TW454306B - Circuit and method for reducing parasitic bipolar effects during electrostatic discharges - Google Patents
Circuit and method for reducing parasitic bipolar effects during electrostatic discharges Download PDFInfo
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- TW454306B TW454306B TW088119225A TW88119225A TW454306B TW 454306 B TW454306 B TW 454306B TW 088119225 A TW088119225 A TW 088119225A TW 88119225 A TW88119225 A TW 88119225A TW 454306 B TW454306 B TW 454306B
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- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 6
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
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- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 206010017711 Gangrene Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005513 bias potential Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/04—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
- H01L27/0248—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
- H01L27/0251—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
- H01L27/0266—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices using field effect transistors as protective elements
- H01L27/027—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices using field effect transistors as protective elements specially adapted to provide an electrical current path other than the field effect induced current path
- H01L27/0277—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices using field effect transistors as protective elements specially adapted to provide an electrical current path other than the field effect induced current path involving a parasitic bipolar transistor triggered by the local electrical biasing of the layer acting as base of said parasitic bipolar transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
- H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
- H01L27/0248—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection
- H01L27/0251—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits for electrical or thermal protection, e.g. electrostatic discharge [ESD] protection for MOS devices
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Insulated Gate Type Field-Effect Transistor (AREA)
Description
4543 Ο 6 ^ 〆 _案號88119225 夕6 年_Γ月χΓ日 修正_ ( ' ...... 五、發明說明(1) 以前申請之參考 此申請曾於1998年11月30曰以申請號碼09/201, 392在美 國提出。 發明之範圍 本發明關於一電路,特別關於一電路及方法以在靜電放 電期間降低寄生雙極效應。 發明之背景 一積體電路在其承受積體電路設計電壓為高之電壓時, 可能受損。靜電放電("ESD"),起源自如機械晶片載體, 塑膠晶片儲存裝置等來源,或甚至人體亦可產生高出積體 電路設計電壓許多倍之電壓。例如,人體可供應一高達4 KV之靜電放電。以操作於小於5 V之積體電路而言,如此 比例之靜電放電堪稱大破壞。 為保護積體電路不受高電壓,或ESD事件之害,通常在 内部電路與積體電路之輸入/輸出銷間利用一保護電路。 一種可在ESD事件時使積體電路失效之現象稱為“雙極急 返”。 圖1說明一Ν-通道金屬氧化物半導體(MOS)電晶體及一以 前技藝之固有寄生雙極電晶體之部份簡圖與部份剖面圖。 如圖1所說明,一ΝΡΝ雙極裝置在ρ基體中形成,其有一射 極搞合至源,一集極輕合至汲極,及一基極輕合至一 Ν-通 道MOS電晶體之基體。圖1中,基體結與源耦合至地,汲極 耦合至一 I/O墊。I/O墊顯示接收一 ESD事件。 在雙極急返期間,由一 η +擴散耦合至一結合片(集極), 及一 η +擴散耦合至地(射極)形成之寄生雙極裝置,可由自
O:\0l\61178.ptc 第5頁 4543 Ο 6
衝器之Ν-通道MOS裝置中之雙極裝置最易受急返影響。此 寄生裝置常為在受到ESD事件之電路之失效點。 _連 減輕此寄生雙極問題之知名方案為增加一鎮流電卩且^ 接在N-通道MOS電晶體之汲極與一輸出銷之間s ^ ^ 保證,以均等分配通過NM0S電晶體之任何放電電流(或$ 分支形成一NM0S電晶體)方式,為在電路中之雙椏導$另 件之ESD保護之額外方法。鎮流電阻器之增加玎碟保在,電 一集極至射極失效點之電壓VT2大於集極至射極電廢Vt1 a’a冰 流在該點在寄生雙極電晶體中開始流動。VT1與^ Μ 於圖2中說明。 &晚 'll iS /竖 圖2說明圖1之N -通道M0S電晶體之汲極電流與淡视 _ 之關係。圖2顯示二條曲線。一曲線說明一典塑#自曲線 準矽化物技術之汲極電流對汲極至源電壓關係’另/ Λ愈 it s疯之** 說明典型自我對準矽化物技術之汲極電流與汲極矣Λ φ 〇β Μ Μ 0 S 電 壓之關係。當數個NM0S電晶體(或分支形成之爭
O:\61\61178.ptc 第6頁 454306 修正 案號 88119225 五、發明說明(3) 晶體)作為一個寄生雙極裝置時,此種裝置依賴固有雙極 電晶體之“急返”電流-電壓特性。如上述,電流在某一 集極至射極電壓,VT1開始流過雙極電晶體。其後,集極至 射極電壓在電流增加時降低,自VTi “急返”。當汲極電壓 增加時,此趨勢反轉,在電流上升時,導致集極至射極電 壓亦上升。最後,雙極電晶體在另一特別集極至射極電壓 VT2失效。在典型非自我對準矽化物技術中,VT2通常小於V T1,因為一自我對準矽化物源/汲極擴散可降低裝置之有效 串聯電阻(圖2之線斜坡更陡)。 在二技術中,以鎮流電阻器方式增加串聯電阻,VT2可被 控制而使大於Vn。此可保證第一NM0S (或NM0S電晶體之分 支)不會在小於第二NM0S電晶體導電之電壓崩潰。此點亦 可保證全裝置之之失效電流為其各組件之和,而非急返之 第一片段。圖2顯示失效電流為第二崩潰電流,Ιτ2。ΙΤ2之 值在ESD期間不能超過,否則將造成裝置之永久損壞。因 此,增加鎮流電阻器之動機為自一特定電晶體之可用ΙΤ2之 總值為最大。通常,IΤ2與特殊技術之構造參數有關,在各 技術中各有不同。 在半導體技術標定之趨勢為技術之每一新生代之IΤ2之降 低。此由數個因素造成,如使用淺,自我對準矽化物源/ 汲極接點,及使用重摻雜之Ρ+基體於外延層。除在多分支 裝置中提升不良寬度標定外,自我對準矽化物層亦消耗大 部份接點深度,亦稱為降低第二崩潰失效電流閾值(Ιτ2)。 重摻雜Ρ+基體上(epi-基體)之外延層在先進技術中所必 需,以防止知名之鎖存效應。E p i -基體之基體電阻甚低,
O:\61\61178.ptc 第7頁 454306 MM 88119P9R 發明說明(4) _广月 修正 因而可使其體電位緊密耦合 言,此點極為理邦、,盆^ 二片之地。在防止鎖存 勻發起及保持雙‘作用、。。雙極作用’因其不易均 圖式簡單說明 在配合以下之圖式及一較 發明有更佳之瞭解1中知佳具體實例之說明冑,可對本 電Γ體說之明部一///# &通道MOs電晶體及固有寄生雙極 電明體之部份簡圖,及部份為剖面圖。 踅桠 圖2說明圖1之N -通道|^〇8雪曰糾*丄 之關係圖。 通迢’電曰日體之汲極電流對汲極電壓 圖3 §尤明本發明之_ a E| 4 ^ Q〇 . 電路之郤份簡圖及部份剖面圖。 圖4說明本發明之ESD電路之簡圖。 』囬圍 應瞭解,為簡化及清晰計,圖 例如,某些組件對其他元件而言 =U =。 件。 麥号唬碼在圖中重複以代表對應或類比元 車乂佳具體貫例之詳細說明 以下將詳述本發明之數個齡杜日^ ^况月 體實例均在於一電體實例’…之各具 两,、,h L 6 叫及方法以升尚N-通道電晶體之源電 m f· # 4 :生雙極裝置之基極至射極電壓順向偏壓,以 Φ夕iff極裝置導電。本發明可防止在先進半導體技術 :ί:、返’因為當Vti超過發生時(即VT2 = VTl及IT,IT2), 裝置立即文到損壞。因此等裝置,不足以在雙極急返效應 Ϊ t ί ’因為失效電流之值太低。®此此等技 術取好此避免急返,並需要增加、俾輸出缓衝器㈣⑽裝置
154306 SS_M19225 五、發明說明(5) 在ESD放電期間不致急返
-, 此與值& 以鎮流方法控制寄生雙極作用疗统方法試圖在急返後 ϋΐ 5¾ SI ® ^ /,.1 . +4. . $ 同 β 圖3顯示一具體實例,其中 Ν -通道電晶體(24)與地之間 相當 小之電阻器(2 S )耦合在 — 流源(32)用以自 •,. - · '丨ν . a “j防止款 … 俾Ν通道電晶體 廢’ s亥順向偏壓又造成固有雙極盤極至射極接點之順向偏 電位因電流通過電阻器26,而盡置之急返。因此,一正 &挪f低日瘦生於電晶體24之源與ρ型 土體(1%極)間形成之二極體之陰極(η+擴散)。Α電位之強 度可由調整電阻器之值’或源注入電流源之相對強度而予 以控制。反之,由電晶體2 4之η +源擴散形成之二極體之陽 極(基體)電位由雪崩產生率及有效基體電阻控制,其在其 他結構參數不.易設計。因此,利用本發明’急返可以控制 而其方式不影響其他在製造程序中需要之實際與電參數。 本發明之特殊具體實例將參考圖4予以詳細說明。 圖4以簡圖方式說明本發明之輸出緩衝器電路20 »輸出 緩衝器電路20為具有ESD保護之輸出緩衝器電路,包括Ρ-通道電晶體22,Ν -通道電晶體24,電阻器26 ’塾30,源注 入電流源3 2,其尚含源注人偏壓電路3 3,及源注入電晶體 34,ESD軌道鉗位器46及二極體48 βΡ-通道電晶體22及Ν-通道電晶體24共同形成一輪出缓衝器電路《Ρ-通道電晶體 22以其耦合至其汲極與阱間之固有二極體28予以說明》Ρ-通道源注入電晶體3 4有一源搞合至墊3 0 ’ 一閘及一没極輕 合至電組器26之一端《ρ-通道電晶體34由源注人電晶體33 所偏壓。 正ESD事件將ESD電流導入通過源、注入電流源(32)用以 之源在事件時升高,因而可防止、電阻器
O:\61\61178.ptc 第9頁 454306 _案號8gUi225 9P车日 修正____ 五、發明說明(6) 源注入偏壓電路33包括P -通道電晶體36及38,電阻器4〇 及44 ’及N -通道電晶體42 °P~通道電晶體36之閘極連接至 VDD,一第一源端點連接至墊3〇,及第二汲極端點。p”通 道電晶體38之/源連接至正電源供應電壓端點VDD,一閘 接至地’及一淚極。電阻器40之第一端點連接至p -通道電 晶體38之汲極,及第二端點《 N-通道電晶體42之汲極連接 至電阻器40之第二端點,一閘極連接至P-通道電晶體36之 第二汲極端點’及一源連接至VSS ^電阻器44之第一端點 接至N -通道電晶體42之閘極’第二端點接至地端sVSS。 ESD轨道鉗位器46及二極體48耦合至VDD與VSS之間。ESD轨 道甜位器46可能為併入電路20之積體電路之固有電容2〇, 或提供在ESD期間VDD及VSS間之放電路徑之主動甜位電 路。一極體48在VSS在二極體電壓降(Vd)在'VDI)之上時導· 電。 , 輸出緩衝器電路正常作業期間,電晶體22及24之閘由内 部電路偏壓,該電路未示於圖4,造成p-通道電晶體2 2或 N_通道電晶體24之一導電以驅動墊30至所需之電壓。源、、主 入偏壓電路33將源注入電晶體34置於不導電狀態,以使漏 電電流最小^ P—通道電晶體36不導電,使N_通道電晶體42 之閘極電塵為低,因而使電晶體4 2不導電β此舉使電阻器 40之第二端點足夠高以使ρ_通道電晶體34為不導電。 1正ESD事件期間,或其他高電壓事件’源注入偏壓電 =33保持Ρ-通道源注入電晶體34為導電狀態^ 通道電晶 6在墊30之電壓超過一閲值電壓降vd{)以上時,造成一 高電壓供至N-通道電晶體42之閘極^ N_通道電晶體乜為導
第10頁 454306 __案號 88119225 ^ 年 月 >Γη - 五、發明說明(7) 電’使Ρ-通道電晶體3 4之閘極被拉低,保使源注入Ρ_電晶 體34為導電。ESD電流之一部份由墊30得導、通過Ρ—通道 電晶體34及電阻器26至VSS °ESD事件其餘電流經卜通道電 晶體22之二極體28至VDD,於是經ESD軌疽甜位器46至 VSS ° 以某些ESD電流通過源注入電晶體34及電阻器26,通 道電晶體24之源電壓即增加,因而升高固有雙極電晶體 (如圖1及圖3說明者)之射極電壓,阻止了固有雙極電晶體 之導電。此亦增加了墊電壓,該電壓可在ESD事件期間建 立,超過時會發生急返,如上所述,其可損壞利用自我對 準矽化物技術構成之積體電路》 電阻器26之電阻上限由N -通道電晶體24之電阻器26造成 之延遲之長度決定》N-通道電晶體24之源電壓之一部份即 足以防止寄生雙極裝置導電,因為基體之接地,故基體電 壓無法升高。卜通道電晶體24僅需—高於基體之二極體電 壓降即可防止雙極急返之發生。在說明之具體實例中,電 阻器26以具有約10歐姆電阻值或更少之電阻器實施。 在另一具體實例中’不用源注入偏壓電路33,p_通道源 注入電晶體34之閘可直接連接至VDI) ^此方案仍可使源注 入電晶體34注入電流至電阻器26 ,電流之量隨VDD與墊3〇 開始升咼時降低。此舉使源注入電晶體3 4之源至閘電壓降 低強度’而使裝置之偏壓解除。但利用源注入偏壓電路3 3 之優點為,如VDD與墊3〇開始移動,保持一足可使?_通道 源注入電晶體34導電之源至閘電壓,因為電晶體36僅需供 應小部份電流以使跨電阻器44之電壓超過N-通道電晶體u
O:\61\61178.ptc 第11頁 454306 _案號 88119225 五、發明說明(8) 年广月 修正 之閾值電壓。電晶體3 6仍然易受到解除偏壓之效應,電阻 器44之值容易調整俾N -通道電晶體42仍然導電,保正電晶 體3 4之閘極夠低,以使P-通道源注入電晶體3 4保持高度導 電。 利用電阻器2 6與由源注入電晶體34與源注入偏壓電路3 3 構成之電流源3 2可在崩潰發生前,大幅擴展缓衝器電路之 ESD範圍,其可使ESD保護電路在裝置失效前更多之邊際作 用0 本發明已經以較佳具體實例予以敘述,對精於此技藝者 可瞭解,本發明可以不同方式修改及有許多上述揭示以外 之其他具體實例。因此,附列之申請專利範圍可涵蓋在本 發明範圍内之本發明之所有修改。
0:\61\61178*ptc 第12頁
Claims (1)
- 454306 _案號 88119225 年Γ月〆fa 修正_ 六、申請專利範圍 1. —種半導體裝置包含: 一端點; —電流源具有第一節點耦合至端點,及第二節點以 提供一電流以響應端點上之靜電放電(E S D ); 第一電阻元件具有第一節點耦合至第一電壓參考節 點,及第二節點耦合至電流源之第二節點;及 —第一電晶體具有控制電極,第一電流電極耦合至 端點,及一第二電流電極耦合至電流源之第二節點。 2. —種半導體裝置包含: —連接墊; 一具有控制節點之N型電晶體,第一電流電極耦合 至連接墊,及一第二電流電極; —具有控制節點之P型電晶體,一第一電流電極耦 合至第一電壓參考端點,一第二電流電極耦合至N型電晶 體之第一電流電極;及 —具有輸出節點之電壓源耦合至N型電晶體之第二 電流電極,以提供一電壓,及一輸入節點耦合至連接墊以 控制電壓源之輸出節點之電壓值。O:\61\61178.ptc 第14頁
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US09/201,392 US6329692B1 (en) | 1998-11-30 | 1998-11-30 | Circuit and method for reducing parasitic bipolar effects during eletrostatic discharges |
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US (3) | US6329692B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4401500B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100717973B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1167132C (zh) |
TW (1) | TW454306B (zh) |
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- 1999-11-30 KR KR1019990053752A patent/KR100717973B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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CN1167132C (zh) | 2004-09-15 |
CN1256516A (zh) | 2000-06-14 |
KR100717973B1 (ko) | 2007-05-16 |
US6329692B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
JP4401500B2 (ja) | 2010-01-20 |
US6373104B1 (en) | 2002-04-16 |
KR20000035771A (ko) | 2000-06-26 |
JP2000174133A (ja) | 2000-06-23 |
US6284616B1 (en) | 2001-09-04 |
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