TW421704B - Plant for liquefying natural gas - Google Patents

Plant for liquefying natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
TW421704B
TW421704B TW088118375A TW88118375A TW421704B TW 421704 B TW421704 B TW 421704B TW 088118375 A TW088118375 A TW 088118375A TW 88118375 A TW88118375 A TW 88118375A TW 421704 B TW421704 B TW 421704B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
natural gas
refrigerant
heat exchanger
cooled
liquefied
Prior art date
Application number
TW088118375A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nagelvoort Robert Klein
Original Assignee
Shell Internattonale Res Mij B
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internattonale Res Mij B filed Critical Shell Internattonale Res Mij B
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW421704B publication Critical patent/TW421704B/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0289Use of different types of prime drivers of at least two refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F25J1/0055Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087Propane; Propylene
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0214Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
    • F25J1/0215Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F25J1/0216Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0274Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0282Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0283Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0292Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Description

4 2 1 7 Ο 4 ^ Α7 _____Β7____ 五、發明說明(/ ) 本發明關於用於一種液化天然氣之裝置。該裝置包括 一具有天然氣之入口與一用於經冷卻之天然氣之出口之天 然氣預冷卻熱交換器、以及包括一含有第'一熱側之液化熟 交換器,其中該第一熱側具有一連結至一用於冷卻天然氣 之出口的入口並在用於液化天然氣之液化熱交換器之頂部 具有出口。該裝置進一步包括一用於從位於天然氣預冷卻 熱交換器中之天然氣中移除熱量之預冷卻冷凍劑迴噔久U 及一用於從流經主熱交換器之第一熱側之天然氣中移除熱 量之液化冷凍劑迴路。 在正常操作時,欲液化之天然氣係在天然氣預冷卻熱 交換器之熱側中藉與在冷側中蒸發之冷凍劑熱交換以預冷 卻。蒸發之冷凍劑係從熱交換器之冷側移除。此蒸發之冷 凍劑係在預冷卻冷凍劑迴路中液化。爲達此目的,冷凍劑 係在壓縮機中壓縮至高壓下,且壓縮熱與蒸發熱係在冷凝 器中移除。使液態之冷凍劑在膨脹閥中膨脹至較低之壓力 ,且在此壓力下,使冷凍劑在天然氣預冷卻熱交換器之冷 側中蒸發。 預冷卻之天然氣係隨後在液化熱交換器之第一熱側中 藉與在主熱交換器之冷側中蒸發之冷凍劑熱交換以進一步 冷卻、液化且過冷卻至約其大氣之沸點。蒸發之冷凍劑係 從液化熱交換器之冷側移除。此蒸發之冷凍劑係在主冷凍 劑迴路中液化。爲達此目的,冷凍劑係在壓縮機中壓縮至 高壓下,且壓縮熱係在數個熱交換器中移除。冷凍劑係然 後冷凝且分離成輕質、氣體餾份與重質、液體餾份,該餾 3 本紙張尺度適財國固家標準(CNS)A4~^格(2W X 297公釐) 421 7 04 A7 B7 五、發明說明( 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 份係在液化熱交換器之分離熱側中進一步冷卻以得到在高 壓下之液化與過冷之餾份。使該過冷之冷凍劑然後在膨脹 裝置中膨脹至較低之壓力,且在此壓力下,使冷凍劑在主 熱交換器之冷側中蒸發。 此裝置通常係稱爲單-線液化裝置。此裝置之設計係使 可以被液化之最大量之氣體係實際上受限於渦輪機所能傳 送之最大功,其中該渦輪機是驅動在預冷卻與主冷凍劑迴 路中之壓縮機。爲了能液化更多之天然氣,必須建造相同 大小之第二線。由二個此種生產線所構成之裝置係稱爲雙_ 線液化裝置。不過,雙-線液化裝置將具有爲單-線液化裝 置之液化能力之二倍之液化能力。因爲此種液化能力之大 量增加並非總是壽要,其只需要得到約40 5約60%之液化 能力之增加。_ 此約40至約60%之液化能力之增加可以藉調降雙-線 液化裝置之生產量至所欲之程度以達成外,此目的可 以藉採用二個較小的生產線以達成,其每一個具有較大的 生產線之最大能力之約70至80%。 本發明之一目的係提供一用於液化天然氣之裝置’其 具有比較大之液化生產線高約40至玲60%之液_化能力’其 中在建造費用上係比由二個、其每一個具有較大的生產線 之最大能力之約70至80%之較小的生產線所構成的裝置的 建造費用低。 爲達成此目的,根據本發明用於液化天然氣之裝置’ 該裝置包括一具有天然氣之入口與一用於經冷卻之天然氣 先 閱 讀 背- 1 事 項 再 ft 訂 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4現格(210 X 297公釐) 421704 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(β ) 之出口的天然氣預冷卻熱交換器、以及包括一具有一連結 至一用於冷卻天然氣之出口的入口並具有至少兩出口的分 配器’以及至少二個主熱交換器,其每一個包括具有連結 至分配器之一出口的一個入口以及用於經液化天然氣之出 口之第一熱側,該裝置進一步含有用於從在天然氣預冷卻 熱交換器之天然氣中移除熱量之預冷卻冷凍节ij迴路,以及 用於從流經相對應之主熱交換器之第一熱側之天然氣中移 除熱量之至少二個主冷凍劑迴路。 本發明現將藉參考所附之圖示之實例以更詳細地說明 ,其中 圖1係顯示根據本發明之液化裝置, 圖2係圖1中所示之預冷卻冷凍劑迴路之替代圖式, 且 圖3係圖2之具體實施例之替代圖式。 #考圖1,根據本發明用於液化天然氣之裝置含有一 天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2、一預冷卻冷凍劑迴路3、一分配 器4、二座主熱交換器5與5’、以及二套主冷凍劑迴路9 與9,〇 天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2具育爲管12形式之熱~側 館具有天然氣之入口 13與經冷卻後之天然氣之出口 14。 胃子12係放置於天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2之冷側或殻側 15中。 分配器4具有藉導管19以連結至用於經冷卻天然氣之 出口 14的入口 18以及具有二個出口 22與23。 本紙張尺度適”國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21Q X 297公爱) Γ l· I Γ[------1* 裝----!11 訂!IJ-線 - I--1/ · <請先閲讀贵面之>i意事項再填於'^頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 421 704 A7 B7 五、發明說明(士) 每一個液化熱交換器5與5’含有具有一入口 26、26’ 之第一熱側25、25’。第一熱側25之入口 26係連結至分配 器4之出口 22且第一熱側25’之入口 26’係藉導管27與27, 以分別連結至出口 23。每一個第一熱側25、25’在液化熱 交換器5、5’之頂部具有用於液化天然氣之出口 28、28’。 第—熱側25 .、25’係位於液化熱交換器5、5’之冷側29、29’ 中,該冷側29、29’具有出口 30、30’。 預冷卻冷凍劑迴路3包括一具有入口 33與出口 34且 以渦輪驅動之預冷卻冷凍劑壓縮機31 °出口 34係藉導管 35以連結至冷卻器36 ’其可以是氣冷式冷卻器或水冷式冷 卻器。.導管35經由形式爲節流閥38之膨脹裝置以延伸至 天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2之冷側15之入口 39 °冷側丨5之 出口 40係藉回流導管41以連結至以渦輪驅動之預冷卻冷 凍劑壓縮機31之入口 33。 預冷卻冷凍劑迴路3並非只用於預冷卻天然氣,其亦 用於預冷卻主冷凍劑迴路9與9’中之冷凍劑。爲達成此目 的,預冷卻迴路3包括額外之迴路43與43’。每一個額外 之迴路43與43’包括具有形式爲節流閥45、45’之膨脹裝置 之導管44、44’以及回流導管46、46’。 每一個液化冷凍劑迴路9、9’包括一具有入口 51、5Γ 與出口 52、52’且以渦輪機驅動之液化冷凍劑壓縮機50、 50’。入口 51、51’係藉回流導管53、53’以連結至液化熱交 換器5、5’之冷側29、29’之出口 30 ' 30’。出口 52、52’係 藉導管54、54’以連結至冷卻器56、56’,其可以是氣冷式 6 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) .Inn.---------裝--------'tr---------線 (請先閱讀嘴面之注意事項再填幕忒頁) Λ217 Ο 4 Α7 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 Β7 五、發明說明(> ) 冷卻器或水冷式冷卻器,以及冷凍劑熱交換器58、58’之熱 側57、57’而至分離器60、60’。每一個分離器60在其較低 端具有用於液體之出口 61、61’且在其較高端具有用於氣體 之出口 62、62’。 每一個液化冷凍劑迴路9、9’進一步包括從出口 61、 61’延伸至第二熱側67、67’之入口之第一導管65、65’、其 係延伸至液化熱交換器5、5’之中點,導管69、69’,膨脹 裝置70、70’與噴嘴73、73’。 每一個液化冷凍劑迴路9、9’進一步包括從出口 62、 62’延伸至第三熱側77、77’之入口之第二導管75、75’、其 係延伸至液化熱交換器5、5’之頂部,導管79、79’,膨脹 裝置80、80,與噴嘴83、83’。 每一個冷凍劑熱交換器58 ' 58’包括一包含有額外之迴 .路 43、43’之冷側 85、85’。 主冷凍劑迴路9、9’彼此相同且主熱交換器5、5’亦彼 此相同係適合地。 在正常操作時,天然氣係經由導管90以供應至天然氣 預冷卻熱交換器2之熱側U之入口 13。預冷卻冷凍劑係 從天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2之冷側15之出口 40移出 一·T5CW輪驅勸"ZW冷1Γ冷麗爾夏福_機—订平昼#—呈高·、茬冷 凝器36中冷凝且在膨脹裝置38中膨脹至低壓。在冷側15 中,膨脹後之預冷卻冷凍劑係在低壓下蒸發且以此方式將 熱量從天然氣中移出。 從熱側14中移出之預冷卻天然氣係經由導管19通過 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) (請先閱讀喈面之注意事項再填ί頁) 裝 1T----!_ 線ucl_lr 4217 04 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 B7 五、發明說明(t ) 分配器4。 預冷卻之天然氣係經由導管27與27’以供應至主熱交 換器5、5’之第一熱側25與25’之入口 26與26’。天然氣在 第一熱側25與25’中液化與過冷卻。過冷卻後之天然氣係 經由導管95與96移出。通過導管27與27’之天然氣量彼 此相同係適當地。過冷卻後之天然氣係送至進一步處理之 單元(未示)且送至儲槽(未示)以儲存液化後之天然氣。 主冷凍劑係從液化熱交換器5、5’之冷側29、29’之出 口 30、30’移出,在以燃氣渦輪機驅動之液化冷凍劑壓縮機 50、50’中壓縮至高壓。壓縮熱係在冷卻器56、56’中移除 且主冷凍劑係在冷凍劑熱交換器58、58’中進一步移除熱量 以得到部份冷凝之冷凍劑。部份冷凝之主冷凍劑係然後在 分離器60、60’中分離成重質、液體餾份與輕質、氣體餾份 ,該餾份係進一步分別在第二熱側與第三熱側67、67’與 77、77’中冷卻以得到在高壓下液化與過冷卻之餾份。該過 冷卻之冷凍劑係然後在膨脹裝置70、70’與80、80’中膨脹 至低壓。在此壓力下,冷凍劑係在液化熱交換器5、5,之冷 側29、29冲蒸發以經由第一冷側25、25’將熱量從天然氣 中移出。 在前述所描述之具體實施例中,預冷卻冷凍劑爲例如 爲是丙烷之單成份冷凍劑、或碳氫化合物成份之混合物或 使用於壓縮冷卻迴路或使用於吸收冷卻迴路之其他適合之 冷凍劑係適當的。主冷凍劑爲含有氮氣、甲烷、乙烷、丙 烷與丁烷之多成份冷凍劑係適當的。 ______ 8 本紙張^度適用中國國家&準WNS)A4規(21〇 X 297公爱)--- I . ------- - ----J I ^-1 I----I 1^. <請先閱讀贵面之注意事項再填ί頁) A7 4217 04 ___B7______ 五、發明說明(7 ) 天然氣預冷卻熱交換器2包括一組二或多個座以串聯 排列之熱交換器係適當的。其中預冷卻冷凍劑係在一或多 個壓力階段下蒸發。冷凍劑熱交換器58、58’包括一組二或 多個座以串聯排列之熱交換器係適當的。其中預冷卻冷凍 劑係在一或多個壓力階段下蒸發。 現參考圖2,其所圖示爲示於圖1之預冷卻冷凍劑迴 路3與額外之迴路43與43’之替代例。圖1中所示之天然 氣預冷卻熱交換器2與冷凍劑熱交換器58、58’係合倂成一 整合之熱交換器102。該整合之熱交換器1〇2具有冷側115 、其中放置有正常操作時天然氣將流通過之熱側12 ’以及 分別附屬於主冷凍劑迴路9與9’之熱側57與57%在此具 體實施例中,合適的預冷卻冷凍劑爲含有氮氣、甲烷、乙 烷、丙烷與丁烷之多成份冷凍劑。在正常操作時,蒸發之 預冷卻冷凍劑係經由導管41從冷側115中移出,藉預冷卻 冷凍劑壓縮機3丨以壓縮至高壓,在冷卻器36中冷卻且供 應至放置於整合之熱交換器102之冷側中之額外熱側143 。預冷卻冷凍劑係在額外之熱側143中靠著蒸發冷凍劑以 液化。液化後之預冷卻冷凍劑係經由配備著爲節流閥146 之形式且可使其膨脹至低壓之膨脹裝置之導管145以從額 外之熱側143中移出。在此較低之壓力下,冷凍劑係經由 噴嘴148以供應至冷側115。 參考顯示圖2之具體實施例之替代例之圖3,其中預 冷卻冷凍劑壓縮機31係二階段壓縮機。二階段壓縮機31 將高壓下之冷凍劑供應至第一階段整合預冷卻熱交換器 il·-----------裝--- _ 1, (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填f頁) ·- --線' 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (210 X 297 公釐〉 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 421704 五、發明說明(f ) 102’之額外之熱側143’中,其中部份的冷凍劑係在中壓下 於冷側115’中蒸發。剩餘者係通過導管150以送至第二階 段整合預冷卻熱交換器102之額外之熱側143中,此冷凍 劑係在低壓下於冷側115中蒸發。天然氣係在第一與第二 階段熱交換器102與102’中預冷卻,其中熱側12係藉導管, 151以互相連接,且每一個液化冷凍劑迴路之液化冷凍劑 係在熱側57與57’中預冷卻。爲了簡捷起見,互相連接後 者之熱側之導管並未顯示。 除了二階段式之外,整合之預冷卻熱交換器亦可以含 有串聯之三階段式。 主熱交換器5、5’可以是任何適當之設計,例如爲捲 軸式熱交換器或板翼式熱交換器》 在參考圖1所描述之具體實施例中,液化熱交換器5 、5’係分別具有第二與第三熱側67、67’與77、77’ β在替 代之具體實施例中,液化熱交換器只具有一個熱側,其中 第二與第三熱側係合倂的。在此例子中部份冷凝之主冷凍 劑係直接供應至第三熱側77、77’,而非分離成重質、液體 餾份與輕質、氣體餾份。 壓縮機31、50與50’可以是具有中間冷卻器之多階段 式之壓縮機、或在二個壓縮機間具有中間冷卻器之串聯壓 縮機之組合、或並聯之壓縮機之組合。 除了渦輪機外,亦可以在預冷卻冷凍劑迴路3以及二 個主冷凍劑迴路9與9’中使用電動馬達以驅動壓縮機31、 50 與 50’。 10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -—--------------mv------ 訂—!-線 (請先閱讀嘴面之注意事項再填f頁) :: —— rr____ 421704 A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 五、發明說明(j ) 在預冷卻冷凍劑迴路中之合適的渦輪機(未示)爲蒸汽 渦輪機。在此例子中,驅動蒸汽渦輪機所需之蒸汽係用從 冷卻主冷凍劑迴路之燃氣渦輪機(未示)之排氣所釋放之熱 量產生係適當的。 本發明提供一用於液化天然氣之可擴充之裝置,其中 在第一階段中係建造一具有100%液化能力之車線,且其中 在第二階段可以加入與第一階段相同大小之第二液化熱交 換器與第二液化冷凍劑迴路以擴充液化能力至介於約140 與約160%間。 預冷卻冷凍劑迴路,現係闱於二座主冷凍劑迴路。結果 天然氣預冷卻之強度可以降低。不過,本發明之優點爲預 冷卻與液化之條件、例如爲冷凍劑之組成可以輕易地適應 以達成有效的操作。再者,若液化迴路之一必須從操作中 移走’則該狀況可以適應一單獨之液化生產線而有效地工 作。 , 以此方式液化能力可以增加而不必須加入第二預冷卻 迴路,且此方式可以節省大量的費用。 計算進一步顯示液化效率(每單位壓縮機所做的功所能 製造的液化氣體量)並未因使用用於二座主冷凍劑迴路之預 冷卻冷凍劑迴路而變差。 圖式主要元件符號說明 2 天然氣欲冷卻熱交換器 3 預冷卻冷凍劑迴路 4 分配器 11 ‘紙張又度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公SE )
.背 項 填 、裝 訂 線 421704 A7 _B7 五、發明說明(/Ο 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 5,5’ 主熱交換器 9,9’ 主冷凍劑迴路 12 管 13 入口 14 出口 15 殻側 18 入口 19 導管 22,23 出口 25,25, 第一熱側 26,26, 入口 27,27' 導管 28,28s 出口 29,29, 冷側 30,305 出口 31 壓縮機 33 入口 34 出口 35 導管 36 冷卻器 38 節流閥 39 入口 40 出口 41 回流導管 12 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫4頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 421704 __B7 五、發明說明(if ) 43,43' 迴路 44,44, 導管 45,45’ 節流閥 46,465 回流導管 50,50’ 壓縮機 51,51, 入口 52,525 出口 53,53' 回流導管 54,545 導管 56,56, 冷卻器 57,575 ' 熱側 58,58s 熱交換器 60,60, 分離器 61,61, 出口 62,62, 出口 65,655 導管 67,67, 第二熱側 69,69’ 導管 70,70, 膨脹裝置 73,73’ 噴嘴 75,75’ 導管 77,77s 第三熱側 79,795 導管 80,80' 膨脹裝置 13 — 1 — — — — — — —— — — — ^^>.1 I I — I I I ^ — — — — — — —— (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫4頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) A7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 421704 B7 五、發明說明(/L) 83,83' 噴嘴 85,85' 冷側 90 導管 95 導管 96 導管 102,102s 熱交換器 115,115’ 冷側 143,143, 熱側 145 導管 146 節流閥 148 噴嘴 150 導管 151 導管 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫彳頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)

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  1. 8888 ABCD 421704 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種用於液化天然氣之裝置,該裝置包括一·具有天 然氣之入口與經冷卻後之天然氣之出口的預冷卻熱交換器 ,包括具有連結至經冷卻後之天然氣之出口的人α以'及具 有至少二個出口之分配器,以及包括至少二個主熱交觀器 ,其每一個含有具有連結至分配器之一出口之一個入口以 及經液化後之天然氣之出口之第一熱側,其中該裝置進一 步包括用於從在預冷卻熱交換器中之天然氣中移除熱量之 預冷卻冷凍劑迴路,以及用於從流經相對應之主熱交換器 之第一熱側之天然氣中移除熱量之至少二個主冷凍劑迴路 0 2. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之用於液化天&氣之裝置 ,其中冷凍劑迴路包括一藉適當之驅動器以驅動之壓縮機 * I 〇 3·根據申請專利範圍第2項之用於液化天然氣之裝置 / 、 ,其中在預冷卻冷凍劑迴路中之壓縮機之驅動器係蒸汽渦: 輪機。 4·根據申請專利範圍第3項之用於液化天然氣之裝置 ,其中在每^個·接:俗冷凍齋迴路中-之壓總襪之驅動器係燃 氣渦輪機,且在正常操作時其中驅動蒸汽渦輪機所需姿蓮 汽係從冷卻主冷凍劑迴路之燃氣渦^機之排氣所釋放之熱 量而產生。 5_根據、申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之用於液化 天然氣之裝置,其中該分配器具有二個出口,該裝置包括 二個主熱交換器以及二個主冷凍劑迴路。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格< 210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、- 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
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