TW473689B - Method and apparatus for securely determining aspects of the history of a good - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for securely determining aspects of the history of a good Download PDF

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TW473689B
TW473689B TW088122767A TW88122767A TW473689B TW 473689 B TW473689 B TW 473689B TW 088122767 A TW088122767 A TW 088122767A TW 88122767 A TW88122767 A TW 88122767A TW 473689 B TW473689 B TW 473689B
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sensor
storage device
security system
smart tag
patent application
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Timothy Joseph Chainer
Claude A Greengard
William R Pulleyblank
Charles P Tresser
Chai W Wu
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07372—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by detecting tampering with the circuit
    • G06K19/07381—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by detecting tampering with the circuit with deactivation or otherwise incapacitation of at least a part of the circuit upon detected tampering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0717—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073—Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • G06K19/07309—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers
    • G06K19/07372—Means for preventing undesired reading or writing from or onto record carriers by detecting tampering with the circuit
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F9/00—Details other than those peculiar to special kinds or types of apparatus
    • G07F9/02—Devices for alarm or indication, e.g. when empty; Advertising arrangements in coin-freed apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07G—REGISTERING THE RECEIPT OF CASH, VALUABLES, OR TOKENS
    • G07G1/00—Cash registers
    • G07G1/0036—Checkout procedures
    • G07G1/0045—Checkout procedures with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader
    • G07G1/0054—Checkout procedures with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader with control of supplementary check-parameters, e.g. weight or number of articles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/27—General characteristics of the apparatus preventing use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/27—General characteristics of the apparatus preventing use
    • A61M2205/273—General characteristics of the apparatus preventing use preventing reuse, e.g. of disposables
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
    • A61M2205/6054—Magnetic identification systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/50—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile
    • A61M5/5086—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for preventing re-use, or for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile for indicating if defective, used, tampered with or unsterile

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Description

47368iJ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ______ B7____ 五、發明說明（1 ) 發明背景 發明領域 本發明一般係有關於消費性商品之安全保證，且更明確 地相關於使用智慧標籤以維護商品之安全保證。 背景描述 對某些商品而言，有需要配置某種可提供有關該商品在 成爲潛在消費者之所有物之前所遭遇之事件結果造成之現 行狀悲資訊的裝置。範例包括藥品或食品在被消費者使用 之前的狀態。 而且’消費者有時候有權利及/或需要知道一商品是否爲 全新的。這對昂貴的品項而言特別重要。也有一種需要讓 一商品配置有某種可記錄該商品某方面歷史的裝置，譬如 在Ά車的案例中’現今的里程計並不十分確實地顯示汽車 此一方面的歷史。 本發明的另一種環境是在某些情況下某些商品的容器被 製k商再/人使用的事實，而消費者想知道容器内的商品是 否爲新的及該容器是否被一未經授權的第三者再次使用。 也有需要一種方法來檢測商品品質是否因爲缺陷或因爲超 過有政期或因爲諸如過度的冷、熱或潮濕等不利的環境變 化而惡化。這些情況均需要一種可檢測到商品遭受到因使 用、處理、擅改或環境因素造成的實體影響之裝置。不論 是人爲干涉或環境因素，在某些情況下此類事件被記錄的 歷史非常難以修改或僞造是非常重要的。 以前的技術包括許多種涉及封印與封裝的方法，讓人能 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） I------------裝--------訂---------梦 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（2 ) 檢測一包裝是否被擅改。此種以前技術已經走入歷史，且 有一大群具備非常廣泛或非常特定用途的改善已經拜技術 9遍進步之賜而被提出。譬如授與Gien p Double與Steve Η. Weingan之第5,159,629號美國專利描述一種用以保護電子產 品總成不被擅改的侵入障礙。以前技術也包括記錄時序資 訊的方法’譬如一種授與]Vlark A. Janney, Roger Newey，及 Irwin J· Robinson之第5,010,560號美國專利中所描述之儲存 資訊於商品上的資料日語記錄器。 但是，這些以前技術之方法無法克服提供商品及/或其環 境之擅改證據歷史資料的問題。以前技術不容許有關商品 及/或其環境之歷史資訊被安全保證地記錄並保持。 發明概述 所以本發明的一個目的是提供一種對以前技術之讓擅改 可從包裝上明顯看到之方法的獨特改善，該改善可檢測到 一商品被擅改並抗拒擅改者或任何其他可因隱藏該擅改或 隱藏擅改之痕跡而獲益者的努力。 在下文中，諸如“不可能改變，，（impossible t〇 ehange)或 ‘‘防擅改”（tamper proof)等詞應被解釋爲描述提供對擅改之 足夠抗拒以使成功的攻擊因爲成本/效益問題而很稀少的情 況，因爲在理論上只要擁有足夠的資源來支援攻擊，碼還 是會被破解的。 本發明使用授與Roland Moreno之第3,971，916 ， 4,007,355’4,092,524及4,102,493號美國專利中所描述之智慧 卡-或更廣泛地説是智慧標記-與附接至商品及/或智慧卡之 -5- t細•張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐 - ----— II--I I I I ^ · I---l· I I ----— — — 1*5^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 47368^3 A7 _B7 _ 五、發明說明（3 ) 感測器併用：一旦被擅改，或回應於其他狀況，感測器就 產生信號，該等信號被加密並記錄在附加到商品上之智慧 卡的記憶體或儲存裝置内。 回想譬如使用零知識協定（zero-knowledge protocol)，一張 智慧卡可被認證但無法被複製。此技術揭露在諸如授與 Guillou-等人之第5,140,634號美國專利中。這是彰顯智慧卡 特點之性質。所以在本發明描述的其餘部份中，任何具備 這些性質且有某種記憶體及/或某種處理能力之電子元件均 將被稱爲“智慧標記”或“智慧卡”-即使其實際上不具備像 是卡片的任何形式。智慧卡技術與應用的概略參考資料請 看 John Wiley & Sons 出版公司在 1998年出版 Henry Dreifus與J. Thomas Monk所著的 “Smart Cards: A Guide to Building and Managing Smart Card Application”一書。 當商品或其包裝被擅改時，商品的某些屬性或其環境就 會改變。此改變由附接到智慧卡的（至少某些）感測器檢 測，且智慧卡將藉著抹除或寫入某些資訊到智慧卡記憶體 中而不可逆地記錄此改變。智慧卡也可藉著使用零知識協 定而抗拒複製以便只有原始商品的製造商及/或譬如可能有 一受信賴的第三者才可生產或購買此種智慧卡。智慧卡也 可記錄這些改變的歷史資料於其内部記憶體中。 圖式簡單説明 本發明的上述以及其他目的、特徵和優點可由下文中本 發明較佳具體實例之詳述並參照諸圖示而進一步了解，諸 圖示中： -6 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) ---------------------^---------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 47368^3 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（） 、圖1 A係顯示附接至一商品之智慧標籤的等角圖； 、圖1 B係顯示圖1 A中所示智慧標籤之細節的平面圖；以 及 圖2係顯示從感測器到產生電器信號之路徑的示意圖。 發明具體實例詳述 現在參考圖示且特別看到圖1 A，該圖顯示一智慧卡101 附接至一商品106。如圖1 B中所示，智慧卡由諸如電池1〇2 等小電源供電。智慧卡内除了諸如記憶體或儲存裝置103及 處理單元104和加密模組107等常規元件以外，智慧卡也連 接至可檢測商品及/或因擅改造成之環境的變化之感測器 105 (或某數量個感測器）。 加密模組可使用任何眾所週知的（公眾或私秘）加密演算 法，譬如Rivest, Shamir and Adleman (RSA)或資料加密標準 (Data Encryption Standard DES)，該等範例描述於 CRC 出版 公司在 1997 年出版 Alfred J. Menezes，Paul C. van Oorschot及 Scott A. Vanstone所著之 “Handbook of Applied Cryptography” 一書中。有關於智慧卡之加密技術議題的討論請見上文所 提及Dreifus與Monk的書。加密演算法可施作爲智慧卡的主 處理器上之軟體模組，或者也可在特殊化的硬體内執行。 此種特殊化硬體現今被使用作爲個人電腦之加密加速器的 一個範例是由加拿大安大略Chrysalis-ITS公司製造之 LunaVPN加密加速器。 整個智慧卡可由一諸如第5,159,629號美國專利中描述之 防擅改包裝109保護。對智慧卡的擅改會很明顯，因爲任何 1本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公麓Γ -------------裝--------訂---------梦 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
47368iJ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（5 ) 決定及/或改變智慧卡内資料之企圖均會造成此資料之抹除 及/或智慧卡某些成分的破壞。爲防止擅改智慧卡本身，該 包裝可包括綷網或磁性電路以形成與感測器的封閉連結， 任何對商品之擅改均會涉及開啓該包裝以致於破壞此連結 並觸發智慧卡内一（不可逆的）改變。在某些情況下，防擅 改機能與加密可能是必要的。 其他機制也可被使用以達相同的防止智慧卡或其資料内 容被修改及/或複製的目的，第5，159,629號美國專利的簡易 修改即可得到這種範例。 感測器也可爲晶片上的壓力感測器或諸如由美國加州佛 利蒙特之Lucas NovaSensor公司製造之NPP，NPC或NPH系列 壓力感測器等壓力感測器，該等產品在低壓下被包裝。擅 改該產品不可避免地開啓包裝並讓外部空氣到達此感測 器。此壓力之改變被智慧卡記錄。爲了進一步改善保護， 包裝也可包含一幫浦以隨機改變包裝内部的壓力。在此情 況下，壓力感測器測量包裝内部的壓力Psensor並將感測器 讀數和處理器對幫浦所下的指令Pcomputer比較。差異信號 可依下列公式計算：
Pdifference = Pcomputer - Psensor 如果Pdifference大於一臨限値Pthresh，則該包裝被視爲經擅 改過。 在另一種實施例中，智慧卡有一諸如由美國紐約拉薩姆 (Latham)之 Marktech Optoelectronics 公司製造之光檢測器 MTD3010PM的光線感測器。然後智慧卡被包裝以使其不會 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） -------------^---- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------_ 47368ϋ Α7 —_ —_Β7 _ 五、發明說明（6 ) 暴露在光線下。當商品被擅改時，光線會到達此感測器且 智慧卡會記錄此改變。人們也可使用可檢測諸如紅外線輻 射或紫外線輻射等超過視覺光譜之電磁輻射的光電感測 器。不論使用的是光譜中的哪一部份，均可使用具備隨機 位準之補充輻射源，如同上文中壓力感測器所述的情況一 樣地提昇安全度。 類似地，諸如由美國麻薩諸塞州Norwood之Analog Devices 公司生產的TMP03系列感測器之溫度感測器可被用做檢測 溫度的變化，應用在商品運輸過程中須維持在某溫度範圍 内的情況。 在諸如需要衝擊檢測的汽車感測器之應用中，諸如
Analog Devices ADXL05 或Lucas NovaSensor NAC 系列測震儀 等測震儀可被用做感測器（或諸感測器之一）。 在智慧標籤汽車感測器的一種應用中，智慧卡記錄 ADXL05之輸出、產生一時間戳記並加密且將結果儲存入智 慧標籤的記憶體103内。此外，諸如TMP03溫度感測器等其 他感測器也可被依時序記錄並儲存。汽車的速率表讀數和 里程計讀數也可被以時間戳記並加密且儲存在記憶體1〇3 内。汽車的位置在辨識該汽車曾經遭遇的天氣狀況型態上 常很重要，也可加入一全球定位系統（Gps)並將其輸出確定 地4己錄在記憶體内。衝擊的時間歷史資料、溫度、速率歷 史資料、里程歷史資料及地理位置等的組合可被用以產生 一確定的汽車歷史資料而被用以評估一輛汽車的狀況。 此歷史資料的一種範例综合如下·· -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -裝 訂--------- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費令作社印製 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 47368^3 A7 _B7_^_ 五、發明說明（7 ) 汽車里程歷史資料= 里程 50,000英里 最大衝擊 10克 最高溫度 華氏90度 最低溫度 華氏50度 最高速率 每小時85英里 汽車位置 里程的90%在佛羅里達州 里程的10%在其他地方 隨著商品而不同，感測器（或諸感測器之組合）檢測機 械、電磁及溫度性質，及更廣泛的物理及/或化學性質或其 組合。檢測化學性質的感測器之參考可見於Warwick之 Neotronics Scientific 於 1996 年出版由 J· Gardner 所著的 “An Introduction to Electronic Nose Technology”一書。一旦在 105 處檢測到改變超過某固定臨限値（或當感測器擷取的資料和 一經計算的隨機序列差異夠大時），就不可逆地記綠在智慧 卡101内。事件的時間戳記提供記錄的歷史資料給裝置；確 定的時間戳記可譬如藉著附加一時鐘或計時單元到防擅改 包裝109内之智慧卡上而達成。 -10- ^紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) II---------I I · I------^-----I--•户 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 47368ϋ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8 ) 如圖2中所示，譬如使用壓電等物理性質，諸如Murata PDGS-OOLA-TC測震器等感測器105因應於一造成感測器震 動之外部力量輸入而產生一電壓113。當電子信號in超過 某預定臨限値110時，一比較器111即被觸發以產生一邏輯 位準輸出以對智慧卡供電。結果，一旦檢測到一大於一預 定臨限値的衝擊，該衝擊就被不可逆地記綠爲智慧卡1 〇 i内 的一變化。此相同概念可被調適以適應隨機輸入當作一額 外裝置以保護抗拒進入容納商品之包裝。 記錄的資料被加密並提供商品實體事件的歷史資料。任 何擁有一（可能爲公開的）鑰匙的人可讀回該資料，該資料 一旦被適當的演算法處理過就可被用以判斷該商品的狀 態，並可辨識該智慧卡是附加在其應該被附加的商品上。 此種分析可包括-但不侷限於-商品所遭受的溫度、商品經 歷過的衝擊、商品第一次供電開機的時間等。 在某些情況下，如果需要的話，智慧卡也將藉著亦記錄 時間而保有變化的歷史資料記錄。在所有情況下，商品或 其環境的變化造成智慧卡之狀態不可逆地改變。此可藉智 慧卡抹除或寫入某些資訊入其内部記憶體而實現。 想要判斷商品是否爲新的的任何人首先使用一零知識協 足#忍證該智慧卡。然後他或她查詢智慧卡有關該商品是否 已經被開啓過或擅改過的資訊。若認證成功且智慧卡未記 綠任何狀態變化，則可做該商品未被擅改過的結論。 智慧卡可爲非接觸式者（意指當執行認證或查詢時不必對 智慧卡做實體接觸）且被嵌入商品或其包裝容器内。在此狀 -11 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） -----------——裝---- (諳先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------# 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 47368^3 A7 __B7_ 五、發明說明（9 ) 況下，認證與查詢係經由某種遠端裝置完成。此種技術在 現今已經存在可用。譬如，揭橥於授與Michael J. Brady， Thomas Cofino, Harley K. Heinrich, Glen W. Johnson, Paul A. Moskovitz及George F. Walken等人的美國第 5,682,143 號專利 中的RFIDs。較早的參考資料請見譬如授與John Welsh及 Richard N。Vaughan 的美國第 4,063,229 號專利、授與 Leo Slobodin之美國第4,242,663號專利、及授與Daniel D. Mawhinney之美國第4,646,090號專利。 對某些商品而言，感測器105之輸出被送到處理器104， 處理器104執行一數學演算以判斷標的物及/或其環境之歷 史資料的一函數。譬如，牛奶容器溫度與時間歷史資料可 被用以根據下列所示模型判斷牛奶變酸的可能性： 其中T是牛奶容器的溫度，t是時間，而f是一可藉實驗決 定的函數。處理結果形成一可加密或不加密的訊息。譬 如，該訊息可爲消費者可見到的指標。 某些商品（譬如酒、食品、化學合成物、或藥物商品）會 因未知的原因而品質惡化，在該情況下無法僅靠環境控制 來確認品質而須靠某種感測器檢測該商品本身的化學及/或 物理性質。本發明之裝置可被用以記錄溫度、濕度、壓 力、光線、震動、衝擊、電磁場、化學組成、及包含該商 品之包裝的開啓。 如果要檢測有效期之逾期，則智慧卡配置有一時鐘或計 時器以在發生商品逾期時記錄之。 在另一種具體實例中，本發明之裝置可被用以檢測並記 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) ------------I --------^---------^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
47368iJ
發明說明（ 綠消費電子商品之變化。除了上文所述的諸變化以外，還 可記錄商品之使用小時數（供電開機小時數）。 智慧卡可在無作用狀態下產生。在智慧卡附接至商品之 後，智慧卡藉著發送一指令到智慧卡而被啓動有作用。這 在非接觸式智慧卡的情況下可從遠端完成。一旦被啓動^ 作用，智慧卡即開始監視該商品及/或其環境。爲了 2高的 安全性，智慧卡一旦被啓動有作用就無法關閉無作用-除非 被破壞。或者，關閉無作用也可造成智慧卡内不可逆的變 化’指出該智慧卡在啓動有作用之後曾被關閉無作用。 在另一種較佳具體實例中，智慧卡可由外部供電，嬖如 由射頻（radio-frequency)能源供電。智慧卡在晶片上有微機 器機能（micromachined features)，該機能在該商品被擅改時 被改變（譬如機器的諸部分會破開）。當使用者需要判斷該 商品是否有被擅改時，外部電源被加上以供電開動該智慧 卡。認證階段和以前一樣。其次，微機器機能或由智慧卡 或由使用者感測以判斷是否發生過擅改。 雖然上文中利用一具有多重應用和修改之較佳具體實例 來描述本發明，精於本技術領域者會知道本發明可在所附 申請專利範圍之精神與範_内經修改而實施。 --------------裝--------訂---------%·、 (請先閱讀背面之注音？事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 •13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）

Claims (1)

  1. 6. 一個。 如申請專利範圍第 費商品且該等感測 數0 1項之方法，其中該物件為一電子 器檢測孩消費商品之供電開機小 消 時 —種記錄並儲存有關物理、化學及環境等至少__種因素 時間對-物件之影響的資訊於積體智慧標籤内之方 法’包括下列步驟： 、用：數個感測器中的至少一個感測器感測有關該物件 之狀態或該物件之環境的資料； 處理該資料以計算該資料的複數個函數中的至少一 個；及 儲存該資料與該等函數之值的組合入一儲存裝置中。 8·如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，尚包括在儲存人該儲存 裝置以如先將該資料與該等函數之該等值中的至少一個 加密之步驟。 9.如申請專利範圍第7項之方法，尚包括顯示來自該處理 步驟之結果。 瓜一種智慧標籤保全系統，包括： 一儲存裝置； 一將一信號安全地傳送到該儲存裝置的感測器；及 加岔模組’將來自該#號之資料改變並安全地記錄 在儲存裝置内以供未來讀回。 11.如申請專利範圍第1 0項之智慧標籤保全系統，尚包括一 對來自該感測器之該信號作用之處理單元。 -2 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X 297公釐) W36即 A8 B8 C8 --------------- D8 申請專利範圍 12.如：請專利範圍第"項之智慧標籤保全系統，其中該處 理早兀對該信號作用以判斷該信號是否符合—記錄入該 儲存裝置内之臨限值。 江如：請專利範圍第η項之智慧標藏保全系統，其中該處 理早元對該信號作用以執行一演算法來處理該信號以判 斷一物件之狀態。 14·如申請專利範圍第11項之智慧標籤保全系統，尚包栝一 顯示由該處理單元判斷之結果的顯示器。 α如申請專利範圍第14項之智慧標籤保全㈣，其中該顯 π器包括一安全存取。 16·如申請專利範圍第1G項之智慧標聽全系統，其中該智 慧標戴被整合至一單一碎基底上。 17.如申請專利範圍第10項之智慧標籤保全系統，尚包括一 計時單元’該計時單元傳送—時間戳記到該儲存裝置以 便記錄給從該感測器記錄的每個信號。 18·如申請專利範圍第10項之智慧標籤保全系統，其中該感 測^由一壓力感測器構成，該壓力感測器根據環繞該感 測器之壓力的變化傳送信號到該儲存裝置。 19.如申請專利範園第丨〇項之智慧標籤保全系統，其中該感 測器由一光線感測器構成，該光線感測器在暴露到該感 測器之光線變化時傳送信號到該儲存裝置。 20·如申請專利範圍第丨〇項之智慧標籤保全系統，其中該感 測器由一電器連結構成，該電器連結在被破壞時傳送信 號到該儲存裝置。 -3-
    籤保全系統，尚包括一 之經加密的辨識碼在該 2l_如申請專利範圍第1 ο項之智慧標 由孩保全系統保護之物件所特有 儲存裝置内。 22·:申請專利範圍第21項之智慧標籤保全系統，其中該辨 4螞被使用一零知識協定驗證。 23· 一種用以記錄並儲存有關物理、化 π予及％境寺至少一種 因素歷經時間對-物件之影響的資訊於積體智慧標藏内 又智慧標藏保全系統，該系統包括： -用以感測有關該物件或該物件的一環境之狀辑的资 料之感測器； 八 中之一函數的處理 〜用以計算該資料之複數個函數 器；及 等函數值存入一儲存裝 —用以將該資料與該資料之該 置的儲存裝置。 -4 -
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IL133460A (en) 2003-10-31
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US6501390B1 (en) 2002-12-31

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