TW510132B - Linear signal separation using polarization diversity - Google Patents
Linear signal separation using polarization diversity Download PDFInfo
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- TW510132B TW510132B TW090102232A TW90102232A TW510132B TW 510132 B TW510132 B TW 510132B TW 090102232 A TW090102232 A TW 090102232A TW 90102232 A TW90102232 A TW 90102232A TW 510132 B TW510132 B TW 510132B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0845—Weighted combining per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0891—Space-time diversity
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Noise Elimination (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Description
510132
f $明概有關於通信系統,並且特別是是導向於新式與 分集基礎式信號處理機制,藉此將由多重來源 ίίϊ!平坦衰退之環境下所傳$,以及在大致上係共同 一 ^二“、、線通#基地台之分集極化天線處而接收的信號進 無線通信服務持續性成長 技術方面希可提高其有限細 多糸統裡’頻譜可用性已達 的頻率範圍;因此之故,為 更多的使用者分享既有頻率 複雜信號處理法則,以於接 號。 既已產生對於信號使用及處理 胞式頻譜之容量的需求。在許 其飽和點,從而無法取得更多 得各涵未來的成長,就必須與 。而這又會意味著需要更多的 收器處(如基地台)分離出信 目:採用各種干擾迴避法則以分離出分享著相同頻率的 ί!ί用者。某些方法’像是劃時與劃碼技術,會要求諸 ^:ΐ:的協調與共同作業。然❿,並非所有的方法都要 ^ 合作,某些會仰賴於接收器端的強化式信號處 理。例如,採用天線元件陣列的先進式或「智藝型 分離技術,即足可藉由控制天線輻射模型的 「= 傳送“同角度位置的各個使用者,按此提高使用 嘗谷置〇 如圖1之複雜度既經簡化的無線式系統圖所示,這些系 地台11處採用了天線陣列的射束-構型功能,二提 =於^足之使用者13該方向上的主天線射束12天線增益, 而郃在相同時間裡選擇性地降低於干擾性信號丨5的方向上
第6頁 510132 五、發明說明(2) 之邊瓣f束?天線增益。對於大多數的應用而t,增強所 ,二:信號”制干擾者,這可讓智慧型天線在允承更 夕使用者旱相同的頻率或頻道方面碟屬極為有效。 故賴於像是射束-構型的方向性資訊, 下),其中所欲信號與竿Λ(Γ如高使用者密度的情況 相同(或-般為共線性Γ的方或^個干擾信號係源自於大致 分別地圖示為13與16者。^或㈣角度,即如圖2中的 採取複雜的頻譜管理法則y ,迫種同線干擾,即有必要 統無可避免地變得昂貴。而5亥者會讓最後產生的天線系 其一建議之射束構型法、 器會仰賴於各個使用者、化方法,為讓該基地台接收 有-項優點,€就是這可2多重路㈣異。這種方法具 使用者間的共同作業。/曰、/、他方法合用,而並不要求諸 (如時間、角度、數碼。=仰賴於諸使用者間的傳送差異 使用者所觀視到的不同僂二f路徑處理方式是依賴於各個 陷,為彼所根據者係 ^境。而這種方式的基本缺 確屬極為複雜。.、、” #取小化作業,而此項於實作上
對於許多的細皰式播M 現多重路徑抵達基地台係位於塔架±,因 之物體上。由於這此:射;要是反射到靠近該行動傳送号 擴展於諸多抵入信;=予了幾乎相同的路徑延遲,故 。當出現時,多或將低於樣本時 %兄。 %境可視作大致為平坦的衰退 1 五、發明說明(3) :據本發明,可藉由利用進 方向,而成功地解氺1& σ唬的特被而不疋其抵達 地說,本發明之=t述大致為共線性的干擾問題。詳細 多重路徑差里係離法則根據於多重路徑差異,而該 基地台天線的相同或大致為相同方❺,經過該 集特徵的(基= : = = 境下。 Ύ θ 現在大致平坦衰退環 本發明可利用到經由採取複數個 百不冋(如相互正交)的 :被2置猎以降低硬體複雜度的天;: 不施加時間離散的環境 ,發明的極化分集基礎式分離法則可 k供f為間易的共線性信號之分離技術。而這又 ^天線系統免於複雜的頻譜管理技術來運作。 g… 即^既存之多重路徑處理法則,本發明可與多重近接 31 (如剷時或是劃碼型式)併同應用,並可實作出苴他作號 射束構型。本發明信號分離;法:無: 用者共同作業,而是仰賴於各個使用者之 間的%扰差異性,以於個別地分集之特徵天線元件其一 士,^調某-二用者而突顯於諸多其他使用者,以及強調 八他使用者而犬顯於位在其他天線元件處者。 本發明雖可與按某-預定距離空間所分隔之天線元件而 應用’然彼者主要是適用於大致上屬共同位置而被設計為 接收不同極化方式(相對為正交,即垂直與水平)信號之天
510132 五、發明說明(4) 線元件的情況,並藉此減低接收器天線的尺寸。除此之 外,=同於其他的多重路徑方法,本發明採用線性信號處 理,攻可減少需要用來將兩個或將相互干擾之信號予以 離的複雜度。 f較佳而非屬限制性之具體實施例巾,本發明的極化分 集基,式信號分離接收器架構包含四個信號處理單元:_ RF I行轉換器、一信號分離器、一係數模擬器以及一頻道 器。該RF下行轉換器可對信號分離器提供信號波形 广離散時間樣本,@由某一或多個天線元件組對所接 丄且分別具有不同的敏感度特徵。即如前文所點示, 侷限性之較佳具體實施例,.各個組對的該天線元件通 吊疋配設於共同位置,且彼此相互正交。 由正交極化之天線元件所接收到的信號會被下行轉換 =,再經低通渡波器過濾、以移除殘遺邊帶影像並限制住 7 經過濾之基頻信號會被數位化然後被麵送至传费八 Π的各個輸入端,在此會對該基頻、離散時間樣 極化接收信號,按可控制方式進行加權與合併, 精以估鼻出哪個信號是由何使用者所發出。 =信號分離器對言亥「垂直極化」天線所接收的各個 5卜ίί 乘上由係數計#器所提供#第一與第二垂直極 η。這也會對「水平極化」天線所接收的各個信 數:二^係數計算器所提供的第一與第二水平極 仏山二二乘積會按組對方式加總,以產生經加權與合併之 輸出枱號,而輸出作為有關於各個第一與第二使用者之第 第9頁
一和第二分離信號。 為產生兩組垂直盥, 以接收-組來自於頻=化隸,可減該係數計算器 限於任何特定機制以;;::器的頻道衰退係數。然並未受 術亦可採用嵌入於各:出该頻,哀退係數,砟限制性技 該垂直與水平信號輪 2者傳运突波之内的演訓數列。 算法,利用該尖峰峰值。可藉由標準信號處理演 資料的調適性方法::::另*,亦得採用根據於接收 =數計算器可藉由係數矩陣算出該所 未的極化係數’而在無雜訊的情況下,可讓該 ::5 3出等於該使用者的資訊信號。該信號分離器=二一益 2分離作業時所應滿足的條件A,假使該衰退係= 階者:則-組四個具有四個未知項的線性方程二 ’:疋出彼等之解值。當可加性雜訊的統計描述 ‘ ° ^ ’則可略加修改對於係數的要求,&為㈣ = 諸信號估算值的均方誤差最小化。 τ π益將 而利用一對正交極化天線元件的替代方式是,可 組天線,各者含有一對的互—極化元件(水平與垂直)。夕 廷,互_極化天線對組而得之輸入,可為信號分離器的經 加權與合併之上行鏈串,藉此而將兩項施加於其輪入機二 的信號予以最佳化。 本發明現將藉由範例,並參酌於隨附圖示而加說明,其
第10頁 510132 五、發明說明(6) 中: 固1為無線式天線系統之冗複簡化圖,顯示出基地台天 線陣列的射束構型功能,以提昇朝向所欲使用者之主射束 的天線增盈’而同時減少朝向干擾者的邊瓣射束增益; 一,I為如圖1之無線式天線系統,其中某所欲信號以及某 一或多個干擾信號係沿著大致為共線性的方向而抵達; 圖3為略圖表示各個垂直與水平極化接收信號rv ( n )和 rh (η )的離散時間模型; 圖4為根據本發明,極化基礎式信號分離接收器架構的 非限制性具體實施例之略圖表示; 圖5為如圖4接收器架構之信號分離器42的放大圖; 圖t為略圖表示多組天線應用方式,各者具有一對互一極 化之元件以提供信號輸入給如圖4的信號分離器架構;以 及 圖^為略圖表示如圖4之具體實施例修飾結果,在此Rake 接收器係安裝於該信號分離器的上行鏈串内。 ,於洋述本發明極化分集基礎式信號分離作業機制的架構 ^運作内容前,應可觀察到本發明係主要嵌駐於傳統性通 #硬f 7L件,與伴隨監督性通信微處理器電路及其應用軟 體^,控制該等元件之運作狀況的排置方式。在實際的具 f =施範例中,為促允其併同作業於無線式基地台的通信 設施内’本款排置方式可即組態設定成載置有「場域可程 f化閉器陣列(FPGA)」或是「應用特定積體電路(ASIC)」 且片組。就以實際硬體實作而言,數位ASIC可為較適。 B曰
五、發明說明(7) 因此,該 通信設備的 易明悉之區 明之特定細 而彼些細節 項目的專業 係針對给釋 主要諸元, 為促使了 性,首先可 大致為平坦 形方式敘述 離散時間模 和(2): rv (n ) = ( rJnWP! 其中: 等元件之 方式,就 塊圖示表 節,以避 係對於熟 人士所詳 按傳統式 而由此本 解本發明 檢視傳觸 之衰退情 垂直與水 型,彼等 組態以及 以大部分 述說明, 免因諸項 捻該項得 知者。如 功能性群 發明可為 極化分集 於基地台 況的諸項 平極化接 可按數學 介接於 而言, 該等圖 細節而 由本發 此,附 組劃分 更加明 基礎式 端多重 信號性 收信號 形式表 某無線通信基地台之 既已於諸圖繪中按顯 示中僅顯示屬於本發 誤模糊本揭示焦點, 明教示而受益之技藝 圖中的區塊圖說明主 ,該信號分離系統之 瞭易懂。 信號分離作業的功能 天線,而出現平坦或 質。為此,圖3以圖 rv (η)和rh ( η )各個的 示成下列方程式(1 ) )aiv(n)si(n) + (P2)1/2a2v(n)s2(n) + zv(n) (!) )aih (n) s! (η ) + ( ρ2 )ι/2 (n) & (n ) + ( n) ( 2 ) rv(n)=垂直極化天線所接收到的信號 rh(n)=水平極化天線所接收到的信號 P!、P2 =由使用者1和使用者2所傳來的信號功率 alv、〜ν=由垂直極化天線所觀察到的使用者!和使用者2 衰退 alh、& =由水平極化天線所觀察到的使用者!和使用者2 衰退
五 發明說明(8) 1(Π) 82(Π) =使用去孑庇 ζ/γ、Zh(n)=垂直與1水平接彳^哭的信號資訊 該衰退係數alv、% 、a 、 裔的可加性雜訊 送天線指向所造成“ 括了任何因使用者的傳 路徑哀退問題,但是該使用 ,如果使用者2沒有多重 送功率實為按垂直極化電波以有:,指向方式係半數的傳 極化電波以有效投射,則 放投射,而半數為按水平 a2v(n) = a2h(n) = (i/2)i/2。 根據本發明,一種極化分 的非限制性具體實施例, 广式#唬分離接收器架構 施併合作業,可如後附圖4所了與去無線式基地台的通信設 性“:卜RF下行轉換器41 丁 ,乂皮内^有四個功能 擬器43以及4-頻道估曾秀以 仑唬刀離益42、3-係數模 該R”行轉換器41;Γ為對;ΐ;於ί文:依!詳述。 的基頻、離散時間樣本,而兮公:Τ态)2提供化號波形 限制性而為較適之且體者f j件51、52所接收。根據非 阶-Λ &例’該天線元件51、52通常是 =同/置,且分別具有不同的極化方式(如相互正 51,ΓΓλΓ,; 平(h)極'彳卜壬始直(V)極化天線,而天線元件52茲稱其為水 十C h)極化天線。 ^各個天線兀件51、5 2所收到的信號會分別被各自的混 二器53 54按適當的載波頻率所相乘,藉以將所接收到的 信號之RF頻率轉譯(下行轉換)成為基頻。這些基頻信號接 510132 五、發明說明(9) ,再由低通渡波器5 5、5 6所過濾、,以移除殘殘遺邊帶影像 ,限制住其頻寬。經過濾之基頻信號會於類比轉數位轉換 器(ADC) 57、58加以取樣及量化,而於此所產生之數位化 信號會被搞送至該信號分離器42的個別輸入端61、62。 該信號分離器42加權且合併該垂直與水平極化接收作號 的基頻樣本’以估算出哪些信號是由使用者丨所發出,哪^ 些信號又是由使用者2所發出。為此,即如 ,器42放大圖所示,施加於第一輸入機阜61之接收垂刀直 極化」信號成分!^ (n ),會被耦送至第一乘法器6 3,咳者 ^對信號成分Γν(η)乘上一個由係數計算器43^斤產出的^第 垂直極化係數gvi (η),同時也會被耦送至第二乘法器 6產5出Ξ Ϊ會Ϊ ΐ號成分Γ V (η )乘上一個由絲計算器4 S所 分離:42; ί Γ^ν2(η)。類似地’施加於該信號 刀離益42第一輸入機阜62之接收「水平極化」信 rh(n),會被耦送至第三乘法器64,該者會對俨^八 ΐη)Λ上一個由係數計算器43所產出的第-極:係 gh丨(r〇,且耦达至第四乘法器μ ,該 rh (η )乘上一個由係數士+瞀哭4 q % *山 丁 ^號成刀 I μ 數5十异裔43所產出的第二水平極化俜 數gh2(n)。該極化係數(η) Γ )、 卞往化你 時間而變。由乘法写6<^ fiR鉼:2斗 ghl(n)和Sh2(n)會隨 加納U =1 的乘積會於加法器67内 二並^第厂輸出機阜71處提供作為相關於使 第 为離#號ζι(η)。而由乘1 於加半哭以姑宋和65所產生的乘積會 、力法态68内加總,並於第二輸出機、 於使用者2的第二分離信號三(η)。 4供作為相關
510132
五、發明說明(ίο) 又吏用者!的傳送信號估算值可由下列方程式(3 )算出: έ 1 (n ) = gvl (n ) rv (n ) +ghl rh ( n ) ( 3 ) ,方程式(1)和(2)帶進入程式(3)即可得到下式(4): Si(n) = gvl(n)[(Pl)-^lv(n)Si(n) + (p2)1/2a2v(n)s2(n)^ ghl (n) [ (Pl )1/2aih(n)si (n) + (P2)1/2a2h(n)s2(n)] (4) :即對使用者2的信號估算值導出類似的表示式。 為要產生由該信號分離器42所使用的極化係數&(η)、 心2 n)、ghl(n)和—(η),可耦接該係數計算器“以接收一 組由頻道估算器44所產生的頻道衰退係數、(η)、a2v(n)、 〜(η)和、(η)。(該係數計算器43所採行以由頻道衰退係 J =產生出極化係數gvl (n)、gv2(n)、& (n)和^(1〇之作、 號處理機制,將於後文内詳述)。本發明並未受限於任何 特定機制以求出頻道衰退係數斗(11)、^(1〇、^(1〇和 U) ’ 一非限制性範例自可利用含納於各個使用 突波之内的嵌入式演訓數列。 & 即如一非限制性範例,該垂直與水平信號輸入^ (n)和 rh (n)可被關聯至兩個使用者的演訓數列(彼等皆為已 知)’以產生一組相關尖峰值。彼些頻道衰退係數^、 a2v(n)、alh(n)和&(η)的估算值可即利用採行相關^峰值 與已知諸演訓模型間的互-相關性之標準處理演算法所導 出。而按另種法則,亦得採用根據於接收資料或是根 統計性質的盲試方法之調適性方法。 ; 給定這些頻道衰退估算值,該係數計算器4 3可計皙山》 #就分離器42所要求之一組四個極化係數gvl ( η)、gv2 ( 、
第15頁 510132 五、發明說明(π) ghl (η )和gh2 ( η ),俾供對彼些接收信號予以加權。可將方程 式(3 )改寫成方程式(5 )即得明瞭係數計算器4 3的運算方 式: 爾I、· \slin)\ \gvlin) ghiin)\\rvin)\ \g^(n) ghj(n)\\2v(ti)\ [32ln)\"[gVv2{n) g^(n) JLr^ln) J + Lg^ (n) gh2(n) \izjn) \ ¾ ^(η)ΙΙ5ι(π)Ι ig^(n) gw(n)li^(n)l = ί^(Λ) g^(li)JKh(n) a2A(n)H(n)J+L^(i7) σΛ5(^)Η(π)] 由方程式(5),即可定義出下列矩陣及向量 5(Λ) V (n) lg-(n) ghi{n)l
gA2(n)J
Ι\(η)Ι 5(n) =k(n)J
(η)I
5(n) =U2(n)J
第16頁 510132 五、發明說明(12) 利用這些矩陣定義方程式(5 )可被改寫為簡式’即如方 程式(6 )者: 5(n)=G(n)A(n)s(n) + G(n)z(n) (6) 該係數計算器4 3可計算出矩陣G (η ),無雜訊的情形下, 該信號分離器42的輸出會等於使用者的資訊信號。在數學 上’無雜訊意味著對於所有的η值,。當下 列方程式(7)與(8)滿足時,該係數計算器43的輸出會等於 使用者的資訊信號: 5 i=si(n) (7) ^2 = s2(n) (8) 當G (η )為A (η)的反矩陣時,可滿足這項要求,即 G(n) = AM (η),或是 G(n) A(n) Μ (9) 。^方程式(9 )可觀察到,對於完美信號分離作業,該信 號分離器42必須要滿足的條件是一組具有四個未知數的四 ,線性^程式之方程組。方程式(9)會總是具有一個解, ^ ΐ該衰退係數矩·Α(η)為完整階數。換言之,該係數計 二=43利用頻道估算器44所獲得的數值來構成該矩陣 η ,並接著解出該線性方程式(9 )。 亦::5 圖4、5所繪示之本發明的非限制性範例外, π ^二/ ζ、他的信號分離系統實作及變化方式。例如,不 才木如圖4的數位太+ & 一 μ , . J 个 砂、盈控制元件)以及RF加法器(合併器),來
510132 五、發明說明(13) 實作出法器63、64、65、66以及兩個加法器67、 68。這種^會不需要類比轉數位轉換器,並亦可根據硬 體及;而定,移除掉頻率轉換成基頻與後績 之過濾作業的要求。 即^前述从該係數計算器43可經組態設定以計算出在無 雜Μ情況下的矩陣G(n)。當可加性雜 用時,即可對方程?(9)中所實列的係數要求十加;^屬 ?該係Ϊ二:,5(η)Λ5(η)間的均方誤差最小化。換 Εί I “r〇-s(n) |2}為最小化,並讓,、 解為標準最小均方誤差且係屬直觀性^ ^汛項。G 11的 雖然如圖4之架構僅示出兩個天 可以採取多組天線方式,各者具有件51 ,、不過也 应垂直),即如ISIfttbAAOl to f互極化成分(水平 ”至^即如圖6中的81與“所示者。 線70件:集合而來的輸入會被加權:。 上行鏈串’藉此將兩項施加於其輸 離窃42 佳化。 ⑴八機阜61和62的信號最 當頻道因多重路徑而受到頻 自於不同使用者的信號且 、擇14农退所影響,且來 過相貫性地合併所顴二2、 _又 ''相關性質時,即可透 σ 1开所硯察到的多重路庐 退轉換成大致平坦 _二將該頻率選擇性衰 對該信號分離器^的二f返。14種相貫性合併作業,可 本七明仏说分離機制能夠藉由利用進 第18頁 五、發明說明(14) 入仏號特徵,而非其抵達方向, 統基地台所遭遇到的共線性干擾 、^無線式通信^
發明係採用透過具有不同極化方式:丄:: :";詳述者,J 致的分集。當配用於具有大致= ; = ^ pa L T 一哀退的壞境下時,本 二技衔式分離法則,確可提供-種極為簡易 :=分:出共線性的諸多錢。就像現有的多重路徑 J =則’本發明可併同應用於多重路徑近接波型(如劃 夺或s彳碼),並可實作出其他的信號分 陣列基礎式「智慧型」射束-構型法則。耳、万击像疋 這種智慧型、陣列基礎式射束選擇性系統的非限制性範 例包括了如共同申辦之美國專利申請案,案號 09/0 9 1,287,建檔於1 9 9 8年5月18日,其標題"為 「Selective Modification 〇f Antenna Directivity Pattern to Adaptively Cancel Co-Channel
Interference in TDMA Communication System」,作者 為Κ· Halford等人,以及美國專利申請案,案號 09/08 1,460,建檔於1 99 8年5月19日,其標題為 「Bootstrapped, Piecewise-Asymptotic Directivity
Pattern Control Mechanism Setting Weighting Coefficients of Phased Array Antenna」,作者為p· Martin等人,上述二案皆已指定予本申請案所有人,且彼 等揭不内容亦併合於此。 在此雖既已根據本發明陳述並說明諸項具體實施例,然 應知悉並未受限於彼些範例,而是亦含及由熟捡於本項技 510132 五、發明說明(15) '^-- 藝之人士所實作之諸多變化與修飾結果,同時亦並無音願 框界於前文所述之各項細節,而是為涵蓋所有按專^ 士 顯而易知之諸項變化及修飾結果。 一 一種信號分離器,可藉由利用進入信號之平坦衰退多重 路徑特徵,來克服無線式通信系統基地台所遭遇到的共線 性干擾。為此,本發明係利用透過具有不同極化方式^天 線=列元件而獲得的分集結果。一RF下行轉換器可^供一 種仡,分離器,具波形數位之基頻、離散時間信號樣本, 而於單一或多個分集極化天線元件組對處進行接收。該信 號分離器可將由該RF下行轉換器所產生而來自於垂直與^ 平極化接收信號之諸基頻信號予以加權及合併,藉以^算 出哪些信號是由何些使用者所發出。該信號分離^會利G 由係數計算器所產生的極化係數。為產生該極化係數,該 係數計算器會被耦接以接收一組來自於頻道估算器的頻道 衰退係數。可利用標準式信號處理演算法,藉由尖峰值與 諸演訓模型之間已知的互相關性,來導出頻道衰退係數的 估算值。該係數計算器可藉由係數矩陣來 離器所要求的極化係數,而使得該信號分 於使用者的資訊信號。
第20頁 510132 圖式簡單說明
第21頁
Claims (1)
- 510132 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種將接收自所要之使用者的信號從干擾者分離出來 的方法,該方法適用於無線通信系統中,其中由一所要之 ,用者以及由某一或多個潛在干擾者而來的傳送作業,將 沿大致為共同方向經基地台之天線輻射模型共同波瓣,而 觸抵於該基地台接收器,包含下列步驟: 今餅(:)利用至少兩個分集特徵天線元件,來接收來自於 違所要之使用者以及該干擾者的信號;及 、 於該至少兩個*集特徵天、線元件所接收之信 二丁性信號處理,以辨識出所收到分別來自於兮 所要之使用者和該干擾者的信號。 於該 2 ·如申凊專利範圍第丨項之方法,其 由至少兩個各自且右不π朽仆古斗从 Μ 乂驟(3)包含藉 自於該所要之使用者和該干擾者的信號。#以接收來 3:如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,丨中該 用含納於由該所单夕蚀田本 乂驟(b)匕含利 衹,對該至少兩個分集極化天線元件 内之資 性信號處理。 接收之號執行線 4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法, 所欲使用者和該干擾者傳來 内之中^亥項含納於由該 列信號。 唬内之資訊,包括演訓數 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方 加權並選擇性地利用算八中该步驟(b)包含 來合併該接收信號,而操;出的極化係“ 干擾者傳來的信號。 估"'由该所要之使用者和讀 第22頁 六、申請專利範圍 6·如申請專利範圍第5 據該演訓數列信號來估算出法」其中該步驟(b) 7.如申請專利範圍第i二頻\农退係數。 由各個諸多組對之分 、之方法,其中該步驟(a) 要之使用者和該干擾者的ίί線=以接收來自 處理前先行加權且加總。5唬而该輸出會於步驟 8·如申請專利範圍第1項 由各個分別耦接至分隼朽;f方去,其中該步驟(a) 收來自於該所要之;=匕天線元件的㈣接收器 9. -種用和該干擾者的信號。 出來的配置,,配置镝田要使用者的信號從干擾 餅母—从 配置適用於無線式通信系统中,复 業,將沿大致為丘同L或多個潛在干擾者而來的 瓣,而觸抵於該基地台接收器,包含: ^ 夕個大致處於共同位置線 化方式;以及 m深兀*刀別具有 /旒分離器,耦接於該大致處於共同位置之 ,:,可運作以線性方式,根據來自於該所要之 c傳送信號之大致為平坦衰退多重路徑特 W天線兀件的輸出,藉以辨識分 者和該干擾者的信號。 亥所要 、1 0 ·如申请專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該信號分 運作以利用相關於該所要之使用者和該干擾者之多 的姑算頻道衰退係數所導得之極化係數,來對該天 包含根 包含藉 於該所 (b)中 包含藉 ’而接 者分離 中由一 傳送作 共同波 不同極 天線元 用者和 徵,處 之使用 離器w第23頁 510132 六、申請專利範圍 所接收到的信號執行線性信號處理,藉以辨識出分別來自 於該所要之使用者和該干擾者的信號。 11. 一種用以將接收自所要之使用者的信號從干择者八 離出來之配置,該配置適用於無線通信系統的接收^ 中由一所要之使用者以及由某一或多個潛在干擾者;^ 傳送作業’將沿大致為共同方向經基地台之天線輕射模 共同波瓣,而觸抵於該基地台接收器,包含· 、 多個大致處於共同位置之天線元件,: 化方式;以及 τ π別具有不同極 一線性信號處理器,耦接於該天線元件, 利用相關於該所要之使用者和該干擾者之攸可運作以 頻道衰退係數所導得之極化係數,來對該天路2的估算 到的信號執行線性信號處理,、藉以辨識出分別:所接收 要之使用者和該干擾者的各個信號。 自於該所 1 2 ·如申晴專利範圍第丨丨項之接收器,1 係數係根據含納於自該所要之使用者μ、中遠頻道衰退 的信號内之資訊而定。 擾者所接收到 1 3·如申請專利範圍第i i項之接收器,人 所要之使用者和該干悍 ^中3納於自該 括了有演訓數列=所接到的信號内之資訊裡,包 飧如二請專利範圍第11項之接收器,a中兮綠从 :極::f加權並選擇性地利用估算頻道衰退V*信號 之使用去4 ΐ 13 接收信號’而可運作以估皙士二 之使用者和該干擾者傳來的信號。 估…所要第24頁 510132 六、申請專利範圍 1 5·如申請專利範圍_第11項之接收器,其中該多個大致 處於共同位置之天線元件,包含諸多對之分集極化天線元 件,而彼些之輸出會於該線性信號處理器處理之前先行加 權且加總。 1 6·如申請專利範圍第11項之接收器,其中該線性作號 處理器包含一 RF下行轉換器,可運作將信號波形之基頻' 離散時間樣本輸出給信號分離器,而該信號波形則係由單 一或多個分集極化天線元件對所接收,該信號分離器可運 作以加權並選擇性地利用係數模擬器所提供之估算頻道衰 退係數而導出的極化係數來合併該接收信號,藉以辨識出 所收到分別來自於該所要之使用.者和該干擾者^作號: 17·如申請專利範圍第16項之接收器,其中該極^系數 產生器可運作以根據該頻道衰退係數來產生該極化係數。 1 8·如申請專利範圍第丨7項之接收器,其中該頻道估瞀 器J運作以根據自該所要之使用者和該 ^ 訓數列信號,來產生該頻道衰退係數。 收的决 接如收申^專利範圍第17項之接收器,其中含有個別的 線元二彼經輕接至諸大致處於共同位置之天 4線性k號處理器間。第25頁
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DE60110039T2 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
EP1252728B1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
AU3659301A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
WO2001058049A2 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
EP1252728A2 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
CA2397131C (en) | 2007-03-13 |
JP2003522465A (ja) | 2003-07-22 |
AU764605B2 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
DE60110039D1 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
CA2397131A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
WO2001058049A3 (en) | 2002-04-04 |
ATE293312T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
US6754511B1 (en) | 2004-06-22 |
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