TWI248963B - Slurry for chemical mechanical polishing - Google Patents
Slurry for chemical mechanical polishing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI248963B TWI248963B TW089127256A TW89127256A TWI248963B TW I248963 B TWI248963 B TW I248963B TW 089127256 A TW089127256 A TW 089127256A TW 89127256 A TW89127256 A TW 89127256A TW I248963 B TWI248963 B TW I248963B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- grinding
- chemical mechanical
- mechanical polishing
- alumina
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
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Description
1248963 — 五、發明說明(1) — 用:尸i發!!有關於用,製造導體裝置的化學機械研磨 。特別有關於適合於形成一銅鑲嵌内連線的化學機 械研磨用泥滎。 |%予機 關於形成尺寸縮小的半導體積體電路(如ULSI ),由於 ,有良好的電遷移阻性(electr⑽igrati〇n resistance)、 低電阻,因此銅是用作電性連接之適用材料。 至今’、由於以乾蝕刻產生圖案有其困難,因此銅内連 二疋二下述方式所形成的。詳而言之,在一絕緣膜上形成 供^效如溝槽和連接洞),在表面上形成一阻障膜,以電 4/ 、广個表面上沈積一銅膜,使得凹部被此材料所填 滿,,然後以化學機械研磨法(以下稱作” CMp,,)將表面研磨 f平的,直到除了凹部區域之外的絕緣膜表面完全曝露。出 來,以形成電性連接線(如一鑲嵌内連線,其中凹部被銅 所填滿)’ 一路由栓塞,和一連接栓塞。 以下參照第3圖以說明形成鑲嵌銅内連線的方法。 如第3(a)圖所示,在其内有一下層内連線2形成之一 第一層間絕緣膜丨上,依序形成一氮化矽膜3和一第二層間 絕緣膜4。然後在第二層間絕緣膜4内,形成具有内連&圖 案之一凹部,其部分形成為連接孔,以到達下層内連線2 然後,如第3(b)圖所示,以濺鍍法形成一阻障金屬膜 5。在此膜的整個表面上,以電鍍法形成一銅膜6,使得凹 部被此材料所填滿。電艘的厚度大於溝槽深度、連接孔深 度、和電鑛步驟中製造分散的總和。
2138-3657-PF.ptd 第5頁 1248963
五、發明說明(2) 如第3(c)圖所示,在一研磨泥漿之存在下,使用一研 磨墊以CMP研磨銅膜6,以使得基板表面平坦。繼續研磨’ 直到在第二絕緣膜4上的金屬被完全除去,如第3(d)圖所 示〇 巾π 僧網此果通贾a祜一氧化劑和研; 而經氧 。基本的機構是’銅被氧化劑之化學作用所餘刻, 化之表面層則被研磨顆粒以機械作用除去。 通常’為了對於銅膜有較大的研磨速率,研磨泥漿中 係使用平均粒徑(直徑)數百nffl(第1(b)圖之3〇)的氧化 鋁之一級顆粒作為研磨顆粒,因為具有較佳平均直徑的一 級顆粒可很容易製得,且具有較高的研磨逮率。 的裝Lt、!體裝ί越來越小且越積體化時,會需要更複雜 著内連in邏輯系'统中内連線或多層的縮*,伴隨 應,多層的層數需加大;線的長度以作因 且其位高差異也會增大。Πί;表面變得更崎嶇不平’ 用作電源内連&,^ ^s連線中的上層内連線是 連線溝槽必須較深,以 i f鐘内連線,因此,内 進某些性質。結果,:上 _廷二内連線中的電阻來改 =厚’因此需要形成較層間絕緣膜變得 滿,以在厚的層間絕緣膜中赤―,传球的凹部可得以填 内連線或路由栓塞。為、^ 鑲嵌導電部(如鑲嵌銅 ==内連線的電進導c的電阻或降低信 向厚的内連線,如此才可形ί厚的U,需要形成深度方 幻膜’以提供深的凹部 1248963 五、發明說明(3) 。當以鑲㈣内連線形成-電源内連線時,形成—厚的銅 膜以降低電源内連線之電阻,以減小電壓改變。雖然傳统 =度約數百⑽之銅膜已足夠有用,但有時需要數千厚 厪的銅膜。 當形成厚的銅膜以形成一鑲嵌導電部時,在CMp研磨 所除去的銅量會增加,因此會有大量的研磨屑(如銅或氧 化銅)附著並堆積在研磨墊的表面上。、结果,研磨速率合 而無法繼續研磨,或者被研磨表面不均句。現: 1要,較大的晶圓’以改進產率 '然而,當晶圓變大’- ’’s膜的面積變大,因此以研磨除去的銅量會變大。 研磨銅金屬膜中所產生的研磨眉f ^ 作「研磨產物」。(銅或乳化銅)’在此稱 ^ I確保表面板的平面均勻性,cMp裝置中的表面 =二:使滴下的研磨泥黎之擴散性質,CMP褒置放 =面積的限制’更換研磨墊及確保無塵室之清潔的可使 旦沾iff研磨速率了’與車交薄的膜比較之了,被研磨銅 里、::降低產率。因此,有必要增加銅的研磨迷率: g,增加銅的研磨速率會導致在短時間内有大量的 研磨^旦如此銅附著在研磨塾表面上的現象會更嚴曹 田大里研磨產物如上述附著在研磨墊表面上瞎, 次研磨後必須冑洗或更換研磨#,再纟 戈 2 磨塾之後,必須重覆研磨,導致產率顯著下;先戍更換研 JP-A 1〇-1168〇4揭示在CMp中所產生的銅離子堆積在
1248963 五、發明說明(4) 研磨墊上,且附著在晶圓表面,會損壞晶圓表面的均勻 度且引起短路,其中並揭示此問題可以藉 括-再附著抑制劑(如苯并三⑽enz〇tr;az()le))Jj 組合物來解決。此專利提到由於晶圓表面上銅離子之再附 著所引起的問題,但沒有提到上述由於研磨產物附著到研 磨墊表面所引起的問題。作為再附著抑制劑之苯并三唑可 用作 4几氧化劑(J· B· Cotton,Proc· 2nd Intern· Congr· Metallic Corrosion, (1963) p.590; D. Chadwick et al., Corrosion Sci., 18, (1978) p.39; T. Notodani
Bousei Kanri, 26(3) (1982), p.74; H. Okabe ed.5 "Sekiyu Seihin Tenkazai no Kaihatsu to Saishin Gijutsu” (l 998),CMC,〇.77一82),用於降低銅之研磨速 率的此劑的用量有所限制。再者,苯并三唑起初是用來避 免中*間凹陷(dishing) (JP-As 8-8 3780 and 1 1 -238709 )。當主要用來避免中間凹陷時,此劑的用量需有限制。 JP-A i〇-44047敘述,研磨顆粒可為直徑分佈小於約 1· 〇 //m及平均聚集直徑小於約〇· 4 之金屬氧化物的聚集 =,或者可為包括小於〇 · 4 # m之一級顆粒之金屬氧化物的 刀離球形顆粒。然而,此發明之目的為避免因CMP引起的 表面^陷或損壞,以形成均勻的金屬層和均勻的膜,並控 制阻障膜和研磨墊表面之間的選擇率。關於研磨產物附= ^研=墊表面的問題並沒有提及。此外,此專利列出了二 身又沈Jx的氧化或蒸氣氧化銘(f⑽aiumina)作為 鋁研磨材料,但完全沒有提到Θ -氧化鋁。再者,銅只是
1248963 五、發明說明(5) 列出來作為連線材料,且在其實施例中,只 Γ而a 10Λ63141揭露使用卜氧化㈣為研磨顆粒。 =此專利只敘述θ-氧化銘當作氧化紹的一例子 ,/、,、他氧化鋁(如α _氧化鋁)一起,但穿全 率是用來避免刮痕或中間凹陷: 性,並沒有在;;;表良:, JP:A "1 0-46140揭示一種研磨組合物,其包括一特別 羧鲅,一軋化劑,和水,以鹼將邱調為5至9之間。此 :的實施例揭示一種研磨組合物,其包括檸檬酸以作 二:及氧化鋁以作為研磨材料(實施例7)、然而,此真 利/、敘述研磨速率的改進,以及添加羧酸(例如檸檬酸、 避免與浸蝕記號(corrosi〇n mark)相關的中間凹陷。 使今Ϊ一卜21 546揭露一種用於化學機械研磨的泥漿, :括尿素、一研磨材料、一氧化劑、—成膜劑、和一夢 :^成劑。此專利之實施例敘述了’使用氧化鋁 ; 磨材料,以過氧化氫作為氧化劑,以苯并三唾 = 二if酸作為錯合物形成劑、然而’此專利只敘述了 ί 加錯δ物形成劑可有效擾亂成膜劑(如苯并三唑二 鈍化層(passive layer),以及限制氧化層的深度。/ 、 本發明之目的即為提供一種化學機械研磨二尼漿,1 研在研磨塾上’而且即使當研磨大量鋼 ,而不需中斷研磨;:磨#作而將金屬表面研磨到理想量
1248963 五、發明說明(6) 為了達成此目的,本發明提供一種化學機械研磨用泥 =,用以研磨一含銅金屬臈,其包括氧化鋁以作為研 J顆粒’ -氧化射’以及一有機酸,此卜氧化紹主要含 有經聚集之一級顆粒所構成之二級顆粒。 本發明之研磨泥漿可用來避免研磨產物附著到研磨熱 ^,而且即使當研磨由於厚或大銅膜所致之大量銅金屬 =,仍可以一次研磨操作而將金屬表面以CMp研磨到理想 1 ’而不需中斷研磨操作。 【圖式之簡單說明】 第1圖顯示氧化鋁研磨顆粒的構造。 吐Μ第2圖顯示Θ —氧化鋁之最大直徑和平均直徑對於分散 時間作圖的變化情形。 、第3圖顯示形成鑲嵌銅内連線之方法的製程剖面圖。 以下敘述本發明較佳具體實施例。 7學機械研磨用泥漿(以下稱作「研磨泥漿」)包括, a)圖所示,0 —氧化鋁以作為研磨顆粒,此0 _氧化 要含有經聚集之一級顆粒10所構成之二級顆粒2〇。此 磨泥漿使我們可以避免研磨產物附著到研磨墊上,而且 2 ^當研磨厚或大的銅金屬膜時(亦即,當在一次研磨操 ίΐΓ磨大量銅金屬時),仍可繼續令人滿意的研磨,而 :::ΓΓ作。此處所用之名詞「一銅金屬」或「-銅t屬」表示銅或金屬含銅之合金。 含有二級顆粒之0 -氧化鋁中之二級 至少60 wt%,更佳去i,0/ 貝佴各里敢奸疋 文佳者為至少65 wt%,又更佳者為至少7〇
1248963 五、發明說明(7) WU,以含有二級顆粒之Θ _氧化鋁的總 地避免研磨產物附著在研磨墊上。 1 以更元全 至少广0=,之又平更?Λ最好是至少°. 05…更佳者為 ;。 者為 A"1或以下,更佳者為0.3/^或以 在含有二級顆粒之氧化鋁總量中,直 0 5 /zm,二級顆粒的比例為最妤至少5〇 少55 wt%,更佳者為至少60 wt%。 旯‘圭者為至 _ 此外,最好含有二級顆粒之Θ —氧化 直徑大於,最好是大於15_, 實上=包括 級或二級顆粒。 大於l//m的一 構成含有二級顆粒之Θ _氧化鋁之一級 二:好是至少〇.°°5心,更佳者為“。7一又更传者為 以下,更佳者為〇.〇8_或以下。t佳者4G.G9_或 的平中級顆粒之卜氧化链之-級顆粒 顆粒的平均亩徑二:磨η用:α-氧化銘之-級 ,的平均直徑調整為約習知“_氧化銘之一及二之- 二。使用研磨顆粒中包括主成份為二級顆粒之、:化 =Λ二讲Λ粒之卜氧化銘)料磨泥裝進行,時,由 接觸面Ϊ 7 和由一級顆粒所構成之二級顆粒之間的 接觸面積小,所以在機械除去之後所產生的研磨產物少。
2138-3657-PF.ptd 第11頁 1248963 五、發明說明(8) 再者,所產生的研磨產物會進一步粉碎,以由一級顆 之二級顆粒或不規則表面之間的空間提供較細的 研磨產物。 含有二級顆粒之θ -氧化鋁的表面積大於習知“_ 鋁之一級顆粒。因此,其展現出良好分散性,可避免由於 一級顆粒結合而形成的巨大顆粒。因此,可避 顆粒之刮擦而引起被研磨表面有大尺寸的研磨產物產:。 如上所述,在使同本發明研磨泥漿之CMp中, 的研磨產物很小,以致於可減小在研磨墊表面中研磨產物 ’而微細研磨產物可很容易被連續供應的研磨泥襞 此,即使當大量銅被以研磨除去時,仍可避免 研磨塾巧染。 在使用本發明研磨泥漿的CMP中,除了抑制研磨墊污 ‘的效果外,在被研磨病· & μ &別广, 人古, 刮痕也可得以避免。由於 :广;廚1 化鋁可由於研磨墊所產生的研磨負 載(研磨墊之接觸壓力) 物%德々 ^ y在被研磨表面和由一級顆 # f i之二級顆粒 < 間接觸面積中的應力|度可得以避 j。’广口果’被研磨表面可能無法被實質上除去,於是可避 疒氧化鋁的Mohs,硬度為7 ’而氧化鋁為9。換言 < ’ β -氧化銘的硬度比 gy r , ^ Λ . ^ )哎又匕α乳化鋁息,而對於研磨軟金屬 C如銅)有較適當的硬度,而可避免刮痕。 =者,在含有二級顆粒之Θ —氧化鋁中的二級顆粒具 有大表面積,因此可展現良好分散性,而一級顆粒的表面
1248963 五、發明說明(9) 積是非常小的。因此,本發明中所用 的長期穩定性。 彳用之研磨泥聚具有良好 研磨顆粒之平均直徑,具有特別範圍直徑的比例,和 ,大直徑,可藉由光散射方法以测定研磨顆粒之直徑, 2所得士直徑分佈而估算得。再者,可藉由使用電子顯 ί::測量研磨顆粒之足夠大量的直徑而測得研磨顆粒直 _ θ-氧化鋁之製法可為,在程式化速率的控制下,加 熱成份為含A1鹽類水合物或氫氧化物的膠體(c〇u〇id), 以除去結晶水而得。二級顆粒為一級顆粒在加熱中 的熔化(fusion)而形成的聚集物。由於可在製備0」氧化° 鋁中製備直徑被控制的微細膠體顆粒,可製備出具有平 ^,和直_控分佈的微細一級顆粒。因此,可使我們形成盥 α-乳化銘之一級顆粒有類似直徑的θ_氧化紹的二[ 社:強:Ϊ益Ϊ於在加熱中所形成之一級顆粒之間的熔化 =口強度在適g的範圍内,在適當條件下的散佈會打 夕一級顆粒之間的鍵,而形成適合於本發明-顆粒。 且仅的一級 在本發明研磨泥漿中之含有二級顆粒之0 —
製備方法可為,在適當條件下,將上述製得之Θ —彳 为散在一分散介質(dispersive medium)中。雜士 | 膠體而製得之θ-氧化銘包括平均直徑約10心:由:士熱取 Ϊ中:ΐ:〗多熔合的(fused)-級顆粒。其添加於水性\ 負T的里為1〇以%至70 wt%的範圍内。若有需要,八散
1248963 五、發明說明(10) ----— 的添加里可為001以%至10 wt%的範圍内。Θ — 分散,,量會影響所得二級顆粒的直徑。 b^和 分散可使用例如一超音波分散器,一珠磨分散器 bead mill disperser),球磨分散器(baU miu dlSPerSer)、或捏揉分散器(kneader disperser)來進行 。其中’最好是使用珠磨或球磨分散器,因為它們可穩汀― 地形成有較佳直徑的二級顆粒。再者,可將過濾機構^ $ 給分散器’以除去直徑2 # m或以上的顆粒。 、 分散時間會影響直徑分佈,最好是至少14〇 min,更 ,者,至少150 ηπι,又更佳者為180 min,以將高度單分 散直徑分佈提供給二級顆粒。為了避免受到外來物質的污 染,其上限最好是4〇〇 min或以下,更佳者為35〇 nm或以 下’又更佳者為300 nm或以下。 刀政劑可包括界面活性劑和分散劑之水性聚合物類型 的至少一種。 、 界面活性分散劑的例子包括陰離子性、陽離子性、兩 性(ampholytic)、和非離子性的界面活性劑。適用之陰離 子性界面活性劑包括磺酸之可溶性鹽、硫酸鹽、鲮酸、磷 酸鹽、和膦酸;例如,烷基苯磺酸鈉(ABS)、十二烷基硫 酸鈉(SDS)、硬脂酸鈉、和六甲基磷酸鈉(s〇dium hexamethaphosphate)。陽離子性界面活性劑包括胺鹽, 包括形成鹽的一級、二級或三級胺,及其改質鹽;鎗 (onium)化合物,如四級銨、鐫(ph〇sph〇nium)和锍 (sulfonium)鹽;環狀含氮化合物,如吡啶鑰
2138-3657-PF.ptd 第14頁 1248963 五、發明說明(11) (pyridinium))、喹啉鎗(quinolinium)、和咪唑鎗 (imidazolinium)鹽;以及雜環化合物;例如,十六娱:基-三甲基-氯化銨(CTAC),十六烷基-三甲基-溴化銨 (CTAB) ’十六燒基氯化D比咬鐵,十二烧基氯化卩比淀鐵,炫 基二甲基氯化T基-氯化銨,和烧基萘-氯化吼咬鏺。 非離子性界面活性劑包括有乙氧基(ethylene oxide) 的脂肪酸之加成聚合產物,如聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯,聚氧化 乙烯烷基醚,聚氧化乙烯烷基苯基醚;非離子性界面活性 劑的醚類型;和界面活性劑的聚乙二醇縮合類型;例如, P0E (10)單月桂酸酯,P0E (1〇)單硬脂酸酯,P0E (25) 單硬脂酸酯,P0E (40)單硬脂酸酯,P0E (45)單硬脂酸 酯,P0E (55)單硬脂酸酯,poe (21)月桂基醚,P0E (25)月桂基醚’P0E (15)十六烧基醚,P0E (20)十六 烷基醚,P0E (23)十六烷基醚,poe (25)十六烷基醚, P0E (30)十六烷基醚,poe (4〇)十六烷基醚,P0E (20) 硬脂酸_,P0E (2)壬基苯基醚,poe (3)壬基苯基醚, P0E (5)壬基苯基醚,poe (7)壬基苯基醚,P0E (10) 壬基苯基鱗,P0E (15)壬基苯基醚,poe (18)壬基苯基 醚,P0E (20)壬基苯基醚,poe (10)辛基苯基醚,poe (30)辛基本基驗’poe (6)山梨糖醇gf(sorbitan)單油 酸醋’P0E (20)山梨糖醇酐單油酸酯,p〇e (6)山梨糖 醇酐單月桂酸酯,P0E (20)山梨糖醇酐單月桂酸酯,poe (2 0 )山梨糖醇酐單棕櫚酸酯,p〇E (6)山梨糖醇酐單硬 脂酸S旨,P0E (20)山梨糖醇酐單硬脂酸酯,P〇E (20)山
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軒二硬脂酸酯,P0E (20)山梨糖醇酐三油酸酯, 抑 匕山梨糖醇野單油酸酯5和POE (20)山梨糖醇酐 ,9其中POE表示聚氧化乙婦(polyoxyethylene), )u的數字表示重覆單元-CH2CH20-的數目。 兩〖生界面活性劑包括分子間有至少一個陰離子形成原 A 二團(擇自由一C00H,—S〇3H,-0S03H,和-0Ρ03Η2 所組成之 1中)和陽離子形成原子基團(擇自由—級、二級和三級 =土團和四級叙基團所組成之族群中)的化合物;例如甜 ,鹼(betaines),硫化甜菜鹼,和硫酸鹽甜菜鹼;特別 疋’月桂基二甲基胺乙酸酯甜菜鹼,和N—乙醯基—棕櫚油 月旨肪酸納-N-羧基甲基一N—羥基乙二胺。 水性聚合物分散劑包括離子性和非離子性的聚合物。 離子性聚合物包括藻酸(alginic acid)及其鹽類,聚丙烯 酉文及其鹽類,聚羧酸及其鹽類,纖維素,羧基甲基纖維 素’和羥基乙基纖維素。非離子性聚合物包括聚乙烯醇, 聚乙烯吡咯酮,聚乙二醇,和聚丙烯醯胺。 水性聚合物分散劑之重量平均分子量最好是至少 100,更佳者為至少500,又更佳者為至少1〇〇〇 ;且最好是 100000或以下,更佳者為8〇〇〇〇或以下,又更佳者為5〇〇〇〇 或以下。在此範圍内之重量平均分子量可抑制所得泥漿黏 度的增加,而對於二級顆粒提供良好的直徑分佈。 只要不會對於含有二級顆粒之0-氧化鋁造成負面影 響,可使用額外的研磨顆粒,可包括除了 Θ -氧化鋁以外 的氧化鋁,如α -氧化鋁和(5 -氧化鋁;氧化矽,如蒸氣氧
2138-3657-PF.ptd 第 lg 頁 1248963 五、發明說明(13) 化矽和膠態,化矽;氧化鈦;氧化锆;氧化鍺,·氧化鈽,· 和上述金屬氧化物研磨顆粒之兩種或兩種以上的混合物。 含有二級顆粒之Θ _氧化鋁的含量最好是至少i , 者為至少3 wt%,·且最好是3〇 wt%或以下,更佳者為ι〇 或以下,以化學機械研磨泥漿之總量為準。當研磨泥 漿包括兩種或更多種研磨顆粒時,個別研磨顆粒之景^ 總和最好是至少]wt%,更佳者為至少3 ,·且最好^ 〇 wt%或以下,更佳者為1〇 wt%或以下。 =研磨準確性和研磨效率,可由已知水溶性 k擇本發明研磨泥漿中所含的氧化劑。例如,不合 重金屬離子污染者,包括過氧化物(如札〇2,N 曰 有機I過氧化物,如過氧乙酸和硝基苯。其 广產較物佳的太/為其不會含有金屬成份’不會〜產生: :=μ產物。本發明中所用研磨泥漿中氧化劑的含 二至Ul wt%,更佳者為至少〇.〇5 wt%,又更佳者 ΐ:且2 總量為基準’以達到足夠的添加效 避免Κ疋 或以下,更佳者為10 wt%或以下,以 b ^ ^間凹陷,並將研磨速率調整到一適當值。告作用知 田各易因時間而污染的氧化劑,如過氧 =克用相 J有既定濃度之氧化劑溶液,然後;:::氧::,備 1,製備提供既定研磨泥漿之一組合物,麸之/合液 合併。 然後在使同前再 至於有機酸,可加入羧酸或胺基酸作為質子施者
1248963
五、發明說明(14) (proton donor) 定研磨。 以藉由氧化劑增進 氧化作用,並達到穩 賴包括草酸、丙二酸、酒石酸、類果酸、戊二酸、 捧棣酸、馬來酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戍酸、丙稀 酸、乳酸、丁二酸、於驗酸、及其鹽類。 特別是使用檸檬酸,因為其容易與銅離子形成錯合物 ,以避免研磨墊污染。檸檬酸之錯合物形成作用之加乘效 果(synergetic effect)和含有二級顆粒之氧化鋁之作 用可更避免研磨墊之污染。
可加入胺基酸之自由形式、鹽類、或水合物。可加入 的例子包括精胺酸、精胺酸氫氯酸鹽、精胺酸苦味酸鹽、 精胺酸黃安酸鹽、離胺酸、離胺酸氫氯酸鹽、離胺酸二氫 氯酸鹽、離胺酸苦味酸鹽、組織胺酸、組織胺酸氫氯酸 鹽、組織胺酸二氫氯酸鹽、麩胺酸、麩胺酸氫氯酸鹽、麩 胺酸鈉單水合物、醯胺麵胺酸、谷胱甘肽(glutathi〇ne) 、甘胺醯甘胺酸(glycylglycine)、丙胺酸、石—丙胺酸、 T -胺基丁酸、ε -胺基己酸、天門冬酸、天門冬酸單水合 物、天門冬酸鉀、天門冬酸鉀三水合物、色胺酸、酵胺 酸、甘胺酸、胱胺酸、半胱胺酸、半胱胺酸氫氯酸鹽單水 合物、氧化脯胺酸、異白胺酸、白胺酸、甲硫胺酸、鳥胺 酸氫氯酸鹽、笨基丙胺酸、苯基甘胺酸、脯胺酸、絲胺 酸、赂胺酸、綠胺酸、以及上述胺基酸之混合物。 有機酸之含量最好為至少0· 01 wt%,更佳者為至少〇· 0 5 wt %,以研磨泥漿之總量為基準,以達到足夠效果;
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^最好是5 wt%或以下,更佳者為3州或以下,以避免中 間凹陷’並將研磨速率調整到適當值 泥漿包括複 數種有機酸時,上述含詈表干g , &田匕 ^衣不^些個別有機酸含董的總 和 ° 可在本發明研磨泥衆中更加入抗氧化劑。添加抗氧化 劑可使得銅金屬膜之研磨速率容易調整,並可在銅金屬膜 表面上形成一保護膜,以避免中間凹陷。 抗氧化劑之例子包括笨并三唑、丨,2 4_三唑、笨并氧 化呋咱(benzofuroxan) 笨并三唑、〇_苯二胺
苯二胺、兒茶紛、〇-胺基龄、2-氫硫基苯并三峻、2-氫硫 基苯f «米唾、2-氫硫基苯并嚼唾、三聚氰胺(nielamine)、 及其何生物。#中’苯并二唾及其街生物是較佳的。苯并 三唾衍生物的例子包括苯環上有經基取代;有燒氧基(如 甲氧基和乙氧基)取代;有胺基取代;有硝基取代;有烷 基(如甲基、乙基和丁基)取代;有齒素(如貌、氯、演、 和碘)取代的取代苯并三唾。再者,可使用萘三唾和萘雙 唑,取代之萘三唑和取代之萘雙唑(取代某如上所述)。 抗氧化劑之含量最好是至少〇.〇〇〇1 wt%,更佳者為至 少0.001 wt%,以研磨泥漿之總量為基準,以達到足夠效
果;且最好是5㈣或以下,更佳者為25㈣或以下,以 使研磨速率調整到一適當值。 考慮到研磨速率和浸姓,研磨材料之泥浆黏度和分散 穩定性’研磨泥漿之pH最好為至少3,更佳者為至少4 ;且 最好為9或以下,更佳者為8或以下。
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對於研磨泥漿’可以已知技術調整pH。例如,可將驗 (a 1 ka 1 i )直接加入有研磨顆粒分散及溶有羧酸的泥毁中。 或者’鹼之部分或全部可加入作為羧酸鹼金屬鹽。適 用之驗例子包括鹼金屬氫氧化物,如氫氧化鈉和氫氧化^ ;鹼金屬碳酸鹽,如碳酸鈉和碳酸鉀;氫氧化銨;和胺類 本發明之研磨/尼漿可含有各種常用於加入研磨泥漿中 的添加物’如緩衝劑和黏度改良劑,只要其不會破壞泥裝 之性質即可。 $ 本發明之研磨泥漿可適用於研磨在其表面上有銅金屬 之一基板,即使當進行一次研磨操作中每丨cm2研磨墊至 少2xl04 g/cm2之研磨1 ’甚至為至少ixiQ-3g/cin2研磨 量’更甚至為至少lxl 0_2 g/cm2研磨量之鋼研磨時,也不 會污染研磨墊。 本發明研磨泥漿的組成最好是調整為,使得銅金屬膜 的研磨速率變為最好至少300 nm/min,更佳者為至少4〇〇' nm/min。再者,本發明研磨泥漿之組成最好是調整為,使 得銅金屬膜的研磨速率變成1 500 nm/min或以下,更佳者 為1 000 nm/min或以下。 在CMP裝置中’其上有銅金膜沈積之一晶圓係放置在 一軸晶圓載具(spindle wafer carrier)上。使晶圓之表 面與附著在一旋轉板(表面板)上的一研磨墊(例如由多孔 胺基甲酸乙酯(urethane)所製)接觸。當由研磨泥漿入口 處將研磨泥漿供應到研磨墊表面上時,同時旋轉晶圓和研
1248963 五、發明說明(17) 磨塾以研磨晶圓。若有必要,將一墊調整劑(pad conditioner)與研磨墊表面接觸,以調整研磨墊的表面。 在CMP終點時’將研磨泥漿入口關閉以停止研磨泥漿 之供應,然後由另一入口提供清洗以清洗〗5至3 〇秒。接 著,進行百萬音波(megasonic)清洗,同時保持晶圓為濕 的,以除去研磨泥漿,然後乾燥晶圓。
本發明上述之研磨泥漿特別適合於應兩以CMp在一基 板上形成電連接零件(如鑲嵌内連線,路由栓塞,和接觸 栓塞)的製程,其中一阻障金屬膜形成在一具有凹部(如溝 槽和開口)之一絕緣膜上,且一銅金屬膜形成在絕緣膜的 整個表面上,使得凹部被金屬所填滿。阻障金屬之例子包 括Ta,TaN,Τι和ΤιΝ。絕緣膜的例子包括氧化矽膜,BpSG 膜,和S0G膜。銅金屬膜的例子包括銅膜以及銅合金膜, 合金中所包括之金屬可為導電金屬,例如銀、金、鉑、鈦 、鶴、銘。 本發明之研磨泥漿可用於避免研磨產物附著在研磨墊 上,且即使當研磨由於厚或大銅膜所致之大量銅時,可在 一次研磨操作中以CMP理想地除去大量銅金屬,而不需中 斷研磨操作。 由於本發明研磨泥襞可用於避免在研磨中研磨產物附ί_ 著在研磨墊表面上以及附著在被研磨表面上,因此可得到 有良好平坦度的優良被研磨表面’而不會有元件性質的問 題,如内連線之間的短路。 本發明將參考以下實施例加以說明。
1248963 五、發明說明(18) 【製備含有二級顆粒之Θ ~氧化鋁分散液】 含有二級顆粒之Θ —氧化鋁係使用Θ —氧化鋁 (Sumitomo Chemicai Co·,Ltd·; AKP-G008)來製備。在 製備前以SEM觀察0 -氧化鋁,發現其含有最小和最大直押 為〇·〇3 /zm和0·08 /zm(平均直徑:〇·〇5 #m)的許多熔合一二 級顆粒所構成的聚集物。聚集物的平均直徑是丨〇 # ^。雖 然有時會觀察到比最小或最大尺寸相當小或大的一級顆 粒’但它們益不會影響到最後所得研磨泥漿的性質,也 會對於平均直徑造成影響。 然後’將Aqualic HL415 ( — 種Nippon Shokubai
Co·,Ltd·之分散劑)加入離子交換水中成為4%,然後加入 製備前之Θ -氧化鋁成為40%。將所得混合物使用珠磨機 (Inoue Seisakusho; Super mill),以 1〇〇〇 rpin 之旋轉速 度進行分散。製備複數個分散液,分散時間由2 〇變化到、 400 min。使兩粒徑分析儀(Beckmann-Kolter; LS-230)來 測定在每個分散液中所含0 -氧化鋁的整體顆粒的直徑分 佈。由整體顆粒之直徑分佈來測定最大直徑。藉由將整體 顆粒之直徑分佈減去一級顆粒之直徑分佈,可計算得二級 顆粒的直徑分佈。以統計方式處理二級顆粒的直徑分佈, 可得二級顆粒之平均直徑。再者,對於分散時間為2 〇 〇 m i η的分散液,測定整體含有二級顆粒之$ —氧化銘的二級 顆粒含量,以及整體二級顆粒中直徑為〇· 〇5 至0. 5 //m 之二級顆粒的比例。 表2顯示在許多分散時間下分散液中0 —氧化鋁之二級
2138-3657-PF.ptd 第22頁 1248963
顆粒的最大直徑(·)和平均直徑(〇)。對於分散時 120 min或以下去,右亩你女认日1為 r有百且仏大於3 # m之大的二級顆粒左产 ,而對於分散時間為140 min或以上者,最大^土 /zm。 且二马小於1 當分散時間為2 〇 〇 m i η時,二級顆粒之平均直經為 0.15//m,最大直徑為〇 6//m,對於整體含有二級顆粒之 Θ-氧化鋁中之二級顆粒的含量為74 wt%,而對於整_ 一 =粒二直徑為0.05,至0.5_之間的二級顆粒的比; 為62 wt/Q。此外,沒有發現有顯著的外來物質。
【實施例1】 ' v在上述所製得之分散液中,將分散時間為2〇〇 min之 分散液用來製備pH 7的研磨泥漿i,其包括5· 〇3 Μ%之含 有一級顆粒之<9—氧化鋁,〇·47 ¥1:%之檸檬酸,和ΐ 9 Μ% 之札〇2,其中pH係以氫氧化氨來調整,且在cMp之前加入 H2〇2 0
如第3(a)圖所示,在其上有半導體裝置(如電晶體)形 ^ =6时晶圓(矽基板,未顯示)上,沈積一包括一下層内 、、、、2(未顯示)之一第一氧化矽膜1。在膜i上形成一氮化 、3和一第二氧化矽膜4,厚度為約1· 5 。第二氧化矽 &>;、、、:谈以般方式(例如’微影法和反應性離子钮刻法) 雀ϋ圖案化,以形成作為内連線之溝槽,且在既定面積的 \ ]内形一連線孔,以達到下層内連線2。然後,以濺鍍 法形成厚度5〇 nmiTa膜,以濺鍍法形厚度約5〇 nm之銅 膜,然後以電鍍法形成厚度約2 之銅膜6。
1248963 發明說明(20) 使用研磨泥漿1進行銅膜之CMP。使用Speedfam—Ipec Type SH-24機器進行CMP。研磨器之表面板上附著一直徑 61 cm (24英吋)之研磨墊(R〇de卜Nitta a 14〇〇)。研磨 條件如下:研磨墊之接觸壓力(研磨壓力):27.6 kPa ;研 磨墊之=磨面積:1 820 cm2 ;表面板之旋轉速度:55 rpm ,載具旋轉速度:55 rpm ;研磨泥漿供應速度·· 10〇 mL/ min。在研磨銅膜約2 後,以目視法或以研磨速率為基 礎以評估研磨墊的污染程度。
士上述銅膜被研磨2 # m。研磨速率固定,且直到研磨終 止牯研磨都报穩定。然後,以目視法評估研磨墊的污染, 發現到只有很少的研磨產物附著在研磨墊上。被研磨表面 的SEM觀察表示可避免刮痕。 【實施例2】 、t f備研磨泥漿1的方法製備研磨泥漿2,但以蘋果酸 取j #棣酸。使用研磨泥漿2依上述進行CMP。研磨速率為 固疋’直到研磨終止研磨都很穩定。然後,以上述方式評 估研磨塾之污染,發現到只有很少研磨產物附著在研磨墊 上。被研磨表面之SEM表示,可避免刮痕。 【比較實施例j】
一尽以製備研磨泥漿2的方法製備研磨泥漿3,但以商用α 氧化叙取代0〜氧化紹。使用研磨泥漿3依上述進行CMP, ΐ =上述方式進行研磨墊的評估,發現有大量研磨產物附 著在研磨塾上。
Claims (1)
1248963 89127256 t 93l 3. -S :3月 y曰 修正冰 補充 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種化學機械研磨1泥漿,用以研磨一含銅金屬 膜,其包括<9 -氧化銘以作為研磨顆粒,一氧化劑,以及 一有機酸,此0 -氧化鋁主要含有經聚集之一級顆粒所構 成之二級顆粒;其中該Θ-氧化鋁之二級顆粒的平均直徑 為0.05 //in至0.5 //m之間’而該Θ -氧化銘之一級顆粒的平 均粒徑為0· 05 // m至0. 1 // m之間;該0 -氧化鋁包括5〇 wt0/〇 或以上之粒徑為0 · 〇 5 /z m至0 · 5 /z m之間的二級顆粒,以二 級顆粒之總量為基準;該β -氧化鋁中實質上不存在粒徑 大於2 // m 的一級和二級顆粒;該有機酸之含量為〇. 〇 i wt%至5 wt%之間,以化學機械研磨用泥漿之總量為基準; 該有機酸包括含量為0.01 wt%至5 wt%之間,以化學機械 研磨用泥漿之總量為基準之擰檬酸;該化學機械研磨用泥 漿之pH為4至8之間。 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械研磨用泥 漿,其中該0 -氧化鋁的用量為1 wt%至30 wt%,以化學機 械研磨用泥漿之總量為基準。 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械研磨用泥 漿,其中該0 -氧化鋁之二級顆粒的用量為60 wt%或以 上,以0-氧化鋁之總量為基準。 4 ·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械研磨用泥 漿,其中該氧化劑之含量為0· 01 wt%至1 5 wt%之間,以化 學機械研磨用泥漿之總量為基準。 5.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化學機械研磨用泥 漿,其包括〇· 0 0 0 1 wt%至5 wt%之間的一抗氧化劑,以化 學機械研磨用泥漿之總量為基準」_
2l38-3657-PF2-Ptc 第25頁
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US6413869B1 (en) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-07-02 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Dielectric protected chemical-mechanical polishing in integrated circuit interconnects |
KR100445499B1 (ko) * | 2001-07-23 | 2004-08-21 | 제일모직주식회사 | 반도체 디바이스의 산화막 연마용 cmp 슬러리 |
SG144688A1 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2008-08-28 | Fujimi Inc | Polishing composition and polishing method employing it |
US6821897B2 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-11-23 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Method for copper CMP using polymeric complexing agents |
TWI282360B (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2007-06-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Polishing composition and polishing method thereof |
US6936543B2 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-08-30 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | CMP method utilizing amphiphilic nonionic surfactants |
US6974777B2 (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2005-12-13 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | CMP compositions for low-k dielectric materials |
TWI257126B (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2006-06-21 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Slurry and polishing method |
JP4336550B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-09 | 2009-09-30 | 花王株式会社 | 磁気ディスク用研磨液キット |
JP2005105068A (ja) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-04-21 | Mimasu Semiconductor Industry Co Ltd | ラッピングスラリー及びウェーハの加工方法 |
US20050194562A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2005-09-08 | Lavoie Raymond L.Jr. | Polishing compositions for controlling metal interconnect removal rate in semiconductor wafers |
JP2005302973A (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Jsr Corp | 化学機械研磨用水系分散体及び化学機械研磨方法 |
JP2005302974A (ja) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Jsr Corp | 化学機械研磨用水系分散体及び化学機械研磨方法 |
US7524347B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2009-04-28 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | CMP composition comprising surfactant |
JP4776269B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-28 | 2011-09-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 金属膜cmp用スラリー、および半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2007059661A (ja) * | 2005-08-25 | 2007-03-08 | Sony Corp | 研磨方法および研磨装置 |
US9129907B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2015-09-08 | Cabot Microelectronics Corporation | Onium-containing CMP compositions and methods of use thereof |
KR100827591B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-07 | 제일모직주식회사 | 화학적 기계적 연마용 슬러리 조성물 및 그 전구체 조성물 |
JP5031446B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-30 | 2012-09-19 | 花王株式会社 | ハードディスク基板用研磨液組成物 |
DE102007035266B4 (de) * | 2007-07-27 | 2010-03-25 | Siltronic Ag | Verfahren zum Polieren eines Substrates aus Silicium oder einer Legierung aus Silicium und Germanium |
US7994105B2 (en) | 2007-08-11 | 2011-08-09 | Jagdish Narayan | Lubricant having nanoparticles and microparticles to enhance fuel efficiency, and a laser synthesis method to create dispersed nanoparticles |
WO2009071351A1 (en) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-11 | Basf Se | A method for chemically-mechanically polishing patterned surfaces composed of metallic and nonmetallic patterned regions |
JP5461772B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-14 | 2014-04-02 | 花王株式会社 | 研磨液組成物 |
CN102834479B (zh) | 2010-07-14 | 2015-02-18 | 日立化成株式会社 | 铜研磨用研磨液及使用了其的研磨方法 |
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US10442055B2 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2019-10-15 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Lubricated mechanical polishing |
MY195822A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2023-02-22 | Nissan Chemical Corp | Polishing Composition Containing Amphoteric Surfactant |
US20230039134A1 (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2023-02-09 | Nitta Dupont Incorporated | Polishing slurry |
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