JP4285053B2 - High dimensional accuracy tube and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

High dimensional accuracy tube and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4285053B2
JP4285053B2 JP2003107364A JP2003107364A JP4285053B2 JP 4285053 B2 JP4285053 B2 JP 4285053B2 JP 2003107364 A JP2003107364 A JP 2003107364A JP 2003107364 A JP2003107364 A JP 2003107364A JP 4285053 B2 JP4285053 B2 JP 4285053B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
tube
die
dimensional accuracy
plug
pipe
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JP2003107364A
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JP2004314083A (en
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一仁 剣持
拓也 長濱
高明 豊岡
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Priority to JP2003107364A priority Critical patent/JP4285053B2/en
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Priority to US10/541,999 priority patent/US20060218985A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/005091 priority patent/WO2004091823A1/en
Priority to CA002511633A priority patent/CA2511633A1/en
Priority to EP04726662A priority patent/EP1621265A1/en
Priority to CNB2004800030567A priority patent/CN100366354C/en
Priority to KR1020057013240A priority patent/KR100665977B1/en
Priority to TW093109912A priority patent/TWI253963B/en
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高寸法精度管およびその製造方法に関し、例えば自動車用駆動系部品などのような高い寸法精度が要求されるものに有利に適用しうる高寸法精度管、および該管を製造するのに用いて好適な高寸法精度管の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
金属管例えば鋼管は通常、溶接管と継目無管に大別される。溶接管は、例えば電縫鋼管のように、帯板の幅を丸め、該丸めた幅の両端を突き合わせて溶接するという方法で製造し、一方、継目無管は、材料の塊を高温で穿孔後マンドレルミル等で圧延するという方法で製造している。溶接管の場合、溶接後に溶接部分の盛り上がりを研削して管の寸法精度を向上させているが、その肉厚偏差は3.0 %を超える。また、継目無管の場合、穿孔工程で偏心しやすく、 該偏心により大きな肉厚偏差が生じやすい。この肉厚偏差は後工程で低減させる努力が払われているが、それでも充分低減することができず、製品の段階で8.0 %以上残存する。
【0003】
最近、環境問題から自動車の軽量化に拍車がかかっており、ドライブシャフト等の駆動系部品は中実の金属棒から中空の金属管に置き換えられつつある。これら自動車用駆動系部品等の金属管には肉厚、 内径、 外径の各偏差として3.0 %以下、さらに厳しくは1.0 %以下、の高寸法精度が要求される。なぜなら、駆動系部品は自動車の長距離走行による疲労に耐えなければならないところ、金属管の肉厚、 内径、 外径の精度が悪いと、必然的に管内外面に比較的多大に存在する凹凸を起点として疲労破壊が進展しやすくなり、疲労強度が著しく低下するため、十分な疲労強度を保つためには金属管の肉厚、 内径、 外径の精度を良好にする必要があるからである。
【0004】
金属管の肉厚、 内径、 外径の精度を高める手段として、従来一般に、鋼管(溶接管、継目無管とも)を造管後にダイスとプラグを用いて冷間で引き抜くという製造方法(いわゆる冷牽法)がとられている。また、近年では、円周方向に分割したダイスを組み込んだロータリー鍛造機を用いて鋼管をダイス孔に押し込んで加工する製造技術が提案されている(特許文献1,2,3参照)。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平9−262637号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平9−262619号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平10−15612号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記従来の冷牽法では、設備上の制約や管の肉厚・径が大きくて引き抜き応力が充分得られずに縮径率を低くせざるをえない場合などでは、 加工バイト(:プラグとダイス孔内面との隙間)内で管の応力が引張力であるがゆえにダイスと管、および、引き抜きプラグと管の接触が不十分となり、管の内面、 外面の平滑化が不足して凹凸が残留しやすい。そのため、冷牽で管の縮径率を大きくして加工バイト内で管の内外面とプラグ、ダイスの接触を向上させることが行なわれている。しかし、管をダイスを用いて冷牽した場合、管の内面に凹凸が発生して管の縮径率が大きくなるほど凹凸による粗さが増加する。その結果、冷牽法では高寸法精度の管を得ることが難しく、そのため管の疲労強度が充分ではなかったことから、さらに寸法精度および疲労強度の良好な管が強く求められていた。
【0007】
また、上記従来の冷牽法では、設備能力があって縮径率を大きくできる場合でも、縮径による加工歪みが大きくなって管が加工硬化しやすい。管は引き抜き後にさらに曲げやスウェージなどの加工を施されるが、 前記引き抜きでの加工硬化によって割れが発生しやすくなり問題となるため、引き抜き後に高温で充分な時間をかけて熱処理を加える必要があって、製造コストが著しく多大となるため、安価で加工しやすい高寸法精度の管が求められていた。
【0008】
また、特許文献1〜3所載の製造技術では、ロータリー鍛造機のダイスを分割しそのダイスを復動させている結果、 その分割部分で段差が生じやすくて外面の平滑化が不足したり、あるいは円周方向に異なるダイスの剛性によって不均一変形が生じたりする結果、肉厚精度も不足するため目標とする仕上寸法精度を充分得ることができず、その鋼管の疲労強度は十分なものではなく、さらに改善を求められていた。
【0009】
さらに、特許文献1〜3所載の製造技術では、鋼管を押し込んだ後の肉厚は押し込む前の肉厚より厚くなっている。これは複雑な構造を有するために荷重を加え難いロータリー鍛造機を用いているがゆえの制約であり、その結果、管の内面に凹凸が発生しやすくなり、管の平滑化がし難くなっている。このことにより、 押し込み後に所望の肉厚を得ようとすると、押し込む前の肉厚を薄くするしかない。したがって、 多様な製品サイズの管を整え、それらの管の疲労強度などの性能を向上させるには、 素管サイズを多数用意する必要がある。しかし、 素管製造設備に制約があって多くのサイズを用意できないことから、管の全要求サイズに亘って良好な寸法を得ることが難しかった。また、肉厚を増加させるには、加工バイト内で出口に近い側ほど隙間を増大させて管を変形しやすくしているが、隙間があって変形がしやすくなると管の内面に凹凸が発生してさらに肉厚を増加させると隙間が大きくなり、ダイス表面やプラグ表面に管が十分接触しづらくなり、その結果として管表面の平滑化が進展せずに、 高寸法精度管が得られにくい欠点を有していた。
【0010】
上記の要求や難点に鑑み、本発明は、管の広範囲の要求サイズに亘り、低コストで製造できて、十分な疲労強度を有する高寸法精度管およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成した本発明は、以下の要旨構成になる高寸法精度管であり、また該高寸法精度管の製造方法である
【0012】
)金属管を該管内にプラグを装入した状態でダイスの孔に押し込んで通過させる押し抜きを行い、前記ダイスの出側の金属管の肉厚を入側のそれ以下とすることにより製造された、外径偏差、内径偏差、円周方向肉厚偏差のいずれか一または二以上が3.0 以下であることを特徴とする押し抜きのままの高寸法精度管。
【0013】
)前記押し抜きは金属管を該管の同一断面内でプラグに全周外接かつダイスに全周内接させながら行うものであることを特徴とする(1)に記載の高寸法精度管。
)前記ダイスが一体型および/または固定型ダイスであることを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載の高寸法精度管。
【0014】
)金属管を該管内にプラグを装入した状態でダイスの孔に押し込んで通過させるにあたり、前記ダイスの出側の管の肉厚を同入側の同管の肉厚以下とすることを特徴とする高寸法精度管の製造方法。
)前記押し抜きは金属管を該管の同一断面内でプラグに全周外接かつダイスに全周内接させながら行うものであることを特徴とする()に記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。
【0015】
)前記ダイスが一体型および/または固定型ダイスであることを特徴とする(4)または(5)に記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。
)前記プラグがフローティングプラグであることを特徴とする()〜()のいずれかに記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。
なお、本発明では、上記外径偏差、内径偏差および円周方向肉厚偏差の上限は、好ましくは1.0 %であり、より好ましくは0.5 %である。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
従来、ダイスとプラグを用いて金属管を引き抜いた場合、管の寸法精度を向上させることが困難な理由は、引き抜きであるがゆえに加工バイト内でのダイスと管外面、および、プラグと管内面の接触が不十分となることに由来する。すなわち、図2に示すように、管(金属管)5内にプラグ1を装入して管5をダイス2の孔から引き抜くことにより、ダイス2の出側で加えられた引き抜き力9によって、加工バイト内部には張力が発生して、加工バイトの入口から出側に向かって管の内外面に凹凸が発生し増加する。また、加工バイト内の入口側では、プラグ1に管内面が沿って変形するため管外面は接触しないかあるいは軽度に接触するにとどまり、また加工バイト内の出口側では、ダイス2に管外面が接触して変形するため管内面は接触しないかあるいは軽度に接触するにとどまる。そのため、管の内外面ともに自由変形の部分が存在して凹凸を十分平滑化できず、引き抜き後に得られる管の寸法精度は低かった。
【0017】
これに比較して、本発明で用いる押し抜きの場合は、図1に示すように、管5内にプラグ1を装入して管5をダイス2の孔に押し込んで通過させる。ダイス2の入側で加えられた押し込み力8によって、加工バイト内部には全面的に圧縮応力が作用する。その結果、加工バイトの入側、 出側のいずれにあっても、管5はプラグ1およびダイス2に同一断面内で円周方向全域に亘り十分接触できる。しかも、軽度の縮径率であっても、加工バイト内部は圧縮応力となるため、引き抜きに比較して管とプラグ、管とダイスが同一断面内で円周方向全域に亘り十分接触しやすくて、管は平滑化しやすくなり、高寸法精度の管が得られることになる。
【0018】
その結果、これらの管の疲労強度を比較すると、押し抜きにより製造した管は従来の引き抜きにより製造した管に比較して目標とする十分な疲労強度を得ることができる。また、押し抜きの場合、縮径率が小さくても管内外面の平滑化が可能なため引き抜きの場合に比べて加工歪みが大きくならず、よって縮径後の熱処理負荷も軽くて、製造コストは低くなる。
【0019】
また、図3に示す従来のロータリー鍛造機3を用いた押し込みでは、一体型のものを円周方向に分割した分割ダイス4を用いてダイスを復動10させて加工するため、段差が生じて肉厚精度を十分良好にすることができなかったのに対し、本発明では、そのような段差は全く生じず、その結果として管の内外面とも平滑化できて、十分な疲労強度を得ることができる。本発明では、例えば、ダイスを一体型ダイスとして段差をなくしても良く、あるいは固定型ダイスとして復動回転による段差を防止しても良い。勿論、ダイスを一体型かつ固定型ダイスとして段差を防止しても良い。
【0020】
さらに、本発明では、従来のロータリー鍛造機を用いてダイスを復動させる方法に比較して装置構造をより簡素にすることができ、加工に十分な荷重を加えることができて、ダイス入側の肉厚に比較して出側の肉厚を同等あるいはそれ以下とすることによる荷重の増加に対しても、 十分加工が可能であるから、広範囲の要求サイズに対して寸法精度が良好で疲労強度も十分な管が得られる。
【0021】
従来、金属管の外径偏差、内径偏差、円周方向肉厚偏差を3.0 %以下にする方法として、機械加工(材料の部分的除去を伴う加工)による方法が公知であるが、加工費用が多大となり、作業能率も悪く、また、長尺で小径の金属管の加工は困難であった。したがって、自動車部品のドライブシャフト等へ適用するのは難しい。
【0022】
上記機械加工された金属管と本金属管(本発明に係る押し抜きままの金属管)を識別する方法としては、本金属管の表面には製造の前工程の加熱、圧延等により黒皮が付着しているのに対し、機械加工されたものは黒皮が除去されているので、管表面の状況を観察するという方法が挙げられ、この方法により識別が可能である。
【0023】
さらに、本金属管は、従来のロータリー鍛造機を用いて鋼管をダイスに押し込んで加工する方法(例えば特許文献1,2,3参照)で製造されたものに比べて肉厚偏差が数倍優れている。すなわち、過去、押し抜きのままで外径偏差、内径偏差、円周方向肉厚偏差のいずれか一または二以上が3.0 %以下となっている鋼管は得られなかった。
【0024】
本発明において、寸法精度の指標とした外径偏差、内径偏差および円周方向肉厚偏差は、次のようにして求める。
外径(または内径)偏差は、マイクロメータを管外面(または内面)に接触させて、管を回転して測定した外径(または内径)の円周方向分布データから、目標外径(または目標内径)に対する最大偏差として算出するか、または、レーザ光を管外面(または内面)に当てて測定した管とレーザ発振源との距離の円周方向分布データから、目標外径(または目標内径)に対する最大偏差として算出する。または、管の円周方向断面を画像解析して、真円からの偏差を円周方向に算出して外径(または内径)偏差を算出してもよい。
【0025】
円周方向肉厚偏差は、上記外径の円周方向分布データと上記内径の円周方向分布データの差として算出するか、または、管の円周方向断面を画像解析して、肉厚断面の画像から目標肉厚に対する最大偏差として直接測定する。
また、測定は管の先・後端部より150mm を除いた任意の位置で10mm以下のピッチで行い、10点以上の測定点の値より求めるものとする。
【0026】
すなわち、外径偏差、内径偏差および肉厚偏差(=円周方向肉厚偏差)は次のように定義される。
外径偏差:(MAX 外径−MIN 外径)/目標外径(あるいは平均外径)×100 (%)
内径偏差:(MAX 内径−MIN 内径)/目標内径(あるいは平均内径)×100 (%)
肉厚偏差:(MAX 肉厚−MIN 肉厚)/目標肉厚(あるいは平均肉厚)×100 (%)
本発明の高寸法精度管は、上記三寸法精度指標の一または二以上が3.0 %以下となっている金属管であるから、3.0 %以下の高寸法精度が要求される自動車用駆動系部品等の金属管として使用することができる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
実施例1では、外径40mm×肉厚6mmの鋼管に対し図1に示した形態の押し抜き加工を行った。ここでは、管内面に接触させる面を鏡面にしたプラグと、一体型固定ダイスであって管外面に接触させる面を鏡面にしたダイスを用いた。プラグは一端を固定して管内に装入した。加工条件は、出側肉厚=入側肉厚、縮径率=10%とした。
【0028】
実施例2では、実施例1において縮径率=5%とした以外は該例と同様にして加工を行った。
実施例3では、実施例2においてプラグをフローティングさせた以外は該例と同様にして加工を行った。
また、比較例1として、実施例2において図1に示した形態の押し抜きに代えて図2に示した形態の引き抜きとし、かつ出側板厚<入側板厚とした以外は該例と同様にして加工を行なった。
【0029】
また、比較例2として、実施例2において一体型固定ダイスに代えて、図3に示した形態の分割ダイスをロータリー鍛造機に組み込んで復動させて用い、かつ押し抜きに代えて押し込みとした以外は該例と同様にして加工を行なった。
また、比較例3として、比較例2において加工条件を、出側肉厚=入側肉厚+1mm(=7mm)とした以外は該例と同様にして加工を行なった。
【0030】
縮径加工後のこれら鋼管について前記三寸法精度指標を求めるとともに、これら鋼管を疲労試験に供した。その結果を表1に示す。
なお、表1に示した外径および内径偏差は、前記レーザ光を用いた測定により求め、これら測定データの円周方向分布の差から、同表の円周方向肉厚偏差を求めた。
【0031】
また、表1に示された疲労試験の耐久限界回数とは、図4に示すように、応力を一定として亀裂発生までの繰り返し回数(すなわち耐久回数)を求める試験にて応力レベルを種々変えて応力と耐久回数の関係を図式化した図において、耐久回数の増加につれて応力が減少傾向から略一定となり始める屈曲点での耐久回数を意味し、この値が大きいほど疲労強度は良好である。すなわち、この例の場合は、応力約150MPaでの耐久回数である。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0004285053
【0033】
表1より、実施例1〜3の製品管は、寸法精度が著しく良好で、疲労強度も最も良好であり、特にプラグをフローティングさせると寸法精度はさらに良好であった(実施例3)。これに対して、従来の引き抜きでは製品管の寸法精度が低下しその結果疲労強度も著しく低下していた(比較例1)。ロータリー鍛造機を用いた押し込みでも製品管の寸法精度は低下し(比較例2)、増肉させるとさらに低下し(比較例3)、十分な疲労強度を得ることはできなかった。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明の高寸法精度管は著しく良好な寸法精度を有しその結果良好な疲労強度を具えたものであり、しかも低コストで製造しうるから、自動車用駆動系部品等の軽量化促進に多大に寄与するという優れた効果を奏する。また、本発明の製造方法によれば、広範囲の管要求サイズに亘り寸法精度が著しく良好な金属管を低コストで製造することができるようになるという優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明で用いる押し抜きの実施形態を示す説明図である。
【図2】従来の引き抜きの実施形態を示す説明図である。
【図3】従来の分割ダイスを装着して復動させるロータリー鍛造機による押し込みの実施形態を示す説明図であり、(a)は管中心軸を含む断面図、(b)は(a)のA−A矢視図である。
【図4】疲労試験の応力と耐久回数の関係を示す特性図である。
【符号の説明】
1 プラグ
2 ダイス(例:一体型固定ダイス)
3 ロータリー鍛造機
4 分割ダイス
5 管(金属管、鋼管)
6 管押し機
7 管引き機
8 押し込み力
9 引き抜き力
10 復動[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a high dimensional accuracy tube and a method for manufacturing the same, and to manufacture a high dimensional accuracy tube that can be advantageously applied to a device that requires high dimensional accuracy such as an automobile drive system component. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high dimensional accuracy tube suitable for use in the above.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Metal pipes such as steel pipes are generally roughly classified into welded pipes and seamless pipes. Welded pipes are manufactured by rounding the width of the strip and welding by welding both ends of the rounded width, such as ERW steel pipes, while seamless pipes are used to drill a mass of material at high temperatures. It is manufactured by a method of rolling with a mandrel mill afterwards. In the case of a welded pipe, the bulge of the welded part is ground after welding to improve the dimensional accuracy of the pipe, but the wall thickness deviation exceeds 3.0%. In the case of a seamless pipe, it is easy to be eccentric in the drilling process, and a large thickness deviation is likely to occur due to the eccentricity. Although efforts have been made to reduce this thickness deviation in a later process, it cannot be sufficiently reduced, and remains at 8.0% or more at the product stage.
[0003]
Recently, due to environmental problems, the weight reduction of automobiles has been spurred, and drive system parts such as drive shafts are being replaced from solid metal rods to hollow metal tubes. These metal pipes for automobile drive system parts, etc. are required to have a high dimensional accuracy of 3.0% or less, more strictly 1.0% or less, as deviations in thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter. This is because drive system parts must endure fatigue caused by long-distance driving of automobiles. If the accuracy of the thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the metal pipe is poor, the unevenness that is relatively large on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe inevitably exists. This is because fatigue fracture tends to progress as a starting point, and the fatigue strength is remarkably reduced. Therefore, in order to maintain sufficient fatigue strength, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of the thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of the metal tube.
[0004]
As a means for improving the accuracy of the thickness, inner diameter, and outer diameter of metal pipes, conventionally, a manufacturing method (so-called cold cooling) is generally used in which steel pipes (both welded pipes and seamless pipes) are cold drawn using a die and a plug after pipe forming. Checking) is taken. In recent years, a manufacturing technique has been proposed in which a steel pipe is pushed into a die hole and processed using a rotary forging machine incorporating a die divided in the circumferential direction (see Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-9-262637 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-262619 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-15612 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional cold check method, when the restrictions on equipment and the thickness and diameter of the pipe are large and the drawing stress cannot be obtained sufficiently, the diameter reduction ratio must be lowered. Because the stress of the tube is a tensile force within the gap between the plug and the die hole inner surface, the contact between the die and the tube, and the drawing plug and the tube is insufficient, and the inner surface and outer surface of the tube are not smoothed. Unevenness is likely to remain. For this reason, the diameter reduction rate of the pipe is increased by a cold check to improve the contact between the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe, the plug, and the die in the machining tool. However, when the tube is cooled using a die, unevenness is generated on the inner surface of the tube, and the roughness due to the unevenness increases as the diameter reduction ratio of the tube increases. As a result, it is difficult to obtain a tube with high dimensional accuracy by the cold check method, and therefore the fatigue strength of the tube is not sufficient. Therefore, a tube with better dimensional accuracy and fatigue strength has been strongly demanded.
[0007]
Further, in the conventional cold check method, even when there is equipment capability and the diameter reduction rate can be increased, the processing strain due to the diameter reduction increases and the tube is easily work-hardened. The pipe is further processed after bending, such as bending and swaging, but cracks are likely to occur due to the work hardening in the drawing, so it is necessary to apply heat treatment at a high temperature for a long time after drawing. Therefore, since the manufacturing cost is remarkably large, a high dimensional accuracy pipe that is inexpensive and easy to process has been demanded.
[0008]
Moreover, in the manufacturing technology described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, as a result of dividing the die of the rotary forging machine and moving the die backward, a step is easily generated in the divided portion, and the smoothing of the outer surface is insufficient. Or as a result of uneven deformation due to the rigidity of different dies in the circumferential direction, the thickness accuracy is insufficient, so the target finish dimensional accuracy cannot be obtained sufficiently, and the fatigue strength of the steel pipe is not sufficient There was no need for further improvement.
[0009]
Furthermore, in the manufacturing technology described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, the thickness after pushing the steel pipe is thicker than the thickness before pushing. This is a limitation due to the use of a rotary forging machine that has a complicated structure and is difficult to apply a load. As a result, irregularities are likely to occur on the inner surface of the pipe, making it difficult to smooth the pipe. Yes. For this reason, in order to obtain a desired thickness after pushing, the thickness before pushing can only be reduced. Therefore, in order to prepare pipes of various product sizes and improve the performance such as fatigue strength of those pipes, it is necessary to prepare a large number of raw pipe sizes. However, because there are restrictions on the tube manufacturing equipment and many sizes cannot be prepared, it has been difficult to obtain good dimensions over the entire required size of the tube. In order to increase the wall thickness, the side closer to the outlet in the processing bite increases the gap to make it easier to deform the tube. However, if there is a gap and the deformation becomes easier, irregularities occur on the inner surface of the tube. If the wall thickness is further increased, the gap becomes larger, making it difficult for the tube to make sufficient contact with the die surface or the plug surface. As a result, smoothing of the tube surface does not progress and it is difficult to obtain a high dimensional accuracy tube. Had drawbacks.
[0010]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above requirements and difficulties, an object of the present invention is to provide a high dimensional accuracy pipe having sufficient fatigue strength that can be manufactured at a low cost over a wide range of required sizes of the pipe and a method for manufacturing the same. .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention which has achieved the above object is a high dimensional accuracy tube having the following gist and a manufacturing method of the high dimensional accuracy tube .
[0012]
( 1 ) The metal tube is pushed through the die hole with the plug inserted in the tube, and the metal tube on the outlet side of the die is made thinner than that on the inlet side. One of the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential thickness deviation, which is manufactured, is 3.0 or less.
[0013]
( 2 ) The high-dimensional accuracy tube according to (1), wherein the punching is performed while a metal tube is circumscribed on the plug and circumscribed on the die in the same cross section of the tube. .
( 3 ) The high dimensional accuracy tube according to (1) or (2) , wherein the die is an integral type and / or a fixed type die.
[0014]
(4) per the pass is pushed into the hole of the die while charging a plug, the wall thickness of the outlet side of the tube of the die or less thickness of the tube of the inlet side that in the tube metal tubes method of producing a high dimensional precision tubes you characterized.
( 5 ) The high dimensional accuracy tube according to ( 4 ), wherein the punching is performed while the metal tube is circumscribed on the plug and circumscribed on the die in the same cross section of the tube. Manufacturing method.
[0015]
( 6 ) The method for manufacturing a high-dimensional accuracy tube according to (4) or (5) , wherein the die is an integral type and / or a fixed die.
( 7 ) The method for manufacturing a high-dimensional accuracy tube according to any one of ( 4 ) to ( 6 ), wherein the plug is a floating plug.
In the present invention, the upper limits of the outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and circumferential thickness deviation are preferably 1.0%, more preferably 0.5%.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally, when a metal tube is pulled out using a die and a plug, the reason why it is difficult to improve the dimensional accuracy of the tube is because of the drawing, the die and the outer surface of the processing bite, and the plug and the inner surface of the tube This comes from the fact that the contact becomes insufficient. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, by inserting the plug 1 into the tube (metal tube) 5 and pulling the tube 5 out of the hole of the die 2, the pulling force 9 applied on the exit side of the die 2 Tension is generated inside the machining tool, and irregularities are generated and increased on the inner and outer surfaces of the tube from the entrance to the exit side of the machining tool. Further, on the inlet side in the machining bite, the inner surface of the tube deforms along the plug 1 so that the outer surface of the tube does not contact or slightly contacts, and on the outlet side in the machining bite, the outer surface of the tube is on the die 2. Due to contact and deformation, the inner surface of the tube does not contact or slightly contacts. For this reason, both the inner and outer surfaces of the tube have free deformation portions, and the unevenness cannot be sufficiently smoothed, and the dimensional accuracy of the tube obtained after drawing is low.
[0017]
In comparison with this, in the case of the punching used in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the plug 1 is inserted into the tube 5 and the tube 5 is pushed through the hole of the die 2 and passed therethrough. Due to the pushing force 8 applied on the entry side of the die 2, a compressive stress acts on the entire surface of the machining tool. As a result, the tube 5 can sufficiently contact the plug 1 and the die 2 over the entire circumferential direction in the same cross section regardless of whether the machining tool is on the entry side or the exit side. In addition, even within a small diameter reduction ratio, the inside of the machining tool becomes compressive stress, so that compared to drawing, the tube and plug, and the tube and the die are more likely to make sufficient contact over the entire circumferential direction within the same cross section. The tube becomes easy to smooth, and a tube with high dimensional accuracy is obtained.
[0018]
As a result, when comparing the fatigue strength of these tubes, the tube manufactured by punching can obtain a target sufficient fatigue strength compared to the tube manufactured by conventional drawing. Also, in the case of punching, the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe can be smoothed even if the diameter reduction ratio is small, so the processing strain does not increase compared to the case of drawing, so the heat treatment load after diameter reduction is light and the manufacturing cost is Lower.
[0019]
Further, in the indentation using the conventional rotary forging machine 3 shown in FIG. 3, since the die is moved back 10 using the divided die 4 obtained by dividing the integral type in the circumferential direction, a step is generated. Whereas the thickness accuracy could not be made sufficiently good, in the present invention, such a step does not occur at all, and as a result, both the inner and outer surfaces of the pipe can be smoothed to obtain sufficient fatigue strength. Can do. In the present invention, for example, the step may be eliminated by using a die as an integrated die, or the step due to backward rotation may be prevented as a fixed die. Of course, the step may be prevented by using a die as an integral and fixed die.
[0020]
Furthermore, in the present invention, the structure of the apparatus can be further simplified as compared with the method of moving the die backward using a conventional rotary forging machine, and a sufficient load can be applied to the processing. Compared to the wall thickness, it is possible to process sufficiently even if the load on the outlet side is equal or less than that, so it can be processed sufficiently. A tube with sufficient strength can be obtained.
[0021]
Conventionally, as a method for reducing the outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and circumferential thickness deviation of a metal pipe to 3.0% or less, a method by machining (processing with partial removal of material) is known, but the processing cost is low. The work efficiency was poor, and it was difficult to process a long and small-diameter metal tube. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to drive shafts of automobile parts.
[0022]
As a method for discriminating between the machined metal tube and the present metal tube (as-punched metal tube according to the present invention), the surface of the present metal tube has black skin due to heating, rolling or the like in the pre-production process. Since the black skin is removed from the machined material while it is attached, there is a method of observing the state of the tube surface, which can be identified by this method.
[0023]
Furthermore, this metal pipe has a wall thickness deviation several times better than that manufactured by a method of pressing a steel pipe into a die using a conventional rotary forging machine (see, for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). ing. That is, in the past, a steel pipe in which any one or two or more of the outer diameter deviation, inner diameter deviation, and circumferential thickness deviation were 3.0% or less while being punched was not obtained.
[0024]
In the present invention, the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential thickness deviation as indices of dimensional accuracy are obtained as follows.
The outer diameter (or inner diameter) deviation is calculated from the distribution data in the circumferential direction of the outer diameter (or inner diameter) measured by rotating the tube with the micrometer in contact with the outer surface (or inner surface) of the tube. Calculated as the maximum deviation from the inner diameter), or from the distribution data in the circumferential direction of the distance between the tube and the laser oscillation source measured by applying laser light to the outer surface (or inner surface) of the tube, the target outer diameter (or target inner diameter) Is calculated as the maximum deviation for. Alternatively, an outer diameter (or inner diameter) deviation may be calculated by image analysis of a circumferential section of the tube and calculating a deviation from a perfect circle in the circumferential direction.
[0025]
The circumferential wall thickness deviation is calculated as the difference between the circumferential distribution data of the outer diameter and the circumferential distribution data of the inner diameter, or the circumferential section of the tube is image-analyzed to obtain a thick section. Measure directly as the maximum deviation from the target wall thickness.
In addition, measurement shall be performed at a pitch of 10 mm or less at any position excluding 150 mm from the front and rear ends of the tube, and obtained from the values of 10 or more measurement points.
[0026]
That is, the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the thickness deviation (= circumferential thickness deviation) are defined as follows.
Outer diameter deviation: (MAX outer diameter-MIN outer diameter) / Target outer diameter (or average outer diameter) x 100 (%)
Inner diameter deviation: (MAX inner diameter-MIN inner diameter) / target inner diameter (or average inner diameter) x 100 (%)
Thickness deviation: (MAX thickness-MIN thickness) / Target thickness (or average thickness) x 100 (%)
The high dimensional accuracy tube of the present invention is a metal tube in which one or two or more of the above three dimensional accuracy indicators are 3.0% or less. Can be used as a metal tube.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
In Example 1, a steel pipe having an outer diameter of 40 mm and a wall thickness of 6 mm was punched in the form shown in FIG. Here, a plug having a mirror surface as a surface to be brought into contact with the inner surface of the tube and a die having an integral fixed die and having a surface as a mirror surface as being brought into contact with the outer surface of the tube were used. The plug was inserted into the tube with one end fixed. The processing conditions were outlet side thickness = inside side thickness, and diameter reduction rate = 10%.
[0028]
In Example 2, the processing was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the diameter reduction ratio was 5% in Example 1.
In Example 3, processing was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the plug was floated in Example 2.
Further, as Comparative Example 1, in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the pulling of the form shown in FIG. 2 was used instead of the punching of the form shown in FIG. And processed.
[0029]
Further, as Comparative Example 2, in place of the integrated fixed die in Example 2, the split die having the form shown in FIG. 3 was incorporated into a rotary forging machine and moved backward, and instead of punching, it was pushed. Except for the above, processing was performed in the same manner as in this example.
Further, as Comparative Example 3, processing was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the processing condition was changed to outlet side thickness = incoming side thickness + 1 mm (= 7 mm).
[0030]
The three-dimensional accuracy index was obtained for these steel pipes after diameter reduction, and these steel pipes were subjected to a fatigue test. The results are shown in Table 1.
The outer diameter and inner diameter deviation shown in Table 1 were obtained by measurement using the laser beam, and the circumferential thickness deviation in the table was obtained from the difference in the circumferential distribution of these measurement data.
[0031]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the fatigue limit number of times of the fatigue test shown in Table 1 is obtained by varying the stress level in a test for obtaining the number of repetitions until crack initiation (that is, the number of durability times) with constant stress. In the diagram illustrating the relationship between the stress and the number of times of endurance, it means the number of times of endurance at the bending point where the stress begins to become substantially constant from the decreasing tendency as the number of endurance increases, and the larger this value, the better the fatigue strength. That is, in the case of this example, the number of times of durability at a stress of about 150 MPa.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004285053
[0033]
From Table 1, the product pipes of Examples 1 to 3 had remarkably good dimensional accuracy and the best fatigue strength, and even better when the plug was floated (Example 3). On the other hand, in the conventional drawing, the dimensional accuracy of the product pipe was lowered, and as a result, the fatigue strength was also significantly lowered (Comparative Example 1). Even indentation using a rotary forging machine, the dimensional accuracy of the product pipe decreased (Comparative Example 2), and when the thickness was increased (Comparative Example 3), sufficient fatigue strength could not be obtained.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
The high dimensional accuracy tube of the present invention has a remarkably good dimensional accuracy and, as a result, has good fatigue strength, and can be manufactured at a low cost. It has an excellent effect of contributing to. In addition, according to the manufacturing method of the present invention, it is possible to produce a metal tube with extremely good dimensional accuracy at a low cost over a wide range of tube required sizes.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of punching used in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a conventional drawing embodiment.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views showing an embodiment of pushing by a rotary forging machine in which a conventional split die is mounted and moved backward, where FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view including a tube center axis, and FIG. It is an AA arrow line view.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the stress of a fatigue test and the number of durability times.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Plug 2 Dies (Example: Integrated fixed die)
3 Rotary forging machine 4 Divided dies 5 Pipe (metal pipe, steel pipe)
6 Tube pusher 7 Tube puller 8 Pushing force 9 Pulling force
10 Return

Claims (7)

金属管を該管内にプラグを装入した状態でダイスの孔に押し込んで通過させる押し抜きを行い、前記ダイスの出側の金属管の肉厚を入側のそれ以下とすることにより製造された、外径偏差、内径偏差、円周方向肉厚偏差のいずれか一または二以上が3.0 %以下であることを特徴とする押し抜きのままの高寸法精度管。  The metal tube was manufactured by pushing the die tube into the hole of the die while the plug was inserted into the tube, and making the metal tube on the outlet side of the die less than that on the inlet side. One of the outer diameter deviation, the inner diameter deviation, and the circumferential wall thickness deviation is 3.0% or less. 前記押し抜きは金属管を該管の同一断面内でプラグに全周外接かつダイスに全周内接させながら行うものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高寸法精度管。2. The high dimensional accuracy pipe according to claim 1, wherein the punching is performed while the metal pipe is entirely circumscribed by the plug and the circumference of the die within the same cross section of the pipe. 前記ダイスが一体型および/または固定型ダイスであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高寸法精度管。The high-dimensional accuracy pipe according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the die is an integral die and / or a fixed die. 金属管を該管内にプラグを装入した状態でダイスの孔に押し込んで通過させる押し抜きを行うにあたり、前記ダイスの出側の管の肉厚を同入側の同管の肉厚以下とすることを特徴とする高寸法精度管の製造方法。 The thickness of the tube on the outlet side of the die is equal to or less than the thickness of the same tube on the inlet side when the metal tube is pushed through the hole of the die with the plug inserted in the tube. method of producing a high dimensional precision tubes you wherein a. 前記押し抜きは金属管を該管の同一断面内でプラグに全周外接かつダイスに全周内接させながら行うものであることを特徴とする請求項に記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。5. The method of manufacturing a high dimensional accuracy pipe according to claim 4 , wherein the punching is performed while the metal pipe is entirely circumscribed by the plug and the circumference of the die within the same cross section of the pipe. . 前記ダイスが一体型および/または固定型ダイスであることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。6. The method for manufacturing a high-dimensional accuracy tube according to claim 4, wherein the die is an integral die and / or a fixed die. 前記プラグがフローティングプラグであることを特徴とする請求項のいずれかに記載の高寸法精度管の製造方法。The method for manufacturing a high dimensional accuracy tube according to any one of claims 4 to 6 , wherein the plug is a floating plug.
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PCT/JP2004/005091 WO2004091823A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Tube with high dimensional accuracy, and method and device for manufacturing the tube
CA002511633A CA2511633A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 High dimensional accuracy pipe, manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing apparatus
EP04726662A EP1621265A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Tube with high dimensional accuracy, and method and device for manufacturing the tube
US10/541,999 US20060218985A1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Tube with high dimensional accuracy, and method and device for manufacturing the tube
CNB2004800030567A CN100366354C (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Method and device for manufacturing tube with high dimensional accuracy
KR1020057013240A KR100665977B1 (en) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 High Dimensional Accuracy Pipe, Manufacturing Method Thereof, and Manufacturing Apparatus
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