TW460333B - Reactor having a contact tube bundle - Google Patents

Reactor having a contact tube bundle Download PDF

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Publication number
TW460333B
TW460333B TW088112696A TW88112696A TW460333B TW 460333 B TW460333 B TW 460333B TW 088112696 A TW088112696 A TW 088112696A TW 88112696 A TW88112696 A TW 88112696A TW 460333 B TW460333 B TW 460333B
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Taiwan
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reactor
exchange medium
heat exchange
item
ring
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TW088112696A
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English (en)
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Franz Corr
Gerhard Olbert
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Basf Ag
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/32Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/0013Controlling the temperature of the process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/24Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
    • B01J19/2415Tubular reactors
    • B01J19/2425Tubular reactors in parallel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067Heating or cooling the reactor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B01J2208/00221Plates; Jackets; Cylinders comprising baffles for guiding the flow of the heat exchange medium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00256Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles in a heat exchanger for the heat exchange medium separate from the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00548Flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094Jackets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00103Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06Derivation channels, e.g. bypass

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

4 6 03 3 3 _案號 88112696_年月日_修正_ 五、發明說明(1) 本發明有關一具有接觸管束之反應器,一熱交換媒介環 路通過包圍該接觸管之管束空間,及有關使用該反應器供 施行氧化反應。 習知通用型反應器之設計包括一大致圓柱形之貯槽,在 其内呈垂直配置地容納一束、亦即多數接觸管。可能包含 資助觸媒之接觸管係以密封方式於管底連接其各端點,且 導入一在上端連接至該貯槽之爐蓋及在下端連接至該貯槽 之爐蓋。流經該接觸管之反應混合物係經由該爐蓋進給及 引出。一熱交換媒介環路通過包圍該接觸管之空間,以便 使熱平衡一致,特別是於高度放熱反應之案例中。 為經濟之理由,使用具有最高可能接觸管數目之反應 器,通常所容納之接觸管數目是於由15000至30000之範圍 間(參考DE-A-44 31 949)。 有關該熱交換媒介環路,吾人已知在經過該反應器之每 一水平區段中施行該熱交換媒介之一大致均質之溫度分 佈,以便無論何處可能所有接觸管同等地參予該反應結果 (例如DE-B-16 01162)。藉著經由安裝在該反應器端點之 外部環線供給熱能或散熱及具有多數封套孔隙以實現平滑 之溫度分佈,譬如於DE-B-34 09 159中所述。 藉著安裝折流板即可達成熱傳之另一項改善,該折流板 係於該反應器中心及在該反應器邊緣交替地留下一通道橫 截面。如一配置特別適用於具有自由中央空間而呈環狀配 置之管束及譬如揭露於GB-B-31 01 75中。 於具有上述由約15000至30000範圍之許多接觸管及另外 配備有折流板之大反應器中,該熱交換媒介之壓降以相對
4 6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正 _ 五、發明說明(2) 之觀點而s是彳艮大。為此緣故,時常用於消散氧化反應期 間所獲得之熱量及在由約攝氏350度至400度之使用溫度下 具有類似於水黏度之包含硝酸鉀及硝酸鈉之共晶體鹽溶化 物,必需在約4至5米之進給高度處送入上面尺寸之反應 器,以便克服其壓降。 於該種大型反應器中,該幫浦系統有利地係位於該上及 下環線之間’使得該熱交換媒介譬如經由一環線進給至該 反應器之下方地區。 於該種大型反應器中,假如該鹽溶化物係直接唧入該反 應器之上部或該上環線,所必要之4至5米進給高度將需 要一技術上較不利及易故障之幫浦系統,尤其是由於複雜 之幫浦軸封、較長之幫浦軸、及經過該幫浦軸進入該下馬 達轴承之較大熱傳導。再者,上述進給高度將需要一為安 全性理由而非吾人所想要之高液位鹽溶化物補償容器。 亦即同樣在該反應器上端與該反應混合物同流進給至該 接觸管,熱交換媒介之供給至該反應器之上端係如所知者 對反應之施行有利(參考D E - A - 4 4 3 1 4 4 9 )。 該同流實施法在對流程序下具有優點,諸如較高之生產 量、較低之觸媒熱點溫度、於該接觸管中朝向該終端反應 之可喜之熱交換媒介溫度增加、該熱交換媒介在遍及該反 應器橫截面之良好溫度一致性、亦即良好之水平溫度層 次、由於未經由該熱交換媒介之背面連結而在該接觸管空 間之高度上方之清楚操作狀態。 然而如第1圖DE-A-44 31 449中所敘或DE-A-22 01 528 中所示,反應混合物及熱交換媒介之同流運送遭遇上述有
4 6 03 3 3 _ 案號 88112696 __月 修正 五、發明說明(3) 關該幫浦系統之問題 一上環線進給至該反 環線由該反應器之下 本發明之一目的係 器。比較於具有將該 中之下環線及由該上 4 0 0 0 0、特別是由1 5 0 反應器已證實成功’ 該熱交換媒介應與進 流動環繞著該接觸管 吾人發現藉著具有 的,一熱交換媒介環 使得在該反應器兩端 給及排出熱交換媒介 媒介或該熱交換媒介 於該案例争該熱交換 線進給回到該幫浦1 邊緣交替地留下一通 線每一個藉著一圓柱 交換媒介係進 之一區域至該 接觸管之空間 經由該反應器 及該熱 器外侧 包圍該 及隨後 排出。 吾人 ,假如該熱交換媒介係譬如直接經由 應器之上方區域,及譬如直接經由一 方區域排出。 提供未有關於該幫浦系統缺點之反應 熱交換媒介進給至該反應器下方區域 環線排出之設計,且對具有譬如高達 00至30000接觸管之多數接觸管之大 將不會修改該幫浦系統,儘管如此, 給經過該接觸管之反應混合物同流地 —接 路通 之環 之封 之分 媒介 及具 道橫 形分 給經 内部 ,經 外侧 觸管 過其 線具 套孔 流通 係進 有於 截面 割壁 過該 上環 由封 之一 束之 包圍 有用 隙, 過一 給至 該反 之折 面分 外部 線, 套孔 區域 反應 該接 以藉 假如 或多 該下 應器 流板 成一 之下 經由 隙進 而經 器即 觸管 著一 想要 個外 環線 十心 ,其 内部 環線 後者 入該 由該 可達 之管 或多 時使 部熱 及經 及在 中該 及外 ,經 之封 内部 外部 成該 束空 台幫 該熱 交換 由該 該反 上及 部環 由該 套孔 之下 之上 § 間, 浦供 交換 器, 上環 應器 下環 線, 反應 隙至 環線 環線 已發現可利用該上及下環線間之空間以使該熱交換
4-6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正_ 五、發明說明(4) 媒介轉向,而允許熱交換媒介及反應混合物之同流運送優 點與已證實幫浦配置之結合,並將該熱交換媒介進給至該 下環線。 為該目的,本發明提供一安排於該上環線及下環線中之 圓柱形分割壁面,將每一環線分成一内部及外部環線。該 熱交換媒介然後進給至經由該上及下環線間之區域連接至 該内部上環線之外部下環線,由此以已知之方式經由封套 孔隙進給至包圍該接觸管之空間,而以已知之方式經由折 流板形成一類似曲折之流動。該熱交換媒介以已知之方式 於該反應器之下部經由封套孔隙離開包圍該接觸管之空 間,及進入該下方之内部環線。這依序經由該上及下環線 間之區域連接至該上外部環線。 藉著一形成中空圓柱體之圓柱體包層有利地關上該上及 下環線間之區域,該圓柱體藉著垂直於該反應器基座之徑 向分割壁面分成各室,各環線之分隔壁面留下交替之内部 及外部圓環區段,在此於平面圖中,一打開之圓環區段總 是安排在一關閉之圓環區段上方,及反之亦然。各室如此 藉著來自該幫浦之熱交換媒介及來自該反應器空間之熱交 換媒介總是歷經由底部至頂部之交替流動。 各室之數目原則上是無限多,但可有利地提供由1 2至 96、最好由24至48之數目,以致由12至24個隔室(對應於 每四分之一由3至6個隔室)係可用於將包圍該接觸管之反 應器空間上方區域中之熱交換媒介交替地運送(更改方向) 至該入口及由其下方區域運送至該出口。 將每一上下環線分成一内部及外部環線之圓柱形分割壁
4 6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正_ 五、發明說明(5) 面原則上可具有於該環線之内徑及外徑間之任何直徑。然 而,該圓柱形分割壁面之直徑最好少於或等於該環線外徑 及内徑之等差f項。 於一較佳實施例中,一具有通至該反應器空間之封套孔 隙之旁通室及一調節板係安排在該外部上環線之區域中, 於每個案例中該熱交換媒介流經至少部份該旁通室及排出 至該幫浦1可經由一激勵驅動器及一驅動軸於該反應器縱 轴之方向令調節該調節板之位置。於該架構中,可儘早如 該反應器之中心高度般除去來自該反應器空間之可調整熱 交換媒介分流,這意指只經歷該熱交換媒介之剩餘量流經 包圍該接觸管之反應器空間下部。關於減少該接觸管下部 之熱進展最佳化該實施例。此外,達成一壓降之減少,這 允許縮減之幫浦輸出及如此增加經濟效率。 該反應器不受限於此種熱交換媒介,即可同樣用於散 熱、亦即用於實施放熱反應,及用於供熱至流經該接觸管 之反應混合物、亦即用於實施吸熱反應。 .該反應器特別適用於氧化反應之施行,特別用於製備鄰 笨二酸酐、順丁烯二酐、乙二醛、(2-曱基)丙烯醛及(甲 基)丙稀酸。 在下文參考工作範例及一圖面更詳細地說明本發明,其 中: 第1圖右侧顯示一經過具有按照本發明熱交換媒介環路 之反應器之縱向剖面; 第1圖左側顯示一經過具有按照先前技藝熱交換媒介環 路之反應器之縱向剖面;
第10頁 460333 _案號88112696_年月日 修正_ 五、發明說明(6) 第2圖右侧顯示一在該上環線及該中央中空圓柱體(剖面 A - A )間之分隔區域中經過根據本發明反應器之橫截面圖; 第2圖左侧顯示一於剖面A - A中經過按照該先前技藝之反 應器之橫截面圖; 第3圖右侧顯示一於該中央申空圓柱體區域(剖面b - B )經 過根據本發明反應器之橫截面圖; 弟3圖左侧顯不一於該剖面B _ B中經過按照先前技藝之反 應器之橫截面圖; 第4圖右侧顯示一在該中央中空圓柱體及該下環線(剖面 C - C )間之分隔區域中經過根據本發明反應器之橫截面圖; 第4圖左侧顯示一於剖面C - C中經過按照該先前技藝之反 應器之橫截面圖; 第5圖顯示根據本發明反應器之一細部,以便說明熱交 換媒介之進給至包圍該接觸管之空間; 第6圖顯示根據本發明反應器之一細部,以便說明熱交 換媒介由包圍該接觸管之空間排出至該幫浦; 第7圖顯示根據本發明反應器之一較佳實施例之細部; 及 第8圖顯示經過根據本發明具有二熱交換媒介環路之反 應器橫截面圖。 元件參考符號簡要說明 1反應器 2垂直接觸管束 3上環線
第11頁 4 6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正 _ 五、發明說明(7) 4下環線 5,6封套孔隙 7折流板 8, 9圓柱形分割壁面 1 1内部上環線 1 2外部上環線 1 3内部下環線 1 4外部下環線 1 5圓柱體包層 1 6隔室 1 7徑向分割壁面 1 8圓環區段 1 9圓環區段 2 0額外旁通室 2 1封套孔隙 2 2調節板 2 3驅動轴 2 4作動裝置 第1圖顯示一於該圓柱體十央留下一内部空間而具有垂 直接觸管束2之圓柱形反應器i ,而具有一進給熱交換媒介 之下環線4及排出該熱交換媒介之上環線3,並經由封套孔 隙5及6發生該熱交換媒介之進給及排出,及具有產生曲折 形熱交換媒介環路之折流板7。 至此範圍,按照先前技藝(第1圖左側)之反應器設計係 與按照本發明(第1圖右侧)之反應器設計完全相同。
第12頁 4 6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正_ 五'發明說明(8) 如可在第圖1右侧看見者,根據本發明之反應器比較於 先前技藝具有以下之修改: 該上環線3係藉著一圓柱形分割壁面8分成一内部上環線 1 1及一外部上環線1 2 ;類似地,該下環線4係藉著該圓柱 形分割壁面9分成一内部下環線1 3及一外部下環線1 4。 最好藉著一圓柱體包層1 5關上該環線3及4間之區域以形 成一中空圓柱體。該區域係發生該熱交換媒介由該外部下 環線1 4轉向至該内部上環線1 1或由該内部下環線1 3轉向至 該外部上環線1 2之區域。最好經過藉著垂直於該反應器基 底(第3圖)之徑向分割壁面17所形成之各隔室16發生該中 央中空圓柱體區域中之熱交換媒介之此轉向。 可由第2圖右侧及第4圖右側所示剖面看見該中央中空圓 柱體之分開區域中該熱交換媒介之運送至該上或下環線: 該圓柱形分割壁面8及9及該徑向分割壁面1 7形成内部及外 部之圓環區段。如第2圖右侧及第4圖右侧所示,根據本發 明這些係交替地形成打開之圓環區段1 8及關上之圓環區段 1 9。關於此點,交替性意指在每一内部或外部環線上使一 打開之圓環區段之後緊跟著一關閉之圓環區段,及此外於 平面圖中,一打開之圓環區段1 8於橫截面圖A - A中總是對 應於一於橫戴面圖C - C中之關閉圓環區段1 9,及反之亦 然。該設計意指各室總是由底部至頂部經歷來自該幫浦之 熱交換媒介及來自該反應器空間之熱交換媒介之交替地通 過,如第3圖所示。 為說明該熱交換媒介之運送,根據本發明之一反應器區 段係顯示在第5及6圖中:
第13頁 4 6 03 3 3 _案號88112696_年月日 修正_ 五、發明說明(9) 第5圖顯示一隔室1 6 ’該熱交換媒介由該幫浦流經該隔 室1 6,其由底部至頂部經由該下方外部環線1 4、經過該打 開之圓環區段1 8進入該隔室1 6,該熱交換媒介經由另一打 開之圓環區段1 8在該上方區域中離開、流入該上方内部環 線1 1、及經由該封套孔隙5進給至包圍該接觸管之反應器 空間。 藉著對比,緊接毗連第5圖所示隔室1 6之第6圖所示隔室 1 6經歷來自包圍該接觸管之反應器空間經由該封套孔隙6 流經該下方内部環線1 3及該打開圓環區段1 8之熱交換媒介 之通過。由該室1 6,該熱交換媒介係經過另一打開之圓環 區段i 8排入該上方外部環線1 2及由該處至該幫浦。 第7圖顯示根據本發明反應器之一較佳實施例。於該實 施例中,一具有通至該反應器空間之封套孔隙2 1之額外旁 通室2 0及一調節板2 2係於每個案例中安排在至少部份該旁 通室1 6令,該熱交換媒介流經至少部份該旁通室1 6及然後 於該旁通室1 6之分開壁面區域中經過該幫浦排出至該上方 外部環線1 2。可經由一合適之激勵驅動器及一驅動軸2 3於 該反應器縱軸之方向中調節該調節板2 2之位置。 第8圖顯示根據本發明具有二熱交換媒介環路之反應器 較佳實施例。該反應器類似地建造成一具有對應於第1圖 右侧之單一熱交換媒介環路之反應器。於該第二熱交換媒 介環路中,對應於該第一熱交換媒介環路之每一項特色係 標以一對應之參考數字。 同理,可能將其它熱交換媒介環路加至根據本發明之反 應器。這能使該反應器最佳地匹配所欲進行之每一種反應
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Claims (1)

  1. -------------一4 6 03 3 3 I ' .. 、案號88112696_年月 曰 修正| 怎片,/及 :六、申'請專4範_ ~ ~ 1補充丨 1 . 一種具有接觸管束(2 )之反應器(1 ),一熱交換媒介環 路通過包圍該接觸管之管束空間,使得在該反應器兩端之 環線(3, 4 )具有用以藉著至少一台幫浦供給及排出熱交換 媒介之封套孔隙(5,6 ),該熱交換媒介係進給至該下環線 (4 )及經由該上環線(3 )進給回到該幫浦,及具有於該反應 器中心及在該反應器邊緣交替地留下一通道橫截面之折流 板(7 ),其中該上(3 )及下(4 )環線每一個藉著一圓柱形分 割壁面(8,9 )分成一内部(1 1,1 3 )及外部(1 2,1 4 )環線,及 該熱交換媒介係進給經過該外部之下環線(1 4 ),經由該反 應器外侧之一區域至該内部上環線(1 1 ),經由後者之封套 孔隙(5 )至包圍該接觸管(2 )之空間、經由該封套孔隙(6 ) 進入該内部之下環線(1 3 )、及隨後經由該反應器外侧之一 區域而經由該外部之上環線(1 2 )排出。 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1),其中該熱交換 媒介或該熱交換媒介之分流通過一或多個外部熱交換器。 3 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),其中藉著一形 成中空圓柱體之圓柱體包層(1 5 )關閉該下(4 )及上(3 )環線 間之區域,該圓柱體藉著垂直於該反應器基座之徑向分割 壁面(1 7 )分成各室(1 6 ),各環線(3,4 )之分隔壁面留下交 替之内部及外部圓環區段,在此於平面圖中,一打開之圓 環區段(1 8 )安排在一關閉之圓環區段(1 9 )上方,及反之亦 缺 〇 '»«、 4.根據申請專利範圍第1或3項之反應器(1 ),其中各室 (16)之數目係由12至96。 5 .根據申請專利範圍第1或3項之反應器(1 ),其中各室
    第16頁 ^ 6 0 3 3 3 _案號 88112696_年月日_修正_ 六、申請專利範圍 (16)之數目係由24至48。 6 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(i ),其中該圓柱形 分割壁面(8,9 )之直徑少於該環線(3,4 )之外徑及内徑之算 術平均值。 7.根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),其中該圓柱形 分割壁面(8,9 )之直徑等於該環線(3,4 )之外徑及内徑之算 術平均值。 8 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),其中一具有通 至該反應器空間之封套孔隙(2 1 )之旁通室(2 0 )及一調節板 2 2係於該情形下於該外部之上環線(1 2 )區域内安排在部份 該旁通室(1 6 )中,該熱交換媒介流經部份該旁通室(1 6 )及 排出至該幫浦,可經由一激勵驅動器(2 4 )及一驅動軸(2 3 ) 於該反應器縱軸之方向中調節該調節板(2 2 )。 9 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),其中二或更多 熱交換媒介環路係通過包圍該接觸管之空間。 1 0 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),係用於施行 氧化反應。 Π .根據申請專利範圍第1項之反應器(1 ),係用於施行 製備鄰苯二酸酐、順丁烯二酐、乙二醛、(2 -甲基)丙烯醛 或(曱基)丙烯酸。
    第17頁
TW088112696A 1998-08-13 1999-07-27 Reactor having a contact tube bundle TW460333B (en)

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BR9912930B1 (pt) 2010-09-08
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ID27259A (id) 2001-03-22
MY118273A (en) 2004-09-30

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