TW387954B - Forming of fiber assembly - Google Patents

Forming of fiber assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
TW387954B
TW387954B TW086118167A TW86118167A TW387954B TW 387954 B TW387954 B TW 387954B TW 086118167 A TW086118167 A TW 086118167A TW 86118167 A TW86118167 A TW 86118167A TW 387954 B TW387954 B TW 387954B
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Taiwan
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fiber assembly
mold
fiber
air
forming
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TW086118167A
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Masanao Yamaguchi
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Teijin Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP32527896A external-priority patent/JP3704547B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP33677196A external-priority patent/JP3696354B2/ja
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Publication of TW387954B publication Critical patent/TW387954B/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D04H1/62Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently at spaced points or locations
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/50Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
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    • D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
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    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
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    • D04H1/558Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in combination with mechanical or physical treatments other than embossing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

經濟部中央橾準局貝工消费合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 【技術領域】 本發明係有關將汽車,航空機等之座位用緩衝構造體 由纖維集合體所成形之方法。尤其,本發明係爲成形由分 散摻入有合成纖維之捲曲短纖維所形成基體(matrix )中 具較該捲曲短纖維更低熔點之黏合劑纖維爲之纖維集合體 ,在模具模孔內塡充該纖維集合體加以加熱成形所用之方 法。 【技術背景】 一般,做爲汽車,航空機等具有複雜形狀之座位用緩 衝材,使用許多低廉之泡沬(urethane foam )。然而,聚 氨酯泡沫爲具有當燃燒時會發生有毒氣體,不容易再循環 使用等之問題,所以殷切希望可替代此之成形材料。 從這些問題,近年,殷切希望有替代尿烷泡沫之材料 。並且,做爲這種材料,使用纖維集合體之緩衝構造體係 成爲可解決上述問題之材料受到了注目。此纖維集合體係 在合成纖維之短纖維所形成之基體中分散摻入較該短纖維 更低熔點之黏合劑纖維者。亦即,將纖維集合體塡充於模 具之模孔內閉合模具之後,而將此熱成形將包含於纖維集 合體中之黏性劑纖維互相進行熱熔著*來形成緩衝構造體 〇 先行技術,對於做爲成形模具內塡充纖維集合體之方 法,例如,採用如下列之方法。亦即,將纖維集合體塊暫 且整形爲一定大小,而將暫且整形之纖維集合體用手塡充 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4规格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) -、?τ φ Α7 ____Β7 _____ 五、發明説明(2 ) ,或由機器人等之自動機械塡充於成型模具模孔內之方法 〇 然而,這種方法係,將纖維集合體暫且整形,其後, 必須將暫*且整形之纖維集合體塡充於模具內。爲此,因需 要暫且整形之多餘製程不僅提高成本,同時,爲了設置暫 且儲存整形之纖維集合體也需要臨時放置場之問題。 爲了解決此種問題,不將纖維集合體做暫且整形而成 爲小片之纖維集合體塊連同加壓之空氣流輸送至成形模具 內之方法,爲例如,揭示於日本國特許公開公報(特開昭 62 - 152407號)。若根據此方法,將沒有暫且整 形之纖維集合體使用輸送機搬運至開纖機,首先加以開纖 。接著,將所開纖之纖維集合體之小塊隨伴著使用鼓風機 所發生之加壓狀態之空氣流塡充、於模具模孔內。像這樣, 塡充於模具之纖維集合體,係由於受到加熱,而由含在纖 維集合體中之黏合纖維將纖維互相牢固地結合,而轉換爲 配合模具形狀之緩衝構造體。 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 (讀先閲讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 然而*先行技術之方式係,不具有判斷塡充於模具模 孔之纖維集合體之塡充結束之檢測機能。因此,先行技術 方式係事先量測塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體之需要量, 而將此所量測之纖維集合體依據各批次塡充。因此,在將 纖維集合體塡充於模具模孔內之前,就必須有事先量測纖 維集合體塡充量之多餘步驟。所以,將粍費多餘人工與時 間,而欲減低成形成本上變成重要之問題。 又,如汽車用緩衝材之情形,若需要由大量生產來減 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) — 經濟部中央標準爲負工消費合作社印裝 A7 B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 低成形成本時,就將纖維集合體塡充於模具模孔內,必須 將加熱,冷卻該纖維集合體爲止之步驟在極短時間內進行 。此時就不必經由複數步驟,在一個模具模孔內完成所有 步驟較佳。做爲這種嘗試,將模具使用具有通氣性材料構 成,藉此對於填充於模具模孔內之纖維集合體中貫流熱風 與冷卻風來成形纖維構造髖(緩衝材)之方法爲,例如揭 示於日本國特許公開公報(特開平7_3 2 4 2 6 6號) 0 然而,若以上述之成形方法,係一般爲熱風到達模具 模孔時將被奪去某些程度之熱量,而具有欲熔化黏合纖維 升溫到充分溫度之時間有很長之問題》又,若欲在短時間 做熱成形時,爲了提升纖維集合體之熱傳達效率必須加快 熱風之送風速度,但是,隨著提高風風速風壓也會上升。 因此,被加熱散失了某程度彈性之纖維集合體將受到變大 之風壓之影響纖維集合體而變成容易變形。這種情形時, 成形後之製品厚度就變薄而具有不能獲得其目的之製品厚 度之問題。並且,模具模孔之中央部係,雖然熱風或冷卻 風爲容易通過,但是,模具模孔之側面部係具有不容易通 過之問題,藉此,成形品之品貧爲中央部與側面部就變成 不同,而可能導致不能獲得均勻成形品之問題之原因。 亦即,纖維集合體在加熱,冷卻循環之過程發生熱收 縮所獲得之緩衝構造體之形狀具有不會變成規定尺寸之問 題。此問題係,尤其爲了從纖維集合體欲獲得緩衝構造體 而縮短加熱,冷卻循環上成爲大的問題,而欲獲得優於品 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先Μ讀背面之注意事項再填寫本f ) 订 -6- 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印策 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(4 ) 質,且較佳形狀之緩衝構造體上成爲急待解決之大問題。 【發明之揭示】 本發明係有關由合成纖維之捲曲短纖維所形成之基體 中分散摻入具有較該短纖維更低熔點之黏合纖維之纖維集 合體轉換爲緩衝構造體之成形方法。 尤其,本發明係對於具有通氣性之模具之模孔內將所 開纖之纖維集合體隨伴著搬運空氣加以塡充,將塡充於該 模具模孔之纖維集合體壓縮至規定之膨鬆密度,而對於被 壓縮之纖維集合體中貫流熱風將黏合纖維加以加熱熔化把 纖維集合體互相部分地互相熔著,再貫流冷卻風加以冷卻 將熔著部硬化結合來獲得緩衝構造體之纖維集合體之成形 方法。 本發明係爲了欲獲得成形緩衝構造體所需之成形時間 與優秀品質,將上述纖維集合體轉換爲緩衝構造體爲止欲 加熱及/或冷卻時,爲了獲得緩衝構造體之最終形狀爲止 留下壓縮裕度至少一次以上階段性及/或連續地壓縮模具 。藉此,緩和纖維集合體之熱收縮,接著,再將壓縮裕度 以模具壓縮,就可獲得如設計般之緩衝構造體之最終形狀 〇 並且,於本發明*其特徼爲:圍繞實質上除了將上述 模具模孔之上下面之側面外周圍形成熱風之旁通路*對於 塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體中貫流熱風,同時,在該旁 通路也同時通過熱風。藉此,在先行技術之方法,若縮短 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐〉 (讀先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
A7 __B7 五'發明説明(5 ) 成形時間時,在模具側面部之纖維集合體之加熱就不足而 不能獲得充分品質之緩衝構造體,就變成充分被加熱,而 可獲得品質優秀者。 並且,在本發明之特徵爲:檢測出隨著進行上述模具 模孔之纖維集合體之塡充所引起之搬運空氣流之壓力變化 ,該壓力變化値到達顯示模具模孔內之纖維集合體之塡完 成之設定値時就停止繊維集合體塡充於模具模孔$。藉此 ,就自動地檢測纖維集合體對於模具模孔之塡充結束,不 必事先秤量塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體之量,而可做到 成形時間之縮短與步驟之簡化。 【圖式之簡單說明】 圖1表示實施本發明方法所用裝置之正面部分剖面圖 〇 經濟部中央標隼局貝工消费合作社印聚 {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 又,圖2係,爲了欲成形如所需形狀之緩衝體構造體 ,表示將纖維集合體留下壓縮裕度進行壓縮之狀態之正面 部分剖面圖。按,圖.2 _ ( A )係留下壓縮裕度而壓縮纖 維集合體之狀態,圖2 - B係爲了欲獲得所需形狀之緩衝 構造體,表示壓縮到最終形狀狀態之說明圖。 並且,圖3係表示從模具模孔所排出之纖維集合體之 搬運氣流之排出方法之平面圖》 並且,圖4係表示先行技術之纖維集合體之成形方法 之正面部分剖面圖。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) -8- A7 B7 五、發明説明(6 ) 纖維集合體 輸送帶 開纖機 送風機 導管 模具模孔 6 上模具 7 致動機 8 下模具 9 致動機 10 成形框 11 送風室 12 送風裝置 13 排風室 14 排風機 15 加熱器 經 濟 部 中 標 準 局 員 工 •消 费 合 作 社 印 製
符號說明 1 2 3 4 5 C (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 16 排風機 1 7 整流構件 18 阻力構件 【實施發明之最佳形態】 於構成本發明之纖維集合體基體之合成纖維之捲曲短 纖維之材料係,並沒有特別限制,例如,聚對苯二甲酸乙 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) 規格(2丨0X297公釐) -9 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明説明(7 ) 二醋(polyethlene terephthalate),聚對苯二甲酸丁嫌( polybutylene terephthalate ),聚對苯二甲酸六甲撐( polyhexamethlene ),聚對苯聚四乙院(polytetraethlyene terephthalate ),聚1,4聚對苯二甲酸二甲基環己烯( dimethlecyclohexane terephthalate ),聚特戊內酯( polypivaractone lactone )或由這些共聚酯所形成之短纖維 ,及這些纖維之混纖維集合體,或上述之聚合物成分中之 2種類以上所構成之複合纖維(共軛纖維)等爲較佳。又 ,短纖維之剖面形狀係無論圓形,扁平,異形或中空之任 一都可以。並且,做爲此時賦與合成纖維之短纖維係顯在 捲曲較佳,顯在捲曲係,可由捲曲箱(criper)等之機械方 法,紡紗時之各向導性冷卻之方法,並列型(side by side method )或偏心皮芯型複合纖維之加熱之方法等所獲得。 另一方面,做爲黏合纖維,例如聚胺酯系彈性體或聚 酯系彈性體纖維,尤其將這些聚合物露出於纖維表面之一 部分之複合纖維爲較佳被使用,該黏合纖維係配合欲成形 之製品之要求性能將適當量分散,摻入於上述基體纖維中 〇 茲邊參照圖面就本發明之實施態樣詳細說明如下。 圖1係表示較佳地實施本發明之方法之裝置者。於該 圖’ 1係纖維集合體,2係輸送帶,3係開纖機,4係送 風機’ 5係導管。在此,纖維集合體1係載置於輸送帶2 上,由該輸送帶2搬運到開纖機3。此際,由開纖機3所 開纖之纖維集合體係隨伴送風機4所發生之搬運空氣流, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) Α4規格(2丨ΟΧ297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、1T. -10- 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印製 A7 __B7 _ 五、發明説明(8 ) 經由導管5搬運到模具模孔C。 茲就使用於本發明之模具之構成說明時,則6 (6a 〜6 c )係分割爲複數之上模具,7係該上模具向上下移 動所用之致動器,8係下模具,9係將該下模具向上下移 動所用之致動器,10係在該上下模具6及8滑動其內壁 面移動所固定設置之成形框。按,上模具6(分割爲6a 〜6 c )雖然表示被分割者,但是,並非必須分割,也可 單體使用。但是,於本發明,所謂「模具模孔」係指由上 下模具6及8與成形框10所形成之模具之成形空間。 構成爲如上之成形模具,其特徵爲;爲了實施本發明 方法之裝置係,除了模具模孔之上下面,設置如圍繞側面 外周部可將熱風及/或冷卻風旁通之旁通通路R。 亦即,向對此旁通通路R通過熱風,就可對於該側面 部之外周側熱風所具熱量可充分交給於纖維集合體。因此 ,如沒有設置旁通通路之先行技術通過模具模孔C中央部 與側面部之熱風風量或風速之相異與起因於加熱斑之成形 斑之發生由該旁通通路R可巧妙地加以解決。 又,本發明之方法之其他大的特徵係,於上述之熱風 之送風系,在熱風到達模具模孔C與旁通通路R爲止之時 段,不至於失去當初所具之熱量,就可對於模具模孔C內 與旁通通路R送風。爲了達成此目的,本發明係將從熱風 奪去熱量之要因之送風機11或送風導管之壁面附設加熱 器1 5,而加熱控制爲事先規定之溫度。藉此,也不必加 快送到模具模孔C之熱風風速,而可將規定量之熱量給與 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CMS > A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本页)
-11 - 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印褽 A7 _____B7 五、發明説明(9 ) 塡充於模具模孔C之纖維集合體。這種加熱器1 5係如圖 1所示,也可設於送風機1 1或送風配管之內壁面,又, 也可設於外壁面。在此,重要之事爲必須使熱風之溫度不 會降低到較容許値爲低,若可達成此目的之加熱手段時, 也可使用電熱器等直接加熱上述壁面,又,也可以或加熱 封入於外套內之熱媒等發生熱媒蒸氣,藉此間接性地加熱 之方式。 並且,於圖1所示之裝置,係設有檢測對於模具模孔 C之纖維集合體隨藉進行塡充所引起之搬運氣流之壓力變 化之壓力錶P 1〜P3。此壓力錶P 1〜P3係爲了監視 隨著塡充進行之搬運氣流之壓力變化値爲顯示達到對於模 具模孔內塡充完成纖維集合體之數値所裝設者。亦即,壓 力錶P 1係檢測導管4之壓力,壓力錶P 2係檢測模具模 孔C之纖維集合體與搬運氣流之入口側壓力,並且,壓力 錶P 3係可檢測排風室之壓力。按,做爲這樣之壓力錶係 可較佳地使用隔膜式壓力錶或液體壓力計(manometer )等 ,尤其可檢測微小壓力變化之壓力計較佳。又,壓力錶 P 1與P 2,係如本實施態樣裝設2個較佳,但是,也可 設於只一方。又,視其需要也可以在除此之外之處所(例 如,上下模具6及7之中間位置等)安裝一個以上之壓力 檢測器,而取入這些資訊,而綜合性地判斷這些資訊。 於該裝置,纖維集合體1係上下模具6及7向上下開 啓之狀態(圖1所示狀態)而由連同送風機4所發生之搬 運氣流塡充於模具模孔C。此時’同時由排風機1 6被送 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -12- 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 ___B7 五、發明説明(10 ) 到模具模孔C內之搬運氣流係經由兼做排風室之旁通通路 R排風。並且,當對於模具模孔C之纖維集合體之塡充結 束時,將上下模具6及7分別向下方向及上方向移動,將 塡充於模具模孔C之纖維集合體壓縮到規定之膨鬆密度。 於以上所說明之本發明之方法係,將塡充於模具模孔 C內之纖維集合體由上下模具6及7,預估成形纖維集合 體時之熱收縮爲重要之事。亦即,並非成形纖維集合體後 所獲得之緩衝構造體之最終形狀爲止一口氣地壓縮,而經 由留下壓縮裕度之預備壓縮步驟爲必要之事。 亦即,隨伴由送風機4所發生之搬運氣流對於模具模 孔C塡充纖維集合體爲止之步驟係仍如先行技術就可以, 但是,於閉合纖維集合體之噴入口而壓縮模具之步驟,成 形後所獲得之緩衝構造體之最終形狀之前面停止壓縮,而 留下壓縮裕度。 茲關於此,邊參照圖2詳細說明如下。首先,圖2( A)係表示塡充於模具模孔C內之嫌維集合體爲留下壓縮 裕度(L )而至少一次以上階段性地及/或連續性地壓縮 後之狀態。此狀態係將所分割之上模具6 a〜6 c使用致 動器7 a〜7 c向下方移動就可加以具體化。按,到留下 壓縮裕度(L )位置欲壓縮纖維集合體時,雖然也可複數 次階段性地壓縮,但是,通常爲壓縮到一次就留下上述壓 縮裕度(L)之位置。並且,像這樣留下壓縮裕度(L) 之狀態下,在模具模孔C與旁通通路R內貫流熱風將纖維 集合體升溫到規定溫度。藉此,選擇性地熔化黏合纖維, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210Χ297公嫠) (請先閲讀背面之注意^項再填寫本頁) 、?τ -13- 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印繁 A7 ___B7_ 五、發明説明(11 ) 而與基體纖維或其他黏合纖維進行熱熔著。 像這樣留下壓縮裕度之多段壓縮,纖維集合體在成形 步驟中,發生熱收縮,可防止由最終可獲得之緩衝構造體 之最終形狀發生收縮。若不經由這種壓縮步驟將纖維集合 體即使轉換爲緩衝構造體,不赘言不能獲得所需形狀之成 形品。尤其,即使欲收縮成形時間而進行短時間壓縮時, 這種缺點就會表面化。因此,成形時間即使外表上看去來 變長,本發明之留下壓縮裕度之壓縮步驟係,結果上縮短 成形時間變成獲得品質良好之緩衝構造體上爲必須之情形 〇 此後,循環冷卻風,冷卻成形品在纖維集合體固定部 分所發生之熔著部。在此冷卻步驟將模具到可獲得緩衝構 造體之最終形狀之位置爲止,將上模具6及/或下模具7 向壓縮方向至少一次以上階段性地及/或連續性地壓縮。 在此,雖然上述壓縮可使用複數次實施,但是,通常爲一 次就可以。像這樣地,將冷卻空氣貫流於纖維集合體中將 纖維集合體冷卻到規定之溫度,而可硬化由於形成於纖維 集合體中之黏合纖維之熔著部。於是,致動器9下模具8 就被向下方移動•由於成形品爲從模具模孔C內取出,而 完成一個成形循環,接著模具移動至規定位置而將纖維集 合體準備收容於模具孔中》並且,開始輸送帶上之纖維集 合體以開纖狀態下開始於塡充在模具孔內步驟之下一成形 循環。 按,做爲上述壓縮裕度(L),係成形完成後所獲得 本紙張尺度適用中國國家橾準(CNS〉A4说格(2丨Ο X :297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
-14- A7 _______B7_ 五、發明説明(12 ) 之緩衝構造體之膨鬆密度或厚度等要因而發生變化,但是 ’通常爲5〜1 0 Omm之範圍較佳。因爲,若壓縮裕度 (L )爲未滿5mm時,熱成形時之纖維集合體之收縮就 變大,而較規定之成形品厚度更薄,而不容易轉印規定模 具形狀。又,若將壓縮裕度(L)較100mm爲大時, 實質上將貫流熱風之正前不得不將纖維集合體之膨鬆密度 變小。所以,熱風之貫流阻力變化,或受到模具模孔之中 央部與側面部所受到之風壓之差異而容易發生變成壓力爲 不宜》 如以上,進行緩衝構造體之成形步驟,但是,本 發明之方法,其特徵爲將對於模具模孔C之纖維集合體之 塡充完成之判斷爲自動地進行。以下,就這一點詳細說明 如下。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印袋 (讀先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 於纖維集合體之塡充中,模具模孔內之壓力係,由於 由壓力計P 1〜P 3所檢測。在此,塡充開始前,亦即, 對於模具模孔內沒有塡充纖維集合體之狀態下,從模具模 孔C之纖維集合體噴入口 E到旁通通路R,順利地流動搬 運氣流。此時,在另一方爲,從送風機3空氣流以加壓狀 態供給於纖維集合體噴入口 E。又,他方,在從該噴入口 E所對向側之旁通通路R係由排風機16排風機16吸引 空氣,在模具模孔內成爲空氣阻力之纖維集合體1爲還沒 有塡充。所以,在塡充開始前,就從纖維集合體噴入口 E 到旁通通路R之壓力差爲小。 然而,隨著對於模具模孔內塡充纖維集合體1時,所 塡充之纖維集合體1爲開始形成空氣之通過阻力體,慢慢 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揉準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -15- 經濟部中央標準局負工消費合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明(13 ) 地空氣之通過阻力會上升。隨此,從纖維集合體噴入口 E 到旁通通路R之搬運氣流之壓力損失就變大,隨此漸漸地 從纖維集合體噴入口E到旁通通路R之壓力差就會變大。 亦即,一方之纖維集合體噴入口係,所塡充冷纖維集合體 爲對於空氣之流動會成爲阻力體發生作用,所以,隨著塡 充之進行空氣之流動就變不良而導致提高壓力之結果。所 以,較塡充開始時之其壓力値(由壓力計P 1及/或P 2 所檢測)將會增加到1 0〜1 0 0 m m A q程度。又,他 方之排風室側之壓力値(由壓力計P 3所檢測)係,從模 具模孔C向排風機1 6空氣之流動慢慢地減少之結果*變 成負壓較初期之壓力檢測値會降低10〜1OOmmAQ 程度。 像這樣地,由於監視壓力値之變化,檢測在模具模孔 C內完全塡充纖維集合體1之事,但是,塡充完成之判斷 係判斷上述之壓力計P 1〜P 3之壓力檢測値事先由實驗 等所求取之設定値是否達到設定値。按,這種判斷係作業 員將壓力計P 1〜P 3所指示之壓力値以目視監視就可進 行。然而,一般爲,使用公知之自動控制機器,將從壓力 計P 1〜P 3之壓力檢測値變換爲電氣訊號,將由該電氣 訊號自動地判斷塡充完成之控制方式較佳。但是’變成塡 充完成之判斷基準之壓力設定値係由於依據塡充於模具模 孔C之纖維集合體1之膨鬆密度,模孔大小,對於模具模 孔C噴入空氣壓力等之條件而改變,所以,必須配合這些 條件事先由實驗等求取。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) (讀先閲讀背面之注意項再填寫本頁) 袭· 訂 -16- 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印装 A7 B7 五、發明説明(14) 接著,依據先行技術之空氣噴入之纖維集合體之塡充 方式係具有「隨伴纖維集合體之氣流之風速變大之模具模 孔C之中心部係過剩地塡充纖維集合體,他方,風速與中 央部比較相對性地變小之側面部爲不容易充分塡充纖維集 合體」之問題,係如上述。爲了解決此問題,本發明係採 取以下所述之手段,有關於此參照圖3詳細說明如下。 圖3 (A)〜(E)係表示對於模具模孔C之纖維集 合體之塡充狀況之圖1之部分平面圖。按,該圖係爲了使 說明更加容易了解以模式方式表示,又,於該圖纖維集合 體係以剖面線(斜線)表示。 在此,(A)圖係表示由先行技術之空氣噴入法之塡 充狀況者,隨伴纖維集合體1之氣流之風速分布係,如圖 中央部爲大,而側面部爲變小。所以,纖維集合體1之塡 充爲在模具模孔C之中央部進行者居多,而發生在側面部 不太進行之情形發生。爲了解決這種問題,如圖(B )所 示,在不容易塡充纖維集合體之模具模孔之側面部事先塡 充纖維集合體於模具。然而,這種方法係明顯地需要人工 與多餘之步驟,所以導致成形成本之提高而不宜。 因而,本發明係,將從模具模孔C所排出之空氣之風 速分布在流路剖面內變成均勻化,爲此之手段如圖(C ) 〜(E )圖所示,設有整流構件1 7,做爲這種整流構件 1 7係可使用開孔板,蜂巢狀板,金屬網,編織物,多孔 性且具有通風性之燒結體等,又,也可將這些組合複數種 及/或複數個使用。並且,其材質係可使用金屬,陶瓷* 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4规格(210X297公釐) # - « IJ— I — —— {請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -17· 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 _B7 五、發明説明(15 ) 塑膠等。亦即,將在搬運氣流之排氣側之流速分布如(C )〜(E)圖所示,可平均化在中央部與側面部,使用具 有與流速分布相反地在中央部其通過阻力爲大,而在側面 部通過阻力爲小性質之構件就可以。像這樣,如(D)圖 所示,若依據本發明之方法,纖維集合體1係從模具模孔 C之最內側依序均句地塡充。因此,如先行技術方式在中 央部偏移纖維集合體之塡充,也不需要在側面部事先將纖 維集合體塡充於模具。 並且,本發明之其他實施形態係,在模具模孔C之空 氣吸引面設阻力構件,而將在空氣吸引面之纖維集合體之 膨鬆密度控制成所需之膨鬆密度。做爲這種阻力構件1 8 係使用與整流構件1 7同樣之材料。但是,在上下模具6 及7由於將加上加熱步驟,若使用塑膠時就必須考慮耐熱 性與耐久性,又,由於必須沿著模具面,使用容易彎曲加 工之板狀材料較佳。 在此’關於上述阻力構件1 8,邊參照(E )圖詳細 說明如下。本發明人係得悉了使用空氣噴入法以纖維集合 體之塡模方法係較纖維集合體之噴入壓力若吸引壓力大時 就在模具之吸引面纖維集合體之塡充密度會發生升高之情 形。 亦即,噴入於模具模孔之纖維集合體係碰到模具模孔 之最內部,而從此最內部開始堆積,但是,在此碰衝面( 設阻力構件1 8之面),係如圖1所示,同時作用有由排 風機1 6之吸引力。並且,此吸引力係與模具模孔C之側 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS )八4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 -18 - A7 B7 五、發明説明(16 ) 效果。 1 8,同時 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 面部比較也具有強勁吸引力。因此,堆積於碰衝面之纖維 集合體之膨鬆密度係不得不變大。於是,本發明之實施形 態係,在吸引力變強勁之面(相當於碰衝面)設阻力構件 1 8,使其較其他部分(相當於側面)降低吸引力。藉此 .於模具模孔C之側面部,較碰衝面部相對性地增強吸引 力,即使於纖維集合體之塡充困難之側面部,·^可發揮將 纖維集合體以所需之膨鬆密度塡充之極爲顯著之 又,在模具模孔C之吸引面安裝阻力構件 ,從模具模孔c外側所吸引之吸引力改變爲繊te集合體之 塡充步驟中,將塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體控制成所需 之塡充密度》亦即,將模具模孔之吸引面之轉速變成較塡 充初期變小,來防止初期塡充密度變高之方法者。 做爲此之手段,將做爲吸引作用源之排風機1 6之驅 動馬達轉數使用變頻器控制之方法,或採用在旁通通路R 與排風機16間安裝風量控制用之擋板等之方法。按,在 模具模孔C之上下面,係如後述藉壓縮模具就可控制成規 定之膨鬆密度,所以,不需要這種對策。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消費合作社印装 由於採用如上述之方法,可對於模具模孔C之各部位 將纖維集合體1以所需之膨鬆密度塡充,視其需要將塡充 之完成由上述之壓力計P 1〜P 3確認之後,立即停止纖 維集合體1之塡充而移至下一步驟。亦即,對於模具模孔 內將規定之纖維集合體完全塡充之後,閉合纖維集合體之 噴入口,將上下模具6及7啓動致動器8及9向壓縮方向 移動,將纖維集合體壓縮到規定之膨鬆密度來結束塡模步 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) -19- A7 __B7_____ 五、發明説明(17 ) 驟。 (讀先聞讀背面之注意事項再填商本頁) 並且,爲了形成塡充於上述模具模孔C之纖維集合體 ,設有送風熱風及/或冷卻風所用之送風裝置1 2,從該 送風裝置12向下模具模孔C與旁通通路R下面從送風機 1 1送入加熱空氣及/或冷卻空氣》按,做爲冷卻風,處 於通常室溫狀態之空氣爲較佳地使用,但是,若容許某程 度之成本上升時,也可使用冷卻裝置進行強迫性地冷卻之 空氣。又,在模具模孔C與旁通通路R上面設有排風室 1 3,而構成爲從該上面熱風及/或冷卻風由排風機1 4 所排風。在此,做爲本發明之熱風及/或冷卻風,使用空 氣爲容易可獲得及可減低成形成本上爲較佳,但是,也可 使用氮氣等之氣體。 如以上說明·若依據本發明,使模具之升溫時間變成最 短,並且,在成形時貫流於塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體 中之熱風之偏流或風壓之影響可抑制爲最低限度。並且, 由這些效果可獲得沒有成形斑而品質優秀之成形品之極爲 顯著之效果。 經濟部中央標準局貝工消费合作社印製 本紙張尺度適用中國國家梯率(CNS ) A4規格(210Χ2ζ»7公嫠) -20-

Claims (1)

  1. 經濟部中央標準局負工消费合作社印». B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 1 ♦一種纖維集合體之成形方法,其係爲了成形由合 成纖維之捲曲短纖維所構成之基體中分散摻入有較該短纖 維更低熔點之黏合纖維之纖維集合體,對於具有通氣性之 模具模孔內將開纖之該纖維集合體隨伴搬運空氣加以塡充 ’將塡充於該模具模孔之嫌維集合體壓縮到規定膨鬆密度 ’對於被壓縮之纖維集合體中貫流熱風加熱熔化黏合纖維 將纖維集合體互相部分地做互相熔著,並且藉貫流冷卻風 加以冷卻將熔著部硬化結合來獲得緩衝構造體,於纖維集 合體之成形方法,其特徵爲; 將上述織維集合體轉換爲緩衝構造體爲止之加熱及冷 卻時,直到獲得緩衝構造體之最終形狀爲止留下壓縮裕度 至少一次以上階段性地及/或連續性地壓縮模具來緩和纖 維集合體之熱收縮,接著藉將壓縮裕度由模具壓縮,來獲 得緩衝構造體之最終形狀。 2 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中圍繞實質上除了上述模具模孔上下面之側面外周 部形成熱風之旁通通路,對於塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合 體貫流熱風,同時,在該旁通通路R同時通過熱風。 3 .根據申請專利範圍第2項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中熱風達到上述模具模孔與旁通通路時爲止設置防 止熱風溫度減低之加熱器,由該加熱器不至於降低熱風之 初期貫流溫度而維持爲一定之溫度。 4 .根據申請專利範圍第1項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中隨著對於上述模具模孔之纖維集合體進行塡充, 本紙張尺度遑用中國*家揉率(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐)· 21 - — ―J------- (請先閱讀背面之注^.項再4寫本頁) 訂 經濟部中央揉準局負工消费合作社印轚 387954 六、申請專利範圍 檢測搬運空氣流之壓力變化,該壓力變化値爲到達顯示對 於模具模孔之纖維集合體之塡充完成之設定値時停止對於 模具模孔內之嫌維集合體之塡充。 5 ·根據申請專利範圍第4項之纖維集合體之成形方 法’其中檢測出從上述模具模孔內之空氣從外側吸引,由 搬運空氣對於模具模孔噴入嫌維集合體側之吸入空氣流之 壓力上升値,與吸引模具模孔外側之吸引壓力下降値,由 該噴入壓力與吸引壓力之壓力差,來控制對於模具模孔塡 充之纖維集合體之分量。 6 .根據申請專利範圍第4項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中裝設整流從上述模具模孔外側所吸引之空氣流動 之整流構件,將該模具模孔所排出之空氣之風速分布在流 路剖面內使其變成均勻化。 7.根據申請專利範圍第4項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中在模具模孔之空氣吸引面設置阻力構件,將在空 氣吸引面之纖維集合體之膨鬆密度控制成所需膨鬆密度。 8 .根據申請專利範圍第4項之纖維集合體之成形方 法,其中改變將從上述模具模孔之外側所吸引之吸引力在 纖維集合體之塡充步驟,將塡充於模具模孔之纖維集合體 控制成所需之塡充密度。 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家楳率(CNS)A4规格(210x297公簸)-22- (請先閱讀背面之注$項再填寫本頁) 訂
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