1253963 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於高尺寸精度管、該高尺寸精度管之製造方 法及製造裝置。例如，關於應用於如汽車用驅動系統零件 等的要求有高尺寸精度者的高尺寸精度管、高尺寸精度管 之製造方法、製造裝置及製造設備列。 【先前技術】 金屬管（例如鋼管）與一般的焊接管及無縫管有很大區 別。焊接管係例如電縫鋼管般，將帶板的寬幅呈圓形彎曲， 使該彎圓之寬幅兩端對接並進行焊接而製造。另一方面， 無縫管係以高溫將實心的小坯（b i 1 1 e t)穿孔後，利用心棒 軋管機（m a n d r e 1 m i 1 1 )等進行軋製而製造。在焊接管的情 況，在焊接後研削焊接部分的突起部以提高管的尺寸精 度，但其壁厚偏差超過3. 0 %。另外，在無縫管的情況，其 在穿孔步驟容易發生偏心，並因該偏心容易產生大的壁厚 偏差。雖在其後的步驟中努力使該壁厚偏差減低，但仍無 法獲得充分的減低，在製品階段仍殘留8 . 0 %以上。 最近，作為環境問題對策，對汽車的輕量化要求越來越 高。驅動轴等的驅動系統零件有從實心的金屬棒換為中空 的金屬管的傾向。對此等汽車用驅動系統零件等的金屬管 要求其壁厚、内徑、外徑的各偏差為3. 0 %以下，更嚴格則 為1 . 0 %以下的高尺寸精度。 驅動系統零件必須能承受汽車之遠距離行駛時帶來的 疲勞。若金屬管之壁厚、内徑、外徑的精度不良，則疲勞 5 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 破壞必定從存在於管内外面的凹凸處開始發展，使其 強度顯著降低。為保持充分之疲勞強度，有使金屬管 厚、内徑、外徑的精度保持良好的必要。 以下，本發明之高尺寸精度管係外徑偏差、内徑偏 圓周方向壁厚偏差的任一者或2者以上在3%以下的管 偏差係由下式所導出。 偏差=變動寬幅/(目標值或平均值）X 1 0 0 % 變動寬幅=最大值一最小值 作為提高金屬管之壁厚、内徑、外徑的精度的手段 般周知有以下的2種方法。以下，針對焊接鋼管與無 管（以下稱為鋼管或管）進行說明。其中之一為使用壓 及柱塞而由冷軋引伸鋼管的方法（所謂冷拉法）（參照I 文獻5 )。另一方法為使用組入沿圓周方向分割的壓鑄 旋轉型鍛造機，將鋼管壓入壓鑄模孔進行加工的方法（ 鍛造壓入法）（參照專利文獻1、2、3 )。 專利文獻1 ··日本專利特開平9 - 2 6 2 6 3 7號公報 專利文獻2 :曰本專利特開平9 - 2 6 2 6 1 9號公報 專利文獻3 :日本專利特開平1 0 - 1 5 6 1 2號公報 專利文獻4 :日本專利第2 8 5 8 4 4 6號公報 專利文獻5 :日本專利第2 8 1 2 1 5 1號公報 但是，在冷拉法中，在設備能力不足之情況或管之 厚·管徑大而無法獲得充分的引伸應力而必須使縮徑 低的情況等中，在加工刀具（柱塞及壓鑄模孔内面的6 内，壓鑄模與管、及引伸柱塞與管的接觸變得不充分 3】2/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 疲勞 之壁 差、 ，各 縫鋼 鑄模 L利 模的 旋轉 壁 率降 ]隙） 。原 6 1253963 因在於，冷拉法中，其管應力為拉伸應力。該情況，管的 内面、外面的平滑化不足而容易殘留凹凸。作為其解決對 策，係利用冷拉以增大管的縮徑率而在加工刀具内增加管 的内外面與柱塞、壓鑄模的接觸。但是，在使用壓鑄模冷 拉管的情況，管的縮徑率變得越大則因管内面的凹凸所產 生的粗糙度增加越大。其結果，在冷拉法中要獲得高尺寸 精度的管有困難。因此，對管的疲勞強度不充分且尺寸精 度良好的管的需求大量增加。在冷拉法中為增加張力而要 夾住管的前端，因此有減窄管的前端的必要。其結果為， 無法一根一根引伸，而有加工效率顯著降低的問題。 另外，即使在具有設備能力且可增大縮徑率的情況，因 縮徑而產生之加工歪斜變大而管仍容易加工硬化。管在引 伸後進一步施以彎曲或旋鍛等的加工。因在上述引伸的加 工硬化，在其後的彎曲步驟等有容易破裂的問題。為防止 此情況的發生，有在引伸後以高溫經由充分的時間施以熱 處理的必要，且因為製造成本顯著變得很大，因此期盼可 高效率製造廉價且容易加工的高尺寸精度管的方法。 又，專利文獻4記載的金屬管的按壓裝置，係由其他的 裝置拉伸金屬管，係為防止該拉伸力引起的管的破斷而在 内面形成溝以減低必要的拉伸力用的輔助裝置，並不是將 管内外面平滑化的裝置。 在專利文獻1〜3記載的旋轉鍛造壓入法中，將旋轉型 鍛造機之壓鑄模分割以使該壓鑄模搖動的結果，在該分割 部分容易產生段差而使得外面的平滑化不充分，或是因沿 7 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 圓周方向各異的壓鑄模的剛性而產生不均勻變形。其 果，因為壁厚精度也不足而無法獲得目標的精加工尺 度，且該鋼管的疲勞強度也不充分，而希望得到改善 在旋轉鍛造壓入法中，壓入鋼管後之壁厚較壓入前 厚為厚。因為此具有複雜的構造，因此有使用不易附 載的旋轉型鍛造機的限制。為增加壁厚，在加工刀具 大致接近於出口側的間隙增大而容易使管變形，但若 隙而容易變形則會在管内面產生凹凸。又，若增加壁 間隙增大，使得管在壓鑄模表面或柱塞表面變得無法 接觸。其結果，有管表面之平滑化沒有進展，而不易 高尺寸精度管的缺點。 另外，在製造高尺寸精度管的過程，若不盡量減低 外面與管内面、壓鑄模内面與管外面的摩擦力，則在 中會產生燒接於管表面等的瑕症b ，其加工後管的表面 降低，而有不僅僅是該管無法成為製品，即使顯著增 工時的負載，加工本身仍無法進行的情況，其結果， 效率顯著降低。 藉此，若在壓入後欲獲得所需的壁厚，只有減薄壓 的壁厚。因此，為整理各式各樣的製品尺寸的管，以 此等管的疲勞強度等的性能，有準備多數原管尺寸的 要。但是，因為對原管製造設備有限制而無法準備大 尺寸，因此要獲得遍及管的全要求尺寸的良好尺寸有 難。另夕卜，在汽車零件中有改變管的加工度而予以使 情況。例如檢討在某零件中減低加工度並省略加工後 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 結 寸精 0 之壁 加負 内使 有間 厚則 充分 獲得 柱塞 力口工 品質 力口加 生產 入前 提升 必 量的 困 用的 的熱 1253963 處理的情況，在其他的零件中顯著增加加工度以提高強度 而予以使用。 但是，在習知之冷拉法及旋轉鍛造壓入法中，僅進行縮 徑的加工，加工後的管外徑係由壓鑄模徑一樣來決定，壁 厚也係由壓鑄模與柱塞一樣來決定，因此從同一原管只能 獲得一樣的加工度，要從同一原管製造加工度各異的相同 尺寸的管幾乎不可能。因此，為以相同尺寸製造加工度各 異的管，必須要準備複數尺寸的原管以改變縮徑率，而於 原管製造上花費大量的時間。 如上述，在習知技術中，有難以獲得高尺寸精度管，及 在製造相同尺寸且加工度各異的管時，必須要準備複數尺 寸各異的原管的問題。 本發明者等為解決上述問題，檢討可以較引伸更高精度 尺寸製管的加工方法，獲得衝孔法為最佳候補的結論。在 衝孔的情況，如圖1 0所示，將柱塞1裝入管4，邊使柱塞 1浮動邊由壓管機3將管4壓入壓錄模2，藉以在加工刀具 内作用所有的壓縮應力。其結果，無論是加工刀具之入口 側還是出口側，管均可與柱塞及壓鑄模充分接觸。而且， 即使有輕度的縮徑率，加工刀具内仍成為壓縮應力狀態， 相較於引伸比較，管與柱塞及壓鑄模容易充分接觸，且管 也容易變得平滑而可獲得高尺寸精度管。 但是，在進行衝孔加工時，柱塞壓入阻塞於管内而增加 負載，其結果產生被壓入的原管彎曲而變得無法加工的情 況。該原因可列舉潤滑劑的塗佈量不足、原管的表面性狀 9 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 的變化、衝孔加工時之摩擦熱或加工發熱引起的柱塞及壓 鑄模的變形等，但是，為能將其安定並繼續管的衝孔，首 先必須在加工中，在現場判定該加工是否可行。 、 以往，藉由壓管機之振動音或油壓儀表的振擺等，由操 作者憑感覺進行判定，或是勉強進行加工造成壓鑄模破裂 而中斷加工，重新調整衝孔加工條件，再度進行加工。也 就是說，即使在較衝孔加工極限更為緩和的可加工狀態仍 進行條件變更，或是在成為極端嚴格的加工狀態，壓鑄模 開始破裂後再進行條件變更。因此，花費多餘的加工時間、 或頻繁進行壓鑄模交換而花費時間，招致生產性的降低。 在習知引伸中，為提升管的尺寸精度，有在引伸前對管 進行磷酸鹽處理後塗佈金屬肥皂以形成充分的潤滑膜的必 要。因此，必需花費形成潤滑膜的充分時間，另外還必需 進行酸洗等管的前處理，並必需在引伸設備列備有酸洗等 前處理用的複數槽或潤滑處理用的複數槽。另外，為進行 引伸加工，有在管前端部由旋轉型鍛造機等施以上蠟加工 的必要。但是，若將此等設備列生產線化而配置於引伸加 工裝置的入口側，則有生產性降低的大問題，因此在其他 的步驟進行潤滑處理後，送入引伸該管的生產線設備列進 行加工。 也就是說，在習知高尺寸精度管的製造設備列，係以必 定要有長的前處理步驟的引伸加工為前提，因此要提升製 造效率很困難。 在如上述之習知冷拉法或旋轉鍛造壓入法中，要獲得高 10 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 尺寸精度管很困難，另外，還有未解決的管的表面品 低的情況的課題。鑑於上述習知技術上的問題點，本 之目的在於，提供可滿足對管的廣範圍的要求尺寸， 以低成本製造，且具有充分的疲勞強度的高尺寸精度 其製造方法及以高效率生產用的製造設備列。 【發明内容】 為達成上述目的之本發明，係如下所述。 1 . 一種衝孔狀態下之高尺寸精度管，其特徵為： 係藉由施行在將柱塞裝入金屬管内的狀態下將該管 入壓鑄模的孔内使其通過的衝孔加工而製造，其外徑 差、内徑偏差、圓周方向壁厚偏差之任一或二者以上 3 · 0 %以下。 2.如1所記載之衝孔狀態下之高尺寸精度管，其特 為：係藉由施行在將柱塞裝入金屬管内的狀態下將該 入壓鑄模的孔内使其通過的衝孔加工，並使上述壓鑄 出口側的金屬管壁厚較其入口側處壁厚小而製造，其 偏差、内徑偏差、圓周方向壁厚偏差之任一或二者以 3 . 0 %以下。 3 .如1或2所記載之高尺寸精度管，其特徵為：上 孔係在管的相同剖面内，邊將金屬管全周外接於柱塞 周内接於壓鑄模邊進行者。 4.如1至3中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管，其特 為：上述壓鑄模係一體型及/或固定型壓鑄模。 5 . —種高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其特徵為：進行 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 質降 發明 並可 管、 壓 偏 在 徵 管壓 模的 外徑 上在 述衝 且全 徵 在將 11 1253963 柱塞裝入金屬管内的狀態下將該金屬管壓入壓鑄模的孔内 使其通過的衝孔。 6 .如5所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其特徵為： 上述壓鑄模的出口側的金屬管壁厚係設為同管入口側處的 壁厚以下。 7 .如5或6所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其特徵 為：上述衝孔係在管的相同剖面内，邊將金屬管全周外接 於柱塞且全周内接於壓鑄模邊進行者。 8. 如第5至7中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方 法，其特徵為··上述壓鑄模係一體型及/或固定型壓鍚模。 9. 如第5至8中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方 法，其特徵為：上述柱塞係浮動柱塞（f 1 〇 a t i n g p 1 u g )。 10. —種高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，其特徵為： 在5中，在藉由衝孔加工以使管之外徑偏差、内徑偏差、 圓周方向壁厚偏差之任一種或二種以上提升而作為高尺寸 精度管時，邊將柱塞裝入管内使其浮動，邊由壓鑄模入口 側之管送入機構連續將管送入壓鑄模内。 11. 如10所記載之高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，其 特徵為：上述管送入機構係抓住加工前之管的履帶。 12. 如10所記載之高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，其 特徵為：上述管送入機構係抵壓加工前之管的無端環帶。 13. 如10所記載之高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，其 特徵為：上述管送入機構係抓住加工前之管並交錯間歇送 入的間歇送入機。 12 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 2 3 .如2 2所記載之表面品質良好之高尺寸精度管之製造 方法，其特徵為：將上述乾燥性樹脂、或以溶劑稀釋該乾 燥性樹脂而成的溶液、或該乾燥性樹脂的乳化液塗佈於管 上後，吹以溫熱風或風乾，以形成上述潤滑被膜。 24. —種高尺寸精度管之製造方法，係在5中，從相同 尺寸之原管以高尺寸精度製造加工度各異之一定尺寸的管 者，其特徵為：將可使管擴徑及縮徑之柱塞裝入管内，在 壓鑄模進行管的衝孔。 2 5.如2 4所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其特徵 為··使上述柱塞在管内浮動，並連續將管供給壓鑄模。 26. 如24或25所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其 特徵為：上述柱塞係為將其擴管部分之錐面角度設為未滿 縮徑部分之錐面角度。 27. 如24至26項中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製 造方法，其特徵為：上述柱塞之出口側之管的目標外徑係 設為未滿同管入口側之管的外徑。 28. —種高尺寸精度管之安定製造方法，其特徵為： 在5中，在藉由將内部裝入柱塞之管壓入壓鑄模的孔内 使其通過的衝孔加工製造高尺寸精度管的過程，上述柱塞 係使用其縮徑部分之表面與加工中心軸形成5〜4 0度的角 度、同縮徑部分之長度為設為5〜100mm的柱塞，上述壓鑄 模係使用其入口側之孔内面與加工中心軸形成5〜4 0度的 角度的壓鎢模。 2 9 .如2 8所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定製造方法，其特 14 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 徵為：上述柱塞之軸承部分的長度為5〜200mm。 30. 如28或29所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定製造方 法，其特徵為：上述壓鑄模的出口側的管壁厚係設為同管 入口側處的管壁厚以下。 31. 如28至30中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定 製造方法，其特徵為：上述壓鑄模係使用一體型固定壓鑄 模。 32. 如28至31中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定 製造方法，其特徵為：使上述柱塞在管内浮動。 33. —種高尺寸精度管之安定製造方法，係在5中，邊 將柱塞裝入管内使其浮動，邊進行將該管壓入壓鑄模使其 通過的衝孔加工者，其特徵為： 在該衝孔加工中，測定衝孔加工方向的負載，並比較該 測定負載及自屬加工前之管的原管的材料特性而由下述 [式1 ]〜[式3 ]的任一式所算出的計算負載，並根據該結果 來判定可否繼續進行衝孔加工。 [式1 ] σ k X原管剖面積 其中，ak = YSx(l — axX)，λ = (L / /~ n)/k5 a = 0.00185 〜 0 . 0 1 5 5，L :原管長度，k :剖面二次半徑，k2 = ( d !2 + d 22) / 1 6， η :管端狀態（η = 0 · 2 5〜4 )，d】··原管外徑，d 2 :原管内徑， YS :原管的屈服強度 [式2 ] 原管的屈服強度Y S X原管剖面積 [式3 ] 原管的拉伸強度TSx原管剖面積 34. 如33所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定製造方法，其特 15 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 徵為：在上述測定負載為上述計算負載以下的情況，判斷 為可繼續而維持加工，另一方面，在上述測定負載超過上 述計算負載的情況，判斷為不可繼續而中斷加工，在將壓 鑄模及/或柱塞交換為對應相同製品管尺寸之其他形狀者 後，再開始加工。 35. 如34所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定製造方法，其特 徵為：上述交換後所使用之壓鑄模及/或柱塞，其壓鑄模及 柱塞之角度係設為較交換前小。 36. 如33至35中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之安定 製造方法，其特徵為：在衝孔加工前，於原管上塗佈潤滑 劑，且僅在上述測定負載超過上述計算負載的情況，改變 上述潤滑劑之種類。 37. —種高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵為： 具有柱塞，可接觸於金屬管之内面全周；壓鑄模， 具有可接觸於同管之外面全周的孔；及壓管機，用以 壓入同管，並構成為可實行在將柱塞裝入金屬管内的 狀態下由上述壓管機進行將該金屬管壓入壓鑄模的 孔内使其通過的衝孔。 38. 如37所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵 為：上述壓鑄模係一體型及/或固定型壓鑄模。 39. 如37或38所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其 特徵為：上述柱塞係浮動柱塞。 40. 如37至39中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 裝置，其特徵為：上述壓管機係連續壓入上述管者。 16 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 41. 如 37至 39中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之 製造裝置，其特徵為：上述壓管機係間歇壓入上述管 者。 42. —種高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，係在37 中，邊將柱塞裝入管内使其浮動，邊進行將該管連續 或斷續地壓入壓鑄模使其通過的衝孔加工者，其特徵 為： 在同一圓周上排列孔模各異之複數的壓鑄模，對應製品 尺寸使此等壓鎢模中任一個沿排列之圓周方向移動而配置 於通過線上並使用於衝孔。 43. —種高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方法，係在37中， 邊將柱塞裝入管内使其浮動，邊進行將該管連續或斷續地 壓入壓鑄模使其通過的衝孔加工者，其特徵為： 在同一直線上排列孔模各異之複數的壓鑄模，對應製品 尺寸使此等壓鑄模中任一個沿排列之直線方向移動而配置 於通過線上用於衝孔。 44. 如42或43所記載之高尺寸精度管之高效率製造方 法，其特徵為：在以前管與次管變更製品尺寸時，在前管 之衝孔結束後，使次管停於壓鑄模入口側，並在對應次管 之製品尺寸的壓鑄模的移動前後或移動中，將對應同製品 尺寸的枉塞裝入次管内。 45. —種高尺寸精度管之高效率製造裝置，其係在37 中，具有通過管之壓鑄模；壓管機，將管壓入通過線内的 壓鑄模内；及壓鑄模旋轉台，以在同一圓周線上排列複數 17 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 壓鑄模的形式所支持，並沿該圓周方向搬送而將其中任一 壓鑄模配置於通過線内。 46. —種高尺寸精度管之高效率製造裝置，其係在37 中，具有通過管之壓鑄模；壓管機，將管壓入通過線内的 壓鑄模内；及壓鑄模直行台，以在同一直線上排列複數壓 鑄模的形式所支持，並沿該直線方向搬送而將其中任一壓 鑄模配置於通過線内。 4 7. —種高尺寸精度管之製造方法，係在5中，邊將柱 塞裝入管内使其浮動，邊進行將該管壓入壓鑄模使其通過 的衝孔加工者，其特徵為： 在配設於接近上述壓鑄模出口側處，預先調整與通管方 向垂直的平面内位置的孔模内使上述壓鑄模出口側的管通 過，以防止管的彎曲。 48. 如47所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其特徵 為：使上述壓鑄模入口側及/或上述孔模出口側之管通過導 引筒。 49. 如47或48所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造方法，其 特徵為：使管連續而壓入壓鑄模内。 50. —種高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其係在37中，具有 通過管之壓鑄模；及壓管機，將管壓入通過線内的壓鑄模 内，其特徵為： 在最接近上述壓鑄模出口側處，配設有管彎曲微調機 構，其具有通過管之孔模；支持基板，支持該孔模以使其 可在與通管方向垂直的平面内移動；及孔模移動機構，由 18 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 該支持基板所支持，用以移動上述孔模。 5 1 .如5 0所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵 為：上述孔模移動機構係透過沿通管方向移動的楔狀模具 的錐面，沿與通管方向垂直的方向按壓孔模外周部的一處 或2處以上。 5 2 .如5 1所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵 為：上述楔狀模具係利用彈簧的作用力而移動。 53. 如50所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵 為：上述孔模移動機構係直接沿與通管方向垂直的方向按 壓或牽引孔模外周部的一處或2處以上。 54. 如53所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造裝置，其特徵 為：上述按壓或牽引方式之按壓或牽引，係利用流體壓汽 缸的作用。 55. 如50至54中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 裝置，其特徵為：上述孔模的孔徑係大於上述壓鑄模之出 口孑L徑。 56. 如50至55中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 裝置，其特徵為：上述孔模的孔係為直孔或錐孔。 57. 如50至56中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 裝置，其特徵為：進一步具有通過上述壓鑄模入口側及/ 或上述管彎曲微調機構出口側的管的導引筒。 58. 如50至57中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 裝置，其特徵為：上述壓入機係可使管連續壓入的連續壓 入機。 19 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 5 9 . —種高尺寸精度管之製造設備列，係具有3 7所記 載之衝孔加工裝置者，其特徵為： 依序配置沿與管軸方向垂直的方向研削管的端面的管 端面研削裝置；將潤滑劑浸潰塗佈於管上的潤滑劑浸潰塗 佈槽；使塗佈有潤滑劑之管乾燥的乾燥裝置；及上述衝孔 加工裝置。 6 0 .如5 9所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造設備列，其特徵 為：進一步將用以把管切割為短管之切割裝置配置於上述 管端面研削裝置的入口側。 6 1 .如5 9或6 0所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造設備列， 其特徵為：取代上述潤滑劑浸潰塗佈槽及上述乾燥裝置， 在上述衝孔加工裝置之壓鑄模入口側，配置吹塗潤滑劑於 管上的潤滑劑吹塗裝置，或吹塗潤滑劑於管上後使其乾燥 的潤滑劑吹塗乾燥裝置。 62.如59至61中任一項所記載之高尺寸精度管之製造 設備列，其特徵為：設置上述衝孔加工裝置之同時，一併 配置交換上述壓鑄模之壓鑄模交換裝置、交換上述柱塞之 柱塞交換裝置、防止上述壓鑄模出口側之管彎曲的彎曲防 止裝置中1或2者以上。 【實施方式】 在習知之冷拉法中，在使用壓鑄模及柱塞來引伸金屬管 的情況，要提升管的尺寸精度有困難。其理由是因為引伸 力作為張力而進行作用，造成在加工刀具内的壓鑄模與管 外面及柱塞與管内面的接觸變得不充足的緣故。如圖2所 20 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 示，將柱塞 5裝入管 4内並從壓鑄模2之孔引伸管4， 因為在壓鑄模 2出口側所施力〇的引伸力 1 0，在加工 刀具内部產生拉伸應力，使得從力口工刀具之入口側向 出口側，在管的内外面產生的凹凸增加。另外，在加 工刀具内之入口側，管内面沿著柱塞 5變形而造成管 外面無接觸或僅輕微接觸。在加工刀具内之出口側， 管外面接觸於壓鑄模 2而發生變形，因此造成管内面 無接觸或僅輕微接觸。因此，存在有於管的内外面均 可自由變形的部分，無法將凹凸充分平滑化，引伸後 所獲得之管的尺寸精度降低。 相較於此，在本發明之衝孔法中，如圖1所示，將柱塞 5裝入管4内並從壓錄模2之孔壓入管4而使其通過。藉 由在壓鑄模入口側所施加的壓入力1 1，在加工刀具内部全 面作用壓縮應力。其結果，無論是在加工刀具之入口側或 出口側，管4均可在相同剖面内將柱塞5及壓鑄模2完全 接觸於圓周方向全域。而且，即使為輕微的縮徑率，加工 刀具内部仍成為壓縮應力，因此與引伸比較，可在相同剖 面内將管與柱塞、管與壓鑄模完全接觸於圓周方向全域。 因此容易使管平滑化，而可獲得高尺寸精度管。 其結果，若比較此等管的疲勞強度，藉由衝孔所製造的 管較習知之引伸所製造的管更可獲得目標所需的充分疲勞 強度。另外，在衝孔的情況，即使縮徑率小，管内外面之 平滑化仍可達成，因此相較於引伸的情況，加工歪斜不會 增大，故而縮徑後之熱處理負荷也輕，且製造成本降低。 326\總檔\93\93109912\93109912(替換)-1 94 |〇 9 8 21 1253963 在使用圖3所示之習知旋轉型鍛造機8的壓入中，使用 沿圓周方向分割一體型者的分割壓鑄模9，並使壓鑄模於 12方向搖動進行加工，因此產生段差而無法令壁厚精度足 夠良好，相對於此，本發明中，完全不會產生如此之段差， 其結果，管的内外面均可平滑化，可獲得充分的疲勞強度。 本發明中，例如也可將壓鑄模設為一體型壓鑄模而消除段 差，或作為固定型壓鑄模以防止因搖動旋轉而引起的段 差。當然，也可將壓鑄模設為一體型且固定型壓鑄模以防 止段差。 又，於本發明中，與使用習知之旋轉型鍛造機並使壓鑄 模搖動的方法比較，可將裝置構造更為簡單化，可於加工 時施加充分的負載，即使相較於壓鑄模入口側之壁厚而將 出口側之壁厚設為相同或其以下以招致負載增加，仍可進 行充分的加工，因此對廣範圍之要求尺寸，可獲得尺寸精 度良好且疲勞強度也充分的管。 以往，作為將金屬管之外徑偏差、内徑偏差、圓周 方向壁厚偏差設為 3 . 0 %以下的方法，公知係採用機 械加工（伴隨材料之部分除去的加工）的方法，但是該 方法之加工費用極大，作業效率差，另外，長尺寸且 小管徑的金屬管的加工困難。因此，要應用於汽車零 件之驅動軸等相當困難。 作為辨識經由上述機械加工所得之金屬管與本金屬管 (本發明之衝孔狀態的金屬管）的方法，在本金屬管之表面 係藉由製造的前步驟之加熱、軋製等而附著有銹皮 22 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 (scale)，相對於此，被機械加工者則除去銹皮，因此可列 舉觀察管表面狀況的方法，根據該方法便可進行辨識。 又，本金屬管與使用習知之旋轉型鍛造機並將鋼管壓入 壓鑄模進行加工的方法（例如，參照專利文獻1、2、3 )所 製造的管比較，其壁厚偏差優良數倍。也就是說，過去在 衝孔之狀態下，無法獲得外徑偏差、内徑偏差、圓周方向 壁厚偏差之任一或二者以上在3.0%以下的鋼管。 本發明中，作為其尺寸精度之指標的外徑偏差、内徑偏 差、圓周方向壁厚偏差，係以下述方式求得。 外徑（或内徑）偏差，係從微計數器（m i c r 〇 m e t e r )接觸於 管外面（或内面）並旋轉管所測定之外徑（或内徑）的圓周方 向分布資料，算出對目標外徑（或目標内徑）的最大偏差， 或是從雷射光照射於管外面（或内面）所測定之管與雷射振 動源的距離的圓周方向分布資料，算出對目標外徑（或目標 内徑）的最大偏差。或是，也可圖像解析管的圓周方向剖 面，算出於圓周方向與正圓的偏差，藉以算出外徑（或内徑） 偏差。 圓周方向壁厚偏差係作為上述外徑的圓周方向分布資 料與上述内徑的圓周方向分布資料的差予以算出，或是圖 像解析管的圓周方向剖面，從壁厚剖面之圖像直接測定對 目標壁厚的最大偏差。 另外，測定係從管的前、後端部除去1 5 0 m m的任意位置， 以1 0 m m以下的間距所進行，藉由1 0點以上之測定點的值 所求得。 23 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 也就是說，外徑偏差、内徑偏差及壁厚偏差（=圓周方向 壁厚偏差），係定義如下。 外徑偏差：（最大外徑一最小外徑）/目標外徑（或平均外 徑）X 1 0 0 ( % ) 内徑偏差：（最大内徑一最小内徑）/目標内徑（或平均内 徑）X 1 0 0 (%) 壁厚偏差：（最大壁厚一最小壁厚）/目標壁厚（或平均壁 厚）X10 0 (%) 本發明之高尺寸精度管，係上述三個尺寸精度指標之一 或二者以上成為3. 0 %以下的金屬管，因此可應用於要求為 3 . 0 %以下的高尺寸精度的汽車用驅動系統零件等的金屬 管。 另外，在圖3 A、圖3 B所示之習知旋轉型鍛造壓入法中， 係將壓鑄模9作為分割物並且使其於1 2方向搖動，因此， 成為壓鑄模分割引起的段差、或起因於高應力下的沿圓周 方向各異的壓鑄模剛性的不均勻變形的原因，無法製成圓 周方向壁厚偏差充分良好的管。 與此比較，在本發明之衝孔中，壓鑄模為一體物而無使 其劇烈搖動的必要，因此不會發生不均勻變形，其結果可 使管内面、管外面均平滑化。 又，在習知之旋轉型鍛造壓入法中，必須連動壓鑄模9 於1 2方向的搖動而送入管4，因此，因壓鑄模之衝擊負載 限度的緣故而無法將搖動速度提升為一定值以上，其加工 功效率低。另外，在習知之引伸方法中，有強力夾住管的 24 326\總檔\93\93109912\93109912(替換)-1 94。10. 2 8 1253963 前端而施加張力的必要，因此必須減窄管的前端來引伸 管，必須單次地進行加工，使得加工效率顯著降低。 相對於此，本發明係衝孔加工且使柱塞成為浮動，因此 使用管送入機構3，從壓鑄模入口側將壓入力1 1作用於管 上，便可連續送入壓鑄模内。與習知之方法比較，可大幅 提高加工效率。又，在此所謂之「連續送入」，係如圖1 所示，意指將某管4與其次之管4無間斷地送入的情況， 沿使管體通過的方向移動管體的型態，也可為連續移動或 將停止時間設為最小限度的間歇移動。 作為管送入機構3之較佳例，可列舉抓住加工前之管4 的履帶1 3 (將抓住管的小片繫接成為無限軌道狀者；參照 圖5 )、抵壓加工前之管4的無端環帶1 4 (參照圖6 )、抓住 加工前之管且交錯地間歇送入的間歇送入機1 5 (參照圖 7)、依序抵壓加工前之管之壓力機（省略圖示）、夾住加工 前之管的孔模輥子1 6 (參照圖8 )等。亦可組合此等1種或 2種以上來構成管送入機構3。 管送入機構係藉由管之尺寸（管徑、長度、壁厚）、衝孔 管所必要之力、對衝孔後之管所要求的長度等而適當選 擇，但防止挾持或抵壓管時之瑕疵，同時確保必要的衝孔 力之事項也很重要。 又，在由孔模輥子夾住加工前之管的情況，若採用使用 2輥以上的孔模輥子的形態、及/或將孔模輥子設置2台以 上的形態，則可在管上不產生瑕疵而容易確保衝孔力，因 此較為理想。 25 326\總檔\93\93109912\93109912(替換)-1 94 10. 2 8 1253963 另外，若使柱塞浮動，即使與壓鑄模及柱塞的角度、壓 鑄模及柱塞表面的潤滑等有複雜相關性的衝孔條件發生變 動，因為柱塞始終安定地存在於施加有壓縮應力的位置， 因此可安定並獲得良好的尺寸精度。 另外，在高尺寸精度管之製造過程，若將柱塞外面與管 内面、壓鑄模内面與管外面之間潤滑，則在加工中不會在 管表面產生燒接等的瑕疵，因此可製造表面品質良好的 管。又，因為藉由潤滑以減低摩擦力，因此可減低加工所 必要的負載，而可減少加工能量，提升生產效率。 本發明者等檢討種種的潤滑方法的結果，發現以下的方 法，並作為本發明之要件。也就是說，在管的内面、外面 的任一方或兩方預先形成潤滑被膜後進行衝孔。作為用於 潤滑被膜之形成的潤滑劑，可使用液體潤滑劑、滑脂系潤 滑劑、乾燥性樹脂中任一者。液體潤滑劑可列舉礦物油、 合成酯、動植物油脂及於此等中混合有添加劑者等。滑脂 系潤滑劑可列舉L i系滑脂潤滑劑、N a系滑脂潤滑劑、及 於此等中含有二硫化鉬等的添加劑者等。乾燥性樹脂可列 舉聚丙烯系樹脂、環氧系樹脂、聚乙烯系樹脂、聚酯系樹 脂等。 使用上述樹脂形成潤滑被膜的方法，係將上述樹脂、或 由溶劑稀釋上述樹脂而成的溶液、或上述樹脂的乳化液塗 佈於管上。然後，最好為吹以溫熱風使其乾燥或風乾的方 法。作為稀釋上述樹脂之溶劑，可列舉醚類、酮類、芳香 族系烴、直鏈系·側鏈系烴等。作為獲得上述樹脂之乳化 26 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 液用的分散媒，可列舉水、醇類、此等的混合物等。 又，為製造效率良好的高尺寸精度管，可在未除去氧化 銹的狀態直接加工直接以電縫焊接熱軋鋼板的電縫鋼管、 或直接以爐加熱後的狀態的無縫鋼管等，另外，若如此般 處理的話可減低處理成本。 在習知之冷拉法及旋轉鍛造壓入法中，僅進行縮徑的加 工。其從同一尺寸的原管只能獲得一樣的加工度，要製造 加工度各異的相同外徑的管幾乎不可能。相對於此，如圖 1所示，本發明係於柱塞1設置使管4擴管之擴管部分1 A 及在與壓鑄模2的協力下使上述被擴管之管4縮徑的縮徑 部分1 B。藉此，使用相同尺寸之原管可製造加工度各異的 一定尺寸的管。這是因為即使將原管及衝孔加工後之管的 尺寸分別設為一定，僅藉由加減柱塞的擴管部分的，擴管 率，柱塞的縮徑部分的縮徑率也必然增加，其結果，所獲 得之管的加工度也成為不同。 擴管率=1— D0/D1 縮徑率=1— D2/D1 其中 D 0 :原管的外徑 D1 :擴管後之目標外徑 D2 :縮徑後之目標外徑 另外，本發明中，從提高製造效率的觀點考慮，最好不 斷地連續將管供給壓鑄模。該情況，若柱塞為由壓鑄模入 口側或出口側所支持，則用於該支持的桿或鋼絲等的機構 27 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 將成為障礙，要連續供給管有困難。因此，最好使柱塞在 管内浮動。 另外，為安定實施本發明之衝孔，有在加工中使柱塞安 定化的必要。也就是說，必須不從相對壓鑄模的合適位置 移位。針對該點也作了檢討。柱塞係藉由擴管及縮徑而受 到來自管的面壓。並且，已知若將縮徑側之面壓設為較擴 徑側者大，則可實現柱塞的安定化。為了將縮徑側之面壓 設為較擴徑側者大，其中一方法係如圖9所示，將柱塞1 之擴徑部分1 A的錐面角度0 A設為未滿縮徑部分1 B的錐 面角度0B的方法很有效。在此，柱塞部分之錐面角度， 係指該部分的表面與平行於沿管的行進方向的柱塞中心軸 的直線17所成的角度。又，最好0Α = Ο·3〜35度，0B = 3 〜45度。另一方法為，若將縮徑率設為較擴管率大即可， 因此若將壓鑄模之出口側的管外徑設為較入口側之管外徑 小，便很有效。 本發明中，因為可使用一體型固定之壓鑄模，因此完全 不會產生壓鑄模分割所引起的段差或圓周方向的不均勻變 形。其結果可將管内面及管外面均平滑化。另外，藉由使 用一體型固定之壓鑄模，於加工時可施加充分的負載。藉 由將壓鑄模出口側之壁厚設為與同模入口側相同或較其 小，即使增加負載仍可充分加工。其結果可獲得尺寸精度 良好的管。從一個原管尺寸擴大可製造的製品管尺寸的範 圍。 此外，為安定進行衝孔加工，有使用滿足由發明者等所 28 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 發現的要件的柱塞及壓鑄模的必要。該要件係柱塞之縮徑 部分表面與加工中心軸所成角度（：柱塞縮徑部角度）為5 〜4 0度，同部分之長度（：柱塞縮徑部長度）為5〜1 0 0 mm， 且，壓鑄模之入口側之孔内面與加工中心軸所成角度（：壓 鑄模角度）為5〜4 0度。更且，最好柱塞之軸承部分的長度 (:柱塞軸承部長度）為5〜2 0 0 m m。在此，加工中心軸係指 在柱塞中垂直於柱塞之直徑方向剖面且通過同剖面之中心 的軸，及在壓鑄模中垂直於壓鑄模孔之直徑方向剖面且通 過同剖面之中心的軸，軸承部分係指連設於縮徑部分之最 小徑部的圓柱部分。 將柱塞與壓鑄模規定如上之理由係如下所述。 (柱塞縮徑部角度：5〜4 0度） 若柱塞縮徑部角度設為未滿5度，則有柱塞與材料（： 管）一起脫落的情況，另一方面，若柱塞縮徑部角度超過 4 0度，則有柱塞與材料阻塞於壓鑄模内而變得無法衝孔加 工的情況。 (柱塞縮徑部長度：5〜1 0 0 m m ) 若柱塞縮徑部長度設為未滿5 m πι ^則有柱基與材料一起 脫落的情況，另一方面，若柱塞縮徑部長度超過1 〇 〇 in m， 則有柱塞與材料的摩擦力增加，兩者阻塞於壓鑄模内而變 得無法衝孔加工的情況。 (壓鑄模角度：5〜40度） 若壓每模角度設為未滿5度’則有在柱塞進入材料的狀 態下與材料一起脫落的情況，另一方面，若壓鑄模角度超 29 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 過4 0度，則有柱塞與材料阻塞於壓鑄模内而變得無 加工的情況。 (柱塞轴承部長度：5〜200mm) 藉由與縮徑部分關聯之材料及來自壓鑄模的反力 塞作用以從壓鑄模入口側脫落的力，但有平衡於此 將柱塞壓出於壓鑄模出口側的力以使柱塞安定化的 在此，以在柱塞設置軸承部而利用作用於其表面的 為佳。在本發明者等的檢討中，為使該摩擦力可達 塞的充分的安定化，可將柱塞軸承部長度設為5〜 在柱塞軸承部長度未滿5 mm時，則壓出柱塞之摩擦 足，柱塞容易被材料及壓鑄模的反力壓回壓鑄模入 另一方面，若柱塞軸承部長度超過2 0 0 m m，則摩擦乂 柱塞容易被壓出壓鑄模側，兩者均將造成柱塞的位 定。 另外，本發明中，藉由使柱塞浮動，即使與壓鑄 塞的角度、此等表面的潤滑等有複雜相關性的衝孔 生變動，仍可將柱塞放置於可獲得始終安定地存在 應力狀態的位置。另外，若將壓鑄模出口側之壁厚 口側之壁厚以下，因衝孔加工之安定性進一步提升 較佳。 在進行衝孔加工時，柱塞阻塞於管内而增加負載 果有被壓入之原管彎曲而變得不可加工的情況，因 進行安定的衝孔加工，有必要預先防止原管的彎曲 本發明者等係著眼於衝孔時的負載。也就是說，因 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 法衝孔 ，對柱 而施加 必要。 摩擦力 成對柱 2 0 0 mm 〇 力不 π側， f太大， 置不安 模及柱 條件發 之壓縮 設為入 ，故而 ，其結 此，為 。在此， 為當柱 30 1253963 塞阻塞時其衝孔加工方向的負載顯著增加，只要該負載為 某一特定值以下便可進行衝孔，而當超過該特定值時則變 得無法衝孔，只要將條件變更為適宜條件即可。在此稱該 特定值為衝孔界限負載。 因為在變得不能衝孔的情況造成所壓入的原管彎曲，因 此若從顯示管的彎曲的數式來設定衝孔界限負載，便可在 此以下的負載中穩定進行衝孔。顯示管的彎曲的數式已知 有從材料的彈性率所求得之歐依拉方程式（E u 1 e r e q u a t i ο η )，但在本發明者等之檢討中，其顯示與實際現象 不同的值而完全無法應用。在此，檢討了與此不同的種種 彎曲式的結果，發現如下之式4可最好地表示實際的現象。 [式4 ] σ k X原管剖面積 其中 ’ cjk = YSx(l — a χ λ ) λ=(ί/νΛ n)/k a = (Κ 0 0 1 8 5 〜0 · 0 1 5 5 L :原管長度 k :剖面二次半徑 k2 = (di2 + d22)/16 η :管端狀態（η = 0 . 2 5〜4 ) d 1 :原管外徑 d 2 :原管内徑 YS :原管的屈服強度 為可安定地進行衝孔，在測定之衝孔方向的負載（測定 負載）未超過式4的值（計算負、載）的情況，只要繼續進行衝 31 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 孔即可，而若在超過的情況則暫時中斷衝孔，變更條件後 再開始衝孔即可。 在認為式4略為複雜，而想更為簡易地判定的情況，可 使用將式4簡化的如下的式5。 [式5 ] 原管的屈服強度Y S X原管剖面積 相較於式4，式5雖將衝孔界限負載放大顯示至最大為 1 0 %左右，本發明者等已把握其可簡易且充分進行判定。 另夕卜，在衝孔力口工相當短（例如為0 · 2 m m程度以下）的 原管的情況，或即使管略有彎曲但加快加工速度以壓鑄模 不致裂開的程度增大負載而迅速加工的情況等，也可使用 如下的式6。 [式6 ] 原管的拉伸強度T S X原管剖面積 又，上述測定負載（衝孔加工方向之實際的負載）的測定 方法，最好為由設置於衝孔加工的衝頭上的負荷單元所測 定，或使壓鑄模從架台浮起，由與該壓鑄模設為一體的負 荷單元所測定的方法。 另外，在測定負載超過式4〜6的任一者所算出的計算 負載的情況，也就是說，作為在判定為不可加工的情況的 措施，亦可暫時中斷衝孔加工，將壓鑄模及/或柱塞交換為 對應相同製品管尺寸之其他形狀者後，再開始加工。在此， 對應相同製品管尺寸之其他形狀的壓鑄模及/或柱塞，係從 同一原管加工所得者，因此可從設定為相同縮徑率者中予 以選定。 另外，作為更為安定之加工條件，根據本發明者等的檢 32 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 討，最好將用於交換後之壓鑄模及柱塞之角度（參照圖1 〇) 設為較交換前小。 另外，作為可更為安定之加工條件，只要變更塗佈於原 管的潤滑劑的種類即可。從簡便性的觀點，在利用將原管 浸漬於塗佈槽内之潤滑劑中的方法進行潤滑劑的塗佈的情 況，塗佈槽内之潤滑劑的交換等需要花費時間，因此不易 進行高頻率進行種類的更換。因此，作為潤滑劑，預先進 行實驗以選定可顯著降低衝孔加工方向的負載的性能優良 者是重點所在。 與此相比較，在本發明之衝孔加工的情況，係如圖1所 示，將柱塞1裝入管4内而將管4壓入壓鑄模2的孔内並 使其通過。在此，上述柱塞在加工刀具内部可接觸於管内 面全周，上述孔在加工刀具内部可接觸於管外面全周。藉 由在壓鑄模2的入口側所施加的壓入力1 1，在加工刀具内 部全面地作用有壓縮應力。其結果，即使在加工刀具内部 之入口側、出口側的任一側，管4均可充分接觸柱塞1及 壓鑄模2。而且，即使為輕度的縮徑率，加工刀具内部仍 成為壓縮應力，因此與引伸比較，管與柱塞、管與壓鑄模 容易充分接觸，且容易使管平滑化，可獲得高尺寸精度管。 另外，在衝孔的情況，即使縮徑率小，管内外面之平滑化 仍可達成，與引伸的情況比較，加工歪斜不會增大，因此 縮徑後之熱處理負荷也輕或可省略熱處理，降低製造成本。 在此，本發明之裝置的構成之特徵為具有：柱塞1，可接 觸於金屬管4之内面全周；壓鑄模2，具有可接觸於同管4 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93] 09912 33 1253963 之外面全周的孔；及壓管機3，用以壓入同管4，並可 在將柱塞1裝入上述管内的狀態下由壓管機3將金屬 壓入壓鑄模2的孔内使其通過的衝孔。 在使用圖3所示之習知旋轉型鍛造機8的壓入中， 沿圓周方向分割一體型者的分割壓鑄模9，並使該分 鑄模9於12方向搖動，因此產生段差或在高應力下由 周方向各異的壓鑄模剛性引起不均勻變形，因而無法 厚精度足夠良好。相對於此，在構成為可執行本發明 孔的裝置中，因為金屬管通過具有在同一剖面内接觸 外面全周的孔的壓鑄模的孔，因此，完全不會產生由 壓鑄模所產生之段差，其結果管的内外面均可平滑化 又，本發明中，壓鑄模係使用一體型固定壓鑄模。 用習知之安裝於旋轉型鍛造機之分割壓鑄模的方法比 可將裝置構造更為簡單化。可於加工時施加充分的負 即使與壓鑄模入口側之壁厚相比較將出口側之壁厚設 同或其以下而招致負載增加，仍可進行充分的加工。 範圍之製品要求尺寸中，可獲得尺寸精度顯著良好的 管。 另外，本發明中係使柱塞浮動。即使壓鑄模及柱塞 度、壓鑄模及柱塞表面的潤滑等衝孔條件發生複雜的 動，柱塞仍始終安定地存在於施加有壓縮應力的位置 此可安定獲得良好的尺寸精度。 又，在習知之引伸加工中，有必要減窄管的前端來 該部分，必須單次地進行加工。相對於此，本發明中 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 進行 管4 使用 割壓 於圓 令壁 之衝 於管 分割 〇 與使 較， 載， 為相 在廣 金屬 的角 變 〇因 引伸 ，無 34 1253963 將管的前端減窄的必要，可逐一地直接頂壓管。若使柱塞 浮動，便可連續衝孔，可顯著提高生產性。另外，在管的 長度短的情況，藉由使用進行間歇地壓入動作者作為壓管 機，可保持高生產性且可製造高尺寸精度管。又，壓管機 也可支持管的體部進行頂壓，也可抵壓管的單一端。 衝孔所必要的管，其製品尺寸係多種多樣。在衝孔中， 為變更製品之外徑尺寸，有必要準備孔模各異的壓鑄模， 以便隨每一次製品外徑尺寸的變更交換壓鑄模。又，壓鑄 模之孔模尺寸通常由徑、角度、錐面長表示。 但是，製品外徑尺寸係依最小數噸單位及每一細小批量 而不同，在其變更的過程，有拆下前面使用的壓鑄模，並 安裝下一使用的壓鑄模的必要，壓鑄模之安裝精度嚴格規 定為± 0 . 1 m m單位，因此需要花費大量的時間及勞力。 為削減該壓鑄模交換用的時間及勞力，本發明者等發現 只要準備對應製品之外徑尺寸的種種各異的孔模的壓鑄 模，並將此等排列，依序反覆進行交換即可。 在將柱塞裝入管内使其浮動，並連續或斷續將上述管壓 入壓鑄模内以進行使其通過的衝孔加工的高尺寸精度管之 製造方法中，在同一圓周上排列孔模各異的複數壓鑄模。 僅使對應作為目標之製品尺寸的孔模的壓鑄模沿排列之圓 周方向旋轉移動而配置於通過線内使用於衝孔。在次管之 目標製品尺寸與前管各異的情況，只要同樣使對應該外徑 尺寸之孔模的壓鑄模旋轉移動，而配置於通過線内使用於 衝孔即可。 35 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 其中之一，係如圖1 1所示，以將通過管4之壓鑄模2 ; 將管4壓入通過線内的壓鑄模2内之壓管機3;及複數的 壓鑄模2、2 0、…2 0排列於相同圓周上的形式所支持，並 沿圓周方向搬運。只要使用具有將任一個的壓鑄模2配置 於通過線内的壓鑄模旋轉台1 9的裝置即可容易實施。 另外，另一個方法係將孔模各異的複數壓鑄模排列於同 一直線上，使此等壓鑄模中任一個對應製品尺寸而沿排列 之直線方向移動，配置於通過線内使用於衝孔即可。 其係如圖1 2所示，以將通過管4之壓鑄模2 ;將管4壓 入通過線内的壓鑄模2内之壓管機3;及複數的壓鑄模2、 2 0、…2 0排列於相同直線上的形式所支持，並沿直線方向 搬運。只要使用具有將任一個的壓鑄模2配置於通過線内 的壓鑄模直行台2 3的裝置即可容易實施。 又，關於柱塞之裝入也有效率良好地進行的必要。若在 壓鑄模交換中柱塞也可容易進行交換，便可提升效率。因 為前面之加工所使用的柱塞1留存於壓鑄模内，因此與壓 鑄模交換的同時也被除去。只要將下一加工所需要的柱塞 22在壓鑄模之交換中裝入管内即可。 因此在上述本發明方法之第1、第2的任一方法中，在 前管與次管變更製品尺寸時，最好在前管之衝孔結束後， 使次管停於壓鑄模入口側。最好在對應次管之製品尺寸的 壓鑄模的移動前後或移動中，將對應同製品尺寸的柱塞2 2 裝入次管内。藉此，除了壓鑄模外，柱塞亦可效率良好地 交換。 36 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 當進行衝孔加工時，壓鑄模出口側之管容易彎曲。當管 彎曲時該管即無法成為製品，因此以管不會彎曲的方式進 行加工的技術成為必要。在習知之引伸中，因為夾住壓鑄 模出口側之管的前端並一根根地邊施加張力邊加工，因此 加工效率低，但管被導引向引伸方向，因而不易彎曲。但 是，在衝孔加工的情況，壓鑄模出口側之管的可自由移動， 根據壓鑄模的加工精度、加工前之管的壁厚精度或表面狀 態、壓鑄模與柱塞的潤滑不均勻狀態等的情況，管容易彎 曲。因此，強烈要求有防止壓鑄模出口側的管的彎曲的技 術。 在此，本發明者等針對衝孔後之管的彎曲，進行了在壓 鑄模的入口側、出口側設置導引筒以使管通過此導引筒而 導引的實驗。若於壓鑄模的入口侧、出口側的任一方設置 導引筒，則管變得不易彎曲，若於兩方均設置導引筒則更 不易彎曲，另外，導引筒的位置越接近壓鑄模出口越不易 彎曲。 因此，可將導引筒設於壓鑄模的入口侧及出口側的極附 近處。也就是說，也可在壓鑄模出口側且極接近於壓鑄模 處設置。但是，發現根據管的彎曲方向有無法充分防止彎 曲的情況。為與管的彎曲方向無關地充分防止彎曲，有將 管外面與導引筒内面的間隙設為幾乎為零的必要。但是若 如此的話，發現具有管太過接觸於導引筒而產生瑕疵，或 是衝孔力顯著增大的問題。 本發明者等掌握到管的彎曲係在最靠近壓鑄模出口側 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 37 1253963 處即開始發生。也就是說，因為壓鑄模之加工精度、加工 前的管的壁厚精度或表面狀態、壓鑄模及柱塞的潤滑不均 勻狀態等，在管上產生有殘留應力，在最靠近壓鑄模出口 側處，該殘留應力被急遽解放而容易產生彎曲。在此，若 在最靠近壓鑄模出口側處設置可微調管的彎曲方向的機 構，便可充分防止管的彎曲。 本發明者等經過深入檢討的結果，在最靠近壓鑄模出口 側處配設管彎曲微調機構，其具有：通過管之孔模；支持基 板，支持該孔模以使其可在與通管方向垂直的平面内移 動；及孔模移動機構，由該支持基板所支持，用以移動上 述孔模。藉由使用上述孔模移動機構而在上述支持基板面 内微小移動，藉由預先微調整在與通管方向垂直的平面内 位置的上述孔模内使上述壓鑄模出口側之管通過，即可充 分防止管的彎曲。 為微調整孔模位置，例如，在實際生產前使用複數虛設 管，進行改變數點之孔模位置的衝孔加工實驗以測定管的 彎曲，求得孔模位置的變量與衝孔後之管的彎曲變量的關 係。在實際生產時若管的彎曲似欲超過指定臨限值時，以 基於上述關係使孔模移動於彎曲變小的方位的方法較佳。 孔模移動機構係例如以螺絲透過沿通管方向移動的楔 狀模具的錐面，沿與通管方向垂直的方向按壓孔模外周部 的一處或2處以上為較佳。或是，例如由流體壓汽缸（油壓 汽缸、氣壓汽缸等）直接沿與通管方向垂直的方向按壓或牽 引孔模外周部的一處或二處以上的方式較佳。 38 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 若孔模的孔徑設為大於壓鑄模之出口孔徑，則管在衝 加工中不會在壓鑄模出口側阻塞而可圓滑加工。尤其是 若壓鑄模之出口孔徑在+ 〇 m m〜+ 3 n〗m以内，則容易進行微 整，而尤為理想。又，孔模之孔可為直孔也可為錐孔。 又，當然也可於支持基板上，在與從壓鑄模出來之管 通路交叉的位置，設置可以充分的間隙使同管通過的大 的中空部。 另外，若在壓鑄模入口側及/或管彎曲微調機構出口 側，設置使進入壓鑄模之管及/或從管彎曲微調機構出來 管通過的導引筒，管大致垂直地進入管及/或從管彎曲微 機構大致垂直地壓出，因此可更為容易防止管的彎曲而 佳。 另外，本發明中，最好可連續送入管並壓入壓鑄模。 由連續送入管，與單次進行加工的情況比較，壓鑄模及 塞所受到的摩擦發熱或加工發熱安定，因此可進一步防 彎曲。又，在衝孔中，因為無如引伸的情況般進行使管 端把持於壓鑄模出口側的引伸機用的上蠟加工的必要， 此以利用後續管前端抵壓前管尾端的形式連續傳送，可 高生產效率。 習知之引伸的情況，為獲得高尺寸精度需要有足夠的 滑膜，為此進行有潤滑良好的磷酸鹽處理。該方法係預 將管予以酸洗除去氧化錢，再為了中和該酸而以驗洗淨 以水清洗。其後，在進行磷酸鹽處理的槽内將管浸潰於 中形成潤滑膜，接著浸潰於金屬皂的槽内形成膜，其後 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 孔 調 的 小 的 調 較 藉 柱 止 前 因 提 潤 先 後 其 以 39 1253963 熱風使管乾燥。為此，此等步驟需要數小時以上，若在進 行管的引伸的設備列組入此等步驟，會明顯阻礙生產性， 因此在其他的步驟中進行該處理。 與此相比較，若根據衝孔加工，即使減小縮徑率仍容易 獲得高尺寸精度，因此可簡單進行管的潤滑。亦即，即使 不酸洗管亦可，只要在浸潰塗佈潤滑劑後進行熱風乾燥即 可。為連續進行衝孔，管端面的直角度最為重要，需要有 研削出該直角度的研削裝置。 衝孔加工前之此等處理，以研削出管端面的直角度，浸 潰塗佈潤滑劑、乾燥的順序最為有效率。從此觀點考慮， 本發明中，係以沿垂直於管軸方向研削管的端面的管端面 研削裝置、於管上浸潰塗佈潤滑劑的潤滑劑浸潰塗佈槽、 使塗佈有潤滑劑之管乾燥的乾燥裝置的順序，將此等配置 於衝孔加工裝置的入口側的設備列，因此可效率良好地製 造高尺寸精度管。 另外，管端面的直角度研削係在將管切割為短管後立即 進行，因為更為有效率，因此本發明之設備列最好在上述 管端面研削裝置的入口側配置將管切割為短管用的切斷裝 置。 另外，潤滑劑只要為適用藉由乾燥可容易形成膜者即 可，作為在衝孔加工裝置的入口側浸潰塗佈後再進行乾燥 的替代，也可在衝孔加工裝置内的壓鑄模入口側極近處吹 塗後再進行乾燥，或是，若要潤滑性更為良好，也可省略 乾燥而在濕潤的狀態進行管的衝孔加工。因此，本發明之 40 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 設備列也可取代上述潤滑劑浸漬塗佈槽及上述乾燥裝 在上述衝孔加工裝置的壓鑄模入口側，配置吹塗潤滑 管上的潤滑劑吹塗裝置或吹塗潤滑劑於管上後使之乾 潤滑劑吹塗乾燥裝置。 另外，為了進一步提高衝孔加工的效率，最好設為 鑄模、柱塞可在生產線上容易交換，並且在壓鑄模出 無管的彎曲。從此等觀點考慮，本發明之設備列中， 在設置上述衝孔加工裝置之同時，一併配置交換上述 模之壓鑄模交換裝置、交換上述柱塞之柱塞交換裝置 止上述壓鑄模出口側之管彎曲的彎曲防止裝置中1或 以上的裝置。 壓鑄模（或柱塞）交換裝置最好以使用順序配置並保 複數尺寸（及/或形狀）各異的壓鑄模（或柱塞），為可依 覆移送配置於指定的通管線内位置的構成。彎曲防止 最好為使用具有管的通孔的活動碟盤等，可對最接近 模出口側的管作用與欲使上述管彎曲的方向相反方向 的構成。 又，無論是以往使用的引伸還是本發明中使用的衝 在加工後要求進行表面酸洗的管的情況很多，因此可 他的步驟進行酸洗後再出貨。引伸的情況，在進行加 之磷酸鹽處理時，為形成潤滑劑牢固的膜，有酸洗原 必要，又，在引伸加工後為除去潤滑劑，有再度進行 的必要，因此必須進行2次的酸洗。與此比較，在衝 工的情況，簡單進行加工前之潤滑處理即可，且在附 312/發明說明書(補件)/93_06/93109912 置， 劑於 燥的 使壓 口側 最好 壓鑄 、防 2個 持 序反 裝置 壓鑄 的力 孔， 在其 工前 管的 酸洗 孔加 有氧 41 1253963 化銹的狀態亦可，因此可將潤滑處理生產線化組入設備 列，而可組成廉價且效率良好的設備列。 (實施例1 ) 以下，以實施例為例具體說明本發明。 實施例1 . 1中，對外徑4 0 ni m X壁厚6 m m的鋼管進行圖1 所示形態的衝孔加工。在此，使用接觸於管内面的面被加 工為鏡面的柱塞，及一體型固定壓鑄模且接觸於管外面的 面被加工為鏡面的壓鑄模。柱塞係一端固定裝入管内。加 工條件係設為出口側壁厚=入口側壁厚、縮徑率=1 0 %。 實施例1 . 2中，係以在實施例1 . 1中除縮徑率=5 %以外 其餘均相同的條件進行加工。 實施例1 . 3中，係以在實施例1 . 2中除使柱塞浮動以外 其餘均相同的條件進行加工。 另外，作為比較例1，係以在實施例1 . 2中除取代圖1 所示形態的衝孔加工而改為圖2所示形態的引伸加工，且 出口側板厚 < 入口侧板厚以外其餘均相同的條件進行加 工 ° 另外，作為比較例2，係以在實施例1 . 2中除取代一體 型固定壓鑄模，使用將圖3所示形態的分割壓鑄模組入旋 轉型鍛造機並使其搖動，且取代衝孔加工而改為壓入以外 其餘均相同的條件進行加工。 另外，作為比較例3係以在比較例2中除加工條件設為 出口側壁厚=入口側壁厚+ 1 ni m (二7 m m )以外其餘均相同的條 件進行加工。 42 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 關於縮徑加工後之此等鋼管，在求得上述三尺寸精度指 標之同時，對此等鋼管進行疲勞試驗。表1顯示該結果。 又，表1所示外徑及内徑偏差，係藉由使用上述雷射光 測定所求得，從此等測定資料之圓周方向分布的差，求得 同表的圓周方向壁厚偏差。 另外，表1所示之疲勞試驗的耐久界限次數，如圖4所 示，係指在利用一定應力條件下求得直到產生龜裂為止的 重複次數（亦即，耐久次數）的試驗中進行應力等級的種種 改變，而將應力與耐久次數的關係圖式化的圖中，從隨著 耐久次數的增加而應力減少的傾向至開始成為大致一定的 彎曲點的耐久次數，該值越大則疲勞強度越是良好。亦即， 該例的情況，應力約為1 5 Ο Μ P a的耐久次數。 參照表1，實施例1 . 1〜實施例1 . 3之製品管，其尺寸 精度顯著良好，且疲勞強度也最為良好，尤其是若使柱塞 浮動則可使尺寸精度更為良好（實施例1 . 3 )。相對於此， 在習知之引伸中，製品管之尺寸精度降低，結果疲勞強度 也顯著降低（比較例1 )。即使在使用旋轉型鍛造機之壓入 中，其製品管之尺寸精度也降低（比較例2 )，若增加壁厚 則進一步降低（比較例3 )，因此無法獲得充分的疲勞強度。 (實施例2 ) 作為本發明例係將φ 4 0 m m X 6 m in t X 5 . 5 m m L的鋼管作為原 管，使用鏡面的柱塞及一體型固定壓鑄模，使柱塞浮動而 裝入鋼管内，以縮徑率二5 %從壓鑄模入口側壓頂鋼管，將壓 鑄模出口側之鋼管壁厚與壓鑄模入口側同樣設為6 in m t，藉 43 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93丨09912 1253963 以進行衝孔加工。又，作為管送入機構，使用圖7所示形 態的間歇送入機，連續將管送入壓鑄模内。 另外，作為比較例1，係進行圖2所示形態的引伸。該 例中係將與上述相同的鋼管作為素材，使用同上的壓鑄模 及柱塞，將柱塞裝入鋼管内，以相同的縮徑率從壓鑄模出 口側引伸鋼管，將壓鑄模出口侧之鋼管壁厚減薄為 5 · 5 in m t 〇 另外，作為比較例2係進行圖3 A、圖3 B所示形態的旋 轉型鍛造壓入法。該例中係將與上述相同的鋼管作為素 材，取代一體型固定壓鑄模而使用採用分割壓鑄模的旋轉 型鍛造機，將同上的柱塞裝入鋼管内，以相同的縮徑率進 行旋轉型鍛造壓入，使同鍛造機出口側之鋼管壁厚增厚為 7 ni m t 〇 測定由此等各例之方法所製造的鋼管的尺寸精度（外徑 偏差、内徑偏差及圓周方向壁厚偏差），且調查加工效率。 表2顯示該結果。又，外徑偏差及内徑偏差係藉由圖像解 析管的圓周方向剖面，於圓周方向計算出正圓的偏差而求 得。又，圓周方向壁厚偏差係圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面， 從壁厚剖面的圖像作為對平均壁厚的最大偏差值而直接測 定。 根據表2，由本發明例之衝孔加工所製造的鋼管，其尺 寸精度顯著良好，且加工效率也良好。相對於此，由比較 例1之引伸加工所製造的鋼管中，尺寸精度降低。另外， 由比較例2之旋轉型鍛造壓入所製造的鋼管中，尺寸精度 44 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 也降低。引伸加工與旋轉型鍛造壓入加工之加工效率均顯 著降低。 (實施例3 ) [比較例3 . 1 ]藉由圖1所示衝孔，以如下的A條件加工表 面附有熱軋鐵錄的Φ 4 0 m m X 6 . 0 m in t χ 5 . 5 m L的電縫鋼管。 (條件A )柱塞：將鏡面的柱塞裝入管内使其浮動 壓鑄模：一體型固定壓鑄模 縮徑率：5% 壓鑄模出口側之鋼管壁厚：6.0mmt( =入口側壁厚） [本發明例3 . 1 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈液體潤滑 劑（礦物油）形成潤滑被膜後，與比較例1相同進行加工。 [本發明例3 . 2 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈滑脂系潤 滑劑（於L i系滑脂潤滑劑中添加二硫化鉬者）形成潤滑被 膜後，與比較例1相同進行加工。 [本發明例3 . 3 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈乾燥性樹 脂（聚烷基系樹脂），吹以熱風（約2 0 0 °C )進行乾燥形成潤 滑被膜後，與比較例1相同進行加工。 [本發明例3 , 4 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈以溶劑 (丙酮）稀釋乾燥性樹脂（聚烷基系樹脂）的溶液，吹以溫風 (約5 0 °C )進行乾燥形成潤滑被膜後，與比較例1相同進行 力口工 。 [本發明例3 . 5 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈將乾燥性 樹脂（聚烷基系樹脂）分散於分散媒（水）的乳化液，吹以溫 風（約7 (TC )進行乾燥形成潤滑被膜後，與比較例1相同進 45 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 行力口工。 [比較例3 . 2 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈與本發明例 1相同的液體潤滑劑形成潤滑被膜後，藉由圖2所示冷拉 法，以如下的 B條件進行力σ工。 (條件Β)柱塞、壓鑄模、縮徑率：分別與條件Α相同 壓鑄模出口側之鋼管壁厚：5 . 5 m m t ( <入口側壁 厚） [比較例3 . 3 ]將同上的鋼管在其内外兩面塗佈與本發明例 1相同的液體潤滑劑形成潤滑被膜後，藉由圖3所示旋轉 型鍛造壓入法，以如下的C條件進行加工。 (條件C)柱塞：與條件A相同 壓鑄模：分割壓鑄模 縮徑率：與條件A相同 壓鑄模出口側之鋼管壁厚：7. 0 _ t (>入口側壁厚） 關於由此等各例之方法所製造的鋼管，表3顯示測定表 面瑕疵狀態及尺寸精度（外徑偏差、内徑偏差及壁厚偏差） 的結果。又，外徑偏差及内徑偏差係藉由圖像解析管的圓 周方向剖面，於圓周方向計算出正圓的最大偏差（亦即，（最 大徑一最小徑）/正圓徑X 1 0 0 % )所求得。又，壁厚偏差係圖 像解析管的圓周方向剖面，從壁厚剖面的圖像作為對平均 壁厚的最大偏差（亦即，（最大壁厚一最小壁厚）/平均壁厚 X 1 0 0 % )而直接測定。 參照表3，在潤滑之下進行衝孔加工之各本發明例，在 加工後之鋼管表面完全未產生瑕疵，可獲得良好的表面品 46 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 質，尺寸精度也顯著良好。相對於此，在無潤滑之下進行 衝孔加工之比較例1中，加工後之鋼管表面產生瑕疯。在 潤滑下進行冷拉法加工之比較例2中，尺寸精度降低。在 潤滑下進行旋轉型鍛造壓入法加工之比較例3中，尺寸精 度降得更低。 又，本實施例中，顯示在管的内外兩面形成潤滑被膜的 所謂兩面潤滑的情況，但本發明並不侷限於此，也包含在 内面、外面的任一方形成潤滑被膜的所謂單面潤滑的情 況，該單面潤滑的情況也可在形成潤滑被膜側的面有效防 止瑕疫的產生。 (實施例4 ) [本發明例] 將φ 4 0 m m χ 6 . 0 m m t X 5 . 5 m L的鋼管作為原管，藉由概略示 於圖1之本發明（：使用可擴管及縮徑的柱塞的衝孔）將該 原管擴管，接著再縮徑加工。壓鑄模出口側之目標壁厚與 入口側同樣設為6 . 0 in m t。柱塞係鏡面加工者，並使其於管 内浮動。壓鑄模係使用將壓鑄模孔内面鏡面加工之一體型 固定壓鑄模。柱塞之擴管率、縮徑率、擴管部分及縮徑部 分的錐面角度0 A及0 B、及壓鑄模出口側（縮徑後）之管的 目標外徑D2，係依所進行之例子設定為表4所示之值。管 係連續供給壓鑄模。 [比較例A ] 藉由圖2所示之冷拉法（：僅可縮徑）縮徑加工同上的原 管。壓鑄模出口側之目標壁厚與模入口側同樣設為6 . 0 in in t 47 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 。柱塞係鏡面加工者，並使其於管内浮動。壓鑄模係使用 將壓鑄模孔内面鏡面加工之一體型固定壓鑄模。柱塞之縮 徑率及壓鑄模出口側之管的目標外徑，係依所進行之例子 設定為表4所示之值。管係連續供給壓鑄模。 [比較例B ] 藉由圖3所示之旋轉型鍛造壓入法（：僅可縮徑）縮徑加 工同上的原管。壓鑄模出口側之目標壁厚與入口側同樣設 為6. Ommt。柱塞係鏡面加工者，並使其於管内浮動。壓鑄 模係使用將壓鑄模孔内面鏡面加工之分割型壓鑄模。柱塞 之縮徑率及壓鑄模出口側之管的目標外徑，係依所進行之 例子設定為表4所示之值。管係連續供給壓鑄模。 針對由此等各例之條件所製造的鋼管，測定尺寸精度 (外徑偏差、内徑偏差及壁厚偏差）。又，外徑偏差及内徑 偏差係藉由圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面，於圓周方向計算 出正圓的最大偏差（亦即，（最大徑一最小徑）/正圓徑X 1 0 0 % )所求得。又，壁厚偏差係圖像解析管的圓周方向剖 面，從壁厚剖面的圖像作為對平均壁厚的最大偏差（亦即， (最大壁厚一最小壁厚）/平均壁厚X 1 0 0 %)而直接測定。另 外，測定剖面硬度作為加工度的指標。另外，作為判斷加 工後可否獲得一定尺寸的管用的指標，採用在上述尺寸精 度之測定的同時所求得之加工後的管平均外徑與平均壁 厚。表4顯示此等結果。 參照表4，本發明例之任一例中，加工後之尺寸精度均 顯著良好，利用變更柱塞與壓鑄模之組合，可從同一尺寸 48 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 之原管獲得一定尺寸且加工度各異的管。相對於此，比較 例中，尺寸精度降低，同時，若欲從同一尺寸之原管獲得 加工度各異的管，則無法獲得一定尺寸之外徑及壁厚。又， 在滿足0A< 0B、D2<DO之任一方或兩方之本發明之本發 明例中，在管内的柱塞的浮動狀態暫時安定。 又，擴管率 a(%) = (Dl-D0)/Dl><100 縮徑率 b(%) = (Dl — D2)/D1><100 (實施例5 ) <本發明例5 . 1〜5. 4 > 將外徑40mmx壁厚6mm的電縫鋼管作為原管，使用鏡面 的柱塞及一體型固定壓鑄模進行圖1所示之衝孔加工。表 5顯示使用之柱塞及壓鑄模的形狀條件（柱塞縮徑部角 度、柱塞縮徑部長度、柱塞軸承部長度、壓鑄模角度）。柱 塞係於管内浮動者。壓鑄模出口側之管壁厚係設為5 m m。 <比較例5 . 1〜5 · 4 > 將與本發明例相同批量之鋼管作為原管，除使用之柱塞 及壓鑄模的形狀條件與表5所示不同，其餘均與本發明例 相同進行衝孔加工試驗。 <習知例5 . 1 > 將與本發明例相同批量之鋼管作為原管，使用鏡面的柱 塞及一體型固定壓鑄模進行圖2所示冷拉法加工。表5顯 示使用之柱塞及壓鑄模的形狀條件。柱塞係於管内浮動 者。壓鑄模出口側之管壁厚係設為5 m m。 <習知例5 . 2 > 49 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 將與本發明例相同批量之鋼管作為原管，使用鏡面的柱 塞及安裝有分割壓鑄模的旋轉型鍛造機進行圖3A、圖3B 所示旋轉型鍛造壓入法加工。表5顯示使用之柱塞及壓鑄 模的形狀條件。柱塞係於管内浮動者。壓鑄模出口側之管 壁厚係增厚為7 m m。 表5顯示針對由上述各例之方法可否製造及可製造的情 況下製品管所測得的尺寸精度（壁厚偏差、内徑偏差及外徑 偏差）。在此，外徑偏差及内徑偏差係藉由圖像解析管的圓 周方向剖面，於圓周方向計算出正圓的最大偏差（亦即，（最 大徑一最小徑）/正圓徑X 1 0 0 % )所求得。又，壁厚偏差係圖 像解析管的圓周方向剖面，從壁厚剖面的圖像作為對平均 壁厚的最大偏差（亦即，（最大壁厚一最小壁厚）/平均壁厚 X 1 0 0 % )而直接測定。 根據表5，本發明例中，可安定完成衝孔加工，其製品 管之尺寸精度顯著良好。相對於此，比較例中之任一例均 無法完全成功地進行衝孔加工，而無法獲得製品管。另外， 在習知例中，加工成功之製品管的尺寸精度降低。 (實施例6 ) <實施例6 . 1 > 將0 4 0 m m X 6 m m t χ 5 . 5 in L、Y S 4 ◦ Ο Μ P a的鋼管作為原管，在 圖1 0所示形態中，進行將縮徑率設為1 3 %的衝孔加工的高 尺寸精度管的製造。在製造初期使用角度2 1度的壓鑄模、 及角度2 1度且錐面長1 1 m m的柱塞。柱塞係於管内浮動者。 在加工前之各原管上，藉由將原管浸潰於塗佈槽内之潤滑 50 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 劑中，進行潤滑劑的塗佈。潤滑劑係使用速乾性溶劑稀釋 高分子潤滑劑。 加工中藉由上述測定方法長期測定衝孔加工方向的負 載，邊比較該測定負載與上述式4所算出的計算負載，邊 進行衝孔。又，在該例之式4中，a及η的值係使用預先 進行試驗所導出的最合適值的a = 0 . 0 0 1 8 5、η = 1 (對應管端 狀態可自由旋轉的情況）。 在第複數根的原管的加工途中，因為測定負載超過計算 負載，因此判斷為無法繼續加工而中斷加工，接著如下述 變更加工條件。也就是說，將壓鑄模換為角度1 1度者，且 將柱塞換為角度1 1度、錐面長2 0 mm者。於該交換後再度 開始加工，即可順利完成剩餘複數根的原管的加工。 又，在上述交換及加工之再開始的過程，將進入此前使 用之壓鑄模的加工途中的管的壓鑄模入口側部分與壓鑄模 出口側部分切斷而予以分離，從指定的安裝位置拆下保持 在裝入此前使用之柱塞的管進入壓鑄模内側部分的狀態的 此前使用之壓鑄模後，將下一使用的壓鑄模安裝於同指定 的安裝位置，於下一加工用之同尺寸、同YS的原管裝入其 後使用之柱塞並再度開始加工。另外，上述分離之管的壓 鑄模出口側部分可用作為製品。同管之壓鑄模入口側部分 係作為廢料。 〈比較例6 . 1 > 將與實施例6 . 1相同的鋼管作為原管，在圖1 0所示形 態中，進行將縮徑率設為1 3 %的衝孔加工的高尺寸精度管 51 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 的製造。在製造初期使用角度2 1度的壓鑄模、及角度2 1 度且錐面長2 0 m m的柱塞。柱塞係於管内浮動者。在加工前 之各原管上，藉由將原管浸潰於塗佈槽内之潤滑劑中，進 行潤滑劑的塗佈。潤滑劑係使用速乾性溶劑稀釋高分子潤 滑劑。 加工中不進行衝孔加工方向的負載測定，異常時的條件 變更係由操作者的判斷來決定。 在第複數根的原管的加工途中，因為壓鑄模破裂因而中 斷加工，在將壓鑄模與柱塞換為與初期條件相同者，且將 潤滑劑塗佈槽内的潤滑劑全部交換為分子量較大的速乾性 溶劑稀釋高分子潤滑劑，然後再度進行加工部分，加工再 開時至第複數根的原管的加工途中，壓鑄模再度破裂。此 時中斷加工，更換下一加工條件。也就是說，將壓鑄模交 換為角度1 1度者，且將柱塞換為角度1 1度、錐面長2 0 m m 者。該交換後再度開始加工，即可順利完成剩餘複數根的 原管的加工。 〈比較例6 . 2 > 將與實施例6 . 1相同的鋼管作為原管，進行將縮徑率設 為1 3 %的引伸加工的高尺寸精度管的製造。在製造初期使 用角度2 1度的壓鑄模' 及角度2 1度且錐面長2 0 m m的柱 塞。柱塞係於管内浮動者。在加工前之各原管上，進行填 酸鹽處理及金屬皂的塗佈，同時，在引伸中施以必要的對 管前端的上蠟加工（該上蠟加工在衝孔加工中不需要）。 加工中不進行衝孔加工方向的負載測定，異常時的條件 52 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 變更由操作者的判斷來決定。 在第複數根的原管的加工途中，因為壓鑄模破裂因而中 斷加工，更換下一加工條件。也就是說，將壓鑄模交換為 角度1 1度者，且將柱塞換為角度1 1度、錐面長2 0 m m者。 該交換後再度開始加工，即可順利完成剩餘複數根的原管 的力口工。 關於實施例及比較例，表6顯示製品的尺寸精度的調查 結果，同時還顯示加工途中的變更條件、相對加工時間及 加工時的損失。相對加工時間係顯示由各例之加工所需要 的時間（總力。工時間/總加工數）除以比較例1的時間的 值。尺寸精度係由壁厚偏差及外徑偏差所示。此等偏差係 從圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面的資料，壁厚偏差係對於平 均壁厚的值、外徑偏差係對於正圓（目標外徑）的值而求得。 由表6明顯可知，藉由本發明可安定且效率良好地製造 高尺寸精度管。 (實施例7 ) 以下，以實施例為例進一步具體說明本發明。 實施例7. 1之裝置係如圖1般組合如下構成而得者，此 等構成包括：將接觸於管内面之面設為鏡面的入側端直徑 2 8 m m、中央部直徑3 0 m m、出口側端直徑2 8 m m的柱塞1 ;屬 一體型固定壓鑄模，且孔内面為鏡面之孔出口直徑4 0 in m 的壓鑄模2 ;及由油壓汽缸所構成，設有可以「連續壓」 與「間歇壓」的任一動作模式進行動作的模式，且可以如 此設定的動作模式對管作用壓入力的壓管機3，柱塞1係 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93〗09912 53 1253963 一端固定而裝入管内的固定柱塞。壓管機3之動作模式係 設定為「間歇壓」模式。使用該裝置進行外徑4 0 m m X壁厚 6 in in的碳鋼鋼管的衝孑L力口工，獲得外徑3 8 m ηι χ壁厚6 m m的 製品管。 實施例7. 2中，係在實施例7. 1中除取代固定式柱塞1 而使用浮動式柱塞以外其餘均相同，進行外徑4 0 m in X壁厚 6 in in的碳鋼鋼管的衝孑L力口工，獲得外徑3 8 m m X壁厚6 m m的 製品管。 實施例7. 3中，係在實施例7. 2中除將壓管機3之動作 模式設定之「間歇壓」切換為「連續壓」以外其餘均相同， 進行外徑4 0 m m χ壁厚6 m m的碳鋼鋼管的衝孔加工，獲得外 徑3 8 in m X壁厚6 m m的製品管。 另外，作為比較例1，係構成如圖1般組合而成的裝置， 此等組合構成包括：將接觸於管内面之面設為鏡面的入側 端直徑2 8 m in、中央部直徑2 8 ni in、出口側端直徑2 6 m m的柱 塞5;屬一體型固定壓鑄模，且孔内面為鏡面之孔出口直 徑3 8 m m的壓鑄模6 ;及由油壓汽缸所構成，以設為可以「間 歇牽拉」動作的動作模式對管作用牽引力的管牽引機7。 柱塞5係一端固定而裝入管内的固定柱塞。使用該裝置進 行外徑4 0 m m χ壁厚7 m m的碳鋼鋼管的引伸加工，獲得外徑 3 8 m m χ壁厚6 m m的製品管。又，比較例1中，需要有在將 鋼管前端縮小的前提下通過壓鑄模孔的步驟。 另外，作為比較例2，係在實施例7 „ 1中除取代柱塞1 而使用與比較例1相同的柱塞5，且取代壓鑄模2而改為 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 54 1253963 組入旋轉型鍛造機8的分割壓鑄模9 (此出口側之内徑與壓 鑄模2之孔出口直徑相同）地設為如圖3所示裝置構成外， 其餘均相同，進行外徑40mmx壁厚5mm的碳鋼鋼管的壓入， 獲得外徑3 8 in m X壁厚6 m m的製品管。 表7顯示設定此等製品管之尺寸精度的結果。又，表7 所示圓周方向壁厚、内徑、外徑之各偏差的測定方法如下。 外徑（或内徑）偏差，係從微計數器接觸於管外面（或内 面）並旋轉管所測定之外徑（或内徑）的圓周方向分布資 料，算出對正圓的最大偏差。圓周方向壁厚偏差係從壁厚 剖面之圖像直接測定相對於目標壁厚的最大偏差。又，外 徑偏差及内徑偏差亦可取代使微計數器接觸，從照射雷射 光所測定之管與雷射振動源的距離的圓周方向分布資料算 出。另外，圓周方向壁厚偏差亦可以上述外徑之圓周方向 分布資料與上述内徑之圓周方向分布資料的差而算出。 又，壁厚偏差（=圓周方向壁厚偏差）、内徑偏差及外徑 偏差，係定義如下。 壁厚偏差=(最大壁厚一最小壁厚）/目標壁厚（或平均壁 厚）X 1 0 0 (°/〇) 内徑偏差：（最大内徑一最小内徑）/目標内徑（或平均内 徑）X 1 0 0 (°/〇) 外徑偏差：（最大外徑一最小外徑）/目標外徑（或平均外 徑）X 10 0 (%) 根據表7，依實施例7. 1〜7. 3之裝置的製品管，其尺寸 精度也顯著良好，尤其是若為浮動式則更為良好（實施例 55 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 7 . 2 )，另外，即使連續進行衝孔仍可獲得高尺寸精度的製 品管（實施例7. 3 )。相對於此，在習知之引伸加工中，製 品管之尺寸精度降低（比較例7. 1 )。在使用旋轉型鍛造機 之壓入中，其製品管之尺寸精度也降低（比較例7 . 2 )。 (實施例8 ) [本發明例8 · 1 ] 將0 4 0 ni m χ 6 m m t χ 5 . 5 π] L的鋼管作為原管，如圖1 1所示， 預先依管的加工順序將對應各管之製品尺寸的複數個壓鑄 模2、2 0、…2 0組入壓鑄模旋轉台1 9，接著，在通過線上 配置對應前管4之製品尺寸的壓鑄模2，由壓入機2將前 管4壓入壓鑄模2内結束衝孔加工後，使壓鑄模旋轉台1 9 旋轉而依序傳送複數個壓鑄模，將壓鑄模2換為對應次管 7之製品外徑尺寸的壓鑄模2 0並配置於通過線内，此時， 在壓鑄模2 0配置於通過線内之前，於次管5裝入柱塞2 2， 接著由壓入機2將次管7壓入壓鑄模2 0内進行衝孔加工。 反覆進行此等步驟以製造種種製品尺寸的高尺寸精度管。 [本發明例8 · 2 ] 將0 4 0丨11 in X 6丨11 m t x 5 . 5 m L的鋼管作為原管，如圖1 2所示， 預先依管的加工順序將對應各管之製品尺寸的複數個壓鑄 模2、2 0、…2 0組入壓鑄模直行台2 3，接著，在通過線内 配置對應前管4之製品尺寸的壓鑄模2，由壓入機3將前 管4壓入壓鑄模2内結束衝孔加工後，使壓鑄模直行台2 3 直行並依序傳送複數個壓鑄模，將壓鑄模2換為對應次管 7之製品外徑尺寸的壓鑄模2 0並配置於通過線内。此時， 56 3 12/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/931Ό99] 2 1253963 在壓鑄模2 0配置於通過線内之前，於次管5裝入柱塞 接著，由壓入機2將次管7壓入壓鑄模2 0内進行衝子 工。反覆進行此等步驟以製造種種製品尺寸的高尺寸 /r/r 官 。 [比較例8 . 1 ] 將0 4 0 ni m x 6 m m t x 5 . 5 m L的鋼管作為原管，準備複數 同孔模的壓鑄模，進行圖1 3所示之衝孔加工。將開始 之壓鑄模2配置於通過線内，首先，由壓入機3將前 壓入壓鑄模2内，結束衝孔加工。其次，藉由人工將 模2換為對應次管7之製品外徑尺寸的壓鑄模2 0並配 通過線内。此時，在壓鑄模2 0配置於通過線内之前， 過線内的次管7裝入柱塞2 2。隨後，由壓入機2將次 壓入壓鑄模2 0内進行衝孔加工。反覆進行此等步驟以 種種製品尺寸的高尺寸精度管。 [比較例8 . 2 ] 將0 4 0 m in X 6 m m t x 5 . 5 m L的鋼管作為原管，準備複數 同孔模的壓鑄模，進行圖1 3所示之衝孔加工。將開始 之壓鑄模2配置於通過線内，首先，由壓入機3將前 壓入壓鑄模2内結束衝孔加工。其次，藉由人工將壓 2換為對應次管7之製品外徑尺寸的壓鑄模2 0並配置 過線内。此時，將次管7暫時從通過線外移並在裝入 2 2後再度配置於通過線内。隨後，由壓入機2將次管 入壓鑄模2 0内進行衝孔加工。反覆進行此等步驟以製 種製品尺寸的高尺寸精度管。 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 22 ° L力口 精度 個不 使用 管4 壓鑄 置於 於通 管7 製造 個不 使用 管4 鑄模 於通 柱塞 7壓 造種 57 1253963 表8顯示本發明例及比較例之加工效率及製品之尺寸精 度。加工效率係由單位作業時間的鋼管的衝孔根數來評 價，表8係將比較例2之加工效率設為1而顯示與此的相 對值。尺寸精度係由壁厚偏差及外徑偏差表示。此等偏差 係從圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面的資料，作為壁厚偏差對 平均壁厚的值、外徑偏差係對正圓（目標外徑）的值而求得。 由表8明顯可知，藉由本發明可提高衝孔加工的加工效 率 。 (實施例9 ) 以下，以實施例為例進一步具體說明本發明。 [實施例9 · 1 ] 如圖1 4所示，在最接近壓鑄模2出口側處，配設管彎 曲微調機構2 4。又，雖省略圖示，在壓鑄模2入口側設置 以無限軌道夾住管4而連續壓入壓鑄模2的方式的連續壓 入機。 彎曲微調機構2 4係如圖1 5所示，係為由支持基板2 8 支持具有通過管之孔2 7的孔模2 6，以使其可在與通管方 向垂直的平面内移動，利用由該支持基板2 8所支持的孔模 移動機構2 9，沿與通管方向垂直的方向（孔模移動方向3 3 ) 按壓孔模2 6外周部的4個部位的任一處或2處以上，該按 壓力如圖1 6所示，係以利用螺合於楔狀模具3 0的調整用 螺絲3 1的調整令使錐面接觸於孔模2 6外周部的楔狀模具 30向通管方向25移動的方式而提供。在圖16中，當向右 旋轉調整用螺絲3 1時，楔狀模具3 0上升，於是與其錐面 58 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 接觸的孔模2 6向左移動。又，孔模位置微調後，旋緊 用螺絲3 2並將孔模2 6固定於支持基板2 8。 使用該裝置，將P 4 0 m m X 6 m m t x 5 . 5 m m L的鋼管作為原 進行一邊將柱塞1插入該管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊連 該素材壓入壓鑄模2内之衝孔加工的高尺寸精度管的 造。衝孔加工後的鋼管係貫穿壓鑄模2出口側極近處 模2 6的孔2 7。孔模2 6的孔2 7係直孔，該孔徑係較. 模2之出口孑L徑（該例中為p 3 5 m m )大0 . 5 m m。 在進行實際製造前使用複數虛設管，進行改變數點 模位置的衝孔加工實驗以測定管的彎曲，求得孔模位 變量與衝孔後之管的彎曲變量的關係。在實際製造中 的彎曲似欲超過指定臨限值時，基於上述關係使孔模 於彎曲變小的方位，進行孔模位置的微調整。。 [實施例9 · 2] 如圖17所示，在最接近壓鑄模2出口側處配設管智 微調機構2 4，且在最接近壓鑄模2之入口側處配置導 3 5，在最接近彎曲微調機構2 4之出口側處配置導引筒 又，雖省略圖示，在入口側導引筒35之入口側設置以 軌道夾住管4而連續壓入壓鑄模2方式的連續壓入機 彎曲微調機構2 4係如圖1 8所示，係為由支持基板 支持具有通過管之孔2 7的孔模2 6，以使其可在與通 向垂直的平面内移動，利用由該支持基板2 8所支持的 移動機構2 9，沿與通管方向垂直的方向（孔模移動方向 按壓孔模2 6外周部的4個部位的任一處或2處以上， 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 固定 管， 續將 製 的孔 壓鑄 之孔 置的 若管 移動 f曲 引筒 36 ° 無限 〇 28 管方 孔模 33) 該按 59 1253963 壓力或拉力，係由接觸於孔模2 6外周部的小型油壓汽缸 3 4所供給。在圖1 8中，藉由加減對向之2個油壓汽缸3 4 的壓力差，以使孔模2 6向2個油壓汽缸3 4之相對方向移 動。又，孔模位置微調後，使對面之油壓汽缸3 4彼此的壓 力差成為零而將孔模2 6固定於支持基板2 8。 使用該裝置，將P 4 0 hi m X 6 m ni t X 5 . 5 m m L的鋼管作為原管， 進行一邊將柱塞1插入該管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊連續將 該素材壓入壓鑄模2内之衝孔加工的高尺寸精度管的製 造。衝孔加工前的鋼管係貫穿入口側導引筒3 5，衝孔加工 後的鋼管係依序通過壓鑄模2出口側極近處的孔模2 6的孔 2 7及出口側導引筒3 6。孔模2 6的孔2 7係錐形孔，其最大 内徑部（位於入口側位置）的孔徑係較壓鑄模2的出口孔徑 (該例中為p 3 3 mm )大2 . 5 min。又，孔模2 6的最小内徑部（位 於出口側位置）的孔徑係與壓鑄模2的出口孔徑相同。另 外，入口側及出口側之導引筒3 5、3 6，係形成較相同側之 管的外徑大0 . 5 m m的内徑的筒，以便不會於管上產生瑕疵。 在進行實際製造前使用複數虛設管，進行改變數點之孔 模位置的衝孔加工實驗以測定管的彎曲，求得孔模位置的 變量與衝孔後之管的彎曲變量的關係。在實際製造中若管 的彎曲似欲超過指定臨限值時，基於上述關係使孔模移動 於彎曲變小的方位，進行孔模位置的微調整。 [比較例9 · 1 ] 如圖1 9所示，在最接近壓鑄模2入口側處配設導引筒 3 5，在同壓鑄模接近出口側處配設導引筒3 6。又，雖省略 60 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 圖示，在入口側導引筒3 5之入口側設置以無限執道夾住管 4而連續壓入壓鑄模2的方式的連續壓入機。 使用該裝置，將P 40mmx6mmtx5.5mniL的鋼管作為原管， 進行一邊將柱塞1插入該管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊連續將 該素材壓入壓鑄模2 (該例中，出口孔徑為φ 3 3 in in )内之衝 孔加工的高尺寸精度管的製造。衝孔加工前的鋼管係貫穿 入口側導引筒3 5，衝孔加工後的鋼管係通過出口側導引筒 3 6 ° [比較例9 . 2 ] 如圖2 0所示，在最接近壓鎊模2入口側處及出口側處 未配設有任何機構。又，雖省略圖示，在壓鑄模2入口側 設置以無限軌道夾住管4而連續壓入壓鑄模2的方式的連 續壓入機。 使用該裝置，將P 4 0扣m X 6 m m t χ 5 . 5 m m L的鋼管作為原管， 進行一邊將柱塞1插入該管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊連續將 該素材壓入壓鑄模2 (該例中，出口孔徑為0 3 5 m in )内之衝 孔加工的高尺寸精度管的製造。 [比較例9 . 3 ] 如圖2 1所示，在最接近壓鑄模2入口側處及出口側處 未配設有任何機構。在壓鑄模2入口側未設置壓入機，在 壓鑄模2出口側設置引伸機37。 使用該裝置，將φ 4 0 m m X 6 ni in t χ 5 . 5 m m L的鋼管作為原管， 進行一邊將柱塞1插入該管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊由引伸 機3 7把持管前端從壓鑄模2 (該例中，出口孔徑為0 3 5 in m ) 61 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93】099 ] 2 1253963 沿引伸方向3 8引伸鋼管之引伸加工的高尺寸精度管的製 造。 表9顯示調查由上述實施例及比較例之方法所製造之管 的彎曲及尺寸精度的結果。管的彎曲係以直線規（s t r a. i g h t edgeruler)抵觸於管上，以管長每500mm之管中央部的直 線規與管的間隙的最大值來評價。管的尺寸精度係由壁厚 偏差及外徑偏差（各例均為複數根製造的管的資料的最大 值）所示。此等偏差係從圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面的資 料，作為壁厚偏差對平均壁厚的值、外徑偏差係對正圓（目 標外徑）的值而求得。 由表9明顯可知，藉由本發明可更顯著地得到良好之尺 寸精度，同時，可充分防止衝孔加工後的管的彎曲。 (實施例1 0 ) 作為本發明之實施例，構成圖2 2所示設備列。元件符 號3 9為衝孔加工裝置。該裝置係一邊將柱塞1裝入管内並 使柱塞浮動，一邊利用壓入裝置4 3連續將該管壓入壓鑄模 2使其通過而進行衝孔加工者。在該衝孔加工裝置3 9上， 作為較佳形態，一併設有如前述般構成的壓鑄模交換裝置 45、柱塞交換裝置44及彎曲防止裝置46。 在衝孔加工裝置3 9的入口侧，從上游側開始依序配置 管端面研削裝置4 0、潤滑劑浸潰塗佈槽4 1及乾燥裝置4 2。 管端面研削裝置40係為沿與管軸方向垂直的方向由研削 刀具可將排列於台上的管端面切削出直角的可直角切削的 構成。潤滑劑浸潰塗佈槽4 1係蓄積乾燥性液體潤滑劑乳化 62 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 液，利用將管浸潰於該乳化液内而對管進行潤滑劑塗佈。 乾燥裝置4 2係藉由吹拂熱風於排列於台上的塗佈潤滑劑 後的管而可使其乾燥的構成。又，在該設備列之入口側配 設接收自前步驟送來的原管並交給管端面研削裝置40的 管接收台4 7，另外，於出口側配置將被衝孔加工而成為製 品管交給後步驟的管交付台4 8。 使用該設備列，對在外徑2 5〜1 2 0 m m 0 、壁厚2〜8 m in及 長度5〜1 3 m的尺寸範圍具有各種不同尺寸的附有氧化銹 狀態下的原管，依序進行管端面直角切削、潤滑劑浸·潰塗 佈、乾燥、衝孔加工，獲得製品管。 另一方面，作為比較例，圖23顯示習知之引伸加工的 製造設備列。該設備列係在引伸加工裝置5 0的入口側配設 管接收台4 7，並於出口側配置管交付台4 8，引伸加工裝置 5 0係一邊將柱塞1裝入管内並使柱塞浮動，一邊利用引伸 加工裝置5 0從壓鑄模2引伸該管。又，在該引伸加工裝置 5 0上一併設有與實施例相同構成的柱塞交換裝置4 4及壓 鑄模交換裝置4 5。在該設備列中，無法直接引伸與實施例 相同的附有氧化銹的原管，其原管必須為經由圖2 3所示第 1前處理步驟及接續此的第2前處理步驟。 第1前處理步驟作為形成引伸加工用的強固的潤滑膜而 必備，係由將有鐵銹原管切割為短管—藉由酸洗除去鐵銹 —以鹼中和酸―水洗―磷酸鹽處理—塗佈金屬皂—乾燥等 大量的順序步驟所組成。進行該第1前處理步驟的複數浸 潰槽或裝置，若與引伸加工裝置5 0相同S己置於生產線上則 63 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 生產性降低，因此須S己置於其他的生產線上。另外，第2 前處理步驟係用於引伸加工裝置5 0之把持，例如使用旋轉 型鍛造機作為進行管前端的上蠟加工的手段所必備，該旋 轉型鍛造機若與引伸加工裝置5 0相同配置於生產線上，則 生產性降低，因此須配置於其他的生產線上。 使用該比較例之設備列，對經由第1、第2前處理步驟 依序處理與實施例相同附有鐵銹的原管的已前處理的管施 以引伸加工，獲得製品管。 表1 0顯示針對實施例及比較例調查所得之製造所需時 間及製品管的尺寸精度。製造所需時間係由從指定數批的 附有鐵銹的原管至獲得製品管為止的總處理時間/總處理 根數所評價，表1 0係將比較例之評價值設為1而顯示與此 的相對比。尺寸精度係由壁厚偏差及外徑偏差表示。此等 偏差係從圖像解析管的圓周方向剖面的資料，作為壁厚偏 差對平均壁厚的值、外徑偏差係對正圓（目標外徑）的值所 求得。 由表1 0明顯可知，藉由本發明可效率良好地製造高尺 寸精度管。 (產業上之可利用性） 本發明之高尺寸精度管係具有卓越良好之尺寸精度，結 果具有良好的疲勞強度，且可以低製造成本進行製造，因 此可獲得對汽車用驅動系統零件等的輕量化促進作出貢獻 的優良效果。另外，根據本發明之製造方法，可獲得以低 成本製造對廣範圍之管的要求尺寸均能達成尺寸精度良好 64 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 的金屬管的優良效果。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為顯示本發明中所使用之衝孔機的實施形態的說明 圖。 圖2為顯示習知引伸機的實施形態的說明圖。 圖3 A為顯示由安裝習知之分割壓鑄模並使其搖動的旋 轉型鍛造機壓入的實施形態的說明圖，是包含管中心軸的 剖面圖。 圖3 B為顯示由安裝習知之分割壓鑄模並使其搖動的旋 轉型鍛造機壓入的實施形態的說明圖，是沿著圖3A中A-A 線所作的箭視圖。 圖4為顯示疲勞試驗之應力與耐久次數的關係的特性 圖。 圖5為顯示作為管送入機構而使用履帶之本發明例的縱 剖面圖。 圖6為顯示作為管送入機構而使用無端環帶之本發明例 的縱剖面圖。 圖7為顯示作為管送入機構而使用間歇送入機之本發明 例的縱剖面圖。 圖8為顯示作為管送入機構而使用孔模輥子之本發明例 的縱剖面圖。 圖9為說明柱塞之部分的錐面角度的說明圖。 圖1 0為顯示衝孔加工之概要的剖面圖。 圖1 1為顯示使用本發明裝置之第1例的本發明方法的 65 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 實施形態的模式圖。 圖1 2為顯示使用本發明裝置之第2例的本發明方法的 實施形態的模式圖。 圖1 3為有關比較例（人工交換壓鑄模）之說明圖。 圖1 4為顯示本發明之實施例之一的立體圖。 圖1 5為顯示本發明之管彎曲微調機構之一例的俯視圖。 圖1 6為顯示本發明之孔模移動機構之一例的剖面圖。 圖1 7為顯示本發明之實施例之一的立體圖。 圖1 8為顯示本發明之管彎曲微調機構之一例的俯視圖。 圖1 9為顯示比較例之一的立體圖。 圖2 0為顯示比較例之一的立體圖。 圖2 1為顯示比較例之一的立體圖。 圖2 2為顯示作為本發明之實施例的設備列的配置的模 式圖。 圖2 3為顯示作為比較例的設備列的配置及引伸加工所 必要的前處理步驟的模式圖。 (元件符號說明） 1 柱塞 1 A 擴管部分 1 B 縮徑部分 2 壓鑄模 3 管送入機構（壓管機） 4 管（金屬管） 5 柱塞 326\總檔\93\93109912\93109912(替換)-1 94, 10. 2 8 66 1253963 8 旋轉型鍛造機 9 壓鑄模（分割壓鑄模） 10 引伸力 1 1 壓入力 12 搖動方向 13 履帶 14 無端環帶 15 間歇送入機 16 孔模報子 19 壓鑄模旋轉台 20 壓鑄模 22 柱塞 23 壓鑄模直行台 24 管彎曲微調機構 26 孔模 27 28 支持基板 2 9 孔模移動機構 30 楔狀模具 3 1 調整用螺絲 32 固定用螺絲 3 3 孔模移動方向 34 油壓汽缸 35 導引筒 67BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high-precision tube, a method of manufacturing the high-precision tube, and a manufacturing apparatus. For example, a high-precision pipe, a manufacturing method, and a manufacturing equipment for a high-precision pipe, a high-precision pipe, which is required to have high dimensional accuracy, such as a component for an automobile drive system. [Prior Art] Metal pipes (e.g., steel pipes) are very different from general welded pipes and seamless pipes. The welded pipe is made of, for example, an electric seam steel pipe, and the width of the strip is circularly bent, and the wide ends of the round are butted and welded. On the other hand, the seamless pipe is formed by perforating a solid compact (b i 1 1 e t) at a high temperature and then rolling it by a mandrel mill (m a n d r e 1 m i 1 1 ) or the like. In the case of a welded pipe, the protrusion of the welded portion is ground after welding to increase the dimensional accuracy of the pipe, but the wall thickness deviation exceeds 3. 0%. Further, in the case of a seamless pipe, it tends to be eccentric in the piercing step, and a large wall thickness deviation is likely to occur due to the eccentricity. Although efforts were made to reduce the wall thickness deviation in the subsequent steps, sufficient reduction was not obtained and remained in the product stage. 0% or more. Recently, as a countermeasure against environmental problems, the demand for lightweighting of automobiles has become higher and higher. Drive system components such as drive shafts tend to be replaced by solid metal rods into hollow metal tubes. For the metal pipe of the automotive drive system parts and the like, the deviation of the wall thickness, the inner diameter, and the outer diameter is required to be 3. Below 0%, more stringent is 1. High dimensional accuracy below 0%. The drive system components must be able to withstand the fatigue of the car over long distances. If the accuracy of the wall thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the metal pipe is poor, the fatigue 5 312 / invention manual (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 damage must be developed from the unevenness existing inside the pipe, so that the strength Significantly lower. In order to maintain sufficient fatigue strength, it is necessary to maintain the accuracy of the metal tube thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter. In the following, the deviation of the outer diameter deviation of the high-precision pipe system and the deviation of the inner diameter from the circumferential direction wall thickness of the present invention or two or more of the pipe deviations of 3% or less are derived from the following formula. Deviation = variation width / (target value or average value) X 1 0 0 % variation width = maximum value - minimum value As a means for improving the accuracy of the wall thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the metal pipe, the following 2 are known. Ways. Hereinafter, the welded steel pipe and the pipeless pipe (hereinafter referred to as steel pipe or pipe) will be described. One of them is a method of drawing a steel pipe by cold rolling using a press and a plunger (so-called cold drawing method) (refer to I document 5). In another method, a method of pressing a steel pipe into a die-casting die hole by a die-casting rotary forging machine which is divided into a circumferential direction (forging press-fitting method) is used (refer to Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 9 - 2 6 2 6 3 7 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 9 - 2 6 2 6 1 9 Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1 0 - 1 Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 2 8 5 8 4 4 6 Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent No. 2 8 1 2 1 5 1 However, in the cold drawing method, the equipment capacity is insufficient. In the case of the thickness of the tube, the large diameter of the tube, the inability to obtain sufficient extension stress, and the need to reduce the diameter of the tube, etc., in the processing tool (the plunger and the inner surface of the die-casting die, the die-casting die and the tube, and the extension) The contact between the plunger and the tube becomes insufficient. 3] 2/Inventive Manual (Supplement)/93-06/93109912 The wall difference of fatigue, and the rotating wall rate of each of the slit steel molds L). Original 6 1253963 is due to the fact that in the cold drawing method, the tube stress is tensile stress. In this case, the smoothness of the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube is insufficient, and the unevenness is likely to remain. As a solution to this problem, the cold drawing is used to increase the diameter reduction ratio of the tube, and the contact between the inner and outer surfaces of the tube and the plunger and the die-casting mold is increased in the processing tool. However, in the case of using a die-casting mold cold-drawn tube, the larger the reduction ratio of the tube, the greater the increase in roughness due to the unevenness of the inner surface of the tube. As a result, it is difficult to obtain a tube of high dimensional accuracy in the cold drawing method. Therefore, the demand for tubes having insufficient fatigue strength and good dimensional accuracy has been greatly increased. In the cold drawing method, the front end of the tube is clamped in order to increase the tension, so that it is necessary to narrow the front end of the tube. As a result, it is impossible to extend one by one, and there is a problem that processing efficiency is remarkably lowered. Further, even in the case where the equipment capacity is increased and the reduction ratio is increased, the processing skew due to the reduction in diameter becomes large and the tube is easily work hardened. The tube is further subjected to processing such as bending or swaging after the extension. Due to the hardening of the above-mentioned extension, there is a problem that it is easily broken in the subsequent bending step or the like. In order to prevent this from occurring, there is a need to apply heat treatment at a high temperature for a sufficient period of time after the extension, and since the manufacturing cost becomes significantly large, it is expected to efficiently manufacture a high-precision tube which is inexpensive and easy to process. method. Further, in the pressing device for the metal pipe described in Patent Document 4, the metal pipe is stretched by another device to prevent the breakage of the pipe due to the tensile force and to form a groove on the inner surface to reduce the necessary tensile force. The auxiliary device is not a device that smoothes the inside and outside of the tube. In the rotary forging press method described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, the die-casting mold of the rotary forging machine is divided so that the die-casting mold is shaken, and a step is likely to occur in the divided portion, so that the smoothing of the outer surface is insufficient, or It is caused by unevenness of the rigidity of the die-casting molds in the circumferential direction along 7 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963. As a result, the precision of the wall thickness is insufficient to obtain the target finishing scale, and the fatigue strength of the steel pipe is also insufficient, and it is desired to be improved. In the rotary forging press-in method, the wall thickness after being pressed into the steel pipe is pressed. The front thickness is thick. Because of this complicated structure, there is a limitation in using a rotary forging machine that is not easily attached. In order to increase the wall thickness, the gap between the processing tool and the outlet side is increased to easily deform the tube. However, if the gap is easily deformed, irregularities are formed on the inner surface of the tube. Further, if the wall gap is increased, the tube becomes inaccessible on the surface of the die-casting mold or the surface of the plunger. As a result, there is no progress in smoothing the surface of the tube, and it is not easy to be a high-precision tube. In addition, in the process of manufacturing a high-precision tube, if the friction between the outer surface and the inner surface of the tube, the inner surface of the die-casting mold, and the outer surface of the tube is not minimized, a sputum b that is burned on the surface of the tube is generated in the process, and the tube is processed. The surface is lowered, and there is a case where the tube itself cannot be a product, and even if the load is significantly increased, the processing itself cannot be performed, and as a result, the efficiency is remarkably lowered. Therefore, if the desired wall thickness is to be obtained after press-in, only the wall thickness of the reduced pressure is obtained. Therefore, in order to arrange the tubes of various product sizes, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of original tube sizes in terms of the fatigue strength and the like of the tubes. However, because of the limitations on the original tube manufacturing equipment and the inability to prepare large sizes, it is difficult to obtain a good size throughout the required size of the tube. In addition, there are cases in which the degree of processing of the tube is changed in the automobile parts. For example, reviewing the reduction of the machining degree in a part and omitting the processing 312/invention manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912, the wall of the precision hole is added to the negative wall, and the thickness is sufficient to obtain the plunger force quality. In the case where the heat is applied to the pre-production, it is necessary to increase the processing degree to increase the strength and use it. However, in the conventional cold drawing method and the rotary forging press method, only the diameter reduction processing is performed, and the outer diameter of the processed tube is determined by the same diameter of the die casting mold, and the wall thickness is also the same as that of the plunger by the die casting mold. It is decided that it is only possible to obtain the same degree of processing from the same original tube, and it is almost impossible to manufacture tubes of the same size with different degrees of processing from the same original tube. Therefore, in order to manufacture tubes having different degrees of processing in the same size, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of original tubes to change the reduction ratio, and it takes a lot of time to manufacture the original tubes. As described above, in the prior art, it is difficult to obtain a pipe of high dimensional accuracy, and when manufacturing pipes of the same size and different degrees of work, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of original pipes of different sizes. In order to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have reviewed the processing method which can extend the pipe of a more high-precision size and obtain the conclusion that the punching method is the best candidate. In the case of punching, as shown in Fig. 10, the plunger 1 is loaded into the tube 4, and the plunger 1 is floated while the tube 4 is pressed into the die 2 by the tube press 3, thereby acting in the machining tool. All compressive stresses. As a result, the tube can be in full contact with the plunger and the die-casting mold regardless of whether it is the inlet side or the outlet side of the processing tool. Moreover, even with a slight reduction ratio, the machining tool is still in a state of compressive stress, and the tube is easily in contact with the plunger and the die-casting mold as compared with the extension, and the tube is easily smoothed to obtain high dimensional accuracy. tube. However, when punching is performed, the plunger is pressed into the tube to increase the load, and as a result, the pressed original tube is bent and becomes unprocessable. The reason for this is exemplified by insufficient coating amount of the lubricant, surface property of the original tube 9 312 / variation of the invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963, friction heat during punching processing, or plunger caused by processing heat. And the deformation of the die-casting mold, etc., however, in order to stabilize it and continue the punching of the pipe, it is first necessary to determine whether the machining is feasible at the site during processing. In the past, by the vibrating sound of the tube press or the vibrating of the oil pressure meter, the operator judged by the feeling, or forcedly processed to break the die-casting mold, interrupted the processing, and readjust the punching processing conditions again. machining. That is to say, the condition is changed even in a process state in which the punching processing limit is more moderate, or the process is changed to an extremely strict processing state, and the die-casting mold starts to be broken. Therefore, it takes time to spend unnecessary processing time or frequent die-casting mold exchange, resulting in a decrease in productivity. In the conventional extension, in order to improve the dimensional accuracy of the tube, it is necessary to apply a metal soap to the tube before the extension to form a sufficient lubricating film. Therefore, it is necessary to take a sufficient time to form a lubricating film, and it is necessary to perform pretreatment of a tube such as pickling, and it is necessary to provide a plurality of grooves for pretreatment such as pickling or a plurality of grooves for lubrication treatment in the stretching device. Further, in order to carry out the drawing processing, it is necessary to apply the above wax processing to the tip end portion of the tube by a rotary forging machine or the like. However, if these equipments are lined up and placed on the inlet side of the extension processing apparatus, there is a big problem of reduced productivity. Therefore, after the lubrication process is performed in another step, the line is fed to the line of equipment for drawing the tube for processing. . That is to say, in the conventional manufacturing equipment of high-precision pipe, it is premised on the extension processing which must have a long pre-processing step, and therefore it is difficult to improve the manufacturing efficiency. In the conventional cold drawing method or rotary forging pressing method as described above, it is difficult to obtain a high-precision tube of 10 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963, in addition, there are unresolved tubes. The problem of the case where the surface quality is low. In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method capable of satisfying a wide range of required dimensions for a tube, manufacturing at a low cost, and having sufficient fatigue strength, and producing it with high efficiency. Manufacturing equipment column used. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention for achieving the above object is as follows. 1 . A high-precision tube in a punched state, which is characterized in that it is manufactured by performing punching processing in which a tube is inserted into a hole of a die-casting mold in a state in which a plunger is placed in a metal pipe. Any one or more of the difference in outer diameter, the deviation in the inner diameter, and the thickness in the circumferential direction is not more than 3 %. 2. The high-precision tube in the punching state as described in the first aspect is characterized in that the punching process is performed by passing the plunger into a hole in the metal pipe while the plunger is inserted into the metal pipe. The wall thickness of the metal pipe on the side of the die-casting outlet is made smaller than the wall thickness at the inlet side, and either or both of the deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation are three. 0% or less. 3 . The high-precision pipe according to 1 or 2, wherein the upper hole is in the same cross section of the pipe, and the metal pipe is externally connected to the periphery of the plunger and joined to the die-casting die. 4. The high-precision tube according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the die-casting mold-integrated type and/or the fixed type die-casting mold are used. 5 . - A method for manufacturing a high-precision precision pipe, which is characterized in that: 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 quality drop invention and tube, pressure deviation on the outer diameter of the pipe compression die A punching hole that presses the metal pipe into the hole of the die-casting mold by inserting the 11 1253963 plunger into the metal pipe. 6 . The method for producing a high-precision tube according to the fifth aspect of the invention is characterized in that the wall thickness of the metal pipe on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is set to be equal to or smaller than the wall thickness at the inlet side of the pipe. 7 . The method for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to the fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the punching is performed in the same cross section of the tube, and the metal tube is externally connected to the plunger for the entire circumference and is connected to the die-casting mold for the whole circumference. By. 8. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, characterized in that the above-mentioned die-casting mold-integrated type and/or fixed-type pressure-molding die. 9. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of the fifth to eighth aspect, wherein the plunger is a floating plunger (f 1 〇 a t i n g p 1 u g ). 10. A high-efficiency manufacturing method of a high-precision tube, characterized in that: in 5, one or more of the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation of the tube are subjected to punching processing. When lifting as a high-precision tube, the plunger is loaded into the tube to float, and the tube is continuously fed into the die-casting mold by the tube feeding mechanism on the inlet side of the die-casting mold. 11. A high-efficiency manufacturing method of a high-precision tube according to 10, characterized in that the tube feeding mechanism grasps a crawler belt of the tube before processing. 12. A high-efficiency manufacturing method of a high-precision tube according to 10, characterized in that the tube feeding mechanism is an endless belt of the tube before the pressing. 13. A high-efficiency manufacturing method of a high-precision pipe according to 10, characterized in that the pipe feeding mechanism grasps the pipe before processing and intermittently feeds the intermittent feeder. 12 312/Invention Manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 2 3 . A method for producing a high-precision tube having a good surface quality as described in 2, characterized in that the drying resin or a solution obtained by diluting the drying resin with a solvent or an emulsion of the drying resin is coated After being placed on the tube, it is blown with warm air or air-dried to form the above lubricating film. twenty four. A method for manufacturing a high-precision precision pipe, which is a pipe of a certain size having a different degree of processing from a raw pipe of the same size with high dimensional accuracy, and is characterized in that the pipe can be expanded and reduced in diameter. The plunger is loaded into the tube, and the tube is punched in a die-casting mold. 2 5. A method for producing a high-precision tube according to the fourth aspect, characterized in that the plunger is floated inside the tube, and the tube is continuously supplied to the die-casting mold. 26. A method of manufacturing a high-precision tube according to 24 or 25, wherein the plunger is a taper surface angle at which a taper angle of the expanded portion is a portion that is less than a reduced diameter portion. 27. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 24 to 26, wherein the target outer diameter of the tube on the outlet side of the plunger is set to be smaller than the outer diameter of the tube on the inlet side of the tube. . 28. A method for manufacturing a high-precision tube with a high-precision tube, characterized in that: in 5, a high-precision tube is manufactured by punching a tube through which a tube inserted into a plunger is pressed into a hole of a die-casting mold. In the above process, the plunger is formed by using a surface of the reduced diameter portion to form an angle of 5 to 40 degrees with the machining center axis, and a length of the reduced diameter portion of 5 to 100 mm, wherein the die casting mold uses the inlet side thereof. The inner surface of the hole forms a tungsten mold at an angle of 5 to 40 degrees with the machining center axis. 2 9 . For example, the method for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to the second embodiment is characterized in that: the length of the bearing portion of the plunger is 5 to 200 mm. 30. A method for producing a high-precision tube according to the above-described 28 or 29, characterized in that the thickness of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is set to be equal to or smaller than the thickness of the tube at the inlet side of the tube. 31. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of 28 to 30, wherein the die-casting mold is an integral fixed die-casting mold. 32. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of 28 to 31, wherein the plunger is floated inside the tube. 33. A stable manufacturing method for a high-precision tube, which is a punching machine for inserting a plunger into a tube while floating, and performing a punching process for pressing the tube into a die-casting mold, wherein: In the punching process, the load in the punching direction is measured, and the material properties of the original tube of the tube before the measurement load and the tube before the processing are compared, and are calculated by any of the following formulas [1] to [Formula 3]. Calculate the load, and based on the result, determine whether the punching process can be continued. [Formula 1] σ k X Original tube sectional area where ak = YSx(l - axX), λ = (L / /~ n)/k5 a = 0. 00185 ~ 0 . 0 1 5 5, L : length of the original tube, k: secondary radius of the section, k2 = ( d ! 2 + d 22) / 1 6, η : state of the tube end (η = 0 · 2 5~4 ), d] · Original pipe outer diameter, d 2 : original pipe inner diameter, YS : original pipe yield strength [Formula 2] Original pipe yield strength YSX original pipe sectional area [Formula 3] Original pipe tensile strength TSx original pipe sectional area 34. The method for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to the above-described method is characterized in that the above-mentioned measurement load is equal to or less than the above-mentioned calculation load, and it is determined that the measurement load is equal to or less than the above-mentioned calculation load. On the other hand, when the measurement load exceeds the calculation load, it is determined that the processing cannot be continued, and the processing is interrupted. After the die-casting mold and/or the plunger are exchanged for other shapes corresponding to the same product tube size, Start processing again. 35. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to claim 34 is characterized in that the die-casting mold and/or the plunger used after the exchange have a smaller angle of the die-casting mold and the plunger than before the exchange. 36. The method for producing a high-precision tube according to any one of 33 to 35, wherein the lubricant is applied to the original tube before the punching process, and only the above-mentioned measured load exceeds the above calculated load. In the case, the type of the above lubricant is changed. 37. a manufacturing device for a high-precision precision pipe, comprising: a plunger which can contact the entire inner surface of the metal pipe; a die-casting mold having a hole which can contact the entire circumference of the same pipe; and a pipe press machine The press tube is press-fitted into the same tube, and is configured to perform punching by pressing the metal tube into the hole of the die-casting mold by the above-described tube press in a state where the plunger is placed in the metal tube. 38. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to 37, characterized in that the die-casting mold is an integral type and/or a fixed type die-casting mold. 39. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to 37 or 38, characterized in that the plunger is a floating plunger. 40. The apparatus for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 37 to 39, wherein the tube press is continuously pressed into the tube. 16 312/Invention Manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 41. The apparatus for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 37 to 39, wherein the tube press is intermittently pressed into the tube. 42. A high-efficiency manufacturing method for a high-precision tube, which is a punching machine that presses a plunger into a tube to float it while performing a continuous or intermittent press-fitting of the tube into a die-casting mold. The method is characterized in that: a plurality of die-casting molds of different hole patterns are arranged on the same circumference, and corresponding to the product size, any one of the pressed tungsten molds is moved along the circumferential direction of the array to be disposed on the passing line and used for punching. 43. A high-efficiency manufacturing method for a high-precision tube, which is a punching processor that presses a plunger into a tube to float it while performing a continuous or intermittent press-fitting of the tube into a die-casting mold. The utility model is characterized in that: a plurality of die-casting molds of different hole patterns are arranged on the same straight line, and corresponding to the product size, any one of the die-casting molds is moved in a linear direction of the arrangement and arranged on the through-line for punching. 44. A high-efficiency manufacturing method for a high-precision tube according to 42 or 43, characterized in that, when the front tube and the secondary tube are changed in size, the secondary tube is stopped at the inlet side of the die-casting mold after the punching of the front tube is completed. And before and after the movement of the die-casting mold corresponding to the product size of the secondary pipe, the plug corresponding to the size of the same product is loaded into the secondary pipe. 45. a high-efficiency manufacturing apparatus for high-precision precision tubes, which is in 37, has a die-casting mold through a tube; a tube-pressing machine presses the tube into a die-casting mold passing through the wire; and a die-casting mold rotating table to be in the same The plural number is arranged on the circumference line 17 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06 / 93109912 1253963 The form of the die-casting mold is supported and conveyed in the circumferential direction to arrange any of the die-casting molds in the passing line. 46. a high-efficiency manufacturing device for high-precision precision tubes, which is in 37, has a die-casting mold through a tube; a tube-pressing machine presses the tube into a die-casting mold passing through the wire; and a die-casting mold straight-through table, in the same Supported in the form of a plurality of die-casting molds arranged in line, and conveyed in the direction of the straight line, any one of the die-casting molds is disposed in the passing line. 4 7. A method for manufacturing a high-precision precision tube, which is a punching machine for inserting a plunger into a tube while floating, and performing a punching of the tube into a die-casting mold, and is characterized by: The tube is disposed on the outlet side of the die-casting mold near the exit side of the die-casting mold, and the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting die is passed in the hole mold which is adjusted in advance in the in-plane position perpendicular to the pipe-passing direction to prevent the pipe from being bent. 48. A method for producing a high-precision tube according to 47, characterized in that the tube on the inlet side of the die-casting mold and/or the outlet side of the orifice die is passed through a guide cylinder. 49. A method for producing a high-precision tube according to 47 or 48, wherein the tube is continuously pressed into the die-casting mold. 50. A high-precision precision tube manufacturing apparatus, which is provided in 37, having a die-casting mold through a tube; and a tube-pressing machine for pressing a tube into a die-casting mold passing through a wire, which is characterized in that: the closest to the above-mentioned die-casting mold At the outlet side, a pipe bending fine adjustment mechanism is provided, which has a hole die passing through the pipe; a supporting substrate supporting the hole die so as to be movable in a plane perpendicular to the pipe direction; and a hole die moving mechanism, by 18 312/Invention Manual (Supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 The support substrate is supported to move the hole mold. 5 1 . A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to the invention, characterized in that the hole moving mechanism transmits a tapered surface of a wedge-shaped mold that moves in a direction of a pipe, and presses a periphery of the die in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the pipe. One or more of the departments. 5 2 . A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to the above aspect, wherein the wedge-shaped mold is moved by a urging force of a spring. 53. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision pipe according to 50, wherein the hole moving mechanism directly presses or pulls one or more of the outer peripheral portions of the die directly in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the pipe. 54. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision pipe according to the above-mentioned item 53 is characterized in that the pressing or pulling of the pressing or pulling means utilizes the action of a fluid pressure cylinder. 55. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 50 to 54, wherein the hole pattern of the hole mold is larger than an outlet diameter of the die-casting mold. 56. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 50 to 55, wherein the hole of the hole die is a straight hole or a tapered hole. 57. The apparatus for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 50 to 56, further comprising: a guide cylinder that passes through the inlet side of the die-casting mold and/or the tube on the outlet side of the tube bending fine adjustment mechanism. 58. A manufacturing apparatus for a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 50 to 57, characterized in that the press-in machine is a continuous press machine in which a tube can be continuously pressed. 19 312/Invention Manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 5 9 . A manufacturing equipment row of a high-precision precision pipe, which has the punching processing device described in 37, characterized in that: a pipe end grinding device for grinding the end surface of the pipe in a direction perpendicular to the pipe axis direction is sequentially disposed; The lubricant is impregnated with a lubricant applied to the tube to impregnate the coating tank; a drying device for drying the tube coated with the lubricant; and the above-mentioned punching processing device. 6 0 . A manufacturing apparatus column of a high-precision pipe according to the fifth aspect, characterized in that the cutting device for cutting the pipe into a short pipe is further disposed on the inlet side of the pipe end grinding device. 6 1 . A manufacturing equipment row of a high-precision pipe according to the fifth or sixth aspect, characterized in that, in place of the lubricant impregnation coating tank and the drying device, the injection molding die is placed on the inlet side of the die-casting die. A lubricant blowing device that applies a lubricant to the tube, or a lubricant blow drying device that blows the lubricant onto the tube and then dries it. 62. The apparatus for manufacturing a high-precision tube according to any one of the items 59 to 61, wherein the punching processing device is provided, and the die-casting die exchange device for exchanging the die-casting mold is exchanged, and the plunger is exchanged. The plunger exchange device and one or more of the bending prevention devices for preventing the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold from being bent. [Embodiment] In the conventional cold drawing method, in the case of using a die-casting mold and a plunger to extend a metal pipe, it is difficult to raise the dimensional accuracy of the pipe. The reason for this is that the stretching force acts as a tension, and the contact between the die-casting mold in the processing tool and the outside of the tube and the plunger and the inner surface of the tube becomes insufficient. As shown in Fig. 2, 20 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963, the plunger 5 is loaded into the tube 4 and the tube 4 is drawn from the hole of the die casting mold 2 because it is on the outlet side of the die casting mold 2 The extension force of the force 1 10 causes tensile stress to be generated inside the machining tool, so that the unevenness generated on the inner and outer sides of the pipe increases from the inlet side to the outlet side of the force cutter. In addition, on the inlet side in the machining tool, the inner surface of the tube is deformed along the plunger 5 to cause no contact or only slight contact outside the tube. On the outlet side in the machining tool, the outside of the pipe is deformed by contact with the die-casting mold 2, thereby causing no contact or only slight contact between the inner faces of the pipe. Therefore, there is a portion which is freely deformable both inside and outside the tube, and the unevenness cannot be sufficiently smoothed, and the dimensional accuracy of the tube obtained after the extension is lowered. In contrast, in the punching method of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, the plunger 5 is placed in the tube 4 and pressed into the tube 4 from the hole of the nip pad 2 to pass therethrough. The compressive stress acts on the inside of the machining tool by the pressing force 1 1 applied to the inlet side of the die casting mold. As a result, the tube 4 can completely contact the plunger 5 and the die-casting mold 2 in the entire circumferential direction in the same cross section regardless of the inlet side or the outlet side of the machining tool. Moreover, even if it is a slight reduction ratio, the inside of the machining tool becomes a compressive stress, so that the pipe and the plunger, the pipe and the die-casting mold can be completely brought into contact with the entire circumference in the same section as in the extension. Therefore, it is easy to smooth the tube, and a tube of high dimensional accuracy can be obtained. As a result, if the fatigue strength of the tubes is compared, the tubes manufactured by punching can obtain the sufficient fatigue strength required for the target than the tubes manufactured by the conventional extension. Further, in the case of punching, even if the reduction ratio is small, the smoothing of the inside and outside of the tube can be achieved, so that the processing skew does not increase as compared with the case of the extension, so the heat treatment load after the diameter reduction is also light, and manufacturing Reduce costs. 326\总档\93\93109912\93109912 (replacement)-1 94 |〇9 8 21 1253963 In the press-in using the conventional rotary forging machine 8 shown in Fig. 3, the split type is used in the circumferential direction. Since the die-casting mold 9 is divided and the die-casting mold is shaken and processed in the 12 direction, a step is generated and the wall thickness accuracy is not sufficiently good. In contrast, in the present invention, such a step is not caused at all, and as a result, the inside of the tube The outside can be smoothed to obtain sufficient fatigue strength. In the present invention, for example, the die-casting mold may be an integral die-casting mold to eliminate the step, or as a fixed-type die-casting mold to prevent a step caused by the shaking. Of course, it is also possible to set the die-casting mold as an integral type and a fixed-type die-casting mold to prevent the step. Further, in the present invention, as compared with the method of using a conventional rotary forging machine and shaking the die-casting mold, the structure of the apparatus can be simplified, and a sufficient load can be applied during processing, even if compared with the inlet side of the die-casting mold. Since the wall thickness is set to be equal to or smaller than the thickness on the outlet side to increase the load, sufficient processing can be performed. Therefore, a wide range of required sizes can be obtained, and a tube having good dimensional accuracy and sufficient fatigue strength can be obtained. Conventionally, the deviation of the outer diameter of the metal pipe, the deviation of the inner diameter, and the variation of the thickness in the circumferential direction were set to three. A method of 0% or less is known as a method of mechanical processing (processing with partial removal of materials), but the processing cost of the method is extremely high, work efficiency is poor, and processing of a metal tube having a long size and a small diameter is difficult. Therefore, it is quite difficult to apply the drive shaft of an automobile part or the like. As a method of recognizing the metal pipe obtained by the above-described machining and the metal pipe (the metal pipe of the punched state of the present invention), the surface of the metal pipe is adhered by heating, rolling, or the like in the previous step of the production. Rust 22 312 / invention manual (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 (scale), in contrast, the machine removes the scale, so the method of observing the surface condition of the tube can be cited. Identify. In addition, the thickness of the metal pipe is several times better than that of the pipe manufactured by a conventional rotary rotary forging machine and a method in which a steel pipe is pressed into a die-casting die (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). That is to say, in the past, in the state of punching, it is not possible to obtain either or both of the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation at 3. 0% or less of steel pipe. In the present invention, the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation, which are indicators of the dimensional accuracy, are obtained in the following manner. The outer diameter (or inner diameter) deviation is obtained by contacting the outer surface (or inner surface) of the tube from the micro counter (micr 〇meter) and rotating the outer diameter (or inner diameter) of the tube to calculate the target outer diameter. The maximum deviation of (or the target inner diameter), or the circumferential distribution data of the distance between the tube and the laser vibration source measured by the laser light irradiated on the outside (or the inner surface) of the tube, and the target outer diameter (or the target inner diameter) is calculated. The maximum deviation. Alternatively, the circumferential direction of the image analysis tube may be used to calculate the deviation between the circumferential direction and the perfect circle, thereby calculating the deviation of the outer diameter (or the inner diameter). The circumferential wall thickness deviation is calculated as the difference between the circumferential direction distribution data of the outer diameter and the circumferential direction distribution data of the inner diameter, or the circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the direct measurement is performed from the image of the wall thickness profile. The maximum deviation of the target wall thickness. Further, the measurement system was removed from the front and rear end portions of the tube at an arbitrary position of 1 500 m, and was measured at a pitch of 10 m or less, and was obtained by a value of a measurement point of 10 or more points. 23 312/Invention Manual (Repair)/93-06/93109912 1253963 That is, the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the wall thickness deviation (= circumferential wall thickness deviation) are defined as follows. Outer diameter deviation: (maximum outer diameter - minimum outer diameter) / target outer diameter (or average outer diameter) X 1 0 0 ( % ) inner diameter deviation: (maximum inner diameter - minimum inner diameter) / target inner diameter (or average Inner diameter) X 1 0 0 (%) Wall thickness deviation: (maximum wall thickness - minimum wall thickness) / target wall thickness (or average wall thickness) X10 0 (%) The high dimensional precision tube of the present invention is the above three One or more of the dimensional accuracy indicators become 3. Metal pipes below 0%, so can be applied to a requirement of 3 . A metal pipe such as a high-precision automotive drive system component of 0% or less. Further, in the conventional rotary forging press method shown in Figs. 3A and 3B, the die-casting mold 9 is used as a divided object and is shaken in the direction of 12, so that the step is caused by the division of the die-casting mold, Or, due to the uneven deformation of the rigidity of the die-casting molds in the circumferential direction under high stress, it is not possible to produce a pipe having a sufficiently good circumferential thickness deviation. In contrast, in the punching of the present invention, the die-casting mold is integrally formed without the necessity of vigorously shaking it, so that uneven deformation does not occur, and as a result, the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the tube can be smoothed. Further, in the conventional rotary forging press method, the die casting mold 9 must be oscillated in the direction of 12 and fed into the tube 4, so that the shaking speed cannot be raised to a constant value due to the impact load limit of the die casting mold. Above, the processing efficiency is low. In addition, in the conventional extension method, there is a strong clamping of the tube 24 326 \ total file \93\93109912\93109912 (replace)-1 94. 10. 2 8 1253963 The need to apply tension at the front end, so the front end of the tube must be narrowed to extend the tube, and processing must be performed in a single operation, resulting in a significant reduction in processing efficiency. On the other hand, in the present invention, since the punching process is performed and the plunger is made to float, the tube feeding mechanism 3 is used, and the pressing force 1 1 is applied to the tube from the inlet side of the die-casting mold to be continuously fed into the die-casting mold. Compared with the conventional method, the processing efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition, the term "continuous feed" as used herein means that the tube 4 and the next tube 4 are fed without interruption, and the tube body is moved in the direction in which the tube passes. The state can also be an intermittent movement that continuously moves or sets the stop time to a minimum. A preferred example of the tube feeding mechanism 3 is a crawler belt 13 that grasps the tube 4 before processing (the one that holds the small piece of the grip tube into an infinite rail shape; see FIG. 5) and the tube before the press processing 4 endless endless belt 14 (refer to Fig. 6), intermittently feeding the intermittent feeding machine 1 5 (see Fig. 7) which is intermittently fed intermittently before processing, and presses of the tube before the pressing process ( The illustration is omitted, and the hole mold roller 16 (see FIG. 8) of the tube before machining is clamped. One or two or more of these may be combined to form the tube feeding mechanism 3. The pipe feeding mechanism is appropriately selected by the size (pipe diameter, length, wall thickness) of the pipe, the force necessary for the punching pipe, the length required for the pipe after punching, etc., but when the pipe is prevented or pressed It is also important to ensure the necessary punching force at the same time. Further, in the case where the tube before the processing is sandwiched by the die roll, if the form of the roll of the two rolls or more is used, and/or the form of the roll of the roll is set to two or more, the tube can be produced without being formed on the tube. It is easy to ensure punching force, so it is ideal. 25 326\Total file\93\93109912\93109912 (replace)-1 94 10. 2 8 1253963 In addition, if the plunger is floated, the punching conditions that have a complicated correlation with the angles of the die-casting mold and the plunger, the lubrication of the die-casting mold and the surface of the plunger, etc., are changed because the plunger is always present in the stable application. There is a position of compressive stress, so it can be stabilized and obtain good dimensional accuracy. In addition, in the manufacturing process of the high-precision tube, if the outer surface of the plunger and the inner surface of the tube, the inner surface of the die-casting mold, and the outer surface of the tube are lubricated, no defects such as burning or the like are generated on the surface of the tube during the processing, so that the surface can be manufactured. Good quality tube. Further, since the friction is reduced by lubrication, the load necessary for the processing can be reduced, and the processing energy can be reduced and the production efficiency can be improved. The inventors of the present invention reviewed the results of various lubrication methods and found the following methods as elements of the present invention. In other words, the lubricating film is formed in advance on either or both of the inner surface and the outer surface of the tube, and then punched. As the lubricant for forming the lubricating film, any of a liquid lubricant, a grease-based lubricant, and a drying resin can be used. Examples of the liquid lubricant include mineral oil, synthetic esters, animal and vegetable oils, and the like, and additives such as those mixed therein. Examples of the grease-based lubricant include a L i-based grease lubricant, a Na-based grease lubricant, and the like, such as molybdenum disulfide or the like. The drying resin may, for example, be a polypropylene resin, an epoxy resin, a polyethylene resin or a polyester resin. A method of forming a lubricating coating using the above resin is to apply the above resin or a solution obtained by diluting the resin with a solvent or an emulsion of the above resin onto a tube. Then, it is preferred to blow it with warm air to dry or air dry. Examples of the solvent for diluting the above resin include ethers, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, linear and side chain hydrocarbons. Examples of the dispersion medium for obtaining the above-mentioned resin emulsification 26 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 liquid include water, alcohols, and the like. In addition, in order to manufacture a high-precision tube with high efficiency, it is possible to directly process an electric seam steel pipe directly welded by hot-welding steel sheets or a seamless steel pipe directly heated in a furnace without removing rust. If done in this way, the processing cost can be reduced. In the conventional cold drawing method and the rotary forging press method, only the processing for reducing the diameter is performed. It can only obtain the same degree of processing from the original tube of the same size, and it is almost impossible to manufacture tubes of the same outer diameter with different degrees of processing. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is to provide the plunger 1 with the expanded portion 1 A for expanding the tube 4 and the reduced diameter of the tube 4 to be expanded under the cooperation with the die-casting mold 2. Diameter part 1 B. Thereby, a tube of a certain size having a different degree of processing can be manufactured by using the same size of the original tube. This is because even if the size of the original tube and the tube after punching are set to be constant, the diameter reduction ratio of the reduced diameter portion of the plunger is inevitably increased only by increasing or decreasing the expansion ratio of the expanded portion of the plunger. As a result, the degree of processing of the obtained tube also differs. Expansion rate=1—D0/D1 Reduction rate=1—D2/D1 where D 0 : outer diameter D1 of the original tube: target outer diameter D2 after pipe expansion: target outer diameter after diameter reduction In addition, in the present invention From the viewpoint of improving the production efficiency, it is preferable to continuously supply the tube to the die-casting mold continuously. In this case, if the plunger is supported by the inlet side or the outlet side of the die casting mold, the mechanism 27 312 for the support rod or the wire or the like (invention)/93-06/93109912 1253963 will become an obstacle, It is difficult to supply the pipe continuously. Therefore, it is preferable to have the plunger float inside the tube. Further, in order to stabilize the punching of the present invention, it is necessary to stabilize the plunger during processing. That is to say, it must not be displaced from the proper position of the relative die casting mold. A review was also made on this point. The plunger is subjected to surface pressure from the tube by expanding and reducing the diameter. Further, it is known that the plunger can be stabilized by setting the surface pressure on the reduced diameter side to be larger than the diameter expansion side. In order to make the surface pressure of the reduced diameter side larger than that of the expanded diameter side, one of the methods is as shown in FIG. 9, and the taper angle 0 A of the expanded diameter portion 1 A of the plunger 1 is set to be less than the reduced diameter portion. The method of 1 B cone angle 0B is very effective. Here, the angle of the taper of the plunger portion means the angle formed by the surface of the portion with a line 17 parallel to the central axis of the plunger in the traveling direction of the tube. Also, it is preferable that 0Α = Ο·3 to 35 degrees, and 0B = 3 to 45 degrees. Alternatively, if the reduction ratio is set to be larger than the expansion ratio, it is effective to set the outer diameter of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold to be smaller than the outer diameter of the tube on the inlet side. In the present invention, since the integral type fixed die-casting mold can be used, the step difference caused by the division of the die-casting mold or the uneven deformation in the circumferential direction is not caused at all. As a result, both the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the tube can be smoothed. Further, by using an integrally fixed die-casting mold, a sufficient load can be applied during processing. By setting the wall thickness on the outlet side of the die-casting mold to be the same as or smaller than the inlet side of the same mold, it can be sufficiently processed even if the load is increased. As a result, a tube having good dimensional accuracy can be obtained. The range of tube sizes that can be manufactured can be expanded from a single tube size. Further, in order to perform the punching process for the stabilization, it is necessary to use a plunger and a die-casting mold which satisfy the requirements found by the inventors, etc. 28 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963. The requirement is that the surface of the reduced diameter portion of the plunger is at an angle to the machining center axis (the angle of the plunger reduced diameter portion) is 5 to 40 degrees, and the length of the same portion (the length of the plunger reduced diameter portion) is 5 to 1 0 0 mm, and the angle between the inner surface of the hole on the inlet side of the die-casting mold and the machining center axis (the angle of the die-casting mold) is 5 to 40 degrees. Further, it is preferable that the length of the bearing portion of the plunger (the length of the plunger bearing portion) is 5 to 2 0 m m. Here, the machining center axis means a shaft perpendicular to the diameter direction of the plunger in the plunger and passing through the center of the same cross section, and a diametrical cross section perpendicular to the die casting die hole in the die casting mold and passing through the center of the same cross section The shaft and the bearing portion refer to a cylindrical portion that is connected to the smallest diameter portion of the reduced diameter portion. The reason for specifying the plunger and the die-casting mold as described above is as follows. (Plunger diameter of the plunger: 5 to 40 degrees) If the angle of the diameter of the plunger is less than 5 degrees, the plunger may fall off together with the material (: tube). On the other hand, if the plunger When the angle of the reduced diameter portion exceeds 40 degrees, the plunger and the material are clogged in the die-casting mold, and the punching process cannot be performed. (Plunger diameter reduction section length: 5 to 1 0 0 mm) If the length of the plunger diameter reduction section is set to less than 5 m πι ^, the column base may fall off together with the material. On the other hand, if the plunger is reduced in diameter, When the length of the portion exceeds 1 〇〇in m, the friction between the plunger and the material increases, and both of them become clogged in the die-casting mold and cannot be punched. (The angle of the die-casting mold: 5 to 40 degrees) If the angle of each die is set to less than 5 degrees, the material may fall off together with the material when the plunger enters the material. On the other hand, if the angle of the die-casting mold exceeds 29 312 /Inventive manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 After 40 degrees, there is a case where the plunger and the material are clogged in the die-casting mold and become unprocessed. (Plunger bearing length: 5 to 200 mm) The force which is separated from the inlet side of the die-casting mold by the material associated with the reduced diameter portion and the reaction force plug from the die-casting mold, but balanced with the plunger The force on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is such that the plunger is stabilized here, so that it is preferable to use a bearing portion on the plunger to act on the surface thereof. In the review by the inventors of the present invention, in order to achieve sufficient stabilization of the frictional force, the length of the plunger bearing portion can be set to 5~ when the length of the plunger bearing portion is less than 5 mm, the extrusion column is The friction of the plug is sufficient, and the plunger is easily pressed back into the die casting mold by the reaction force of the material and the die-casting mold. On the other hand, if the length of the plunger bearing portion exceeds 200 mm, the friction boring plunger is easily pressed out of the die-casting mold side. Both will cause the plunger to be positioned. Further, in the present invention, by floating the plunger, even if the punching hole having a complicated correlation with the angle of the die-cast plug or the lubrication of the surface is changed, the plunger can be placed to obtain a stress which is always stable. The location of the state. Further, when the wall thickness of the wall thickness side of the die-casting die is less than the thickness, the stability of the punching process is further improved. When punching is performed, the plunger is clogged in the tube to increase the load, and the original tube that is pressed into is bent and becomes unprocessable. It is necessary to prevent the bending of the original tube in advance due to the stable punching process. The person is looking at the load when punching. That is to say, it is necessary to apply to the column because of the punching of the 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912. Friction paired column 2 0 0 mm 〇 force is not π side, f is too large, and the compression of the mold and the column condition is set to enter, so the result is . Here, the load in the punching direction is significantly increased when the plug of the column 30 1253963 is blocked, and the punching can be performed as long as the load is below a certain value, and when the specific value is exceeded, the punching becomes impossible. Just change the conditions to the appropriate conditions. This specific value is referred to herein as the punch limit load. Since the original tube to be pressed is bent when the punching is impossible, the punching limit load can be set from the bending formula of the display tube, and the punching can be stably performed in the following load. The equation for the bending of the display tube is known as the Euler equation (E u 1 erequati ο η ) obtained from the elastic modulus of the material, but in the review by the inventors, etc., it shows a value different from the actual phenomenon. It is completely unusable. Here, various curved results different from this were examined, and it was found that Equation 4 below can best represent the actual phenomenon. [Formula 4] σ k X Original tube sectional area where ' cjk = YSx(l — a χ λ ) λ=(ί/νΛ n)/ka = (Κ 0 0 1 8 5 〜 0 · 0 1 5 5 L : Original tube length k: section secondary radius k2 = (di2 + d22) / 16 η : tube end state (η = 0. 2 5~4 ) d 1 : Original pipe outer diameter d 2 : Original pipe inner diameter YS : The yield strength of the original pipe is stable and punched, and the load (measured load) in the measured punching direction does not exceed the formula 4 For the case of calculating the value (negative load, load), simply continue to punch the hole 31 312 / invention manual (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 hole, and if it exceeds the case, temporarily interrupt the punching, change the condition and then Start punching. In the case where it is considered that the formula 4 is slightly complicated, and it is desired to judge more easily, the following formula 5 which is simplified by the formula 4 can be used. [Embodiment 5] The original tube yield strength YSX original tube sectional area is larger than that of the formula 4, and the perforation limit load is enlarged to a maximum of about 10%, and the inventors have grasped that it can be easily and sufficiently performed. determination. In addition, in the case of a raw pipe having a relatively short punching force (for example, a degree of 0. 2 mm or less), or even if the pipe is slightly bent, the processing speed is increased to increase the load so that the die-casting mold does not crack. For the case of rapid processing, the following Equation 6 can also be used. [Formula 6] The tensile strength of the original tube TSX original tube sectional area, and the measurement method of the above-described measurement load (the actual load in the punching direction) is preferably a load unit provided on the punch which is provided in the punching process. The measurement or the method in which the die-casting mold is floated from the gantry and is measured by a load unit integrated with the die-casting mold. In addition, when the measured load exceeds the calculated load calculated by any of Formulas 4 to 6, that is, as a measure for determining that it is not machinable, the punching process may be temporarily interrupted, and the die-casting mold and/or After the plunger is exchanged for other shapes corresponding to the same product tube size, the processing is started. Here, the die-casting molds and/or the plungers of other shapes corresponding to the same product tube size are obtained from the same original tube, and therefore can be selected from those having the same reduction ratio. Further, as a more stable processing condition, according to the inventors' examination 32 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963, it is preferable to use the angle of the die-casting mold and the plunger after exchange. (Refer to Figure 1 〇) Set to be smaller than before the exchange. Further, as a more stable processing condition, the type of the lubricant applied to the original tube may be changed. From the viewpoint of simplicity, when the lubricant is applied by a method of immersing the original tube in the lubricant in the coating tank, it takes time to exchange the lubricant in the coating tank, and thus it is difficult to carry out the high. The frequency is changed in kind. Therefore, as a lubricant, it is important to pre-advance experiments to select a load that can significantly reduce the direction of punching. In contrast, in the case of the punching process of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, the plunger 1 is loaded into the tube 4, and the tube 4 is pressed into the hole of the die-casting mold 2 and passed therethrough. Here, the plunger may be in contact with the entire inner surface of the tube inside the processing tool, and the hole may be in contact with the entire outer circumference of the tube inside the processing tool. The compressive stress acts on the inside of the machining tool by the pressing force 1 1 applied to the inlet side of the die casting mold 2. As a result, the tube 4 can sufficiently contact the plunger 1 and the die-casting mold 2 even on either the inlet side or the outlet side inside the machining tool. Moreover, even if it is a slight reduction ratio, the inside of the processing tool becomes a compressive stress. Therefore, compared with the extension, the tube and the plunger, the tube and the die-casting mold are easily in contact with each other, and the tube is easily smoothed, and a high-precision tube can be obtained. . Further, in the case of punching, even if the reduction ratio is small, the smoothing of the inside and outside of the tube can be achieved, and the processing skew does not increase as compared with the case of the extension, so that the heat treatment load after the diameter reduction is light or the heat treatment can be omitted. Reduce manufacturing costs. Here, the device of the present invention is characterized in that the plunger 1 is in contact with the entire inner surface of the metal pipe 4; the die-casting mold 2 has contact with the same pipe 4 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93 -06/93] 09912 33 1253963 The outer circumference of the hole; and the tube press 3 for pressing into the same tube 4, and the metal can be pressed by the tube press 3 while the plunger 1 is placed in the tube A punching hole that is pressed into the hole of the die-casting mold 2 to pass therethrough. In the press-fitting using the conventional rotary forging machine 8 shown in Fig. 3, the split die-casting mold 9 of the integral type is divided in the circumferential direction, and the split mold 9 is shaken in the 12 direction, thereby causing a step difference or a high stress. The unevenness of the die-casting mold which is different in the circumferential direction causes uneven deformation, so that the thickness accuracy cannot be sufficiently good. On the other hand, in the apparatus configured to perform the hole of the present invention, since the metal tube passes through the hole of the die-casting mold having the hole which contacts the outer circumference in the same cross section, the step difference caused by the die-casting mold is not generated at all. As a result, both the inner and outer sides of the tube can be smoothed. In the present invention, the die-casting mold uses an integral fixed die-casting mold. The conventional structure of the split die-casting mold mounted on the rotary forging machine can simplify the structure of the apparatus. A sufficient negative can be applied during processing. Even if the wall thickness on the outlet side is set to be equal to or lower than the wall thickness on the inlet side of the die-casting mold, the load is increased, and sufficient processing can be performed. Among the required product sizes of the range, a tube having a remarkably good dimensional accuracy can be obtained. Further, in the present invention, the plunger is floated. Even if the punching conditions of the die-casting mold and the degree of the plunger, the die-casting mold, and the lubrication of the plunger surface are complicated, the plunger is always stably present at the position where the compressive stress is applied, so that good dimensional accuracy can be obtained. Further, in the conventional extension processing, it is necessary to narrow the front end of the tube to the portion, and it is necessary to perform the processing in a single operation. In contrast, in the present invention, the 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 performs the tube 4 using a cutting force on the circular wall to divide the tube into a tube, and the carrier is in the angle of the wide metal. Change the cause of the extension, no 34 1253963 The need to narrow the front end of the tube, you can directly press the tube one by one. If the plunger is floated, it can be continuously punched, which can significantly improve productivity. Further, in the case where the length of the tube is short, it is possible to maintain high productivity and to manufacture a high-precision tube by intermittently pressing the actor as a tube press. In addition, the tube press can also support the body of the tube for pressing, or the single end of the tube. The tubes necessary for punching are available in a variety of sizes. In the punching, in order to change the outer diameter size of the product, it is necessary to prepare a die-casting mold having a different hole mold to exchange the die-casting mold with each change in the outer diameter of the product. Further, the die size of the die-casting mold is usually expressed by the diameter, the angle, and the taper length. However, the outer diameter of the product differs depending on the minimum number of ton units and each small batch. In the process of changing it, it is necessary to remove the die-casting mold used in the front and install the next used die-casting mold, and install the die-casting mold. The accuracy is strictly specified as ± 0. 1 m m unit, so it takes a lot of time and labor. In order to reduce the time and labor for the exchange of the die-casting molds, the inventors of the present invention have found that it is sufficient to prepare the die-casting molds of various hole molds corresponding to the outer diameter of the product, and arrange them in order. In a method of manufacturing a high-precision tube in which a plunger is loaded into a tube to float and continuously or intermittently presses the tube into a die-casting mold to pass the punching process, the orifice mold is arranged on the same circumference. Different plural die casting molds. Only the die-casting die corresponding to the hole die of the target product size is rotationally moved in the circumferential direction of the array, and is disposed in the wire for punching. In the case where the size of the target product of the secondary pipe is different from that of the front pipe, the die-casting die of the hole die corresponding to the outer diameter may be rotationally moved and placed in the wire for punching. 35 312 / invention specification (supplement) /93-06/93109912 1253963 one of them, as shown in Fig. 11, to die through the die 4 of the tube 4; press the tube 4 into the die casting die 2 through the wire The inner tube press 3; and the plurality of die-casting molds 2, 2 0, ... 2 0 are supported by the same circumference and are carried in the circumferential direction. It is easy to carry out the use of a device having a die-casting mold 2 having any one of them arranged in a line by a die-casting mold rotating table 19. In addition, another method is to arrange a plurality of die-casting molds having different hole patterns on the same straight line, so that any one of the die-casting molds moves in a linear direction corresponding to the product size, and is disposed in the line for punching. can. It is shown in Fig. 12, which is a press machine 2 which will pass through the die-casting die 2 of the pipe 4; the pipe 4 is pressed into the die-casting die 2 passing through the wire; and a plurality of die-casting molds 2, 2 0, ... 2 0 is supported by the form arranged on the same straight line and carried in a straight line. It is easy to carry out the use of a device having a die-casting die 2 in which any one of the die-casting molds 2 is disposed in the wire. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out the loading of the plunger efficiently. If the plunger can be easily exchanged during the die-casting die exchange, the efficiency can be improved. Since the plunger 1 used in the previous processing is retained in the die-casting mold, it is also removed while being exchanged with the die-casting mold. It suffices that the plunger 22 required for the next processing is placed in the tube in the exchange of the die-casting mold. Therefore, in the first and second methods of the above-described method of the present invention, when the front tube and the secondary tube are changed in size, it is preferable to stop the secondary tube on the inlet side of the die-casting mold after the punching of the front tube is completed. Preferably, the plunger 2 2 corresponding to the same product size is loaded into the secondary tube before or after the movement of the die-casting mold corresponding to the size of the product of the secondary tube. Thereby, in addition to the die-casting mold, the plunger can be exchanged efficiently. 36 312/Invention Manual (Supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 When punching, the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is easily bent. When the tube is bent, the tube cannot be a product, so that it is necessary to perform processing in such a manner that the tube does not bend. In the conventional extension, since the front end of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is sandwiched and the tension is applied one by one, the processing efficiency is low, but the tube is guided to the extending direction, so that it is not easily bent. However, in the case of punching, the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold can be freely moved, depending on the processing precision of the die-casting mold, the wall thickness accuracy of the tube before processing or the surface state, the uneven lubrication state of the die-casting mold and the plunger, and the like. In the case, the tube is easily bent. Therefore, there is a strong demand for a technique for preventing the bending of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold. Here, the inventors of the present invention conducted an experiment in which a guide cylinder was provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of the press mold to guide the tube through the guide cylinder for the bending of the tube after punching. When the guide cylinder is provided on either the inlet side and the outlet side of the die-casting mold, the tube becomes less likely to be bent, and if the guide cylinder is provided on both sides, it is less likely to be bent, and the position of the guide cylinder is closer to the die-casting mold. The more difficult the exit is to bend. Therefore, the guide cylinder can be placed in the vicinity of the inlet side and the outlet side of the die casting mold. That is to say, it can also be placed on the exit side of the die-casting mold and in close proximity to the die-casting mold. However, it has been found that there is a case where the bending cannot be sufficiently prevented depending on the bending direction of the tube. In order to sufficiently prevent the bending regardless of the bending direction of the tube, it is necessary to make the gap between the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the guiding cylinder almost zero. However, if this is the case, it is found that there is a problem that the tube is too close to the guide cylinder to generate flaws, or the punching force is remarkably increased. The inventors of the present invention have grasped that the bending of the tube occurs at the position closest to the die-casting die outlet side 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 37 1253963. That is to say, because of the processing precision of the die-casting mold, the wall thickness accuracy of the pipe before processing or the surface state, the uneven lubrication state of the die-casting mold and the plunger, residual stress is generated on the pipe, which is closest to the exit side of the die-casting die. At this point, the residual stress is liberated and is easily bent. Here, if the mechanism for adjusting the bending direction of the tube is provided closest to the exit side of the die-casting mold, the bending of the tube can be sufficiently prevented. As a result of intensive review, the inventors have disposed a pipe bending fine adjustment mechanism at the exit side closest to the die-casting mold, which has a hole die passing through the pipe, and a support substrate that supports the hole die so as to be in the direction of the pipe Vertical in-plane movement; and a hole die moving mechanism supported by the support substrate for moving the hole die. By slightly moving the surface of the support substrate by using the above-described hole mold moving mechanism, by passing the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold in the hole mold at a position in the plane perpendicular to the pipe direction in advance, Fully prevent the tube from bending. In order to finely adjust the position of the hole mold, for example, using a complex dummy tube before actual production, a punching operation experiment for changing the position of the hole mold at a few points is performed to determine the bending of the tube, and the variable of the position of the hole mold and the tube after punching are obtained. The relationship of the bending variables. In the actual production, if the bending of the tube seems to exceed the specified threshold, it is preferable to move the hole mold to an orientation in which the bending becomes small based on the above relationship. The hole pattern moving mechanism is preferably one or two or more places that press the tapered surface of the wedge-shaped mold that moves in the direction of the pipe in the direction perpendicular to the pipe direction, for example, by screws. Alternatively, for example, it is preferable that the fluid pressure cylinder (hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, etc.) directly presses or pulls one or more of the outer peripheral portions of the orifice mold in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the passage tube. 38 312/Invention Manual (Supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 If the hole diameter of the hole die is set larger than the exit hole diameter of the die-casting die, the pipe will not be blocked at the exit side of the die-casting die during the punching process and can be smoothly processed. In particular, if the exit aperture of the die-casting mold is within + 〇 m m to + 3 n m, it is preferable to perform micro-finishing. Moreover, the hole of the hole die may be a straight hole or a tapered hole. Further, of course, a large hollow portion through which a sufficient gap can pass through the same tube can be provided on the support substrate at a position intersecting the tube passage from the die-casting mold. In addition, if the inlet side of the die-casting mold and/or the outlet side of the tube bending fine-tuning mechanism are provided, a guide tube for passing the tube into the die-casting mold and/or a tube passing through the tube bending fine-tuning mechanism is provided, and the tube enters the tube substantially vertically and/or Since the tube bending micro-mechanism is pressed substantially vertically, it is easier to prevent the tube from being bent. Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to continuously feed the tube and press it into the die casting mold. By the continuous feeding tube, the frictional heat generated by the die-casting mold and the plug or the heat of the processing is stabilized compared with the case of single-time processing, so that the bending can be further prevented. Further, in the punching, since it is not necessary to perform the waxing process for the extension machine for holding the pipe end on the exit side of the die-casting die as in the case of the extension, it is continuously conveyed in the form of the end of the pipe before the front end of the pipe is pressed. Can be highly productive. In the case of the conventional extension, it is necessary to have a sufficient slip film for obtaining high dimensional accuracy, and for this purpose, a well-lubricated phosphate treatment is performed. In this method, the tube is preliminarily pickled to remove the oxidized money, and then washed with water to neutralize the acid. Thereafter, the tube is immersed in a phosphate-treated bath to form a lubricating film, and then impregnated into a bath of metal soap to form a film, and then 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 hole The small adjustment of the adjustment is preceded by the use of the hot air of the 39 1253963 to dry the tube. For this reason, these steps take several hours or more. If the equipment column for the extension of the tube is incorporated into these steps, the productivity is significantly hindered, so the treatment is carried out in other steps. On the other hand, according to the punching process, even if the reduction ratio is reduced, it is easy to obtain high dimensional accuracy, so that the tube can be easily lubricated. That is, even if the tube is not pickled, it may be dried by hot air after the coating of the lubricant. For continuous punching, the straight angle of the end face of the tube is of the utmost importance, and a grinding device for grinding the straight angle is required. These treatments prior to the punching process are most efficient in grinding the straight angle of the end face of the tube, impregnating the coating lubricant, and drying. From this point of view, in the present invention, the tube end surface grinding device that grinds the end surface of the tube perpendicular to the tube axis direction, the lubricant that is coated with the lubricant on the tube is dipped into the coating tank, and the lubricant is applied. Since the order of the drying apparatus for drying the tubes is arranged in the equipment row on the inlet side of the punching apparatus, the high-precision tube can be efficiently manufactured. In addition, the straight angle grinding of the end face of the pipe is performed immediately after cutting the pipe into a short pipe. Since it is more efficient, the equipment row of the present invention is preferably disposed on the inlet side of the pipe end grinding device to cut the pipe into a short pipe. Cutting device. Further, the lubricant may be used as a film which can be easily formed by drying, and may be dried after being impregnated and coated on the inlet side of the punching apparatus, or may be a die-casting mold inlet in the punching apparatus. The side is nearly blown and then dried, or if the lubricity is better, the drying may be omitted and the tube may be punched in a wet state. Therefore, the apparatus of the present invention can be arranged in place of the above-mentioned lubricant-dip coating tank and the above-mentioned drying apparatus on the inlet side of the die-casting mold of the above-mentioned punching apparatus, in place of the above-mentioned lubricant immersion coating tank and the above-mentioned drying apparatus. After the lubricant is blown on the lubrication pipe or the lubricant is sprayed onto the pipe, the dry lubricant is blown to the drying device. Further, in order to further improve the efficiency of the punching process, it is preferable to set the mold and the plunger to be easily exchanged on the production line, and to perform tubeless bending in the die casting mold. From the viewpoints of the above, in the apparatus row of the present invention, the punching processing apparatus is provided, and the die-casting mold exchange device for exchanging the mold and the plunger exchange device for exchanging the plunger are disposed at the outlet side of the die-casting mold. The bending of the tube prevents one or more devices in the device. Preferably, the die-casting mold (or plunger) exchange device is configured in a sequence of use and maintains a plurality of die-casting molds (or plungers) of different sizes (and/or shapes) for placement in a designated through-line position. Composition. The bending prevention is preferably a movable disk or the like using a through hole having a tube, and the tube closest to the exit side of the die can be configured to be opposite to the direction in which the tube is to be bent. Further, there are many cases in which the conventionally used extension or the tube used for the surface pickling after the processing is used in the present invention, so that it can be pickled and then shipped. In the case of the extension, in the case of the addition of the phosphate treatment, in order to form a strong film of the lubricant, it is necessary to pickle the acid, and it is necessary to carry out the removal of the lubricant after the stretching process. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the acid twice. wash. In contrast, in the case of the labor, the lubrication treatment before the processing can be simply performed, and in the attached 312/invention specification (supplement)/93_06/93109912, the agent is preferably die-casted and prevented on the side of the pressure. The force hole of the two die-casting devices is also in the state of the pickling hole of the pre-work tube, and the rusting of the oxygen is 41 1253963. Therefore, the lubrication processing can be processed into the equipment row, which can be cheap and efficient. Good equipment column. (Example 1) Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. Example 1 . In 1, a steel pipe having an outer diameter of 4 0 ni m X and a wall thickness of 6 m m is subjected to punching processing in the form shown in Fig. 1 . Here, a plunger which is mirror-finished by a surface which is in contact with the inner surface of the tube, and a die-molded mold which is an integral fixed die-casting mold and which is in contact with the outer surface of the tube is processed into a mirror surface. The plunger is fixed at one end into the tube. The processing conditions were set to the exit sidewall thickness = inlet sidewall thickness, and reduction ratio = 10%. Example 1 . 2, in the embodiment 1 . In the first step, the conditions are the same except for the reduction ratio = 5%. Example 1 . 3, in the embodiment 1 . 2 is processed under the same conditions except that the plunger is floated. In addition, as Comparative Example 1, it is in Example 1. 2 is replaced by the punching process of the form shown in Fig. 1 instead of the drawing process of the form shown in Fig. 2, and the thickness of the outlet side is thick. < The processing was performed under the same conditions as the inlet side plate thickness. Further, as Comparative Example 2, the split die casting mold of the form shown in Fig. 3 was used instead of the integral type fixed die casting mold in Example 1.2. The rotary forging machine is incorporated and shaken, and the same processing conditions as the pressing are performed instead of the punching. Further, Comparative Example 3 was processed in Comparative Example 2 except that the processing conditions were the same as the outlet side wall thickness = the inlet side wall thickness + 1 ni m (two 7 m m ). 42 312/Invention Manual (Supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 These steel pipes after the diameter reduction process are subjected to the fatigue test of these steel pipes while obtaining the above three dimensional accuracy indexes. Table 1 shows the results. Further, the outer diameter and the inner diameter deviation shown in Table 1 were obtained by using the above-described laser light measurement, and the difference in the circumferential direction distribution of the measured data was used to determine the circumferential thickness difference of the same table. In addition, the number of endurance limits of the fatigue test shown in Table 1, as shown in Fig. 4, refers to the stress in the test in which the number of repetitions (i.e., the number of endurances) is determined until cracks are generated under a certain stress condition. In the graph in which the relationship between the stress and the endurance times is changed, the stress is reduced from the tendency of the endurance number to the end point of the bending point which becomes a substantially constant bending point, and the larger the value is, the fatigue is increased. The better the strength. That is, in the case of this example, the stress is about 1 5 Ο Μ P a durability number. Referring to Table 1, the product tubes of the examples 1.1 to 1-3 have remarkably good dimensional accuracy and the fatigue strength is also the best, especially if the plunger is floated, the dimensional accuracy can be made better (Examples) 1 . 3 ). On the other hand, in the conventional extension, the dimensional accuracy of the product tube was lowered, and as a result, the fatigue strength was remarkably lowered (Comparative Example 1). Even in the press-fitting using a rotary forging machine, the dimensional accuracy of the product tube was lowered (Comparative Example 2), and if the wall thickness was increased, the thickness was further lowered (Comparative Example 3), so that sufficient fatigue strength could not be obtained. (Example 2) As an example of the present invention, a steel pipe of φ 4 0 mm X 6 m in t X 5 . 5 mm L was used as a raw pipe, and a mirror-mounted plunger and an integral fixed die-casting mold were used to float the plunger. Into the steel pipe, the steel pipe is pressed from the inlet side of the die-casting die by a reduction ratio of 5%, and the wall thickness of the steel pipe on the outlet side of the die-casting die is set to 6 in mt as well as the inlet side of the die-casting die, by 43 312/invention specification (supplement) /93-06/93丨09912 1253963 for punching. Further, as the tube feeding mechanism, the tube was continuously fed into the die-casting mold using the intermittent feeding machine in the form shown in Fig. 7. Further, as Comparative Example 1, the extension of the form shown in Fig. 2 was performed. In this example, the same steel pipe as the above is used as the material, and the same die-casting die and plunger are used, and the plunger is placed in the steel pipe, and the steel pipe is drawn from the outlet side of the die-casting die at the same reduction ratio, and the outlet side of the die-casting die is placed. The steel pipe wall thickness was reduced to 5 · 5 in mt 〇. Further, as a comparative example 2, the rotary forging press method of the form shown in Figs. 3A and 3B was performed. In this example, a steel pipe similar to the above is used as a material, and a rotary forging machine using a split die-casting die is used instead of the integrated fixed die-casting mold, and the same plunger is placed in the steel pipe, and the rotary type is rotated at the same reduction ratio. Forging press-in, the wall thickness of the steel pipe on the exit side of the forging machine is increased to 7 ni mt 〇 The dimensional accuracy (outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and circumferential wall thickness deviation) of the steel pipe manufactured by the method of each of the above examples is measured. ), and investigate processing efficiency. Table 2 shows the results. Further, the outer diameter deviation and the inner diameter deviation are obtained by calculating the deviation of the perfect circle in the circumferential direction by the circumferential cross section of the image decomposing tube. Further, the circumferential wall thickness deviation is a circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the image from the wall thickness cross section is directly measured as the maximum deviation value from the average wall thickness. According to Table 2, the steel pipe manufactured by the punching process of the present invention has a remarkable dimensional accuracy and a good processing efficiency. On the other hand, in the steel pipe manufactured by the extension processing of Comparative Example 1, the dimensional accuracy was lowered. Further, in the steel pipe manufactured by the rotary forging of Comparative Example 2, the dimensional accuracy 44 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 was also lowered. Both the drawing process and the rotary forging press processing process are significantly reduced. (Example 3) [Comparative Example 3.1] By punching as shown in Fig. 1, the surface was subjected to the following conditions of A, and the surface of the hot rolled iron was attached with Φ 4 0 mm X 6 . 0 m in t χ 5 . m L electric seam steel pipe. (Condition A) Plunger: The mirror-mounted plunger is loaded into the tube to make it a floating die-casting mold: the reduction ratio of the integral fixed die-casting mold: 5% The thickness of the steel pipe at the outlet side of the die-casting die: 6.0 mmt (= inlet sidewall thickness) [ Inventive Example 3 . 1] A steel pipe (mineral oil) was applied to both inner and outer surfaces thereof to form a lubricating coating, and then processed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. [Inventive Example 3 . 2 ] The same steel pipe was coated with a grease-based lubricant (addition of molybdenum disulfide to the L i -based grease lubricant) on both the inner and outer surfaces thereof to form a lubricating coating, and the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out. machining. [Inventive Example 3 . 3 ] The same steel pipe was coated with a drying resin (polyalkyl resin) on both inner and outer surfaces, and dried by hot air (about 200 ° C) to form a lubricating film, and a comparative example. 1 is processed in the same way. [Inventive Example 3, 4] The same steel pipe was coated on both the inner and outer surfaces thereof with a solvent (acetone) diluted with a solution of a drying resin (polyalkyl-based resin), and dried by a warm air (about 50 ° C). After the lubricating film was formed, the same work was carried out as in Comparative Example 1. [Inventive Example 3.5] The same steel pipe was coated on both the inner and outer surfaces thereof, and an emulsion obtained by dispersing a drying resin (polyalkyl-based resin) in a dispersion medium (water) was blown with warm air (about 7 (TC)). After drying to form a lubricating film, the same procedure as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out in the form of 45 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963. [Comparative Example 3 . 2 ] The same steel pipe was coated on both inside and outside. After forming a lubricating film, the same liquid lubricant as in the first embodiment of the present invention was subjected to a cold drawing method as shown in Fig. 2, and the force was performed under the following conditions B. (Condition Β) Plunger, die-casting mold, and reduction ratio: The wall thickness of the steel pipe on the exit side of the die-casting die is the same as the condition Α: 5 . 5 mmt ( <Inlet side wall thickness] [Comparative Example 3 . 3 ] The same steel pipe was coated on both the inner and outer surfaces of the same as the liquid lubricant of the first embodiment of the present invention to form a lubricating film, and the rotary forging press method shown in FIG. 3 was used. The processing was carried out under the following C conditions. (Condition C) Plunger: Same as Condition A Die-casting mold: Divided die-casting mold reduction ratio: Same as Condition A: Steel pipe wall thickness at the exit side of the die-casting die: 7. 0 _ t (> Inlet side wall thickness) Table 3 shows the results of measuring the surface flaw state and dimensional accuracy (outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and wall thickness deviation) of the steel pipe produced by the method of each example. Further, the outer diameter deviation and the inner diameter deviation are calculated by the circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the maximum deviation of the perfect circle is calculated in the circumferential direction (that is, (maximum diameter - minimum diameter) / positive circular diameter X 1 0 0 %) is sought. Further, the wall thickness deviation is a circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the image from the wall thickness section has the largest deviation from the average wall thickness (that is, (maximum wall thickness - minimum wall thickness) / average wall thickness X 1 0 0%) and measured directly. Referring to Table 3, each of the inventive examples which were subjected to punching under lubrication, obtained no flaws on the surface of the steel pipe after processing, and a good surface product was obtained. 46 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 Quality and dimensional accuracy are also significantly good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which punching was performed without lubrication, the surface of the steel pipe after the processing was mad. In Comparative Example 2 in which cold drawing was performed under lubrication, the dimensional accuracy was lowered. In Comparative Example 3 in which the rotary forging press processing was performed under lubrication, the dimensional accuracy was lowered. Further, in the present embodiment, the so-called double-sided lubrication in which the lubricating film is formed on both the inner and outer surfaces of the tube is shown. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and includes so-called one-sided lubrication in which the lubricating film is formed on either the inner surface or the outer surface. In this case, in the case of the one-side lubrication, the plague can be effectively prevented from forming the surface on the side of the lubricating film. (Example 4) [Example of the invention] A steel pipe of φ 4 0 mm χ 6 .0 mmt X 5 . 5 m L was used as the original pipe, and the invention is schematically shown in Fig. 1 (: use of expandable pipe and shrinkage) The punching of the plunger of the diameter) expands the original pipe and then reduces the diameter. The target wall thickness on the exit side of the die-casting die is set to 6. 0 in m t as well as the inlet side. The plunger is mirrored and floated inside the tube. The die-casting mold is a fixed-die mold which is formed by mirror-finishing the inner surface of the die-casting die. The expansion ratio, the reduction ratio of the plunger, the taper angles 0 A and 0 B of the expanded portion and the reduced diameter portion, and the target outer diameter D2 of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold (after the diameter reduction) are performed The example is set to the value shown in Table 4. The piping is continuously supplied to the die casting mold. [Comparative Example A] The same tube as above was drilled by the cold drawing method (only reduction in diameter) shown in Fig. 2 . The target wall thickness at the exit side of the die-casting die is set to 6. 0 in in t 47 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963. The plunger is mirrored and floated inside the tube. The die-casting mold system is used to mold the inner surface of the die-casting die hole to form a fixed die-casting mold. The reduction ratio of the plunger and the target outer diameter of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold were set to the values shown in Table 4 according to the example. The pipe system is continuously supplied to the die casting mold. [Comparative Example B] The original tube of the same type as above was drilled by the rotary forging press method (only the diameter can be reduced) shown in Fig. 3 . The omnipotent wall thickness of the die-casting die is set to 6. Ommt. The plunger is mirrored and floated inside the tube. The die-casting mold system uses a split type die-casting mold in which the inner surface of the die-casting die is mirror-finished. The reduction ratio of the plunger and the target outer diameter of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold were set to the values shown in Table 4 according to the example. The pipe system is continuously supplied to the die casting mold. The dimensional accuracy (outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and wall thickness deviation) of the steel pipe manufactured under the conditions of each of these examples was measured. Further, the outer diameter deviation and the inner diameter deviation are calculated by the circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the maximum deviation of the perfect circle is calculated in the circumferential direction (that is, (maximum diameter - minimum diameter) / positive circular diameter X 1 0 0 %) is sought. Further, the wall thickness deviation is a circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the image from the wall thickness section has the largest deviation from the average wall thickness (that is, (maximum wall thickness - minimum wall thickness) / average wall thickness X 1 0 0%) and measured directly. In addition, the section hardness was measured as an index of the degree of processing. Further, as an index for judging whether or not a tube having a certain size can be obtained after the processing, the average outer diameter and the average wall thickness of the processed tube obtained at the same time as the measurement of the dimensional accuracy described above are used. Table 4 shows these results. Referring to Table 4, in any of the examples of the present invention, the dimensional accuracy after processing is remarkably good, and the combination of the modified plunger and the die-casting mold can be used from the same size 48 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 The original tube of 1253963 is obtained with tubes of different sizes and different degrees of processing. On the other hand, in the comparative example, the dimensional accuracy was lowered, and if a tube having a different degree of work was to be obtained from the original tube of the same size, the outer diameter and the wall thickness of a certain size could not be obtained. Also, in meeting 0A < 0B, D2 In the present invention of the present invention, either or both of the DOs, the floating state of the plunger in the tube is temporarily stabilized. Also, the expansion rate a (%) = (Dl-D0) / Dl ><100 reduction ratio b(%) = (Dl - D2)/D1><100 (Example 5) <Inventive Example 5 .1 to 5. 4 > An electric seam steel pipe having an outer diameter of 40 mm x and a wall thickness of 6 mm was used as a raw pipe, and the punching process shown in Fig. 1 was performed using a mirror-mounted plunger and an integrated fixed die-casting mold. Table 5 shows the shape conditions of the plunger and the die-casting mold used (the diameter of the plunger reduced portion, the length of the reduced diameter portion of the plunger, the length of the plunger bearing portion, and the angle of the die-casting mold). The plug is tied to the float inside the tube. The wall thickness at the outlet side of the die-casting mold is set to 5 m m. <Comparative Example 5 . 1 to 5 · 4 > The steel pipe of the same batch as the example of the present invention was used as the original pipe, and the shape conditions of the plunger and the die-casting die to be used were different from those shown in Table 5, and the others were all examples of the present invention. The punching test was performed in the same manner. <Conventional Example 5 . 1 > A steel pipe of the same size as that of the present invention was used as a raw pipe, and the cold drawing process shown in Fig. 2 was carried out using a mirror-mounted plug and an integral fixed die-casting mold. Table 5 shows the shape conditions of the plunger and die-casting mold used. The plunger is attached to the float inside the tube. The wall thickness at the outlet side of the die-casting mold is set to 5 m m. <Conventional Example 5 . 2 > 49 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 A steel pipe of the same batch as that of the present invention is used as a raw pipe, a mirrored plunger is used, and a split die-casting mold is installed. The rotary forging machine performs the rotary forging press processing shown in Figs. 3A and 3B. Table 5 shows the shape conditions of the plunger and die casting mold used. The plunger is attached to the float inside the tube. The wall thickness of the tube on the outlet side of the die-casting mold is 7 m thick. Table 5 shows the dimensional accuracy (wall thickness deviation, inner diameter deviation, and outer diameter deviation) measured for the product tube in the case where the method of each of the above examples can be manufactured and manufactured. Here, the outer diameter deviation and the inner diameter deviation are calculated by the circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the maximum deviation of the perfect circle is calculated in the circumferential direction (that is, (maximum diameter - minimum diameter) / positive circular diameter X 1 0 0 % ) is obtained. Further, the wall thickness deviation is a circumferential cross section of the image analysis tube, and the image from the wall thickness section has the largest deviation from the average wall thickness (that is, (maximum wall thickness - minimum wall thickness) / average wall thickness X 1 0 0%) and measured directly. According to Table 5, in the example of the present invention, the punching process can be completed stably, and the dimensional accuracy of the product tube is remarkably good. On the other hand, in any of the comparative examples, the punching process was not completely successful, and the product tube could not be obtained. In addition, in the conventional example, the dimensional accuracy of the processed product tube is lowered. (Example 6) <Examples 6. 1 > A steel pipe of 0 4 0 mm X 6 mmt χ 5 . 5 in L, YS 4 ◦ Ο Μ P a was used as the original pipe, and in the form shown in Fig. 10, the diameter reduction was performed. The rate is set to 13% of the manufacture of high-precision tubes for punching. At the initial stage of manufacture, a die-casting mold with an angle of 2 degrees and a plunger having an angle of 2 degrees and a tapered surface length of 1 mm were used. The plunger is attached to the float inside the tube. The lubricant is applied to each of the original tubes before processing by dipping the original tube into the coating tank in the lubrication 50 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06 / 93109912 1253963 agent. The lubricant is a polymer lubricant diluted with a quick-drying solvent. During the processing, the load in the punching direction is measured for a long period of time by the above-described measuring method, and the measurement load is compared with the calculated load calculated in the above formula 4, and punching is performed. Further, in the formula 4 of the example, the values of a and η are a = 0 using the optimum value derived from the test in advance. 0 0 1 8 5, η = 1 (corresponding to the state in which the tube end state is freely rotatable) ). In the process of processing the plurality of original tubes, since the measurement load exceeds the calculation load, it is determined that the processing cannot be continued and the processing is interrupted, and the processing conditions are changed as follows. That is to say, the die-casting mold is changed to an angle of 1 degree, and the plunger is replaced by an angle of 1 1 degree and a taper length of 20 mm. After the exchange is started again, the processing of the remaining plurality of original tubes can be successfully completed. Further, in the process of restarting the above-described exchange and processing, the inlet side portion of the die in the middle of the processing of the previously used die-casting mold is cut off from the die-side portion of the die-casting die and separated, and is removed from the designated mounting position. After the previously used die-casting mold is placed in a state in which the tube of the previously used plunger enters the inner portion of the die-casting mold, the next used die-casting mold is attached to the same mounting position, and the same size is used for the next processing. The original tube of the YS is loaded into the plunger used thereafter and the processing is started again. Further, the outlet side portion of the above-mentioned separated tube of the die can be used as an article. The inlet side portion of the die casting mold of the same pipe is used as waste. <Comparative Example 6.1 > The same steel pipe as in Example 6.1 is used as the original pipe, and in the form shown in Fig. 10, a high-precision pipe having a punching process with a reduction ratio of 13% is performed. Manufacture of 51 312/invention manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963. At the initial stage of manufacture, a die-casting mold with an angle of 2 degrees and a plunger with an angle of 2 1 degree and a taper length of 20 mm were used. The plunger is attached to the float inside the tube. The lubricant is applied by dipping the original tube into the lubricant in the coating tank on each of the original tubes before the processing. The lubricant is a polymer lubricant diluted with a quick-drying solvent. The load measurement in the punching direction is not performed during the machining, and the condition change at the time of the abnormality is determined by the judgment of the operator. In the processing of the first plurality of original tubes, the processing is interrupted because the die-casting mold is broken, and the die-casting mold and the plunger are replaced with the same initial conditions, and the lubricant in the lubricant coating tank is all exchanged for molecular weight. The large quick-drying solvent dilutes the polymer lubricant, and then re-processes the part, and the die-casting mold is broken again during the processing to the first tube of the first plurality of tubes. At this time, the machining is interrupted and the next machining condition is replaced. That is to say, the die-casting mold is exchanged for an angle of 1 degree, and the plunger is replaced by an angle of 1 1 degree and a taper length of 20 mm. After the exchange, the processing is resumed, and the processing of the remaining plurality of original tubes can be successfully completed. <Comparative Example 6 . 2 > The same steel tube as in Example 6.1 was used as the original tube, and the production of a high-precision tube having an elongation-reduction ratio of 13% was performed. In the initial stage of manufacture, a die-casting mold with an angle of 2 1 degree and a plunger with an angle of 1 degree and a taper length of 20 mm were used. The plunger is attached to the float inside the tube. On the original tubes before processing, the acid salt treatment and the coating of the metal soap are carried out, and at the same time, the necessary waxing processing on the front end of the tube is applied in the extension (this waxing processing is not required in the punching process) . Load measurement in the direction of punching is not performed during machining, and conditions at the time of abnormality 52 312/Invention manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 The change is determined by the judgment of the operator. In the processing of the first plurality of original tubes, the next processing conditions are replaced because the die-casting mold is broken and the machining is interrupted. That is to say, the die-casting mold is exchanged to an angle of 1 degree, and the plunger is replaced by an angle of 1 1 degree and a taper length of 20 mm. After the exchange, the processing is resumed, and the force of the remaining plurality of original tubes can be successfully completed. With respect to the examples and comparative examples, Table 6 shows the results of the investigation of the dimensional accuracy of the product, and also shows the changing conditions during the processing, the relative processing time, and the loss during processing. The relative processing time is a value obtained by dividing the time (total force, working time/total processing number) required for the processing of each example by the time of Comparative Example 1. The dimensional accuracy is indicated by the wall thickness deviation and the outer diameter deviation. These deviations are obtained from the data of the cross section of the image analysis tube in the circumferential direction, and the wall thickness deviation is obtained for the value of the average wall thickness and the value of the outer diameter deviation for the perfect circle (target outer diameter). As is apparent from Table 6, the high-precision tube can be manufactured stably and efficiently by the present invention. (Embodiment 7) Hereinafter, the present invention will be further specifically described by way of examples. The apparatus of the embodiment 7.1 is combined as shown in Fig. 1. The configuration includes: the entrance side end surface having a mirror surface contact surface of the tube is 28 mm in diameter, the center portion diameter is 30 mm, The plunger 1 with a diameter of 28 mm at the outlet side; is a one-piece fixed die-casting mold, and the inner surface of the hole is a die-casting die with a mirror outlet diameter of 40 in m; and is composed of hydraulic cylinders, and can be "continuously A mode in which the operation mode of any of the "pressure" and "intermittent pressure" is operated, and the press mode in which the pressurizing force acts on the tube in the operation mode thus set, the plunger 1 system 312 / invention manual (supplement) / 93- 06/93〗 09912 53 1253963 A fixed plunger that is fixed at one end and loaded into the tube. The operation mode of the tube press 3 is set to the "intermittent pressure" mode. Using this device, a carbon steel pipe having an outer diameter of 4 0 m m and a wall thickness of 6 in in was punched, and a product pipe having an outer diameter of 3 8 m ηι χ and a wall thickness of 6 m was obtained. In Embodiment 7.2, except that the floating plunger is used instead of the fixed plunger 1 in Embodiment 7.1, the carbon steel pipe having an outer diameter of 4 0 m in X and a wall thickness of 6 in in is used. The punching machine was able to obtain a product tube with an outer diameter of 3 8 mm X and a wall thickness of 6 mm. In the embodiment 7.3, except that the "intermittent pressure" of the operation mode setting of the tube press 3 is switched to the "continuous pressure", the outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of 40 mm. 6 mm carbon steel pipe is punched to obtain a product tube with an outer diameter of 3 8 in m X and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Further, as a comparative example 1, a device which is combined as shown in Fig. 1 is constructed, and the combined configuration includes a diameter of the inlet side end of the surface which is in contact with the inner surface of the tube as a mirror surface of 2 8 m in and a diameter of the central portion of 2 8 Ni in, the plunger 5 with a diameter of 2 6 mm at the outlet side; it is a one-piece fixed die-casting mold, and the inner surface of the hole is a die-casting die with a mirror hole diameter of 38 mm; and it is composed of hydraulic cylinders. A pipe tractor 7 that can exert a traction force on a pipe by an "intermittent pulling" action mode. The plunger 5 is a fixed plunger that is fixed at one end and loaded into the tube. Using this device, the carbon steel steel pipe with an outer diameter of 40 m and a wall thickness of 7 m was subjected to the drawing process, and a product pipe having an outer diameter of 3 8 m m and a wall thickness of 6 m was obtained. Further, in Comparative Example 1, a step of passing the die hole by shrinking the tip end of the steel pipe was required. Further, as Comparative Example 2, the same plunger 5 as in Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the plunger 1 in the embodiment 7 „1, and instead of the die-casting mold 2, it was changed to 312/invention specification (supplement)/93. -06/93109912 54 1253963 The split die-casting mold 9 incorporated in the rotary forging machine 8 (the inner diameter of the outlet side is the same as the diameter of the outlet of the die-casting die 2) is set to be the same as the device shown in Fig. 3, and the rest are the same. Pressing a carbon steel pipe with an outer diameter of 40 mm x and a wall thickness of 5 mm to obtain a product tube having an outer diameter of 3 8 in m X and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Table 7 shows the results of setting the dimensional accuracy of the tubes of these products. The measurement method of the circumferential thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the circumferential direction is as follows. The outer diameter (or inner diameter) is measured by the micro-counter contacting the outer (or inner) surface of the tube and rotating the outer diameter of the tube ( The circumferential direction distribution data of the inner diameter or the inner diameter) is used to calculate the maximum deviation from the true circle. The circumferential wall thickness deviation directly measures the maximum deviation from the target wall thickness from the image of the wall thickness profile. The deviation can also replace the micro-counter contact, from the illumination of the laser The circumferential direction distribution data of the distance between the tube and the laser vibration source is calculated, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation may be calculated by the difference between the circumferential direction distribution data of the outer diameter and the circumferential direction distribution data of the inner diameter. Thick deviation (= circumferential wall thickness deviation), inner diameter deviation and outer diameter deviation are defined as follows: Wall thickness deviation = (maximum wall thickness - minimum wall thickness) / target wall thickness (or average wall thickness) X 1 0 0 (°/〇) Inner diameter deviation: (maximum inner diameter - minimum inner diameter) / target inner diameter (or average inner diameter) X 1 0 0 (°/〇) Outer diameter deviation: (maximum outer diameter - minimum outer diameter) / target outer diameter (or average outer diameter) X 10 0 (%) According to Table 7, the product tube of the device according to the embodiment of the present invention is also significantly good in dimensional accuracy, especially if it is floating More favorable (Example 55 312 / Invention Specification (Supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 7 . 2 ), in addition, a product tube of high dimensional accuracy can be obtained even if punching is continuously performed (Example 7.3) In contrast, in the conventional extension processing, the dimensional accuracy of the product tube is reduced (comparison 7. 1) In the press-in using a rotary forging machine, the dimensional accuracy of the product tube is also lowered (Comparative Example 7.2). (Example 8) [Inventive Example 8 · 1] 0 0 0 ni The steel tube of m χ 6 mmt χ 5 . 5 π] L is used as the original tube, as shown in Fig. 11. The multiple die-casting molds 2, 2 0, ... 2 of the product size corresponding to each tube are processed in advance according to the processing order. The die-casting rotary table 1 is assembled, and then the die-casting die 2 corresponding to the product size of the front pipe 4 is disposed on the passing line, and the front pipe 4 is pressed into the die-casting die 2 by the press-in machine 2 to finish the punching process, and then the die-casting is performed. The die rotating table 19 rotates to sequentially transfer a plurality of die-casting molds, and the die-casting die 2 is replaced with a die-casting die 20 corresponding to the outer diameter of the product of the secondary pipe 7 and disposed in the passing wire. At this time, in the die-casting die 2 0 Before being placed in the line, the plunger 2 is loaded into the secondary tube 5, and then the secondary tube 7 is pressed into the die-casting mold 20 by the press machine 2 to perform punching. These steps are repeated to produce high dimensional precision tubes of various article sizes. [Inventive Example 8 · 2 ] A steel pipe of 0 4 0 丨 11 in X 6 丨 11 mtx 5 . 5 m L is used as the original pipe, as shown in Fig. 12, and the products corresponding to the respective pipes are processed in advance according to the processing order. The plurality of die-casting molds 2, 20, ... 2 of the size are placed in the die-casting straight table 2 3, and then, the die-casting die 2 corresponding to the product size of the front pipe 4 is disposed in the line, and the front pipe is pressed by the press machine 3. 4 After pressing the die-casting mold 2 to finish the punching process, the die-casting die straight table 2 3 is straightened and sequentially transports a plurality of die-casting molds, and the die-casting die 2 is replaced with a die-casting die corresponding to the outer diameter of the product of the secondary pipe 7 And configured in the line. At this time, 56 3 12/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/931Ό99] 2 1253963 before the die-casting mold 20 is placed in the line, the plunger is loaded into the secondary tube 5, and then pressed by the press machine 2 The secondary pipe 7 is pressed into the die-casting mold 20 to perform punching. These steps are repeated to produce a high size /r/r officer of various article sizes. [Comparative Example 8.1] A steel tube of 0 4 0 ni m x 6 m m t x 5 . 5 m L was used as a raw tube, and a plurality of die-casting molds of the same hole die were prepared, and punching processing as shown in Fig. 13 was performed. The first die-casting mold 2 is placed in the passing wire. First, the front presser presses the front die into the die-casting mold 2 to complete the punching process. Next, the die 2 is manually replaced by a die-casting die 20 corresponding to the outer diameter of the product of the secondary pipe 7 and passed through the wire. At this time, the secondary tube 7 in the line is loaded into the plunger 2 2 before the die-casting mold 20 is placed in the line. Subsequently, it is press-punched into the die-casting mold 20 by the press machine 2 to perform punching. Repeat these steps to produce high-precision tubes of various product sizes. [Comparative Example 8 . 2 ] A steel pipe of 0 4 0 m in X 6 m m t x 5 . 5 m L was used as a raw pipe, and a plurality of die-casting molds of the same hole die were prepared, and punching processing as shown in Fig. 13 was performed. The first die-casting mold 2 is placed in the passing line. First, the press-in machine 3 presses the front into the die-casting mold 2 to complete the punching. Next, the pressure 2 is manually changed to the die-casting mold 20 corresponding to the outer diameter of the product of the secondary pipe 7 and disposed in the line. At this time, the secondary pipe 7 is temporarily moved out of the passing line and placed in the passing line again after being loaded into 2 2 . Subsequently, the secondary tube is introduced into the die-casting mold 20 by the press machine 2 to perform punching processing. These steps are repeated to produce a high dimensional precision tube of the article size. 312 / invention manual (supplement) / 93-06 / 93109912 22 ° L force port accuracy does not use the tube 4 die casting placed in the through tube 7 to make a tube is not used 4 mold in the through plunger 7 pressure to produce a variety of 57 1253963 table 8 shows the processing efficiency of the inventive examples and comparative examples and the dimensional accuracy of the products. The processing efficiency was evaluated by the number of punched holes of the steel pipe per unit operation time. Table 8 shows that the processing efficiency of Comparative Example 2 is 1 and the relative value is displayed. The dimensional accuracy is represented by the wall thickness deviation and the outer diameter deviation. These deviations are obtained from the data of the cross section of the image analysis tube in the circumferential direction as the value of the wall thickness deviation to the average wall thickness and the value of the outer diameter deviation to the perfect circle (target outer diameter). As is apparent from Table 8, the processing efficiency of the punching process can be improved by the present invention. (Example 9) Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. [Embodiment 9 · 1] As shown in Fig. 14, a pipe bending fine adjustment mechanism 24 is disposed at the exit side closest to the die casting mold 2. Further, although not shown, a continuous presser in which the tube 4 is sandwiched by an infinite track and continuously pressed into the die-casting mold 2 is provided on the inlet side of the die-casting mold 2. The bending fine adjustment mechanism 24 is shown in Fig. 15. The support die 28 supports the hole die 26 having the hole 27 through the tube so as to be movable in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the pipe. The hole pattern moving mechanism 2 9 supported by the support substrate 28 presses one or two of the four portions of the outer peripheral portion of the hole mold 26 in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the tube (the direction of movement of the hole mold 3 3 ). As described above, the pressing force is as shown in Fig. 16. The wedge-shaped mold 30 which is in contact with the outer peripheral portion of the hole mold 26 is passed through the adjustment screw 31 of the wedge mold 30. The tube direction 25 is provided in a manner that moves. In Fig. 16, when the adjusting screw 3 1 is rotated to the right, the wedge-shaped mold 30 is raised, so that the hole mold 26 which is in contact with the tapered surface 58 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 Move left. Further, after the hole mold position is finely adjusted, the screw 3 2 is screwed and the hole mold 26 is fixed to the support substrate 28. With this device, a P 4 0 mm X 6 mmtx 5 . 5 mm L steel pipe is inserted into the tube while the plunger 1 is inserted, and the plunger is floated, and the material is pressed into the die-casting mold 2 for punching. The manufacture of high dimensional precision tubes. The punched steel pipe is passed through the hole 2 7 of the die 26 in the vicinity of the exit side of the die-casting die 2. The hole 2 7 of the hole die 26 is a straight hole which is larger than the outlet diameter of the die 2 (p 3 5 m m in this example) by 0.5 m. Before the actual manufacture, a plurality of dummy tubes were used, and a punching operation experiment for changing the position of the point mold was performed to measure the bending of the tube, and the relationship between the hole mode variable and the bending variable of the tube after punching was obtained. When the bending in the actual manufacturing process exceeds the specified threshold value, the hole mode is finely adjusted based on the above relationship, and the hole mode is finely adjusted. . [Embodiment 9 and 2] As shown in Fig. 17, a wit fine adjustment mechanism 24 is disposed closest to the exit side of the die-casting mold 2, and a guide 35 is disposed closest to the inlet side of the die-casting mold 2, in the closest A guide cylinder is disposed at the exit side of the bending fine adjustment mechanism 24, and although not shown, a continuous presser in which the tube 4 is sandwiched by the rail and continuously pressed into the die-casting mold 2 is provided on the inlet side of the inlet-side guide cylinder 35. The bending fine adjustment mechanism 24 is shown in Fig. 18, and is supported by the support substrate with a hole die 62 having a hole 27 through the tube so as to be movable in a plane perpendicular to the passing direction, with the support The moving mechanism 2 9 supported by the substrate 28 is pressed in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the tube (the direction in which the hole is moved is pressed against any of the four portions of the outer peripheral portion of the hole mold 26 or at two or more positions, 312/invention specification (complement) Piece) /93-06/93109912 fixed pipe, continue to make the hole of the die-casting hole if the pipe moves f-curved pipe 36 ° infinite 〇 28 pipe square hole die 33) Press 59 1253963 pressure or tension, contact with the hole The small hydraulic cylinder 34 of the outer peripheral portion of the die 2 6 is supplied. In Fig. 18, the pressure difference between the two hydraulic cylinders 34 opposed to each other is increased or decreased to move the orifice mold 26 in the opposite direction of the two hydraulic cylinders 34. Further, after the hole mold position is finely adjusted, the pressure difference between the opposite hydraulic cylinders 34 is zero, and the hole mold 26 is fixed to the support substrate 28. Using this device, a steel pipe of P 4 0 hi m X 6 m ni t X 5 . 5 mm L was used as the original pipe, and the plunger 1 was inserted into the pipe while the plunger was floated, and the material was continuously pressed into the die casting. The manufacture of high-precision tubes for punching in the mold 2. The steel pipe before the punching process passes through the inlet side guide cylinder 35, and the pipe after the punching process passes through the hole 27 of the hole die 26 and the outlet side guide cylinder 3 which are close to the exit side of the die casting die 2 in sequence. 6. The hole 2 of the hole die 26 is a tapered hole, and the diameter of the largest inner diameter portion (at the inlet side) is larger than the outlet diameter of the die casting mold 2 (p 3 3 mm in this example) by 2.5 min. Further, the aperture diameter of the smallest inner diameter portion (position on the outlet side) of the orifice mold 26 is the same as the outlet diameter of the die casting mold 2. Further, the inlet-side and outlet-side guide cylinders 3 5 and 3 6 form a cylinder having an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the tube of the same side, so as not to cause flaws on the tube. Before the actual manufacture, a plurality of dummy tubes were used, and a punching test for changing the position of the hole mold was performed to measure the bending of the tube, and the relationship between the variable of the position of the hole mold and the bending variable of the tube after punching was obtained. In the actual manufacturing, if the bending of the tube seems to exceed the specified threshold value, the hole mold is moved to the orientation where the bending becomes small based on the above relationship, and the position of the hole mold is finely adjusted. [Comparative Example 9 · 1] As shown in Fig. 19, a guide cylinder 35 is disposed closest to the inlet side of the die-casting mold 2, and a guide cylinder 36 is disposed near the outlet side of the same die-casting mold. Further, although the illustration of 60 312/invention specification (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 is omitted, the inlet side of the inlet-side guide cylinder 35 is provided with an infinite obstruction to clamp the tube 4 and continuously press-fit the die-casting mold 2 The way the continuous press machine. Using this apparatus, a steel pipe of P 40 mm x 6 mmt x 5.5 mniL was used as the original pipe, and the plunger 1 was inserted into the pipe while the plunger was floated, and the material was continuously pressed into the die-casting mold 2 (in this example, the outlet diameter was φ 3 ) 3 in in ) Manufacture of high-precision tubes for punching. The steel pipe before the punching process passes through the inlet side guide cylinder 35, and the steel pipe after the punching process passes through the outlet side guide cylinder 3 6 ° [Comparative Example 9.2] As shown in Fig. 20, at the closest pressure There is no mechanism at the entrance side and the exit side of the pound model 2. Further, although not shown in the drawings, a continuous press machine in which the tube 4 is sandwiched by an infinite track and the press mold 2 is continuously pressed is provided on the inlet side of the die-casting mold 2. Using this device, a steel pipe of P 4 0 buckle m X 6 mmt χ 5 . 5 mm L was used as the original pipe, and the plunger 1 was inserted into the pipe while the plunger was floated, and the material was continuously pressed into the die-casting mold 2 (In this example, the manufacture of a high-precision tube for punching in an exit aperture of 0 3 5 m in ). [Comparative Example 9.3] As shown in Fig. 21, no mechanism was provided at the inlet side and the outlet side closest to the die-casting mold 2. A press machine is not provided on the inlet side of the die-casting mold 2, and an extractor 37 is provided on the outlet side of the die-casting mold 2. Using this device, a steel pipe of φ 4 0 mm X 6 ni in t χ 5 . 5 mm L was used as the original pipe, and the plunger 1 was inserted into the pipe and the plunger was floated, while the front end of the pipe was held by the extension machine 37. From the die-casting die 2 (in this case, the exit aperture is 0 3 5 in m) 61 312 / invention specification (supplement) /93-06/93] 099 ] 2 1253963 The extension of the extension of the steel pipe in the direction of extension 3 8 Manufacturing of dimensional accuracy tubes. Table 9 shows the results of investigating the bending and dimensional accuracy of the tubes produced by the methods of the above examples and comparative examples. The bending of the tube was evaluated by a straight gauge (s t r a. i g h t edgeruler) on the tube, and the maximum value of the gap between the straight gauge and the tube at the center of the tube of the tube length of 500 mm was evaluated. The dimensional accuracy of the tube is shown by the deviation of the wall thickness and the deviation of the outer diameter (the maximum value of the data of the tube in which each case is a plurality of roots). These deviations are obtained from the data of the cross section of the image analysis tube in the circumferential direction as the value of the wall thickness deviation to the average wall thickness and the value of the outer diameter deviation to the perfect circle (target outer diameter). As is apparent from Table 9, by the present invention, good dimensional accuracy can be obtained more remarkably, and at the same time, bending of the tube after punching can be sufficiently prevented. (Embodiment 10) As an embodiment of the present invention, a device column shown in Fig. 22 is constructed. The component symbol 39 is a punching device. In the apparatus, the plunger 1 is placed in the tube and the plunger is floated, and the tube is continuously pressed by the press-fitting device 4 3 into the die-casting mold 2 to be punched. In the punching apparatus 39, as a preferred embodiment, a die-casting die-exchange device 45, a plunger exchange device 44, and a bending preventing device 46 which are configured as described above are provided. On the inlet side of the punching machine 39, the pipe end grinding device 40, the lubricant impregnation coating tank 41, and the drying device 4 are sequentially disposed from the upstream side. The pipe end grinding device 40 is constructed by cutting a pipe end surface arranged on the table at a right angle in a direction perpendicular to the pipe axis direction by a grinding tool. The lubricant impregnation coating tank 4 1 accumulates a dry liquid lubricant emulsification 62 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 liquid, the tube is lubricated by immersing the tube in the emulsion Coating. The drying device 42 is configured to be dried by blowing hot air on a tube coated with a lubricant disposed on the stage. Further, on the inlet side of the equipment row, a pipe receiving station 4 7 that receives the original pipe sent from the previous step and delivers it to the pipe end grinding device 40 is disposed, and is disposed on the outlet side to be punched and processed into a product pipe. The tube is delivered to the post step 4 8 . Using the equipment column, the original tube with various sizes of oxidized rust in the size range of outer diameter 2 5~1 2 0 mm 0 , wall thickness 2~8 m in and length 5~13 m The tube ends are cut at right angles, the lubricant is dipped and collapsed, dried, and punched to obtain a product tube. On the other hand, as a comparative example, Fig. 23 shows a conventional manufacturing apparatus column for extension processing. The apparatus is arranged such that the tube receiving table 47 is disposed on the inlet side of the extension processing device 50, and the tube delivery table 4 is disposed on the outlet side. The extension processing device 50 is used to insert the plunger 1 into the tube and the plunger Floating, the tube is extended from the die-casting mold 2 by the extension processing device 50. Further, the extension processing device 50 is provided with a plunger exchange device 4 4 and a die-casting die exchange device 45 having the same configuration as the embodiment. In this column of equipment, it is not possible to directly extend the same oxidized original tube as in the embodiment, and the original tube must be the first pretreatment step shown in Fig. 23 and the second pretreatment step following this. The first pre-treatment step is necessary as a strong lubricating film for forming the elongation process, which is to cut the rust raw tube into a short tube - remove the rust by pickling - alkali-neutralizing the acid - washing - phosphate treatment - coating Cloth metal soap - a large number of sequential steps such as drying. The plurality of impregnation tanks or devices for performing the first pre-treatment step are reduced in productivity if the same as the extension processing device 50 is placed on the production line, 63 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 Therefore, it must be placed on other production lines. Further, the second pre-processing step is used for the holding of the stretching device 50, and for example, it is necessary to use a rotary forging machine as a means for performing waxing processing on the front end of the tube, and the rotary forging machine is the same as the stretching processing device 50. When it is placed on the production line, the productivity is reduced, so it must be placed on other production lines. Using the equipment row of this comparative example, the pretreated tube having the same rust-attached original tube as that of the example was sequentially subjected to the elongation processing through the first and second pretreatment steps to obtain a product tube. Table 10 shows the time required for the production and the dimensional accuracy of the product tube obtained for the examples and comparative examples. The time required for manufacturing is evaluated from the total number of processing hours/total number of treatments from the specified number of rust-attached raw tubes to the product tubes. Table 10 shows that the evaluation value of the comparative example is set to 1 and The relative ratio of this. The dimensional accuracy is represented by the wall thickness deviation and the outer diameter deviation. These deviations are obtained from the data of the cross section of the image analysis tube in the circumferential direction as the value of the wall thickness deviation to the average wall thickness and the value of the outer diameter deviation to the perfect circle (target outer diameter). As is apparent from Table 10, the high-precision precision tube can be efficiently manufactured by the present invention. (Industrial Applicability) The high-precision pipe system of the present invention has excellent dimensional accuracy and, as a result, has good fatigue strength and can be manufactured at a low manufacturing cost, so that it is possible to obtain light parts for a vehicle drive system and the like. Quantification promotes the excellent results of contributing. Further, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a metal tube excellent in dimensional accuracy with respect to a wide range of tubes at a low cost, and to achieve a dimensional accuracy of 64 312 / invention specification (supplement) / 93-06/93109912 1253963 effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a punching machine used in the present invention. Fig. 2 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of a conventional drafting machine. Fig. 3A is an explanatory view showing an embodiment in which a rotary-type forging machine for mounting a conventional divided die-casting mold is mounted and rocked, and is a cross-sectional view including a central axis of the tube. Fig. 3B is an explanatory view showing an embodiment in which a rotary-type forging machine for mounting a conventional divided die-casting mold is mounted and rocked, and is an arrow view taken along line A-A of Fig. 3A. Fig. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the stress and the endurance of the fatigue test. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the present invention in which a crawler belt is used as a pipe feeding mechanism. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the present invention in which an endless belt is used as a tube feeding mechanism. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of the present invention in which an intermittent feeding machine is used as a pipe feeding mechanism. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the present invention in which a die roll is used as a pipe feeding mechanism. Fig. 9 is an explanatory view for explaining a taper angle of a portion of the plunger. Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of punching processing. Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention using the method of the present invention, in the first embodiment of the invention, in the form of the invention of the invention. Fig. 12 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention using the second example of the apparatus of the present invention. Fig. 13 is an explanatory view of a comparative example (artificial exchange die-casting mold). Figure 14 is a perspective view showing one of the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 15 is a plan view showing an example of the tube bending fine adjustment mechanism of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the orifice moving mechanism of the present invention. Figure 17 is a perspective view showing one of the embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing an example of the tube bending fine adjustment mechanism of the present invention. Fig. 19 is a perspective view showing one of the comparative examples. Figure 20 is a perspective view showing one of the comparative examples. Fig. 21 is a perspective view showing one of the comparative examples. Fig. 2 2 is a schematic view showing the configuration of a device column as an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 23 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the equipment row as a comparative example and the pre-processing steps necessary for the extension processing. (Description of component symbols) 1 Plunger 1 A Expanded pipe part 1 B Reduced diameter part 2 Die-casting die 3 Pipe feeding mechanism (pressing pipe machine) 4 Pipe (metal pipe) 5 Plunger 326\General gear \93\93109912\93109912 (Replacement)-1 94, 10. 2 8 66 1253963 8 Rotary forging machine 9 Die-casting mold (split die-casting mold) 10 Extensing force 1 1 Press-in force 12 Shake direction 13 Track 14 Endless belt 15 Intermittent feeder 16 Hole mold Reporter 19 Die-casting mold rotary table 20 Die-casting mold 22 Plunger 23 Die-casting mold straight-line table 24 Tube bending fine-tuning mechanism 26 Hole mold 27 28 Supporting board 2 9 Hole mold moving mechanism 30 Wedge mold 3 1 Adjustment screw 32 Fixing screw 3 3 hole mold moving direction 34 hydraulic cylinder 35 guiding cylinder 67
326V總檔\93\93109912\93109912(替換>1 94. 1〇· 1253963 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4 7 48 50 導引筒 引伸機 引伸方向 衝孔加工裝置 管端面研削裝置 潤滑劑浸潰塗佈槽 乾燥裝置 壓入裝置 柱塞交換裝置 壓鑄模交換裝置 彎曲防止裝置 管接收台 管交付台 引伸加工裝置 68 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 1253963 69 疲勞試驗的耐久界限次數(次） 500x 103 500x 103 500x 103 ΙΟΟχ 103 200x 103 200x 103 圓周方向壁厚偏差* (%) LO 卜 Q· LO CD C3 Lfi (NI 寸· LO 寸· 内徑偏差* (°/〇) LO Q· LO (>d LO CD CZ5 寸· LO CO ◦ 寸· 外徑偏差* (%) LO 〇· 卜 ◦· CO ◦· CZ5 寸· 〇〇 CO LO CO 出口側壁厚 與入口側相同 與入口側相同 與入口側相同 與入口側相同 增厚 縮徑率 CD LO LO LO LO LO 柱塞 固定 固定 浮動 固定 固定 固定 1 壓鑄模 一體型固定 一體型固定 一體型固定 一體型固定 分割型旋轉式 分割型旋轉式 加工態樣 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 壓入 壓入 實施例1.1 實施例1. 2 實施例1. 3 比較例1· 1 比較例1· 2 比較例1· 3 ·· (Nl 6601 s/99e6/ip}K)_s^K^/CNIro 1253963 z< 加工效率： 每小時之可加工根數 (根） CD CO 1~1 CD 寸 ◦ CO 圓周方向壁厚偏差 (%) LO C3 CD LO LO 寸· 内徑偏差 (%) LO CZ^ CO 寸· CD 寸 外徑偏差 (%) LO CD CD 〇〇 CO 出口側壁厚 與入口側相同 減薄 增厚 力口工法 1 衝孔 引伸 旋轉型鍛造壓入 本發明例 比較例2. 1 比較例2. 2 〇 卜 awav rsl\660le6}90-e6/if}ffi).^;^s<a餾/(Nle 1253963 τ—Η co< 外徑偏差 (%) CD τ-Η LO ◦· LO CD CO ◦· CO ◦· CO 〇 LO CO LO CO 内徑偏差 (°/〇) οα LO CD LO CD CO ◦· CO ◦· 〇〇 CD LO CO CZ5 寸· 壁厚偏差 (%) cz> oi LO CZ) LO CD CO d CO ◦· CO CD LO — LO 寸· 有無產生瑕藏 4ί 碡 端 潤滑劑 無潤滑劑 液體潤滑劑 滑脂系潤滑劑 乾燥性樹脂 乾燥性樹脂之溶劑稀釋液 乾燥性樹脂乳化液 液體潤滑劑 液體潤滑劑 有無潤滑被膜 碟 加工法 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 引伸 衝孔 比較例3.1 本發明例3. 1 本發明例3. 2 本發明例3. 3 本發明例3. 4 本發明例3. 5 比較例3. 2 比較例3. 3 π 6601 e6/90-e6/ff}ffi)_s^s餾/CNI e 1253963326V total file \93\93109912\93109912 (replacement >1 94. 1〇· 1253963 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4 7 48 50 Guide tube extension machine extension direction punching device tube end grinding device Lubricating agent dipping coating tank drying device press-in device plunger exchange device die-casting mold exchange device bending preventing device tube receiving tube delivery table extension processing device 68 312/invention manual (supplement)/93-06/93109912 1253963 69 fatigue The number of endurance limits of the test (times) 500x 103 500x 103 500x 103 ΙΟΟχ 103 200x 103 200x 103 circumferential wall thickness deviation * (%) LO Bu Q· LO CD C3 Lfi (NI inch · LO inch · inner diameter deviation * (° /〇) LO Q· LO (>d LO CD CZ5 inch · LO CO ◦ inch · OD deviation * (%) LO 〇 · ◦ · CO ◦ · CZ5 inch · 〇〇CO LO CO exit side wall thickness and entrance The same side is the same as the inlet side, the same as the inlet side, the same as the inlet side, the thickening reduction ratio CD LO LO LO LO LO Plunger fixed fixed floating fixed fixed 1 Die-molded mold integrated fixed-integrated fixed-integrated fixed-integrated fixed split type Rotary split type Transfer processing punch punching punch press-in press-in Example 1.1 Example 1. Example 1. 3 Comparative Example 1·1 Comparative Example 1· 2 Comparative Example 1·3 ·· (Nl 6601 s/ 99e6/ip}K)_s^K^/CNIro 1253963 z< Processing efficiency: Number of machinable roots per hour (root) CD CO 1~1 CD inch ◦ CO circumferential wall thickness deviation (%) LO C3 CD LO LO Inch · Inner diameter deviation (%) LO CZ^ CO inch · CD inch outer diameter deviation (%) LO CD CD 〇〇CO outlet side wall thickness and inlet side same thinning thickening force method 1 punching extension rotary forging press Inventive Example Comparative Example 2. 1 Comparative Example 2. 2 〇 awav rsl\660le6}90-e6/if}ffi).^;^s<a distillation/(Nle 1253963 τ-Η co< outer diameter deviation (%) CD τ-Η LO ◦· LO CD CO ◦· CO ◦· CO 〇LO CO LO CO OD deviation (°/〇) οα LO CD LO CD CO ◦· CO ◦· 〇〇CD LO CO CZ5 inch · Wall thickness Deviation (%) cz> oi LO CZ) LO CD CO d CO ◦· CO CD LO — LO inch · presence or absence of stagnation 4 ί 润滑剂 lubricant no lubricant liquid lubricant grease lubricant drying resin drying resin Dissolve Dilution liquid drying resin emulsion liquid lubricant liquid lubricant with or without lubrication film processing method punching punching punching punching punching punching punching punching comparison example 3.1 Example of the invention 3. 1 Inventive Example 3. 2 Inventive Example 3. 3 Inventive Example 3. 4 Inventive Example 3. 5 Comparative Example 3. 2 Comparative Example 3. 3 π 6601 e6/90-e6/ff}ffi)_s^s Distillation/CNI e 1253963
備註 本發明例 本發明例 本發明例 比較例A 比較例A 比較例b| 加工後壁厚 mm CD CO CD cd CD cd oo LO τ—Η LO CNl cd 加工後外徑 mm CO 寸 CO CD CO -vh CO cn> CO 斷面硬度 Hv ◦ οα CO ◦ C<3 CO ◦ (XI CO Q CZD Q OO CO 200 外徑偏差 °/〇 CO CD CO o· C<1 CZ5 CD 寸· LO CO LO CO 内徑偏差 °/〇 CO cz> CO CD CN1 CD CD 寸· LO OO ◦ 壁厚偏差 °/〇 CO d 0.25 LO ◦· CD LO LO 寸· LO 寸· 目標外徑 氺2 mm CD CD CO 寸 CO ① CO 寸 OO CO CQ φ 〇 卜 C73 寸 LO OO oo oo cji LO OO 寸· ◦ οα σί LO OO 寸 S。 LO CD 寸· 3.64 CJ5 LO CZ5 ◦ ◦ ◦ 縮徑率 % OO OO 卜 OO CD oo 擴管率 % oo CJD t—H 1 1 1 加工法 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 引伸 引伸 壓入氺1 CN1 CO LO CD 勃女鲽tm客珈wf#DiF鹚贛鲫：¾ 丧^鲫？？壤isft^:!* IL ββ 00 S62§9e6/(i)ei_/ne 1253963 9< 尺寸精度 外徑偏差 1⑻ LO LO CD 卜 ο CO CD 1 1 1 1 LTD CO LO CO 内徑偏差 ⑻ LO <0· LO CD οο ◦ 寸 CD 1 1 1 1 LO CO CD 寸· 壁厚偏差 ⑻ LO CD LO Ο οο 〇> ΟΟ CD 1 1 1 1 LO 寸· LO 寸· 可否製造 晔 柱塞及壓鑄模之形狀條件 1 壓鑄模角度 (° ) CO LO 写 LO 寸· C<1 LO 柱塞軸承部長度 (mm) S LO 寸 LO CO 寸 C2> r-H CN1 LO 寸· C3> r-H <Nl S 柱塞縮徑部長度 (mm) S LO T—Η τ-Η 寸丨 LO 〇) l—H r—H 柱塞縮徑部角度 (。） t—H LO 寸丨 τ—1 C<l LO 加工方法 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 衝孔 棘 造壓入 本發明例5. 1 本發明例5. 2 本發明例5. 3 本發明例5. 4 比較例5. 1 比較例5. 2 比較例5. 3 比較例5. 4 習知例5. 1 習知例5. 2 ·· π662£ι/(φ}ϋ)_··/ζκ 1253963 9 < 外徑偏差 (%) CO CD CO (Ο οα CO 壁厚偏差 (%) LO CZ5 LO CZ) LO CO 加工時之損失 端 損壞壓鑄模 損壞壓鑄模 相對加工時間 C<l CD CN1 加工途中之變更條件 壓鑄模及柱塞之形狀 调滑劑之種類、壓鑄模及柱塞形狀 壓鑄模及柱塞形狀 加工方法 衝孔 衝孔 引伸 實施例6. 1 實施例6. 1 比較例6. 2 外徑偏差 (%) LO Ο CO CD CO 〇 ◦ 寸· LO CO 内徑偏差 %) LJCD CD LO CD CO 〇· ◦ 寸· CD 寸· 圓周方向壁厚 偏差（％) LO Ο 寸 CD 〇〇 ◦· CZ5 LO LO 出口側壁厚 與入口側相同 與入口側相同 與入口側相同 減薄 增厚 柱塞 固定 浮動 浮動 固定 固定 壓鑄模 一體型固定 一體型固定 一體型固定 一體型固定 分割型旋轉式 加工態樣 衝孔（間歇） 衝孔（間歇） 衝孔（連續） 引伸（連續） 壓入（間歇） 實施例7. 1 實施例7. 2 實施例7. 3 比較例7. 1 比較例7. 2 g ββ ββ 3I66GI9e6/(_)s_#/s 1253963 表8 --—--- 本發明例8. I 加工效率 —------ 10 _^ 差 U) ___〇. 5 外徑偏差（％) ------— 0 5 本發明例8. 2 ~7〇 〇· 5 〇. 5 比較例8. 1 比較例8. 2 2 --------- 〇· 8 ——----- 0. 8 "一一—— 0· 7 0?7 ~ —--— 表9 加工方法 彎曲防止機構 彎曲 (mm) 壁厚偏差 (°/〇) 外徑偏差 (°/〇) 實施例9.1 衝孔 極接近壓鑄模出口側之管彎曲微調機構 0.1 0.5 0.6 實施例9. 2 衝孔 極接近壓鑄模出口側之管彎曲微調機構+ 出入口側導引筒 0.2 0.5 0.6 比較例9.1 衝孔 出入口側導引筒 0.7 0.5 0.6 比較例9. 2 衝孔 無 1.8 0.5 比較例9. 3 引伸 0.3 3.5 3·「 表10 加工法 製造所需時間 (相對比） 壁厚偏差 (%) 外徑偏差 (%) 實施例 衝孔 0. 1 0.5 0· 6 比較例 引伸 1 3. 2 312/發明說明書(補件)/93-06/93109912 75Remarks: Inventive Example Inventive Example Comparative Example A Comparative Example A Comparative Example b| After Processing Wall Thickness mm CD CO CD cd CD cd oo LO τ-Η LO CNl cd After Processing Outer Diameter mm CO Inch CO CD CO - Vh CO cn> CO section hardness Hv ◦ οα CO ◦ C<3 CO ◦ (XI CO Q CZD Q OO CO 200 OD deviation °/〇CO CD CO o· C<1 CZ5 CD inch · LO CO LO CO Diameter deviation °/〇CO cz> CO CD CN1 CD CD inch · LO OO ◦ Wall thickness deviation °/〇CO d 0.25 LO ◦· CD LO LO inch · LO inch · Target outer diameter 氺 2 mm CD CD CO inch CO 1 CO 寸 OO CO CQ φ 〇 C C73 inch LO OO oo oo cji LO OO inch · ◦ οα σί LO OO inch S. LO CD inch · 3.64 CJ5 LO CZ5 ◦ ◦ ◦ reduction rate % OO OO OO OO CD oo expansion Rate % oo CJD t—H 1 1 1 Machining punching, punching, punching, extension, extension, pressing, 氺1 CN1 CO LO CD 勃女鲽tm珈珈wf#DiF鹚赣鲫:3⁄4 丧^鲫?? :!* IL ββ 00 S62§9e6/(i)ei_/ne 1253963 9< Dimensional accuracy OD deviation 1(8) LO LO CD ο CO CD 1 1 1 1 LTD CO LO CO OD deviation (8) LO <0· LO CD οο ◦ Inch CD 1 1 1 1 LO CO CD inch · Wall thickness deviation (8) LO CD LO Ο οο 〇> ΟΟ CD 1 1 1 1 LO inch · LO inch · Can make 晔 plunger and die-casting mold shape condition 1 die-casting angle (°) CO LO Write LO inch · C<1 LO Plunger bearing length (mm) S LO inch LO CO inch C2> rH CN1 LO inch · C3> rH <Nl S Plunger reduction length (mm) S LO T—Η τ-Η inch 丨LO 〇) l—H r—H Plunger reduction angle (.) t—H LO inch 丨τ—1 C<l LO machining method punching punching punching Hole punching punching punching punching punching indentation Inventive Example 5.1. Inventive Example 5. 2 Inventive Example 5. 3 Inventive Example 5. 4 Comparative Example 5. 1 Comparative Example 5. 2 Comparative Example 5 3 Comparative Example 5. 4 Conventional Example 5. 1 Conventional Example 5. 2 ·· π662£ι/(φ}ϋ)_··/ζκ 1253963 9 < OD deviation (%) CO CD CO (Ο Αα CO Wall thickness deviation (%) LO CZ5 LO CZ) LO CO Loss at the end of machining Loss of die casting die damage Die casting die relative processing time C<l CD CN1 Changing conditions during processing Die-casting mold and shape of the plunger kind, Mold and Plunger Die Casting Die and Plunger Shape Processing Method Punching Punching Extension Example 6. 1 Example 6. Comparative Example 6. 2 Outer Diameter Deviation (%) LO Ο CO CD CO 〇◦ Inch · LO CO Inner diameter deviation %) LJCD CD LO CD CO 〇 · ◦ inch · CD inch · circumferential wall thickness deviation (%) LO Ο inch CD 〇〇◦ · CZ5 LO LO The exit side wall thickness is the same as the inlet side and the inlet side is the same as the inlet Side same thinning and thickening plunger fixed floating floating fixed fixed die-casting die-integrated fixed-integrated fixed-integrated fixed-integrated fixed-segmented rotary machining type punching (intermittent) punching (intermittent) punching (continuous) extension (continuous Indentation (intermittent) Example 7.1 Example 7. 2 Example 7. 3 Comparative Example 7. 1 Comparative Example 7. 2 g ββ ββ 3I66GI9e6/(_)s_#/s 1253963 Table 8 ---- - Inventive Example 8. I Process Efficiency ------- 10 _^ Difference U) ___〇. 5 Outer Diameter Deviation (%) ------ - 0 5 Inventive Example 8. 2 ~ 7〇〇· 5 〇. 5 Comparative Example 8. 1 Comparative Example 8. 2 2 --------- 〇· 8 ——----- 0. 8 "一一—— 0· 7 0?7 ~ —-- — Table 9 Machining method Bending prevention mechanism bending (mm) Wall thickness deviation (°/〇) Outer diameter deviation (°/〇) Example 9.1 Pipe bending fine adjustment mechanism close to the exit side of die casting die 0.1 0.5 0.6 Example 9. 2 The punching is very close to the tube on the exit side of the die-casting mold. The bending fine adjustment mechanism + the inlet and outlet side guiding cylinder 0.2 0.5 0.6 Comparative Example 9.1 Punching inlet and outlet side guiding cylinder 0.7 0.5 0.6 Comparative Example 9. 2 Punching without 1.8 0.5 Comparative Example 9. 3 Extension 0.3 3.5 3· "Table 10 Time required for manufacturing method (relative ratio) Wall thickness deviation (%) Outer diameter deviation (%) Example punching 0. 1 0.5 0· 6 Comparative example extension 1 3. 2 312 / invention manual (supplement) /93-06/93109912 75