TW565717B - Liquid crystal projector - Google Patents
Liquid crystal projector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW565717B TW565717B TW087120460A TW87120460A TW565717B TW 565717 B TW565717 B TW 565717B TW 087120460 A TW087120460 A TW 087120460A TW 87120460 A TW87120460 A TW 87120460A TW 565717 B TW565717 B TW 565717B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- crystal panel
- light
- optical mechanism
- patent application
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 73
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005247 gettering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000761427 Boraras micros Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3105—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators
- H04N9/3108—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators for displaying all colours simultaneously, e.g. by using two or more electronic spatial light modulators by using a single electronic spatial light modulator
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
- Projection Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP36399297A JP3779052B2 (ja) | 1997-12-17 | 1997-12-17 | 液晶プロジェクタ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW565717B true TW565717B (en) | 2003-12-11 |
Family
ID=18480715
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW087120460A TW565717B (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1998-12-09 | Liquid crystal projector |
| TW090100770A TWI249050B (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1998-12-09 | Liquid crystal projector |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW090100770A TWI249050B (en) | 1997-12-17 | 1998-12-09 | Liquid crystal projector |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6144426A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP3779052B2 (enExample) |
| TW (2) | TW565717B (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022127544A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 | 一种光调制器与投影显示系统 |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11204434A (ja) * | 1998-01-12 | 1999-07-30 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | 半導体装置およびその作製方法 |
| US6246070B1 (en) * | 1998-08-21 | 2001-06-12 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device provided with semiconductor circuit made of semiconductor element and method of fabricating the same |
| US6261881B1 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 2001-07-17 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device provided with semiconductor circuit consisting of semiconductor element and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP4493741B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-04 | 2010-06-30 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| JP2000098296A (ja) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-04-07 | Sharp Corp | 投影型カラー画像表示装置 |
| US6469317B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-10-22 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of fabricating the same |
| US7697052B1 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2010-04-13 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electronic view finder utilizing an organic electroluminescence display |
| TW436630B (en) * | 1999-06-05 | 2001-05-28 | Ind Tech Res Inst | The circuit testing method of a reflective-type liquid crystal projector and the testing method of the panel pixel area |
| DE60025148D1 (de) * | 1999-07-02 | 2006-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Bildprojektionsgerät |
| GB9917677D0 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 1999-09-29 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Active matrix array devices |
| JP2002148603A (ja) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-22 | Sony Corp | 液晶表示素子および投射型液晶表示装置 |
| JP2002350974A (ja) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-12-04 | Sharp Corp | 投影型画像表示装置 |
| US6498686B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-12-24 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Single light valve projector with reduced sequential color artifacts |
| JP3970784B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-10 | 2007-09-05 | シャープ株式会社 | マイクロレンズ基板、及びそれを備えた液晶表示素子、並びに投影型液晶表示装置 |
| KR100480730B1 (ko) * | 2003-03-03 | 2005-04-07 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 입체 영상 표시 장치 |
| KR20040089286A (ko) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 액정표시장치 |
| JP4152806B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-28 | 2008-09-17 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | レーザ光照射装置 |
| DE10335271A1 (de) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-17 | Hentze-Lissotschenko Patentverwaltungs Gmbh & Co.Kg | Strahlformungsvorrichtung |
| JP4202221B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-26 | 2008-12-24 | シャープ株式会社 | 光屈折素子アレイ基板、画像表示素子および画像表示装置 |
| US7070301B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2006-07-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
| US7090357B2 (en) | 2003-12-23 | 2006-08-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Combined light source for projection display |
| US7246923B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-07-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Reshaping light source modules and illumination systems using the same |
| US7427146B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light-collecting illumination system |
| US7300177B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2007-11-27 | 3M Innovative Properties | Illumination system having a plurality of light source modules disposed in an array with a non-radially symmetrical aperture |
| US7101050B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-09-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Illumination system with non-radially symmetrical aperture |
| US7390097B2 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2008-06-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multiple channel illumination system |
| KR100834415B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-12 | 2008-06-04 | 한국과학기술원 | 마이크로렌즈를 이용한 디스플레이 장치 |
| US20090051884A1 (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-02-26 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Projection apparatus |
| JP5553707B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-21 | 2014-07-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 光検出装置 |
| TWI523240B (zh) * | 2009-08-24 | 2016-02-21 | 半導體能源研究所股份有限公司 | 光檢測器和顯示裝置 |
| CN102859425A (zh) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-02 | 夏普株式会社 | 背光源系统和使用其的液晶显示装置 |
| US9042021B2 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2015-05-26 | Pioneer Corporation | Optical element, head-up display and light source unit |
| WO2013122170A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | シャープ株式会社 | マルチディスプレイ装置及び表示モジュール |
| KR20220031679A (ko) | 2019-07-12 | 2022-03-11 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 기능 패널, 표시 장치, 입출력 장치, 정보 처리 장치 |
| WO2021069999A1 (ja) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-15 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 機能パネル、表示装置、入出力装置、情報処理装置 |
| CN112815272B (zh) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-10-10 | 深圳市绎立锐光科技开发有限公司 | 光源系统和发光设备 |
| JP7424246B2 (ja) * | 2020-08-19 | 2024-01-30 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 光源装置、画像表示装置、およびプロジェクター |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH069229B2 (ja) * | 1984-09-06 | 1994-02-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | 固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
| JPH03248125A (ja) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-11-06 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示素子 |
| US5512623A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1996-04-30 | The Gillette Company | Permanent aqueous marker inks |
| JP2643755B2 (ja) * | 1993-02-26 | 1997-08-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液晶ディスプレイ |
| JP3431033B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-29 | 2003-07-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体作製方法 |
| TW264575B (enExample) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-12-01 | Handotai Energy Kenkyusho Kk | |
| JP2759415B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-05 | 1998-05-28 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| TW299897U (en) * | 1993-11-05 | 1997-03-01 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | A semiconductor integrated circuit |
| JP2942129B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-24 | 1999-08-30 | シャープ株式会社 | 投影型カラー液晶表示装置 |
| JP3464287B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-05 | 2003-11-05 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置の作製方法 |
| JPH10512377A (ja) * | 1995-11-02 | 1998-11-24 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | 画像表示装置 |
| JPH09284684A (ja) * | 1996-04-17 | 1997-10-31 | Hitachi Ltd | 単板式カラー液晶ディスプレイ装置 |
| US5990992A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-11-23 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Image display device with plural planar microlens arrays |
-
1997
- 1997-12-17 JP JP36399297A patent/JP3779052B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-12-09 TW TW087120460A patent/TW565717B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-09 TW TW090100770A patent/TWI249050B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-15 US US09/210,777 patent/US6144426A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022127544A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | 深圳光峰科技股份有限公司 | 一种光调制器与投影显示系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6144426A (en) | 2000-11-07 |
| JP3779052B2 (ja) | 2006-05-24 |
| JPH11183867A (ja) | 1999-07-09 |
| TWI249050B (en) | 2006-02-11 |
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