TW505771B - Compression system for cryogenic refrigeration with multicomponent refrigerant - Google Patents
Compression system for cryogenic refrigeration with multicomponent refrigerant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW505771B TW505771B TW090114825A TW90114825A TW505771B TW 505771 B TW505771 B TW 505771B TW 090114825 A TW090114825 A TW 090114825A TW 90114825 A TW90114825 A TW 90114825A TW 505771 B TW505771 B TW 505771B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- refrigerant
- component refrigerant
- compressor
- refrigeration
- Prior art date
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 fluoroethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010726 refrigerant oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- PGISRKZDCUNMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)butane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PGISRKZDCUNMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RIQRGMUSBYGDBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSRRYOGYBQJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BSRRYOGYBQJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVSXSBBVEDNGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F NVSXSBBVEDNGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(Cl)Cl BAMUEXIPKSRTBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXNJCNDIKQTGRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(F)(F)F.Cl.Cl Chemical compound CC(F)(F)F.Cl.Cl AXNJCNDIKQTGRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTDPUKYNDUDZBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.FC(F)C(F)(F)F Chemical compound N.FC(F)C(F)(F)F LTDPUKYNDUDZBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100219264 Petunia hybrida C4H2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004624 perflexane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BPHQIXJDBIHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorodecane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BPHQIXJDBIHMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorohexane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ZJIJAJXFLBMLCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004065 perflutren Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/02—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat for separating lubricants from the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/132—Components containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/16—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/18—Ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/02—Well-defined aliphatic compounds
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Description
505771 五、發明說明(1 ) 發明之領域 本發明一般上係關於一種冷凍之提供,並且更特別的, 是關於在極低溫度冷凍之提供。 先前技術說明 在典型的冷凍系統中,如R-12,R-134a或其他氟里昂 系之冷媒的冷凍劑流體被壓縮,膨脹而產生冷凍效應,然 後被加溫因而使冷凍從冷凍劑傳到冷凍接受者。然後被加 溫之冷凍劑回到壓縮機,並且冷凍循環被重覆進行。 使用在冷凍循環中的壓縮機一般爲油潤滑式,並且某些 油隨著被壓縮之冷凍劑而離開壓縮機。一般在實際應用上 使用可高度溶解於冷凍劑中如聚α -烯烴基之潤滑油時, 會有良好的運·轉。依此方式,離開壓縮機的所有潤滑油實 際上會隨著被循環之加溫冷凍劑而回到壓縮機。若有離開 壓縮機的大量潤滑油留在冷凍迴路中而無法回到壓縮機時 ,壓縮機中之潤滑油不足會造成壓縮機效率降低,甚至導 致壓縮機故障。 低溫或極低溫冷凍變成越來越重要,例如應用在能源產 生,能源傳遞及電子方面。任何冷凍系統之改進可而提供 或產生在極低溫度下之冷凍者,均受到非常重視。 從而,本發明之目的在提供改進之冷凍系統,用來提供 或產生在極低溫度下之冷凍。 發明之扼要說明 上述及其他目的可由本發明所達成,熟於此技術者在閱
505771 五、發明說明(2) 讀本文後當可明瞭,本發明之一個方面爲: 一種提供冷凍的方法,其中冷媒流體被壓縮,膨脹而產 生冷凍,並且然後被加溫以提供冷凍到接受者中,其特徵 爲:改進包括有: (A )使用一種多成分冷凍劑做爲冷媒流體; (B )多成分冷凍劑在利用以聚α -烯烴油爲主之潤滑的 壓縮機中被壓縮; (C)提供溫度低於220Κ之冷凍。 本發明之另一個方面爲: 一種提供冷凍之裝置,包括: (A ) —個以油潤滑之壓縮機,一個油分離系統,使多 成分冷凍劑從壓縮機通到油分離系統之裝置,以 及使潤滑油從油分離系統通到壓縮機之裝置; (B ) —個膨脹裝置,一個熱交換器,使多成分冷凍劑 從油分離系統通到膨脹裝置,從膨脹裝置到熱交 換器,並且從熱交換器到壓縮機之裝置; (C )用來裝設冷凍接受者到熱交換器之裝置,使冷凍 可從多成分冷凍劑被提供到冷凍接受者。 在此所用之術語「間接熱交換」,意爲使兩種流體在沒 有任何實質接觸或彼此混合之情況下而進行之熱交換關係 〇 在此所用之術語「膨脹」,意即壓力降低之效應。 在此所用之術語「可變負荷冷凍劑」意即多成分冷凍劑
505771 五、發明說明(3) ’即二或多種成分之混合物,其比例爲使這些成分之液態 ’可在混合物之沸點溫度及露點溫度之間進行連續且增加 之溫度變化。混合物之沸點溫度爲在已知壓力下混合物均 爲液態,但是再加入熱量時,會形成氣態且與液態平衡時 之溫度。混合物之露點溫度爲在已知壓力下混合物均爲氣 態,但是再抽出熱量時,會形成液態且與氣態平衡時之溫 度。因而沸點溫度及露點溫度之間的溫度區域爲,液態與 氣態共存而且平衡時之區域。在本發明之應用中,多成分 冷凍劑流體之沸點溫度及露點溫度之間的溫度差一般至少 爲10°C,較佳爲20°C,最好爲至少50°C。 在此所用之術語「大氣氣體」爲下列之一種:氮氣、氬 氣、氪氣、氙氣、氖氣、二氧化碳、一氧化二氮、氧氣、 及氦氣。 在此所用之術語「壓縮機」意即可增加氣體壓力的裝置 〇 在此所用之術語「被潤滑」意即,一種裝置的特徵’其 中一種可降低摩擦、熱及磨損之物質被導入做爲裝置之固 體表面之間的薄膜層。 在此所用之術語「聚α -烯烴」意即具有六個或更多個 碳原子之線性α -烯烴。 在此所用之術語「以聚α -烯烴爲主之油」意即在一種 基塊中使用一或多個烯烴族之油的公式。 在此所用之術語「m i s c i b 1 e (可溶解的)」意即’若是關 505771 五、發明說明(4) 於氣態與液態之相互作用時爲s ο 1 u b 1 e (可溶解的),若是 關於兩種液態之相互作用時爲m i s c i b 1 e (可溶解的)。 在此所用之術語「mi scibi 1 i ty(溶解度)」意即,若是 關於氣態與液態之相互作用時爲s ο 1 ub i 1 i t y (溶解度),若 是關於兩種液態之相互作用時爲m i s c i b i 1 i t y (溶解度)。 附圖之簡單說明 本發明第1圖 爲本發明一個可被應用之較佳裝置的簡 化示意圖。 本發明較佳實施例之詳細說明 一般上,本發明包括有使用一種多成分冷凍劑用來在極 低溫,即在少於220K之溫度下產生冷凍,以及使用被聚 α -烯烴基油所潤滑之壓縮機來壓縮此冷凍劑。此油對冷 凍劑有極低的溶解度,故基本上所有隨著被壓縮之冷凍劑 離開壓縮機之潤滑油,可在進入冷凍循環之極低溫段之前 ,很容易地從冷凍劑中分離。依照此方式,通常若潤滑油 與冷凍劑混合之狀態下,在冷凍循環中極易產生之潤滑油 的凍結可被避免。從極低溫段上游之多成分冷凍劑中分離 的潤滑油,會與冷凍劑分離地回到壓縮機中。 潤滑油與冷凍劑的有限溶解度(低的液態溶解度通常對 應到低的液態與氣態之間的溶解度)亦可促進螺旋式壓縮 機較高之性能,因爲冷凍劑在潤滑油中的有限溶解度會消 除冷凍劑從吐出到吸入之旁通。除此之外,冷凍劑隨著油 經由迴路之旁通會被減少或消除。最好在熱交換器中亦沒
505771 五、 發明說明 ( 5 ) 有 油 , 則 熱 傳 遞 特 性不會隨時間而劣化。基本上有兩種機 制 可 使 油 被 帶 動: (1 )以小霧滴方式,及(2 )由於其蒸氣 壓 力 而 做 爲 一 種 蒸 氣。較佳之潤滑劑幾乎沒有蒸氣壓力, 因 而在冷 凍 劑 蒸 氣 中沒有大量的潤滑劑。較佳之潤滑劑有 很 局 的 純 度 即 有 很小量、很少種之不純物。 本 發 明 將 參 照 附 圖而更詳細說明之。參照附圖,多成分 冷 凍 劑 流 體 1 進 入 壓縮機10中被壓縮到一般爲從50〜1000 磅 /平方英吋範圍之絕對壓力(psi a)。多成分冷凍劑流體1 較 佳 爲 包括 至 少 兩 種從含有:氟碳化物,氫氟碳化物,氫 氯 氟 碳 化 物 氟 乙 醚化物,氫氟乙醚化物,大氣氣體及碳 氫 化合 物 之 族 群 中 選出之成分。較佳爲可應用在本發明中 之 多 成分冷 凍 劑 流 體1爲可變負荷冷凍劑。 可 應 用 在 本 發 明 中之多成分冷凍劑較佳爲包括至少一種 從含有 : 氟 碳 化 物 、氫氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟乙醚 化 物 之 族 群 中 CBB :¾ 出 之成分,以及包括至少一種從含有:氟 碳 化 物 \ 氫 氟 碳 化 物、氫氯氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟 乙 醚 化 物 、 大 氣 氣 體及碳氫化合物之族群中選出之成分\ 另 一 種 可 應 用 在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 兩 種 從 含有 : 氟 碳 化物、氫氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟 乙 醚 化 物 之 族 群 中 選出之成分,以及包括至少一種從含有 ·· 氟 碳 化 物 - 氫 氟 碳化物、氫氯氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、 氫 氟 乙 醚 化 物 > 大 氣氣體及碳氫化合物之族群中選出之成 分 〇 -7-
505771 五、發明說明(6) 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 一種氟碳化物,以及包括至少一種從含有:氟碳化物及大 氣氣體之族群中選出之成分。 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 一種氟碳化物,以及包括至少一種大氣氣體。 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 三種從含有:氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟 乙醚化物之族群中選出之成分,以及包括至少一種從含有 :氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氫氯氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、 氫氟乙醚化物、大氣氣體及碳氫化合物之族群中選出之成 分。 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 二種從含有:氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟 乙醚化物之族群中選出之成分,以及包括至少一種大氣氣 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 二種從含有:氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟 乙醚化物,至少一種大氣氣體之族群中選出之成分,以及 包括至少一種從含有:氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氫氯氟碳 化物、氟乙醚化物、氫氟乙醚化物、大氣氣體之族群中選 出之成分。 另一種可應用在本發明中之較佳多成分冷凍劑包括至少 一種氟乙醚化物,亦即包括至少氟乙醚化物以及包括至少
505771 五、 發明說明 ( 7) —* 種 從 含有 ·· 氟碳 化物 氫 氟碳化物、氟乙醚、氫氟乙 醚 化 物 、 氫 氯 氟 碳化 物、 碳 氫 化物及大氣氣體之族群中選 出 之 成分 〇 在 本 發 明 —* 個較 佳實 施 例 中,多成分冷凍劑僅包含氟 碳 化 物 〇 在 本 發 明另 一個 較 佳 實施例中,多成分冷凍劑僅 包 含 氟 碳 化 物 及 氫氟 碳化 物 〇 在本發明另一個較佳實施例 中 , 多 成 分 冷 凍 劑僅 包含 氟 乙 醚化物。在本發明另一個較 佳 實 施 例 中 多 成分 冷凍 劑 僅 包含氟乙醚化物及氫氟乙醚 化 物 〇 在 本 發 明 另一 個較 佳 實 施例中,多成分冷凍劑僅包 含 氟 碳 化 物 氫 氟碳 化物 氟 乙醚化物及氫氟乙醚化物。 在 本 發 明 另 -- 個 較佳 實施 例 中 ,多成分冷凍劑僅包含氟碳 化 物 > 氟 乙 醚 化 物及 大氣 氣 體 。最通常是多成分冷凍劑之 每 —. 個 成 分 爲 氟 碳化 物、 氫 氟 碳、氫氟乙醚,或者爲大氣 氣 體 〇 應 用 在 本 發 明一 個特 別 較 佳之實施例中,多成分冷凍 劑 包括 12摩爾百分比之二氯三 Ξ氟乙烷,約36摩爾百分比 之 五 氟 乙 烷 約 3 9摩爾百分比之四氟甲烷,以及約1 3摩 爾 百 分 比 之 氮 氣 〇 —. 般 5 較 佳 爲應 用在 本 發 明之多成分冷凍劑包含一或 多 種 從 包 括 有 : 二氯 化三 氟 乙 烷、五氟乙烷、四氟甲烷、 氮 氣 全 氟 丁 氧 基-甲烷 、十氟戊烷、二氯五氟丙烷、全 氟 丙 氧 基 -甲烷 、二氯五氟; 乙烷、五氟丙烷、六氟丁烷、 五 氟 丁 烷 、 四 氟 乙烷 、氨 氣 五氟乙烷、全氟丙烷、全氟 •9- 基
505771 五、發明說明(8) 丁烷、全氟癸烷、全氟己烷、二氯甲烷、全氟乙烷、三氟 甲烷、四氟甲烷、氯化四氟乙烷、氬氣、氖氣、氦氣、二 氧化碳、及一氧化二氮。 壓縮機1 〇是以一種聚α -烯烴基油進行潤滑。應用在本 發明中之較佳之聚α -烯烴具有CnH2n + 2之公式,其中η可 爲 10 到 20。其例子包括 C2()H42,C3()H62,C4H2 82 ’ C5〇H102, 〇6〇Η!22 ’ 及 C7〇H2i42。 氣體之溶解度是溫度,壓力,偶極矩(dipole moment) 及溶劑與溶質之間相互作用之特性的函數。假若有路易士 酸基相互作用(Lewis acid-base interaction),四方力 矩之間有具體化學相互作用,或氫聯結時,氣體之溶解度 會增加。溶解度亦會隨著液態溶解度之增加而增加。聚α -烯烴爲一種直鏈非極性並且一般有中性之飽和碳氫化合 物。較佳之冷凍劑混合物成分亦爲非極性,或顯示低的極 性。其溶解度不會由於溶劑與溶質之間相互作用而增強。 故,在油中這些成分之濃度將會很小,一般小於1%,且少 於300ppm。在油中具有低或幾乎零冷凍劑(1)會減少壓 縮機吐出口處油霧的形成,(2 )在壓縮機吐出口處會形成 較大之油滴,(3 )由於較大的噴霧尺寸,會產生較佳之機 械隔離,並且(4 )由於油滴不會破壞,因而增加油滴之 聚結率。 多成分冷凍劑之成分,特別是使用在潤滑油中之聚α -烯烴被選擇成,可使在冷凍劑中的油溶解度不超過1 %,並 -10- 505771 五、發明說明(9) 且較佳爲不超過500 ppm。 多成分冷凍劑及潤滑油一起在充滿油之壓縮機1 0中被 壓縮後,變成被壓縮之冷凍劑-油流體2,一般它包括從約 爲1 0到2 0重量百分比的油。冷凍劑-油流體2通過整件 式油分離器2 0,其較佳爲重力分離槽或旋風分離器。在油 分離器20中,由於油在冷凍劑中之溶解度很低之故,在 冷凍劑-油流體2中大部份的油從流體中被分離’以氣流3 而流出油分離器20,並且以潤滑油之回流4而被導回壓縮 機10。 去除油之後的冷凍劑流體流5,一般包括從約0 . 01到5 w t %,通常爲1 w t %之潤滑油,從油分離器20通過粗級之 聚結過濾器25,其中油含量被減少到從50到1 00000 ppb(parts per billion),一般爲 7500 ppb,並且以氣流 6進入細聚結過濾器26中,其中油含量被減少到5 ppb以 下。機械式聚結過濾器25及26是使霧狀油微粒捕捉並且 使它們在過濾器元件中形成較大的油滴。此時,因爲油比 在蒸氣狀態的多成分冷凍劑之密度較高,油會由於重力向 下沉積成油滴而增加尺寸。油滴從多成分冷凍劑蒸氣中分 離,並且回到壓縮機。在顯示於圖之本發明實施例中,潤 滑油以氣流7而從聚結過濾器系統25,以氣流8而從聚結 過濾器系統26被抽出,並且結合成氣流9,它進入回流4 中而被導回壓縮機1 〇。潤滑油可經由一個內浮球閥裝置而 回到壓縮機。其他回油的方法包括在油出口連接處與壓縮 -11- 505771 五、發明說明(1〇 ) 機曲軸箱之間使用一個固定孔口或捕捉件。回油可以一個 電磁閥及定時器,或者電磁閥及水位開關做電子式控制。 若須要時,可使用一或多個額外的聚結過濾器,以更進一 步地減少多成分冷凍劑中之油含量,雖然每一個使用之額 外過濾器會增加系統之壓力損失。 幾乎不含有油之多成分冷凍劑蒸氣以氣流Η進入後冷 卻器30,其中由於與冷卻流體做間接熱交換而使壓縮熱可 被冷卻去除,以形成被壓縮之冷凍劑氣流1 2。若在氣流 1 2中有一些凝縮的話,它可被通過一個蒸氣液體分離器 40。則雙態之氣流1 2被分離成液體及蒸氣部份,通常它 們被導入使用分別之收集管的熱交換器中,使不同的管或 通道中形成均勻的分佈。在某些熱交換器構造及操作條件 中,液氣分離器40不一定須要並且氣流12可直接進入熱 交換器5 0中。 多成分冷凍劑被提供到熱交換器50,其中它與加溫後的 多成分冷凍劑做間接熱交換’下面將更進一步的解釋’以 產生多成分冷凍劑之氣流31,一般其溫度在250Κ到80Κ 之間。多成分冷凍劑之氣流31然後進入膨脹裝置’例如 焦爾-湯姆森膨脹裝置45 ’在此被膨脹以產生冷凍’造成 攜有多成分冷凍劑之氣流3 2的冷凍,其壓力一般在1 〇到 200 psia之間,並且一般溫度在80Κ到200Κ之間。若氣 流3 1之膨脹造成某部份氣流凝縮的話,氣流3 2可在如圖 所示之液氣分離器41中進行處理。 -12- 505771 五、發明說明(11) 在極低溫下攜有多成分冷凍劑之氣流進入熱交換器50 中,在此被加溫以影響如前述般之多成分冷凍劑的冷卻’ 並且亦提供冷凍到冷凍接受者。在圖示之本發明實施例中 ,冷凍接受者是與被加溫之多成分冷凍劑做間接熱交換而 被冷卻,液化及/或過冷卻之氣流5 1狀態之流體。從多成 分冷凍劑提供到冷凍接受者之冷凍,可以使用與膨脹前用 來冷卻多成分冷凍劑之相同的熱交換器’如圖所示’或者 可以使用不同的熱交換裝置。其他可從被加溫之多成分冷 凍劑接受冷凍之冷凍接受者包括冰箱或製冰器系統之內部 環境氣體,以及如壁或架子之固體構造。 從熱交換器50出來的最終被加溫之多成分冷凍劑以氣 流52進入平衡罐 46,以確保沒有任何液體進入壓縮機, 然後從平衡罐46以氣流1進入壓縮機10中,因而冷凍 循環再重新開始。 雖然本發明在此參照某較佳實施例而詳細說明,熟於此 技術者當知,在本發明申請專利範圍之精神與範圍內尙有 其他實施例。 元件符號之說明 1 多成分冷凍劑流體 2 冷凍劑-油流體 4 潤滑油回流 5 除油之冷凍劑流體流 6,7,8,9 氣流 -13- 505771 五、發明說明(12) 10 壓縮機 11, 12 氣流 20 油分離器 25, 26 聚結過濾器 30 後冷卻器 31, 32 氣流 40 蒸氣液體分離器 41 蒸氣液體分離器 45 焦爾-湯姆森膨脹裝置 46 平衡罐 50 熱交換器 51, 52 氣流 -14-
Claims (1)
- 505771 六、申請專利範圍 1 . 一種提供冷凍的方法,其中冷媒流體被壓縮、膨脹而產 生冷凍,並且然後被加溫以提供冷凍到冷凍接受者中, 其改良處係包括: (A )使用一種多成分冷凍劑做爲冷媒流體; (B) 使用以聚α -烯烴爲主之油潤滑的壓縮機來壓縮該 多成分冷凍劑; (C) 提供溫度低於220Κ之冷凍。 2 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中以聚α —烯烴爲主 之油係在多成分冷凍劑被膨脹之前,從被壓縮之多成分 冷凍劑中分離,並且然後再將經分離的油通入壓縮機中 〇 3 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中加溫之多成分冷凍 劑亦提供冷凍,以使被壓縮冷凍劑在被膨脹前可被冷卻 〇 4 .如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中多成分冷凍劑係包 括從含有:氟碳化物、氫氟碳化物、氫氯氟碳化物、氟 乙醚化物、氫氟乙醚化物、大氣氣體及碳氫化合物族群 中選出之至少兩種成分。 5 .如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中多成分冷凍劑僅包 括氟碳化合物。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中多成分冷凍劑僅包 括氫氟乙醚化合物。 7 ·如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中多成分冷凍劑包括 _ 1 5 _ 505771 六、申請專利範圍 至少一種大氣氣體。 8.—種提供冷凍之裝置,包括: (A ) —以油潤滑之壓縮機、一油分離系統、一使多成 分冷凍劑從壓縮機通到油分離系統之裝置並使潤 滑油從油分離系統通到壓縮機之裝置; (B ) —膨脹裝置、一熱交換器、一使多成分冷凍劑從 油分離系統通到膨脹裝置,從膨脹裝置到熱交換 器並從熱交換器到壓縮機之裝置;以及 (C ) 一用來提供冷凍接受者到熱交換器之裝置,以使 冷凍可從多成分冷凍劑被提供到冷凍接受者。 9 ·如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置,其中油分離系統係包括 一整件式油分離器及至少一聯合過濾器。 1 0 .如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置,其中油是聚α -烯烴基 之油。 -16-
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2000
- 2000-06-29 US US09/606,088 patent/US6330811B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
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- 2001-06-27 HU HU0102633A patent/HUP0102633A3/hu unknown
- 2001-06-28 MX MXPA01006677A patent/MXPA01006677A/es unknown
- 2001-06-28 KR KR1020010037551A patent/KR20020002275A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-28 CA CA002351851A patent/CA2351851C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-06-28 CN CN011218835A patent/CN1218153C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-28 EP EP01115815A patent/EP1167903B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-28 AU AU54134/01A patent/AU775902B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
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JP2002061971A (ja) | 2002-02-28 |
JP2007078343A (ja) | 2007-03-29 |
JP4787916B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
NO20013246L (no) | 2001-12-31 |
DE60109234T2 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
KR20020002275A (ko) | 2002-01-09 |
ATE290677T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
HUP0102633A3 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
NO20013246D0 (no) | 2001-06-28 |
PL348346A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1167903B1 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
HUP0102633A2 (hu) | 2002-01-28 |
CA2351851A1 (en) | 2001-12-29 |
ZA200105360B (en) | 2002-06-28 |
BR0102616A (pt) | 2002-02-13 |
AU775902B2 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US6330811B1 (en) | 2001-12-18 |
CA2351851C (en) | 2004-08-31 |
MXPA01006677A (es) | 2004-07-30 |
AR028767A1 (es) | 2003-05-21 |
CN1218153C (zh) | 2005-09-07 |
HU0102633D0 (en) | 2001-08-28 |
DE60109234D1 (de) | 2005-04-14 |
CN1330253A (zh) | 2002-01-09 |
EP1167903A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
AU5413401A (en) | 2002-01-03 |
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