TWI293691B - Method and system for determining the speed and distance of a mobile unit - Google Patents
Method and system for determining the speed and distance of a mobile unit Download PDFInfo
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- TWI293691B TWI293691B TW095100949A TW95100949A TWI293691B TW I293691 B TWI293691 B TW I293691B TW 095100949 A TW095100949 A TW 095100949A TW 95100949 A TW95100949 A TW 95100949A TW I293691 B TWI293691 B TW I293691B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
- H04W92/10—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S11/00—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
- G01S11/02—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
- G01S11/04—Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using angle measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/12—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
- G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
- G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
- H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Description
12.93691 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本i月係有關於無線通侦糸統。特別是,本發明係有關於利用複 數冬慧型天線之行動電話系統,藉以決定無線傳輸及接收單元() 之速度及距離。 【先前技術】 在現有之無線系統部署中,無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之速度 φ 及位置係利用各種不同方式決定。舉例來說,全球定位系統(GPS ) ^ 可以應用於具備全球定位系統(GPS)功能之無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU)。或者,無線通信網路亦可以應用三角量測技術,藉以決定 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之速度及位置。各種技術通常都會具有 無法避免之缺點。舉例來說,全球定位系統(Gps)會大幅增加益線傳 輸及接收單元(WTRU)之費用及複雜度。基本上,配備全球定系統 (GPS)之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)係具有兩個接收器之裝置, 其中,一個接放器乃是用來界面行動電話系統,而另一個接收器則是 用來接收定位魅之資訊。額外接收||會增加電_耗、並佔用無線 傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之資源。 • 決定無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)位置之另-種方法則是應用三 角量測技術’其將會需要額外之主要站台及/或各主要站台之^ 體,藉以支援三角量測。 有鑑於此,本發明之主要目的便是提供一種改良式無線傳輸及接 收單元(WTRU)追縱機制,藉以在與主要站台進行通信時,有效決定 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之位置。 【發明内容】 /本發明揭露-種方法及系、統,其巾,共用頻道(例如信標頻道) 係掃過區段胞元之指定覆蓋區域。閒置之無線傳輸及接收單元() 5 .Ϊ293691 係保留永久資訊’例如接收功率,及最錢織用頻道讀數之接收 間。當無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)下一次存取時,這些資气送 至網路,藉以決定無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之位置、行進^ : 及應用於無線資源管理之速度預估。 口 【實施方式】 本發明將配合所附圖式,詳細說明如下。在本發明說明中,相同 之圖式符號係表示相同之元件。請參考第认圖,其麵示—無線通信 系統10,其中,這個無線通信系統10具有單一或複數個主要站台^ 且各個主要站台14均能夠與複數個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 進订通彳§。各個無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) %係絲接近之主 =二2有最強通信信號之主要站台14進行通信。無線傳輸及接 早兀、h U) 16通常為已知之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU),並 且:=汽車電話或手持行動電話。通常,這類無線傳輸及接收單 i 亦可哺為行動餘單元。另外,主要站台則可以稱為基 廣播及接口诚過主要站台之天線21,經由覆蓋區域⑽以
^個天線2卜經由其天線陣列,係將這個天線之無 整為—光束24。這個光束24會掃過—覆蓋區域100, @所不。這個覆蓋區域100係具有複數個區段Si、…、Sn 這個無線通#糸統10可以經由公用交 p=:„罔路路徑28,選擇性地連接至公用交換電話網路 網路路徑2/f然弟1A圖之無線通信系統10係應用獨立單元以實施 ϊ4,葬^4、主要抑14 ’但是,這些魏柯以倾組合基地台 14糟以形成一個“主控主要站台”。。 田水二ί考第1Α圖及第2圖’無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16係利 (Γΐΐ,藉以跨越主要站台14之覆蓋區域刚之單—或複數 〇,7 乂碲301所不)。無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRLO 16係進行 6 Ϊ2.93691 2 ϋ在、閒置狀態時監控單—或複數個共用頻道(如步驟310所 道。站台14廣播至整個覆蓋區域⑽之信_ 收單元Γ 料在覆蓋區域隨供各個鱗傳輸及接 六你、 RU)接收。當閒置(亦即:開啟、但卻未進行使用者資$ ί走動ί&ΐ1輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16轉蚊或在覆蓋區域四 之相關i J固ΐ線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16將會儲存信標頻道 路押η 驟32G所示)。這個儲存資訊可以包括:時間、信號 隨i貝、-個:識別碼、信標傳輸功率、接收功率、及接收干擾位準。ϋ 集到之接收單元(WTRU) 16便會將其自共用頻道收 這個儲订連結傳輸至主要站台14 (如步驟330所示)。隨後, 話之、亲^ 以提供基地台控制器網路2G彻,藉以決定行動電 ' k又、距離、及方向(如步驟340所示)。 個丘(WTRU) 16取得—共用頻道時’這 :;也:= 要站台14之資訊,其亦可以協助這個 H 而決定這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRu) Γ這錄地台_鱗2G會指_主要站台 外將光束24系統性地擇過整個覆蓋區域励以涵 以:乂二、曾t弟1B圖所不)。另外’這個基地台控制器網路20亦可 在Ί員道後面附加-個區段識別碼或光束號碼,藉以表示 輸之區段。隨後’無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16便可以將這個時 間標記資訊上行連結傳輸至基地台控繼網路2G。並且,這個基· 控制器網器20亦可以顧職無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之$ 2段識刺錢錢微計算剌之路街肢 傳f及接f元(W_ 1_於這魅要站台Μ 。這個路 ;: ”之傳輸辨、蝴_傳輸及接收單 几(WTRU)之接收功率。隨後,本發明便可以應用 地區之效應。舉例來說,若魏為農村,則這個基地台 控制裔網路2〇便可以應用-農村環境模型以進行計算。 這们主要站口之位置係已知’且這個基地台控制器網路係可以 7 ^293691 固相轉換成一個絕對位置。應該注意的是,這個主要站台 請炎考第⑽^南北方向。通f ’網格數值之單轉公尺或公里。 笛卡1二二一覆蓋區域之無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) w j決ί、—慨轉輸及触單元(聰u)植置(戰u—x, 盘這個心ϋ發明料必須要計算這個主要站台之x座標及¥座標 離及收單元( WTRU)之X座標及¥練間之AX距 X可^這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之x座標W而 一入了以利用等式(1)計算出來: (1)
〜X=AX+PS _position_X (PS^ ,Λχ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 根。另^ X、距離,且一X係這個主要站台(PS)之X座 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)之γ座標WTRU Y 了以_料⑴計算出來·· - (2)
WTRU、Y 二△ Y + PS—position—Y (psf中,ΛΥ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 俨。之X距離,且PS一position一Y係這個主要站台(ps)之γ座 心ΪΪ ’這魅要站台(PS)及這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) ^ &_,_式(3)計算出來: (3)
DlStance、T〇一WTRu二〔(ΔΧ) 2+ (ΛΥ) 2〕1/2 8 Ϊ293691 其中,ΛΧ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 (PS)之X距離,且Λγ係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這 個主要站台(PS)之X距離。這個主要站台及這個無線傳輸及 接收單元(WTRU)之方位角度可以利用等式計算出來:
Azimuth (WTRU) =tan-1 (ΔΥ/ΔΧ) (4) 其中,Azimuth係單位,,度,,之方位角度。 請參考第3圖,其係利用笛卡兒座標系統,表示相對於位於原點 | (〇 0)之參考點(RP) 32之覆盍區域範例。如圖中所示,一個主要 站台(PS) 14係位於座標(一5,2),並且,一個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16餘於座標(―i,5)。方位肖度⑻%絲示由這個 主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之角度。 為計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離,本發明首先要分別計算Δχ數值及Δγ數值。Αχ數值及 ΑΥ數值分別是這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要站台 (PS)之X距離,及這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)至這個主要 站σ (PS)之γ距離’其可以利用路桎損失、及已知主要站台(PS) 傳輸功率及已知無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)接收功率計算得到。在 這個例子中,ΛΧ數值等於4,且ΛΥ數值等於3。接著,等式(3)便 可以用來計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之距離,亦即· 5公尺。另外,這個主要站台(ps) μ f這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之方位角度⑻則可以根據 等式(4)計算得到,其大約等於39度。 衫這個距離之計算係取決於路徑損失之計算及環境變數,諸如:大 :氣“件。等式(5)係表示一種自由空間模型之典型傳遞,其係基於路 經損失及環境因子以決定這餘要站台(ps) 14至這個無線傳輸及 收單元(WTRU) 16之距離。 9 (5)1293691
Distance二 10〔Pathloss-32.4—201〇g (f)〕/如 其中,f係單位百萬赫(MHz)之中心載頻;Distance係單位公里 (KM)之距離;pathloss係單位分貝(dB)之路徑損失。另外,等式 (6)係表示另一種平面地表傳遞模型,藉以計算這個主要站台(ps) 14至這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離。 (6)
Distance = 10 [Pathloss+2〇i〇g (HbHm)) /4〇 其中’ Hb係基地台天線之高度(公尺);Hm係行動台天線之高度 (公尺);且Distance係單位公尺(m)之距離。再者,在另一種計算 距離之方法中’等式(7)係表示一種路徑損失計算之cost一mi哈達 模型(Hata model) 〇
Pathloss = 46.3 + 33.91og (f) — 13.821og (Hb) —a (Hm) + (44.9— (6.551og (Hb))) *log (Distance) +Cm (7) 等式(8)則是用以計算這個主要站台(PS) 14至這個無線傳輸及 接收單元(WTRU) 16之距離:
Distance^ 1〇 (Pathloss~46.3-33.91og (f) +13.821og (Hb) -a (Hm) -Cm/ (44.9- (6.551og (Hb))) (8) 其中,Hb係基地台天線之高度(公尺);Hm係行動台天線之高度 (公尺);f係單元百萬赫(MHz)之中心頻率;Distance係單位公里(KM) 之距離;a係單位分貝(dB)之校正因子,用以表示小郊區行動台之天 線高度,其可以利用等式(9)表示。 (9) (Hm) = (l.llogf-0.7) Hm-1.561ogf+0.8 .1293691 其中,Cm數值係隨著郊區域農村環境而改變。 Cm數值為0 dB。在都市環境模型中,Cm數值為 在郊區環境模型中, 3 dJB ° 當這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)在覆蓋區域内四處走 這個基地台控㈣網路20便可㈣較這個鱗傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之光束24取得制’藉赠算職鱗傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) W之速度及方向。舉例來說,為得到近似之速度計算,等 式(10)即疋-個簡單等式(諸如:位置變化誠時間變化),藉以決 定這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之速度。 4、
Speed=△position/Atime (10) 其中’ 係表示位置變化,而則是表示時間變化。 另外,等式(10)亦可以展開為等式(11)。
Speech (PfD / (Hi) 〇〇 其中,^及τη係這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) ΐδ之目前位
置及目满間’而Pd及!^則是這個無線傳輸及接收單元(W·) 16之前一個位置及其關連時間。 應該注意的是,速度测魏決雜置細之精確度。若這個覆芸 區域100過大、或這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16靠近胞元^ 圍’則些位置預測便可能會不夠精確。然而,若覆蓋區域⑽相對 較小、或這個無線傳輸_收單元(WTRU) 16靠近胞元中央,則這 些位置預麟可能會南度精確。另外,區段大小亦可能會影響到這些 位置預測。另外,當區段數目愈大,則覆蓋區域亦可以切分為愈 位之位置。 另外’為取得這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16之方向,這個 ^線通信緣僅需要制這個麟傳輸及触單元(WTRU) 16之目 州位置及mi-個位置。首先,這個主要站台(ps) M至這個無線傳輪 1293691 及接收單元(WTRU) 16 示0 之距離可以利用上列等式計算 ,如第3圖所
為達成最有效之資源指派,本發明會在這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16首先進入覆盍區域1〇〇時,產 二,丁座生延個無線傳輸及接收單 凡(WTRU) 16植置預測及速度預测。這可以讓這個基地台控制器 網路10能夠利用同意演算法、並且有效指派通信資源。 在另-個較佳實施例中’這個無線通信網路可以利用鄰近之主要站
台及鄰近之就,_更精確地调這個躲傳輸及接收單元(WTR 16之位置。當這個無線傳輸及接收單元(wtru) “存取一個主要站 台14時,這些通信可能會糊鄰近之主要站台14監控,其亦可能合 使應性之天線接收器。隨後,這些連結之接收主要站台便可以二 用簡單之二肖制祕,藉时精確崎算這個無轉輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之位置。 在另一個較佳實施例中,這個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 16可 以採用三個或更多個無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU)信標量測,並將這 些置測回報給這個無線通信系統。如此,這個無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU) 16之速度及方向便可以得到更精確之計算。 雖然本發明已利用較佳實施例詳細說明如上,但是,熟習此技術人 士亦可以在不違背本發明精神及範圍之前提下,對本發明之較佳實施 例進行各種變動。因此,本發明之保護範圍將以下列申請專利範圍 準。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1A圖係表示根據本發明教義之一種無線通信系統之簡單示意 圖。 第1B圖係表示第1A圖無線通信系統之主要站台之覆蓋區域之簡 單示意圖。 第2圖係表示根據本發明教導之一種決定無線傳輸及接收單元 (WTRU)速度及距離之方法之簡單流程圖。 12 1293691 ’ 第3圖係表示第1B圖覆蓋區域之無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 之笛卡兒座標表示法之範例。 【元件符號說明】 10 無線通信系統 14 站台 16 無線傳輸及接收單元(WTRU) 20 基地台控制器網路 21 天線 22 電話網路(PSTN) 24 光束 26 網路路徑 28 公用交換電話網路(PSTN)網路路徑 32 參考點(RP) 38 方位角度(0) 100 覆蓋區域
13
Claims (1)
- :Ι2^369ι 竣’使得光束不時地傳輸到由該網站站台所服務的每一區域,每一光 束包含光束識別資訊,藉以使無線傳輸及接收單元接收所識別光束, 以及測量和儲存個別接收信號強度;以及 由該網路站台接收來自一無線傳輸及接收單元的該複數接收光束 的儲存光束識別資訊資料和接收信號強度資料;以及 一使用從該無線傳輸及接收單元所接收的該複數接收光束的光束識 別貝汛貧料和接收信號強度資料,以估計出該無線傳輸及接收單元移 動之位置、速度及方向。 •如申睛專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該接收步驟是透過有關於攸该網路站台所成功傳輸之不少於三的選定數目的指向性光束而執 行0 ^、t %專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中每一光束的光束識別資訊 資料疋包含儲存該光束的一方向、傳送該光束的一時間以及該光束 的一傳輸功率,其中該無線傳輸及接收單元移動之位置、速度及方 向的估計包含下列步驟: 為。亥複數光束中各光束,從該光束識別貧訊資料和該接收信號強 度資料計算出一信號路徑損失; 從該計算出的路徑損失以評估各該複數光束從該網路站台已知的 傳輪位置到該無線傳輸及接收單元的距離; 十從該網路站台已知的傳輸位置和該個別的評估距離以評估出各兮 複數光束的該無線傳輸及接收單元的位置;以及™ 人π球设数位置評怙亚羝兮得送該個別光束的時間以評估該I 傳輸及接收單元的移動速度和方向。 心、、、、、’ 9·如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中從該網路站台到該無線 輸及接收單元的該距離是使用下列其中之一而進行評估:一考产因 了、一 cost—231哈達模型(Hata model)、一平面地表傳遞二二】 是一自由空間模型。。 Λ 1〇·如申睛專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中該接收步驟是透過有關 從該網路站台所成功傳輸之不少於三的選定數目的指向性光束而^ 15 1293691行。 11.如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該傳輸指向性光束是透過 使用預定訊框格式之一 IEEE 802.11、一 IEEE 802.16、一 GSM或是 一 3GPP之相容網路系統其中之一而執行;以及該評估步驟是由該 網路所執行。 16
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2002
- 2002-12-27 US US10/330,637 patent/US7123924B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
- 2003-06-24 TW TW092117189A patent/TWI252324B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-24 TW TW095100949A patent/TWI293691B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-06-24 TW TW093105329A patent/TW200501768A/zh unknown
- 2003-06-24 TW TW096121616A patent/TW200834105A/zh unknown
- 2003-06-25 KR KR1020057017081A patent/KR20050099635A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-06-25 CA CA002490946A patent/CA2490946A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-25 AU AU2003245695A patent/AU2003245695A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-25 CN CN038149753A patent/CN1663299A/zh active Pending
- 2003-06-25 EP EP03739314A patent/EP1527621A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-06-25 WO PCT/US2003/020121 patent/WO2004004377A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-06-25 KR KR1020047021397A patent/KR100635319B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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JP4111951B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
US20040203905A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
TW200405025A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
EP1527621A1 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
TW200834105A (en) | 2008-08-16 |
TW200641384A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
KR100635319B1 (ko) | 2006-10-18 |
CA2490946A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
US20070265020A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
AU2003245695A1 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
TW200501768A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
KR20050099635A (ko) | 2005-10-14 |
WO2004004377A1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
TWI252324B (en) | 2006-04-01 |
CN1663299A (zh) | 2005-08-31 |
EP1527621A4 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
US20060052114A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
US7248883B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
KR20050016920A (ko) | 2005-02-21 |
US7123924B2 (en) | 2006-10-17 |
JP2005531985A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
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