫代-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在二醇125(1.00克,2.12毫莫耳)於MeCM(50毫升)之溶液中,在室溫下加入TCDI(754毫克,4.23毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌18小時後濃縮,進行快速層析(SiO2
,40% EtOAc-CHCl3
),並用乙醚碾製後得到730毫克(67%)之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 12.18(br s,1H),11.75(br s,1H),6.21-6.24(m,2H),5.79(br s,1H),4.35(br s,1H),3.72(br d,J=6.6,2H),2.21(s,3H),0.84(s,9H),0.01(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 515。
步驟4:製備5-N-乙醯基-胺基-3-(5’-O-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基-2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在硫代碳酸酯126(712毫克,1.38毫莫耳)及Bu3
SnH(2.66毫升,10.0毫莫耳)於無水甲苯(140毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入AIBN(30毫克,0.18毫莫耳)。將混合物在130℃之油浴中浸漬15分鐘後取出,冷卻,濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,80-100% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到450毫克(71%)2’-去氧及3’-去氧配向異構物之混合物(2:1)(報導主要異構物):1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 12.12(br s,1H),11.82(br s,1H),6.26(t,J=7.0,1H),5.22(d,J=4.0,1H),4.31-4.34(m,1H),3.69-3.75(m,2H),3.57-3.62(m,1H),2.93-2.99(m,1H),2.18(s,3H),2.00-2.18(m,1H),0.84(s,9H),0.00(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 457。
步驟5:製備5-N-乙醯基-胺基-3-(2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在從步驟4(上述)之配向異構物(744毫克,1.60毫莫耳)於MeCN(30毫升)之懸浮液中,在室溫下加入48% HF水溶液(1.67毫升)。將反應混合物攪拌1小時後,將其濃縮成紫色殘留物,將其進行快速層析(SiO2
,1.5-15% MeOH-DCM),得到503毫克(92%)配向異構物之混合物,其經由HPLC(MeCN-H2O進一步純化,冷凍乾燥後得到169毫克(31%)核甙129之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 12.14(s,1H),11.85(s,1H),6.26(t,J=7.0,1H),4.30-4.32(m,1H),3.69-3.71(m,1H),3.38-3.53(m,4H),2.92-2.98(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),1.97-2.03(s,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 343。
步驟6:製備5-胺基-3-(2’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮
在乙醯胺129(169毫克,0.494毫莫耳)於MeOH(10毫升)之溶液中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(158毫克,1.14毫莫耳)。將所得的混合物攪拌18小時後用HOAc(137微升,2.40毫莫耳)淬火,濃縮並進行HPLC(MeCN-H2
O),冷凍乾燥後得到125毫克(84%)標題化合物130之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.16(s,1H),6.90(br s,1H),6.22(t,J=7.0,1H),4.27-4.31(m,1H),3.67-3.71(m,1H),3.52(dd,J=11.3,5.5,1H),3.40(dd,J=11.7,6.2,1H),2.86-2.93(m,1H),1.97(ddd,J=12.9,7.0,3.5,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 301。元素分析C1 0
H1 2
N4
O5
S.H2
O理論值:C,37.73;H,4.43;N,17.60;S,10.07,實驗值:C,38.13;H,4.27;N,17.40;S,9.89。
a)BSA,TMSOTf,CH3
CN,80℃,3-4小時b)K2
CO3
,DMF,室溫,過夜
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(132)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(131)
將1,2-二-O-乙醯基-5-O-苯甲醯基-3-去氧-3-甲叉-α,β-D-呋喃核糖(127)(132毫克,0.39毫莫耳)[根據Girardet et al.J.Med.Chem.2000,43,3704-3713之方法製備]在環境溫度下溶解在乙腈(5毫升)。加入5-胺基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(1)(73毫克,0.39毫莫耳),並將混合物攪拌0.5小時後加熱至40℃。在40℃經5分鐘後,加入BSA(0.29毫升,1.18毫莫耳)並將混合物再攪拌0.5小時。然後將混合物加熱至80℃。加入TMSOTf(0.107毫升,0.59毫莫耳)並將反應再80℃攪拌3-4小時。完成後,使反應冷卻至室溫,然後經由pH 7緩衝液(1.0 M K2
HPO4
及1.0 M NaH2
PO4
,2毫升)淬火。將混合物用CH2
Cl2
(3 x 10毫升)萃取。將合併的有機層用鹽水清洗,經由Na2
SO4
乾燥並在真空濃縮。將粗產物經由管柱層析法(SiO2
,0-10% MeOH-CH2
Cl2
)純化,得到23毫克(13%)131之淡黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 9.85(s,1H),8.03(d,J=8,2H),7.54(m,1H),7.417(t,J=8,2H),6.50(s,2H),6.07(d,J=4.8,1H),5.73(m,1H),5.37(d,J=32,2H),4.83(m,2H),4.46(m,1H),2.00(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 459.3。元素分析C2 0
H1 8
N4
O7
S.0.7EtOAc理論值:C,52.65;H,4.57;N,10.77;S,6.16,實驗值:C,53.59;H,4.57;N,10.83;S,6.17。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(132)
將5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-3’-甲叉-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮131(113毫克,0.25毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在甲醇(5毫升)。加入碳酸鉀(38毫克,0.27毫莫耳)並將混合物在室溫攪拌過夜。完成後,加入乙酸(34微升)並將混合物在室溫再攪拌30分鐘。將混合物濃縮,經由HPLC純化,然後經由EtOAc碾製,得到49毫克(64%)132之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.563(s,1H),6.82(s,2H),5.80(m,1H),5.62(m,1H),5.16(d,J=14.4,2H),4.51(m,1H),3.53(m,2H),1.89(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 313.07。
製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(134)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(133)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,使用商業化供應的四-O-乙醯基呋喃木糖,在20%產量下得到740毫克標題化合物133之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.32(s,1H),6.98(br s,2H),6.09(dd,J=8.6,2.3 Hz,1H),5.76(d,J=5.5 Hz,1H),5.38(dd,J=8.6,2.3 Hz,1H),4.14(m,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.16(m,1H),2.08(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.00(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 442.8。元素分析C1 6
H1 8
N4
O9
S.1.0H2
O理論值:C,41.74;H,4.38;N,12.17,實驗值:C,41.92;H,4.23;N,11.71。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’,5’-三-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(134)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在67%產量下得到43毫克標題化合物134之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.24(br s,1H),6.86(br s,2H),5.60(d,J=4.68 Hz,1H),5.57(d,J=4.68 Hz,1H),5.04(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),4.64(m,1H),4.41(m,1H),3.87(m,2H),3.54(m,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 316.9。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O5
S.1.3H2
O理論值:C,35.35;H,4.33;N,16.49,實驗值:C,35.73;H,4.21;N,16.15。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-辛氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(135)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3(S)-辛氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94)是根據實例31之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-辛氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(135)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在2%產量下從乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3(S)-辛氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(94)得到18.8毫克標題化合物135之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.21(s,1H),6.94(br s,2H),6.12(m,1H),5.74(d,J=6.2 Hz,1H),4.30(m,3H),4.16(m,1H),3.57(m,1H),3.41(m,1H),2.02(d,J=8.6 Hz,6H),1.50(m,2H),1.26(m,10H),0.86(m,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 512.9。元素分析C2 2
H3 2
N4
O8
S理論值:C,51.55;H,6.29;N,10.93,實驗值:C,51.47;H,6.37;N,10.77。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-甲氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(137)
所需的糖乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3(S)-甲氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(91)是根據實例30之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-甲氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(136)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在31%產量下從乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3(S)-甲氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(91)得到230毫克標題化合物136之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.21(s,1H),6.94(br s,2H),6.14(m,1H),5.74(d,J=6.2 Hz,1H),4.33(m,2H),4.18(m,2H),3.35(s,3H),3.30(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.01(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 414.8。元素分析C1 5
H1 8
N4
O8
S理論值:C,43.48;H,4.38;N,13.52,實驗值:C,43.12;H,4.36;N,13.17。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-甲氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(137)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在29%產量下得到43毫克標題化合物137之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.50(br s,1H),6.98(br s,2H),5.68(d,J=5.5 Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),5.10(m,1H),4.48(m,1H),4.08(m,1H),3.84(m,1H),3.57(m,2H),3.35(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 330.9。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O6
S.0.7H2
O.0.1iPrOH理論值:C,38.89;H,4.68;N,16.06,實驗值:C,38.78;H,4.30;N,15.84。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2’,5’-二-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(139)
所需的糖,乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(98)是根據實例32之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3,-(R)-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(138)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在21%產量下從乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(98)得到118毫克標題化合物138之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.23(s,1H),6.90(br s,2H),6.13(m,1H),5.74(d,J=6.24 Hz,1H),4.33(m,3H),4.17(m,1H),3.73(m,1H),3.57(m,1H),3.46(m,2H),3.25(s,3H),2.03(s,3H),2.01(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 459.3。元素分析C1 7
H2 2
N4
O9
S.0.3H2
O.0.5EtOAc理論值:C,44.93;H,5.28;N,11.03,實驗值:C,44.93;H,5.01;N,11.14。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-(2-甲氧基-乙氧基)-2’,5’-二-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(139)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在36%產量下得到43毫克標題化合物139之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.44(br s,1H),6.97(br s,2H),5.67(d,J=5.46 Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),5.10(m,1H),4.39(m,1H),4.08(m,1H),3.98(m,1H),3.71(m,1H),3.59(m,3H),3.45(m,2H),3.27(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 374.9。元素分析C1 3
H1 8
N4
O7
S.1.0H2
O.0.25EtOAc理論值:C,45.57;H,5.35;N,13.52,實驗值:C,40.81;H,4.96;N,13.40。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(S)-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(141)
所需的糖,乙酸1,2,3,5-四-O-乙醯基-3-(S)-甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(105)是根據實例34之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(S)-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(140)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在15%產量下從乙酸1,2,3,5-四-O-乙醯基-3-(S)-甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(105)得到110毫克標題化合物140之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.27(br s,1H),6.98(br s,2H),6.25(d,J=4.68 Hz,1H),5.77(d,J=4.68 Hz,1H),4.40(dd,J=9.4,3.1 Hz,1H),4.22(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=4.7,3.1 Hz,1H),2.08(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),1.56(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 456.8。元素分析C1 7
H2 0
N4
O9
S.0.5H2
O.0.2iPrOH理論值:C,44.27;H,4.77;N,11.73,實驗值:C,44.45;H,4.55;N,11.62。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(S)-甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-羥基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(141)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在54%產量下得到31毫克標題化合物141之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.36(br s,1H),6.94(br s,2H),5.70(d,J=5.46 Hz,1H),5.58(d,J=4.7 Hz,1H),5.09(br s,1H),4.48(m,2H),3.59(m,3H),1.17(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 330.9。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O6
S.1.1H2
O理論值:C,37.73;H,4.66;N,16.00,實驗值:C,37.66;H,4.22;N,15.60。
製備5-胺基-3-(5’-(1,2-二乙醯氧基-乙基)-2’,3’-二-羥基-β-D-呋喃葡糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(143)
所需的糖,五-O-乙醯基呋喃葡糖(108)是根據實例35之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-(1,2-二乙醯氧基-乙基)-2’,3’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃葡糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(142)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在10%產量下從五-O-乙醯基呋喃葡糖(108)得到100毫克標題化合物142之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 5.91(m,1H),5.81(br s,2H),5.73(d,J=6.2 Hz,1H),5.51(m,1H),5.41(m,1H),4.55(dd,J=12.5,2.3 Hz,1H),4.29(t,J=7.02 Hz,1H),3.90(m,1H),1.96(s,3H),1.93(s,3H),1.90(s,3H),1.55(br s,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 515.3。元素分析C1 9
H2 2
N4
O1 1
S.0.15MeOH理論值:C,44.29;H,4.39;N,10.79,實驗值:C,44.69;H,4.44;N,10.41。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-(1,2-二乙醯氧基-乙基)-2’,3’-二-羥基-β-D-呋喃葡糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(143)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在83%產量下得到45毫克標題化合物143之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.34(br s,1H),6.96(br s,2H),5.72(d,J=4.7 Hz,1H),5.63(d,J=3.12 Hz,1H),5.11(d,J=9.4 Hz,1H),4.56(m,2H),4.39(t,J=5.46 Hz,1H),3.96(m,1H),3.74(m,2H),3.51(m,1H),3.36(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 346.9。元素分析C1 1
H1 4
N4
O7
S.1.0H2
O理論值:C,36.26;H,4.43;N,15.38實驗值:C,36.20;H,4.37;N,15.01。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(S)-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(144)
所需的糖,四-O-乙醯基-3-乙醯氧基甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(113)是根據實例36之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(S)-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’,5’-三-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(144)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在13%產量下從四-O-乙醯基-3-乙醯氧基甲基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(113)得到80毫克標題化合物144之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 11.23(s,1H),6.93(br s,2H),6.37(d,J=5.46 Hz,1H),5.69(d,J=5.46 Hz,1H),4.77(d,J=11.7 Hz,1H),4.52(m,3H),4.39(dd,J=7.8,1.6 Hz,1H),4.17(dd,J=7.8,3.9 Hz,1H),2.08(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.03(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 514.8。元素分析C1 9
H2 2
N4
O1 1
S理論值:C,44.36;H,4.31;N,10.89,實驗值:C,44.16;H,4.37;N,10.69。
製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-丁氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(146)
所需的糖,乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-丁氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(101)是根據實例33之說明製備。
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-丁氧基-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(145)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,從乙酸1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-丁氧基-D-呋喃木糖α及β混合物(101)得到標題化合物145且不再純化而進行步驟2。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(3’-(R)-丁氧基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2-酮(146)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在16%產量下得到5.3毫克標題化合物146之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.22(br s,1H),6.92(br s,2H),5.64(d,J=5.46 Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=7.8 Hz,1H),5.08(m,1H),4.39(t,J=6.24 Hz,1H),4.07(m,1H),3.92(t,J=7.02 Hz,1H),3.57(m,3H),3.42(m,1H),1.48(m,2H),1.33(m,2H),0.88(t,J=7.02 Hz,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 372.9。元素分析C1 4
H2 0
N4
O6
S.1.0H2
O.0.4MeOH理論值:C,42.89;H,5.90;N,13.89實驗值:C,43.18;H,5.68;N,13.65。
製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(148)
步驟1:製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,5’-二-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(147)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,從(3’S)-3-O-乙醯氧基甲基-1,2,5-三-O-乙醯基-3-去氧-α,β-D-呋喃核糖[根據Cooperwood et al.Nucleosides,Nucleotides,and Nucleic Acids 2000,19,219-236之方法製備,其中製相同化合物之對掌異構物],在49%產量下得到224毫克標題化合物147之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.27(s,1H),7.00(s,2H),5.77(m,1H),4.35(dd,J=11.7,2.3 Hz,1H),4.26(m,1H),4.15(m,2H),4.07(m,3H),2.013(s,9H);[M+H]+
m/z 457.3。
步驟2:製備(3’S)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(148)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在58%產量下得到34毫克標題化合物148之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,D2
O)δ 5.99(m,1H),5.13(m,1H),4.17(m,1H),3.90(m,2H),3.76(m,2H),2.93(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 331.2。元素分析C1 4
H1 4
N4
O6
S理論值:C,35.20;H,5.10;N,14.93;S,8.54實驗值:C,35.17;H,4.35;N,14.73;S,8.46。
製備5-胺基-3-(5’-去氧-5’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(150)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-O-乙醯氧基甲基-2’,3’-二-O-乙醯基-5’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(149)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,從5-O-乙醯氧基甲基-1,2,3-三-O-乙醯基-5-去氧-α,β-D-呋喃核糖[根據Pakulski et al.Polish J.Chem.1995,69,912-917之方法製備],在34%產量下得到96毫克標題化合物149之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 11.92(s,1H),6.15(d,J=6.4,1H),5.94(s,2H),5.71(m,1H),4.91(m,1H),4.40(m,1H),4.16(m,2H),2.09(s,9H),2.00(m,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 457.0;元素分析C1 7
H2 0
N4
O9
S.0.25H2
O理論值:C,44.30;H,4.48;N,12.16;S,6.96實驗值:C,44.79;H,4.62;N,11.55;S,6.59。
步驟2:製備5-胺基-3-(5’-去氧-5’-羥甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(150)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在56%產量下得到28毫克標題化合物150之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.23(s,1H),6.94(s,2H),5.74(m,1H),5.22(m,1H),4.87(m,1H),4.40(m,1H),4.00(m,2H),3.44(s,3H),1.72(m,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 330.9。
製備5-胺基-3-[3’-去氧-3’-O-對甲苯磺醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(151)
步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-[3’-去氧-3’-O-對甲苯磺醯基-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(151)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,在12%產量下得到24.6毫克標題化合物151之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 11.89(s,1H),7.84(d,J=8.4,2H),7.40(d,J=8.4,2H),6.22(d,J=4.4,1H),5.92(br s,2H),5.75(d,J=4.8,1H),4.95(d,J=4.8,1H),4.30(m,1H),4.25(d,J=6,2H),2.48(s,3H),2.05(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 555.3。
製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(153)
步驟1:製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-5’-O-苯甲醯基-3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(152)
類似於實例42步驟1之方法,從1,2-二-O-乙醯基-5-O-苯甲醯基-3-去氧-3-(R)-氟-α,β-D-呋喃木糖[根據Gosselin et al.Carbohydrate Research 1993,249,1-17之方法製備],在24%產量下得到149毫克標題化合物152之黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3
)δ 11.57(s,1H),8.04(d,J=6.8,2H),7.56(t,J=7.6,1H),7.43(t,J=7.6,2H),6.35(dd,J=22.4,4.8,1H),5.92(s,2H),5.32(dd,J=51.6,4.8,1H),5.20(s,1H),4.79(dd,J=11.2,4,1H),4.59(m,2H),4.5(m,1H),2.06(s,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 465.3。
步驟2:製備(3’R)-5-胺基-3-(3’-去氧-3’-氟-β-D-呋喃木糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(153)
類似於實例42步驟2之方法,在45%產量下得到14.3毫克標題化合物153之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,d6
-DMSO)δ 11.41(s,1H),6.97(s,2H),5.77(m,1H),5.19(m,1H),4.98(m,1H),4.01(m,1H),3.60(m,2H),2.09(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 318.9;元素分析C1 0
H1 1
FN4
O5
S.0.4EA.2H2
O理論值:C,35.76;H,4.71;N,14.3實驗值:C,35.71;H,3.68;N,14.15。
製備3-烯丙基-5-胺基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(154) 步驟1:製備3-烯丙基-5-胺基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(154)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在35%產量下得到178毫克標題化合物154之淡白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 10.26(s,1H),6.09(s,2H),5.06-5.01(m,1H),4.32(dd,J=10.3,1.5,1H),4.196(dd,J=16.9,1.5,1H),3.55(d,J=4.4,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 225.1。
製備5-胺基-3-吡啶-3-基甲基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(155) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-吡啶-3-基甲基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(155)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在24%產量下得到143毫克標題化合物155之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 10.33(s,1H),7.76(d,J=2.2,1H),7.68(dd,J=2.2,1.5,1H),6.88(m,1H),6.55(s,2H),6.15(s,2H),4.17(s,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 276.1。
製備5-胺基-3-(4-氯-丁-2-烯基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(156) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-(4-氯-丁-2-烯基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(156)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在63%產量下得到440毫克標題化合物156之淡黃色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 10.33(s,1H),6.90(s,2H),5.82-5.74(m,1H),5.65-5.59(m,1H),4.45(d,J=7.0,2H),4.39(d,J=7.8,2H);[M+H]+
m/z 273.1。
製備5-胺基-3-己基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(157) 步驟1:製備5-胺基-3-己基-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(157)
類似於實例15步驟1之方法,在35%產量下得到154毫克標題化合物157之灰色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.03(s,1H),6.88(s,2H),3.74(t,J=6.8,2H),1.61(m,4H),1.26(m,4H),0.85(t,J=6.8,3H);[M+H]+
m/z 269.31。
a)Tf2
O,py,CH2
Cl2
,0℃,0.5小時:氯脒鹼,NaH,CH3
CN,室溫,50℃,12小時b)NaIO4
,OsO4
,CH3
OH/H2
O,0℃,1小時-室溫,2小時;NaBH4
,CH3
OH,室溫,1小時;2 M HCl,CH3
OH,迴流,5小時
製備(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-二氧基-4’-羥甲基-環戊-1’-基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(158)
將(1’R,2’S,3’R,4’R)-N’-[7-氯-2-酮基-3-(2’,3’-O-異丙叉-4’-乙烯基-環戊-1’-基)-2,3-二氫-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-5-基]-N,N-二甲基-甲脒(85)(85毫克,0.20毫莫耳)在環境溫度下溶解在CH3
OH(3.0毫升)及H2
O(1.5毫升)。將溶液冷卻至0℃。然後將過碘酸鈉(90毫克,0.42毫莫耳)及四氧化鋨(2毫克,觸媒)添加至溶液。將反應在0℃攪拌1小時並在室溫攪拌2小時後過濾並濃縮。將所得的混合物溶解在CH2
Cl2
(10毫升),然後用H2
O(2 x 10毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。
將上述產物在環境溫度下溶解在CH3
OH(3毫升)。然後將硼氫化鈉(12毫克,0.32毫莫耳)加入溶液。將反應攪拌1小時,然後濃縮。將所得的混合物溶解在CH2
Cl2
,並用H2
O(2 x 10毫升)清洗。將有機層經由MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。
將上述產物在環境溫度下溶解在CH3
OH(1毫升)及2 MHCl(5毫升)。將反應在迴流下攪拌5小時,然後濃縮。將所得的混合物經由逆相HPLC純化,得到9.1毫克(13%)158之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,CD3
OD)δ 4.95(m,1H),4.69(dd,J=7.2,5.6,1H),4.03(t,J=5.2,1H),3.71(dd,J=11.2,6.4,1H),3.60(dd,J=11.2,6.4,1H),3.35(s,1H),1.93-2.14(m,3H)。
5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(160)
a. Candida Arctica,丙酮,pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液,97%
製備5-胺基-3-(2’-O-乙醯基-3’-去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(160)
在核甙二乙酸酯121(200.0毫克,0.52毫莫耳)在丙酮(5.0毫升)、pH 7磷酸鹽緩衝液(2.5毫升)及H2
O(22.5毫升)之懸浮液中,加入Candida Arctica固定化的丙烯酸樹脂(0.10克)。混合物在加入酵素後於5分鐘內褪色。將反應在室溫下攪拌16小時。加入矽藻土(1.0克),攪拌10分鐘後,將混合物經由矽藻土墊過濾。將濾餅用丙酮(3 x 10毫升)清洗,並在減壓下將丙酮去除。然後將殘留的水層用固體NaCl重度鹽化。加入乙酸乙酯,將兩相混合物激烈攪拌30分鐘後分離。將有機層經由Na2
SO4
乾燥,傾析,濃縮,並經由快速層析法(SiO2
,50-100% EtOAc-己烷+2% MeOH)純化。得到155.0毫克單乙酸酯160(97%):1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.20(s,1H),6.94(br s,2H),5.79(d,J=2.4,1H),5.63(d,J=8.0,1H),4.76(t,J=6.0,1H),4.11(dt,J=5.2,10.4,1H),3.43-3.52(m,2H),2.44-2.5(m,1H),2.05(s,3H),1.95(dd,J=6.0,13.6,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 342;元素分析C1 2
H1 4
N4
O6
S.0.5H2
O理論值:C,42.10;H,4.12;N,16.37;S,9.37實驗值:C,42.30;H,4.26;N,16.37;S,9.23。
5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-二去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(165)
步驟1)製備5-N-乙醯基胺基-3-(5’-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基-2’-去氧-2’-O-硫羰基咪唑-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(161)
在醇類127及128(247毫克,0.541毫莫耳)於MeCN(8毫升)之混合物中,在室溫下加入TCDI(193毫克,1.08毫莫耳)。將反應混合物攪拌18小時後,將其濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,EtOAc),得到150毫克(49%)硫胺基甲酸酯161及162混合物之固體物質:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 12.18(br s,1H),11.72(br s,1H),8.54(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.10(s,1H),6.36(m,1H),6.04(s,1H),4.38-4.43(m,1H),3.68-3.80(m,2H),2.63-2.69(br m,1H),2.36-2.41(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),0.84(s,9H),0.00(s,6H);[M+H]+
m/z 567。
步驟2)製備5-N-乙醯基胺基-3-(5’-第三丁基二甲基矽烷基-2’,3’-二去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(163)
在硫胺基甲酸酯161及162(57毫克,0.10毫莫耳)及Bu3SnH(187微升,0.705毫莫耳)於PhMe(10毫升)之混合物中,在室溫下加入AIBN(1.6毫克,0.010毫莫耳)。將反應混合物浸入130℃油浴,攪拌20分鐘,濃縮後進行快速層析(SiO2
,60-80% EtOAc-CHCl3
),得到28毫克(64%)化合物163之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 12.13(br s,1H),11.80(br s,1H),6.11(dd,J=8.4,3.7,1H),3.95-4.02(m,1H),3.64(d,J=5.1,2H),2.54-2.59(m,1H),2.23-2.33(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.04-2.13(m,1H),1.94-1.97(m,1H),0.82(s,9H),-0.01(6H);[M+H]+
m/z 441。
步驟3)製備5-N-乙醯基胺基-3-(2’,3’-二去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(164)
將矽氧烷163(84毫克,0.19毫莫耳)在2 M HF-MeCN(20毫升)之溶液攪拌10分鐘,然後濃縮並進行快速層析(SiO2
,5-10% MeOH-CHCl3
),得到10毫克(16%)醇164之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 12.15(br s,1H),11.78(br s,1H),6.10(dd,J=8.4,4.0,1H),4.66(t,J=5.9,1H),3.91-3.97(m,1H),3.46(t,J=5.9,2H),2.51-2.58(m,1H),2.21-2.32(m,1H),2.19(s,3H),2.01-2.18(m,1H),1.89-1.97(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 327。
步驟4)製備5-胺基-3-(2’,3’-二去氧-β-D-呋喃核糖基)-3H,6H-噻唑并[4,5-d]嘧啶-2,7-二酮(165)
在乙醯胺164(19毫克,0.058毫莫耳)於MeOH(3毫升)之溶液中,在室溫下加入K2
CO3
(64毫克,0.46毫莫耳)。將反應混合物攪拌18小時後用HOAc(53微升)淬火,濃縮並用MeOH-H2O碾製,捯到6毫克(36%)標題化合物165之白色固體:1
H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6
)δ 11.15(s,1H),6.85(br s,2H),6.07(dd,J=8.4,4.4,1H),4.63(t,J=5.9,1H),3.89-3.95(m,1H),3.46(t,J=5.5,2H),2.44-2.48(m,1H),2.17-2.27(m,1H),2.01-2.11(m,1H),1.86-1.93(m,1H);[M+H]+
m/z 285。
根據本發明可以使用多種測試法以便測量本發明化合物之抗病毒活性例如細胞培養、動物模式及用藥至人類患者。本文揭示之測試法可以用於測試長時間的病毒生長以測試在本發明化合物存在下之病毒生長特徵。
在另一個具體實施例中,將病毒及本發明化合物用藥至容易感染病毒之動物受試驗者。發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率等,可以和當單獨用藥病毒(沒有本發明之化合物)的受試驗者觀察到之發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率比較。本發明化合物之抗病毒活性可以經由在本發明化合物存在下之降低發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率等證明。在一個特定的具體實施例中,病毒及本發明化合物是同時用藥至動物受試驗者。在另一個特定的具體實施例中,病毒是在本發明化合物之前用藥至動物受試驗者。在另一個特定的具體實施例中,本發明化合物是在病毒之前用藥至動物受試驗者。
在另一個具體實施例中,可以在有或無本發明化合物存在下,在感染後的多個時間點從人類或動物受試驗者採集生物體液/臨床樣本(例如鼻吸出物、喉嚨拭片、唾液、支氣管-肺泡灌洗液、尿、涎、血液或血清)測試病毒之生長速率。在一個特定的具體實施例中,是在細胞培養液生長、在穿透性生長介質中生長、或在受試驗者生長後,使用此項技藝中已知的任何方法,例如但不限於免疫測試法(例如ELISA,關於ELISA之討論見例如Ausubel et al.,eds,1994,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Vol.I,John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York at 11.2.1)、免疫螢光染色法或使用免疫專一性辨識受測病毒的抗體或偵測病毒專一性的核酸之免疫斑痕分析(例如經由Southern blot或RT-PCR分析等),經由評定樣本中存在的病毒而測試病毒之生長速率。
在一個特定的具體實施例中,經由從感染的細胞或感染的受試驗者得到生物流體/臨床樣本後,製備一系列稀釋的樣本並使單層容易感染病毒的細胞(例如原發性細胞、轉化的細胞系、病人組織樣本等)在可以出現單個菌班之稀釋病毒下感染,可以測試病毒效價。然後可以計數菌班且病毒效價表示為每毫升樣本之之菌班形成單元。
在一個特定的具體實施例中,病毒在受試驗者中的生長速率可以經由在受試驗者中,抗體對病毒之效價估算。抗體血清效價可以經由此項技藝中熟知的任何方法測定,例如但不限於在血清樣本中的抗體或抗體段片的量可以例如經由ELISA定量。此外,式I化合物之活體內活性可以經由直接將化合物用藥至測試動物,收集生物體液(例如鼻吸出物、喉嚨拭片、唾液、支氣管-肺泡灌洗液、尿、涎、血液或血清)並測試體液之抗病毒活性而測定。
在測試病毒量之樣本是生物體液/臨床樣本(例如鼻吸出物、喉嚨拭片、唾液、支氣管-肺泡灌洗液、尿、涎、血液或血清)之具體實施例中,樣本可能有或沒有含完好的細胞。從受試驗者含完整細胞之樣本可以直接處理,而沒有完整細胞之分離物可以或不可以先培養在允許的細胞系(例如原發性細胞、轉化的細胞系、病人組織樣本等)或生長介質(例如LB微生物液體培養基/瓊脂、YT微生物液體培養基/瓊脂、血液瓊脂等)。在室溫下經由在例如300xg離心5分鐘,隨後在相同情形下經由PBS、pH 7.4(不含Ca+ +
及Mg+ +
)清洗,可以使懸浮液澄清。細胞丸粒可以再度懸浮在少量體積之PBS供分析。含完整細胞之原發性臨床分離物可以與PBS混合並在室溫下在300xg離心5分鐘。用無菌移液管末端從界面移除黏液並在相同情形下用PBS再次清洗細胞丸粒。然後將丸粒再度懸浮在少量體積之PBS供分析。
在另一個具體實施例中,本發明化合物是用藥至感染病毒之人類受試驗者。發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率等,可以和沒有本發明化合物或存在安慰劑的受試驗者觀察到之發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率比較。本發明化合物之抗病毒活性可以經由在本發明化合物存在下之降低發生率、嚴重性、長度、病毒負載、感染之致死率等證明。此項技藝中的任何已知方法可以在受試驗者中用於測定抗病毒活性,例如先前之敘述。
此外,式I前藥之活體內活性可以經由將化合物直接用藥至動物或人類受試驗者,收集生物體液/臨床樣本(例如鼻吸出物、喉嚨拭片、唾液、支氣管-肺泡灌洗液、尿、涎、血液或血清)並測試生物體液/臨床樣本之抗病毒活性(例如經由添加細胞至存在病毒之培養液中)而測定。
本發明之式I前藥如果要作為有效的前藥,必須在體內代謝成式II化合物及本發明之其他化合物。肝細胞通常用於評定化合物可以在動物體內轉化之程度,且已知此轉化可以隨著不同物種之肝細胞在反應整個動物的代謝之方式下變化。見Seddon T.et al.,Biochem Pharmacol.,38(10),1657-65(1989)。
在新鮮獼猴肝細胞存在下進行評定式I化合物14、15、13、114、30、103、67、65及76的代謝安定性之研究並監視6-氧代謝物之形成,也就是式II化合物及本發明其他化合物。也評定費西洛(famciclovir)之代謝安定性用於比較。
新鮮的獼猴肝細胞懸浮液(Lot#:Cy141)是購自CellzDirect(Tucson,AZ)。肝細胞培養介質(不含血清,無菌)是購自In Vitro Technologies(Baltimore,MD)。
獼猴肝細胞懸浮液是購自濃度是1.25百萬個細胞/毫升在肝細胞培養介質中的獼猴肝細胞。最終培養濃度(添加測試物後)是1.0百萬個細胞/毫升。
使用在DMSO中的現有100毫莫耳濃度儲備液。測試物之濃度是使用紫外光-可見光微培養皿讀取機測定。使用新鮮製備的122之DMSO儲備液測定校正係數。
在可以移動的96-槽試管中製備反應懸浮液,各含320微升密度是每毫升1.25百萬個細胞之新鮮獼猴肝細胞懸浮液及40微升肝細胞培養介質。在37℃、95%溼度及5% CO2
下,將上述混合物開口預培養30分鐘。在10倍濃度相對於各試管使測試物質之最終濃度是50微莫耳濃度及1百萬/毫升細胞密度下,經由加入40微升之測試物質引發反應。在各試管中的反應懸浮液經由反轉試管數次而混合。50微升從各反應懸浮液之等分試液另外分配至六個其他可移動的96-槽試管(在15、30、45、60、90及120分鐘之每個時間點一個試管)。開口試管在37℃、95%溼度及5% CO2
培養。
在預先決定的時間點,經由將150微升停止溶液添加至含50微升反應懸浮液之各試管將反應終止。停止溶液之組成物如下:15毫升乙腈(含1微克/毫升水粉菌素作為內標及0.1%甲酸)混合1毫升水。
在下列方式下製備校正曲線。在80微升細胞懸浮液(細胞密度是1.25百萬/毫升)中加入10微升肝細胞培養介質及10微升適當濃度在肝細胞培養介質中的化合物。加入化合物後立即加入300微升停止溶液(見上述)。
將全部淬滅的樣本保存在溼冰上直到其進行分析。然後使用桌上型Multi-Tube Vortexer(VWR Scientific Products)將其混合約30分鐘,並在4℃及4,000 rpm(3,220 rcf)離心10分鐘。將透明上清液(100微升)轉移至清潔的深槽96-槽培養皿,在氮氣下蒸乾,在100微升的90:10水:乙腈中再重組,並使用適當的LC/MS/MS方法分析測試物之母體形式及代謝物。
在ESI-Positive MRM(多重反應監視)模式之ATI3000 LC/MS/MS儀器上定量化合物。式I前藥分解及產物產生之結果概要列在表1。
在新鮮的獼猴肝細胞中,化合物14、15、13、114、30、103、67、65及76以及費西洛經代謝而產生對應的6-氧基代謝物:122從前三個式I前藥以及各134、117、141、157、148及132。費西洛產生本西洛。
末梢血液單核細胞(PBMC)是經由標準方法從人血製備且主要含單核細胞、NK細胞、循環樹突狀細胞及T與B細胞。簡單地說,其係經由密度梯度離心從血液成份並含白血球及血小板之血塊黃層純化。隨後,經由離心全血製備血塊黃層並將分離的混合物中在上血漿層與下紅血細胞部份之間的薄乳色層分離。
從San Diego Blood Bank得到新鮮收集的供體血塊黃層。根據製造商的提案說明,使用histopaque-1077 gradient(Sigma)從血塊黃層分離PBMCs。將血塊黃層轉移至50毫升離心管並加入PBS至總體積是35毫升。其次將10毫升histopaque-1077放在各試管之底層,然後在5804 R離心機(Eppendorf)中,在室溫下在259xg連續離心30分鐘。從各試管取出上PBS層並丟棄並將血塊黃層轉移至新的試管。用PBS使總體積是50毫升,然後將試管在室溫下在259xg離心10分鐘。在此方式下另外用PBS清洗細胞3次。
然後將細胞(PBMC)丸粒再度懸浮在30-40毫升完全(RPMI)介質。在2.5或7.5 x 106
細胞/毫升完全介質下接種(分別是1x及3x接種)並使其休息過夜後化合物暴露24小時。然後收集細胞及介質,在室溫下在5415 C微離心機(Eppendorf)在735xg離心5分鐘,並經由IFN-α ELISA分析上清液。式I前藥、式II化合物及本發明其他化合物當經由選擇的途徑用藥後顯示有利的口服輸送特性及引發免疫回應之能力可以和文獻中揭示的化合物之類似實驗結果比較。在此整份併入本文供參考的是美國專利5,041,426及4,880,784號及美國專利申請案10/861,430號(美國專利申請編號US 2005/0070556),其特別是揭示伊撒脫(isatoribine)之IFN-α誘發。
據此,本發明化合物之相對活性是表示為32或100微莫耳濃度伊撒脫引起的IFN-α誘發之百分比。
根據Biosource提案之說明,進行人類IFN-α ELISA(#KHC4012)。但是,為了使讀值是在偵測之線性範圍內,PBMC上清液樣本通常稀釋1:3(2.5 x 106
細胞/毫升接種)或1:15(7.5 x 106
細胞/毫升接種)且隨後與未稀釋的上清液樣本一起分析。參考標準曲線從O.D.計算在各樣本中的濃度。
本發明化合物相對於伊撒脫從PBMCs顯示的IFN-α引發作用是在下列範圍:0-10%:化合物142、157、141、148及3311-50%:化合物152及165 51-100%:化合物32、160、130及137>100%:化合物133、34、147、121、122、134、117、132及153。
關於在試管內強化從人類PBMCs之IFN-α製造,結果證明134及122對伊撒脫有明顯的優越性。圖1及圖2顯示化合物A在人類PBMCs引發的微微克/毫升IFN-α相對於相同濃度伊撒脫引發的微微克/毫升IFN-α之圖。結果可總結如下。
在1 x PBMC接種中,相較於伊撒脫,134及122在100微莫耳濃度測試化合物引發明顯且實質上更多的IFN-α製造,尤其是對伊撒脫之弱回應者(圖1及2之左嵌圖)。當接種增加至3x時,在100微莫耳濃度測試劑產生的IFN-α量之差異較不明顯區別,雖然目視上顯然且有統計意義(圖1及2之右嵌圖)。但是,當134及122之濃度是32微莫耳濃度,在3x接種時,134及122訝異且超乎預期地優於伊撒脫(圖1及2之右嵌圖及插圖)。
上述揭示之本質是舉例及解釋,且是要說明本發明及其較佳具體實施例。經由例行的實驗,從事此藝者將了解可以進行且不偏離本發明之精神的明顯修改及變化。據此,本發明不是經由上述說明限制,而是經由下列申請專利範圍及其同等事物。
Claims (13)
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其係
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其係
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其係
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其係選自
- 根據申請專利範圍第4項之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽,其係選自
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物,其係選自
- 根據申請專利範圍第6項之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物,其係為
- 一種化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物,其係選自
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含藥學上可接受的載劑及申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之化合物,或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物。
- 一種治療或預防有效量之如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物之用途,其用於製造在病人中調節免疫細胞活素活性之藥劑。
- 一種治療或預防有效量之如申請專利範圍第1至8項中任一項之化合物或其藥學上可接受的鹽或互變異構物之用途,其用於製造在病人中治療C型肝炎或B型肝炎病毒感染之藥劑。
- 根據申請專利範圍第11項之用途,其中該藥劑係用於治療C型肝炎病毒感染。
- 根據申請專利範圍第12項之用途,其中該藥劑係用於治療B型肝炎病毒感染。
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