TWI293691B - Method and system for determining the speed and distance of a mobile unit - Google Patents

Method and system for determining the speed and distance of a mobile unit Download PDF

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TWI293691B
TWI293691B TW095100949A TW95100949A TWI293691B TW I293691 B TWI293691 B TW I293691B TW 095100949 A TW095100949 A TW 095100949A TW 95100949 A TW95100949 A TW 95100949A TW I293691 B TWI293691 B TW I293691B
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wtru
distance
station
beams
network
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TW200641384A (en
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Cuffaro Angelo
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Interdigital Tech Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/04Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
    • H04W92/10Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G01S11/04Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using angle measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/12Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

12.93691 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本i月係有關於無線通侦糸統。特別是,本發明係有關於利用複 數冬慧型天線之行動電話系統,藉以決定無線傳輸及接收單元() 之速度及距離。 【先前技術】 在現有之無線系統部署中,無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之速度 φ 及位置係利用各種不同方式決定。舉例來說,全球定位系統(GPS ) ^ 可以應用於具備全球定位系統(GPS)功能之無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU)。或者,無線通信網路亦可以應用三角量測技術,藉以決定 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之速度及位置。各種技術通常都會具有 無法避免之缺點。舉例來說,全球定位系統(Gps)會大幅增加益線傳 輸及接收單元(WTRU)之費用及複雜度。基本上,配備全球定系統 (GPS)之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)係具有兩個接收器之裝置, 其中,一個接放器乃是用來界面行動電話系統,而另一個接收器則是 用來接收定位魅之資訊。額外接收||會增加電_耗、並佔用無線 傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之資源。 • 決定無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)位置之另-種方法則是應用三 角量測技術’其將會需要額外之主要站台及/或各主要站台之^ 體,藉以支援三角量測。 有鑑於此,本發明之主要目的便是提供一種改良式無線傳輸及接 收單元(WTRU)追縱機制,藉以在與主要站台進行通信時,有效決定 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之位置。 【發明内容】 /本發明揭露-種方法及系、統,其巾,共用頻道(例如信標頻道) 係掃過區段胞元之指定覆蓋區域。閒置之無線傳輸及接收單元() 5 .Ϊ293691 係保留永久資訊’例如接收功率,及最錢織用頻道讀數之接收 間。當無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)下一次存取時,這些資气送 至網路,藉以決定無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之位置、行進^ : 及應用於無線資源管理之速度預估。 口 【實施方式】 本發明將配合所附圖式,詳細說明如下。在本發明說明中,相同 之圖式符號係表示相同之元件。請參考第认圖,其麵示—無線通信 系統10,其中,這個無線通信系統10具有單一或複數個主要站台^ 且各個主要站台14均能夠與複數個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 進订通彳§。各個無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) %係絲接近之主 =二2有最強通信信號之主要站台14進行通信。無線傳輸及接 早兀、h U) 16通常為已知之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU),並 且:=汽車電話或手持行動電話。通常,這類無線傳輸及接收單 i 亦可哺為行動餘單元。另外,主要站台則可以稱為基 廣播及接口诚過主要站台之天線21,經由覆蓋區域⑽以
^個天線2卜經由其天線陣列,係將這個天線之無 整為—光束24。這個光束24會掃過—覆蓋區域100, @所不。這個覆蓋區域100係具有複數個區段Si、…、Sn 這個無線通#糸統10可以經由公用交 p=:„罔路路徑28,選擇性地連接至公用交換電話網路 網路路徑2/f然弟1A圖之無線通信系統10係應用獨立單元以實施 ϊ4,葬^4、主要抑14 ’但是,這些魏柯以倾組合基地台 14糟以形成一個“主控主要站台”。。 田水二ί考第1Α圖及第2圖’無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16係利 (Γΐΐ,藉以跨越主要站台14之覆蓋區域刚之單—或複數 〇,7 乂碲301所不)。無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRLO 16係進行 6 Ϊ2.93691 2 ϋ在、閒置狀態時監控單—或複數個共用頻道(如步驟310所 道。站台14廣播至整個覆蓋區域⑽之信_ 收單元Γ 料在覆蓋區域隨供各個鱗傳輸及接 六你、 RU)接收。當閒置(亦即:開啟、但卻未進行使用者資$ ί走動ί&ΐ1輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16轉蚊或在覆蓋區域四 之相關i J固ΐ線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16將會儲存信標頻道 路押η 驟32G所示)。這個儲存資訊可以包括:時間、信號 隨i貝、-個:識別碼、信標傳輸功率、接收功率、及接收干擾位準。ϋ 集到之接收單元(WTRU) 16便會將其自共用頻道收 這個儲订連結傳輸至主要站台14 (如步驟330所示)。隨後, 話之、亲^ 以提供基地台控制器網路2G彻,藉以決定行動電 ' k又、距離、及方向(如步驟340所示)。 個丘(WTRU) 16取得—共用頻道時’這 :;也:= 要站台14之資訊,其亦可以協助這個 H 而決定這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRu) Γ這錄地台_鱗2G會指_主要站台 外將光束24系統性地擇過整個覆蓋區域励以涵 以:乂二、曾t弟1B圖所不)。另外’這個基地台控制器網路20亦可 在Ί員道後面附加-個區段識別碼或光束號碼,藉以表示 輸之區段。隨後’無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16便可以將這個時 間標記資訊上行連結傳輸至基地台控繼網路2G。並且,這個基· 控制器網器20亦可以顧職無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之$ 2段識刺錢錢微計算剌之路街肢 傳f及接f元(W_ 1_於這魅要站台Μ 。這個路 ;: ”之傳輸辨、蝴_傳輸及接收單 几(WTRU)之接收功率。隨後,本發明便可以應用 地區之效應。舉例來說,若魏為農村,則這個基地台 控制裔網路2〇便可以應用-農村環境模型以進行計算。 這们主要站口之位置係已知’且這個基地台控制器網路係可以 7 ^293691 固相轉換成一個絕對位置。應該注意的是,這個主要站台 請炎考第⑽^南北方向。通f ’網格數值之單轉公尺或公里。 笛卡1二二一覆蓋區域之無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) w j決ί、—慨轉輸及触單元(聰u)植置(戰u—x, 盘這個心ϋ發明料必須要計算這個主要站台之x座標及¥座標 離及收單元( WTRU)之X座標及¥練間之AX距 X可^這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之x座標W而 一入了以利用等式(1)計算出來: (1)
〜X=AX+PS _position_X (PS^ ,Λχ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 根。另^ X、距離,且一X係這個主要站台(PS)之X座 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之γ座標WTRU Y 了以_料⑴計算出來·· - (2)
WTRU、Y 二△ Y + PS—position—Y (psf中,ΛΥ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 俨。之X距離,且PS一position一Y係這個主要站台(ps)之γ座 心ΪΪ ’這魅要站台(PS)及這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) ^ &_,_式(3)計算出來: (3)
DlStance、T〇一WTRu二〔(ΔΧ) 2+ (ΛΥ) 2〕1/2 8 Ϊ293691 其中,ΛΧ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 (PS)之X距離,且Λγ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這 個主要站台(PS)之X距離。這個主要站台及這個無線傳輸及 接收單元(WTRU)之方位角度可以利用等式計算出來:
Azimuth (WTRU) =tan-1 (ΔΥ/ΔΧ) (4) 其中,Azimuth係單位,,度,,之方位角度。 請參考第3圖,其係利用笛卡兒座標系統,表示相對於位於原點 | (〇 0)之參考點(RP) 32之覆盍區域範例。如圖中所示,一個主要 站台(PS) 14係位於座標(一5,2),並且,一個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16餘於座標(―i,5)。方位肖度⑻%絲示由這個 主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之角度。 為計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離,本發明首先要分別計算Δχ數值及Δγ數值。Αχ數值及 ΑΥ數值分別是這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 (PS)之X距離,及這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要 站σ (PS)之γ距離’其可以利用路桎損失、及已知主要站台(PS) 傳輸功率及已知無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)接收功率計算得到。在 這個例子中,ΛΧ數值等於4,且ΛΥ數值等於3。接著,等式(3)便 可以用來計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之距離,亦即· 5公尺。另外,這個主要站台(ps) μ f這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之方位角度⑻則可以根據 等式(4)計算得到,其大約等於39度。 衫這個距離之計算係取決於路徑損失之計算及環境變數,諸如:大 :氣“件。等式(5)係表示一種自由空間模型之典型傳遞,其係基於路 經損失及環境因子以決定這餘要站台(ps) 14至這個無線傳輸及 收單元(WTRU) 16之距離。 9 (5)1293691
Distance二 10〔Pathloss-32.4—201〇g (f)〕/如 其中,f係單位百萬赫(MHz)之中心載頻;Distance係單位公里 (KM)之距離;pathloss係單位分貝(dB)之路徑損失。另外,等式 (6)係表示另一種平面地表傳遞模型,藉以計算這個主要站台(ps) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離。 (6)
Distance = 10 [Pathloss+2〇i〇g (HbHm)) /4〇 其中’ Hb係基地台天線之高度(公尺);Hm係行動台天線之高度 (公尺);且Distance係單位公尺(m)之距離。再者,在另一種計算 距離之方法中’等式(7)係表示一種路徑損失計算之cost一mi哈達 模型(Hata model) 〇
Pathloss = 46.3 + 33.91og (f) — 13.821og (Hb) —a (Hm) + (44.9— (6.551og (Hb))) *log (Distance) +Cm (7) 等式(8)則是用以計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及 接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離:
Distance^ 1〇 (Pathloss~46.3-33.91og (f) +13.821og (Hb) -a (Hm) -Cm/ (44.9- (6.551og (Hb))) (8) 其中,Hb係基地台天線之高度(公尺);Hm係行動台天線之高度 (公尺);f係單元百萬赫(MHz)之中心頻率;Distance係單位公里(KM) 之距離;a係單位分貝(dB)之校正因子,用以表示小郊區行動台之天 線高度,其可以利用等式(9)表示。 (9) (Hm) = (l.llogf-0.7) Hm-1.561ogf+0.8 .1293691 其中,Cm數值係隨著郊區域農村環境而改變。 Cm數值為0 dB。在都市環境模型中,Cm數值為 在郊區環境模型中, 3 dJB ° 當這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)在覆蓋區域内四處走 這個基地台控㈣網路20便可㈣較這個鱗傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之光束24取得制’藉赠算職鱗傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) W之速度及方向。舉例來說,為得到近似之速度計算,等 式(10)即疋-個簡單等式(諸如:位置變化誠時間變化),藉以決 定這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之速度。 4、
Speed=△position/Atime (10) 其中’ 係表示位置變化,而則是表示時間變化。 另外,等式(10)亦可以展開為等式(11)。
Speech (PfD / (Hi) 〇〇 其中,^及τη係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) ΐδ之目前位
置及目满間’而Pd及!^則是這個無線傳輸及接收單元(W·) 16之前一個位置及其關連時間。 應該注意的是,速度测魏決雜置細之精確度。若這個覆芸 區域100過大、或這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16靠近胞元^ 圍’則些位置預測便可能會不夠精確。然而,若覆蓋區域⑽相對 較小、或這個無線傳輸_收單元(WTRU) 16靠近胞元中央,則這 些位置預麟可能會南度精確。另外,區段大小亦可能會影響到這些 位置預測。另外,當區段數目愈大,則覆蓋區域亦可以切分為愈 位之位置。 另外’為取得這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之方向,這個 ^線通信緣僅需要制這個麟傳輸及触單元(WTRU) 16之目 州位置及mi-個位置。首先,這個主要站台(ps) M至這個無線傳輪 1293691 及接收單元(WTRU) 16 示0 之距離可以利用上列等式計算 ,如第3圖所
為達成最有效之資源指派,本發明會在這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16首先進入覆盍區域1〇〇時,產 二,丁座生延個無線傳輸及接收單 凡(WTRU) 16植置預測及速度預测。這可以讓這個基地台控制器 網路10能夠利用同意演算法、並且有效指派通信資源。 在另-個較佳實施例中’這個無線通信網路可以利用鄰近之主要站
台及鄰近之就,_更精確地调這個躲傳輸及接收單元(WTR 16之位置。當這個無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) “存取一個主要站 台14時,這些通信可能會糊鄰近之主要站台14監控,其亦可能合 使應性之天線接收器。隨後,這些連結之接收主要站台便可以二 用簡單之二肖制祕,藉时精確崎算這個無轉輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之位置。 在另一個較佳實施例中,這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16可 以採用三個或更多個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)信標量測,並將這 些置測回報給這個無線通信系統。如此,這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之速度及方向便可以得到更精確之計算。 雖然本發明已利用較佳實施例詳細說明如上,但是,熟習此技術人 士亦可以在不違背本發明精神及範圍之前提下,對本發明之較佳實施 例進行各種變動。因此,本發明之保護範圍將以下列申請專利範圍 準。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1A圖係表示根據本發明教義之一種無線通信系統之簡單示意 圖。 第1B圖係表示第1A圖無線通信系統之主要站台之覆蓋區域之簡 單示意圖。 第2圖係表示根據本發明教導之一種決定無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU)速度及距離之方法之簡單流程圖。 12 1293691 ’ 第3圖係表示第1B圖覆蓋區域之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 之笛卡兒座標表示法之範例。 【元件符號說明】 10 無線通信系統 14 站台 16 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 20 基地台控制器網路 21 天線 22 電話網路(PSTN) 24 光束 26 網路路徑 28 公用交換電話網路(PSTN)網路路徑 32 參考點(RP) 38 方位角度(0) 100 覆蓋區域
13

Claims (1)

  1. :Ι2^369ι 竣’使得光束不時地傳輸到由該網站站台所服務的每一區域,每一光 束包含光束識別資訊,藉以使無線傳輸及接收單元接收所識別光束, 以及測量和儲存個別接收信號強度;以及 由該網路站台接收來自一無線傳輸及接收單元的該複數接收光束 的儲存光束識別資訊資料和接收信號強度資料;以及 一使用從該無線傳輸及接收單元所接收的該複數接收光束的光束識 別貝汛貧料和接收信號強度資料,以估計出該無線傳輸及接收單元移 動之位置、速度及方向。 •如申睛專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該接收步驟是透過有關於
    攸该網路站台所成功傳輸之不少於三的選定數目的指向性光束而執 行0 ^、t %專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中每一光束的光束識別資訊 資料疋包含儲存該光束的一方向、傳送該光束的一時間以及該光束 的一傳輸功率,其中該無線傳輸及接收單元移動之位置、速度及方 向的估計包含下列步驟: 為。亥複數光束中各光束,從該光束識別貧訊資料和該接收信號強 度資料計算出一信號路徑損失; 從該計算出的路徑損失以評估各該複數光束從該網路站台已知的 傳輪位置到該無線傳輸及接收單元的距離; 十從該網路站台已知的傳輸位置和該個別的評估距離以評估出各兮 複數光束的該無線傳輸及接收單元的位置;以及™ 人π球设数位置評怙亚羝兮得送該個別光束的時間以評估該I 傳輸及接收單元的移動速度和方向。 心、、、、、’ 9·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中從該網路站台到該無線 輸及接收單元的該距離是使用下列其中之一而進行評估:一考产因 了、一 cost—231哈達模型(Hata model)、一平面地表傳遞二二】 是一自由空間模型。。 Λ 1〇·如申睛專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該接收步驟是透過有關 從該網路站台所成功傳輸之不少於三的選定數目的指向性光束而^ 15 1293691
    行。 11.如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該傳輸指向性光束是透過 使用預定訊框格式之一 IEEE 802.11、一 IEEE 802.16、一 GSM或是 一 3GPP之相容網路系統其中之一而執行;以及該評估步驟是由該 網路所執行。 16
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EP1527621A1 (en) 2005-05-04
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TW200641384A (en) 2006-12-01
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CA2490946A1 (en) 2004-01-08
US20070265020A1 (en) 2007-11-15
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TW200501768A (en) 2005-01-01
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WO2004004377A1 (en) 2004-01-08
TWI252324B (en) 2006-04-01
CN1663299A (zh) 2005-08-31
EP1527621A4 (en) 2005-11-02
US20060052114A1 (en) 2006-03-09
US7248883B2 (en) 2007-07-24
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US7123924B2 (en) 2006-10-17
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