TW202203901A - 肌肉增強劑 - Google Patents
肌肉增強劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202203901A TW202203901A TW110111280A TW110111280A TW202203901A TW 202203901 A TW202203901 A TW 202203901A TW 110111280 A TW110111280 A TW 110111280A TW 110111280 A TW110111280 A TW 110111280A TW 202203901 A TW202203901 A TW 202203901A
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- muscle
- polyamine
- yeast
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- enhancing agent
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Abstract
一種肌肉增強劑,其包含多元胺與支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分。
Description
本發明係關於肌肉增強劑。
對於增強肌肉,即,增加及維持肌肉量或肌力,再者,抑制肌肉量或肌力的降低而言,需要適切的營養攝取及運動兩者。又,從營養攝取之方面而言,對於增強肌肉而言,一般認為重要的是提升對營養的攝取量之吸收量,或提升所吸收之胜肽或胺基酸轉換成肌蛋白質之生體機能效率。
但是,作為肌肉增強劑,已知一般係使用類固醇劑或生長激素,例如使用環戊丙酸睪固酮(testosterone cypionate)或甲基睪固酮等同化類固醇(蛋白同化類固醇)。然而,該種肌肉增強劑亦有對肌肉以外之部分進行作用之疑慮,同時亦具有血壓/膽固醇值上升或肝障礙等副作用的問題。
因此,亦已針對特別聚焦於安全性之肌肉增強劑進行研究開發,已報導例如利用橄欖萃取物等(例如專利文獻1)。如此,一般認為只要可提供聚焦於安全性之肌肉增強劑,便可廣泛地利用於運動中之運動能力的提升、肥胖或代謝症候群的預防或改善、瘦身等。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
專利文獻1:日本專利特表2010-505784號公報
[發明所欲解決之課題]
本發明係有鑑於上述問題點而完成,其目的為提供可期望提升對營養的攝取量之吸收量,或提升所吸收之胜肽或胺基酸轉換成肌蛋白質之生體機能效率之新穎的肌肉增強劑。
[解決課題之手段]
本發明者等人為了解決上述課題而致力檢討。其結果,發現藉由併用多元胺與支鏈胺基酸,便可解決上述課題,遂完成本發明。
即,本發明係如下。
[1]
一種肌肉增強劑,其含有多元胺與支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分。
[2]
如[1]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,多元胺係選自腐胺、亞精胺及精胺所構成的群中之1種以上。
[3]
如[2]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,肌肉增強劑每1g,含有亞精胺1mg/g以上。
[4]
如[1]〜[3]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,多元胺係源自酵母。
[5]
如[4]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其係含有含多元胺之酵母作為多元胺。
[6]
如[5]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,相對於肌肉增強劑1g,以乾燥質量計含有200〜800mg之含多元胺之酵母。
[7]
如[5]或[6]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,在水分6.0%以下的乾燥質量中,含有亞精胺1mg/g以上。
[8]
如[5]〜[7]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,進而含有結晶性多糖類。
[9]
如[8]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,酵母與結晶性多糖類的質量比為1:0.1〜1。
[10]
如[4]〜[9]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,酵母係屬於酵母(Saccharomyces)屬之酵母。
[11]
如[1]〜[10]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,支鏈胺基酸係選自L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸所構成的群中之1種以上。
[12]
如[11]所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,以L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸的合計作為100質量份時,
包含L-纈胺酸20〜30質量份、L-白胺酸40〜60質量份、L-異白胺酸20〜30質量份。
[13]
如[1]〜[12]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,相對於肌肉增強劑1g,以乾燥質量計含有200〜800mg之支鏈胺基酸。
[14]
一種組成物,其含有[1]〜[13]中任一項所記載之肌肉增強劑。
[15]
如[14]所記載之組成物,其係飲食品形態。
[發明效果]
根據本發明,可提供可期望提升對營養的攝取量之吸收量,或提升所吸收之胜肽或胺基酸轉換成肌蛋白質之生體機能效率之新穎的肌肉增強劑。
以下,針對本發明之實施的形態(以下,稱為「本實施形態」。)詳細地進行說明,但本發明並不限定於此,在不會脫離其主旨之範圍中能夠進行各式各樣的變形。
[肌肉增強劑]
本實施形態之肌肉增強劑包含多元胺與支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分,亦可視需要包含結晶性多糖類等其他添加劑。
屬於持有2個以上一級胺基之直鏈狀的生體內脂肪族烴之多元胺對細胞的活化具有較高的效果,包含該等之食品類已被提供。作為多元胺的生理作用,係已知細胞增殖作用、細胞分化促進作用、免疫必需因子、抗過敏作用、蛋白質合成促進作用、經由與核酸之相互作用所得之結構的安定化、酵素活性調節作用等。此次,已瞭解藉由併用此種多元胺與支鏈胺基酸,便可提供新穎的肌肉增強劑。以下,針對各成分進行詳述。
(多元胺)
所謂多元胺,係鍵結有複數個胺基之直鏈脂肪族烴的總稱,作為其例,可列舉腐胺、亞精胺、精胺、1,3-二胺基丙烷、屍胺、降亞精胺(caldine)、高亞精胺(homospermidine)、胺基丙基屍胺、熱胺(thermine)、熱精胺(thermospermine)、刀豆四胺(canavalmine)、胺基戊基降亞精胺、N,N-雙(胺基丙基)屍胺、高精胺(homospermine)、嗜熱性五胺(caldopentamine)、高嗜熱性五胺(homocaldopentamine)、嗜熱性六胺(caldohexamine)、高嗜熱性六胺(homocaldohexamine)亞精胺等。此等之中,較佳為腐胺、亞精胺及精胺。此種多元胺係細胞活化能力較高,體內利用率較高,在機能性之方面優異。特定而言,亞精胺係其容許一日攝取量高於精胺,在更大量地攝取上屬較佳。再者,藉由使用此種多元胺,經由與支鏈胺基酸併用所得之肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。
肌肉增強劑每1g之多元胺的含量較佳為1mg/g以上,更佳為1~10mg/g,再佳為1~5mg/g。藉由使多元胺的含量為上述範圍內,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。另外,多元胺的含量不限於上述,可在亞精胺等具體的化合物中之容許一日攝取量的範圍中使用。
作為多元胺的製造方法,並無特別限制,係已知例如將酵母菌體或酵母培養液在酸性條件下進行處理並加以調製之方法,或將植物素材在酸性條件下進行處理並加以萃取之方法,在植物素材中加入食鹽、氯化鎂、氯化鈣等鹽溶液而製造多元胺萃取物之方法,或諸如國際公開2018/168525所例示之獲得含多元胺之酵母之方法。
此等之中,本實施形態中所使用之多元胺較佳係源自酵母,更佳係使用含多元胺之酵母作為多元胺。此外,作為酵母,可使用屬於酵母(Saccharomyces)屬之酵母,較佳為釀酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)。藉由使用此種多元胺,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。在此情況,酵母每1g(乾燥質量)可含有1.5mg以上,較佳為2.0mg以上,更佳為2.5mg以上的多元胺。
另外,在本實施形態中,所謂「乾燥質量」,在沒有特別指明之情況,係指水分6.0%以下之情況之質量。
包含多元胺之乾燥酵母係藉由利用過濾或離心分離機從包含酵母之培養基中取出菌體並加以乾燥而獲得。為了去除培養基成分,亦可施行洗淨。另外,在酵母的乾燥中,可使用噴霧乾燥、減壓乾燥、凍結乾燥等,熟習該項技術者可配合目的而適宜選擇乾燥方法。
此外,肌肉增強劑中所含有之多元胺可以多元胺的化合物之形式進行添加,亦可以如上述般之含多元胺之酵母之形式進行添加。此等之中,較佳係以含多元胺之酵母之形式進行添加。
此外,在將多元胺以含多元胺之酵母之形式添加至肌肉增強劑中之情況,其乾燥質量係肌肉增強劑每1g,較佳為200~800mg,更佳為300~700mg,再佳為400~600mg。藉由使含多元胺之酵母的乾燥質量為上述範圍內,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。另外,多元胺的含量不限於上述,可在亞精胺等具體的化合物中之容許一日攝取量的範圍中使用。
再者,在以含多元胺之酵母之形式進行添加之情況,在水分6.0%以下的乾燥質量中,亞精胺的含量係肌肉增強劑每1g,較佳為0.8mg/g以上,更佳為0.9mg/g以上,再佳為1mg/g以上。藉由使含多元胺之酵母的乾燥質量為上述範圍內,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。此外,以含多元胺之酵母之形式進行添加之情況中之亞精胺的含量之上限並無特別限制,較佳為10mg/g以下,更佳為5mg/g以下。
(支鏈胺基酸)
所謂支鏈胺基酸(BCAA;Branched Chain Amino Acid),係無法在人體內進行合成之9種必需胺基酸之中,選自L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸所構成的群中之1種以上的總稱,其係成為肌肉的能量源之重要的營養素。支鏈胺基酸係在肉、魚、乳製品及蛋等中大量含有,但由於以蛋白質之形式從食品中進行攝取,因而直至分解成支鏈胺基酸並被吸收為止,需要數小時。從而,為了有效率地吸收支鏈胺基酸,依原樣攝取支鏈胺基酸係較有效。
本實施形態之肌肉增強劑較佳係各自包含L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸作為支鏈胺基酸。此情況之L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸的質量比較佳係以L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸的合計作為100質量份時,包含L-纈胺酸20~30質量份、L-白胺酸40~60質量份、L-異白胺酸20~30質量份。藉由以此種質量比包含支鏈胺基酸,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。
此外,本實施形態之肌肉增強劑中所包含之支鏈胺基酸的含量係相對於肌肉增強劑1g,以乾燥質量計較佳為200~800mg,更佳為300~700mg,再佳為400~600mg。藉由使支鏈胺基酸的含量為上述範圍內,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。
支鏈胺基酸的製造方法並無特別限定,可以發酵法、合成法、精製法等予以製造,可利用市售者。本發明中所使用之支鏈胺基酸可使用該等一般的支鏈胺基酸。
(結晶性多糖類)
本實施形態之肌肉增強劑亦可包含結晶性多糖類。藉由包含結晶性多糖類,除了可對肌肉增強劑賦予流動性或脫臭性以外,亦可對多元胺或含多元胺之酵母賦予安定性。此外,亦被認為會抑止脂肪吸收,有助於肌肉增強效果。
作為結晶性多糖類,並無特別限制,可列舉例如澱粉、糊精、肝醣及纖維素等天然以結晶性固體之形式存在之多糖。此等之中,屬於具有環狀結構之糊精之環糊精可適合地使用作為結晶性多糖類。在環糊精中有α、β、γ型,皆能夠使用作為結晶性多糖類。此等之中,較佳為α-環糊精、γ-環糊精。其他糊精,例如難消化性糊精亦可使用於本發明之組成物。
藉由將高量含多元胺之酵母與結晶性多糖類進行組合,可使安定地操作酵母變得容易。酵母與結晶性多糖類之混合可藉由乾式混合、濕式混合中之任何方法。在以濕式混合施行之情況,可將糖類進行滅菌處理並與酵母進行混合後,加以乾燥。此外,亦可不以乾燥酵母之形式進行混合,而以未乾燥之酵母之形式進行混合後,加以乾燥。再者,亦可將酵母進行培養後,以離心分離進行集菌/濃縮,於其中加入結晶性多糖類之後,藉由將其進行噴霧乾燥而將酵母與結晶性多糖類進行混合。
結晶性多糖類的含量係相對於肌肉增強劑1g,較佳為30~500mg,更佳為40~400mg,再佳為50~300mg。藉由使結晶性多糖類的含量為上述範圍內,肌肉增強效果有更加提升之傾向。
此外,在使用含多元胺之酵母之情況,含多元胺之酵母的乾燥質量與結晶性多糖類的質量比較佳為1:0.1~3,更佳為1:0.1~2,再佳為1:0.1~1。藉由使含多元胺之酵母的乾燥質量與結晶性多糖類的質量比為上述範圍內,除了含多元胺之酵母的安定性更加提升以外,尚可一定程度確保肌肉增強劑中之多元胺,特定而言,亞精胺的含量,因而可以適切的攝取量獲得肌肉增強劑的效果。
[組成物]
本實施形態之組成物包含上述肌肉增強劑。其用途並無特別限制,例如不僅是多種一般飲食品,還可用於以需要營養強化之個體,特定而言,需要細胞的活性之個體能夠攝取之方式標示機能性之飲食品或醫藥品、醫藥用部外品、化妝品。
作為此種飲食品,並無特別限制,可列舉例如特定保健用飲食品、營養機能飲食品、機能性標示飲食品、保健機能飲食品、特別用途飲食品、營養輔助飲食品、健康輔助飲食品、補充品、美容用飲食品、其他健康用飲食品。
[實施例]
以下,使用實施例及比較例更具體地說明本發明。本發明不受以下實施例任何限定。
(被檢測食品的調製)
(膠囊A)
作為支鏈胺基酸,係以L-纈胺酸:L-白胺酸:L-異白胺酸成為1:2:1的質量比之方式調製BCAA劑。將屬於含亞精胺之酵母食品之三菱氣體化學公司製的Elion SP(註冊商標)123mg與所調製而得之BCAA劑112mg進行混合,裝入2號硬膠囊中,而調製膠囊A。另外,使Elion SP(註冊商標)中之含亞精胺之酵母以乾燥質量計成為100mg。此外,含亞精胺之酵母的乾燥質量每1g之亞精胺係含有3mg。
(膠囊B)
將玉米澱粉123mg與所調製而得之BCAA劑112mg進行混合,裝入2號硬膠囊中,而調製安慰劑用的膠囊B。
(膠囊C)
將玉米澱粉235mg裝入2號硬膠囊中,而調製安慰劑用的膠囊C。
(針對被驗者的分組及1日攝取量)
選出滿足以下條件之被驗者作為對象,施行下述試驗。
・50歲以上(50多歲、60多歲、70多歲)並未進行疾患的治療之健常的男性
・BMI值為18.5以上且未滿30者
・在試驗開始前1個月以內並未攝取被認為有影響之補充品(BCAA、蛋白質等)者
・並未1週攝取2次以上大量包含多元胺之納豆者
對上述被驗者實施事前篩選檢查(攝取前),實施適當與否的判定。又,基於每1日之膠囊攝取量,將被驗者分類成以下I組、II組、III組。
I組:每1日攝取3錠膠囊A及6錠膠囊B之組
酵母的攝取量300mg/日,BCAA劑的攝取量1008mg/日
II組:每1日攝取9錠膠囊B之組
酵母的攝取量0mg/日,BCAA劑的攝取量1008mg/日
III組:每1日攝取9錠膠囊C之組
酵母的攝取量0mg/日,BCAA劑的攝取量0mg/日
另外,BCAA劑已由許多製造商進行市售,大多為建議攝取量係建議每1日大約2000mg以上之製品,但為了查明多元胺的效果,在本評估中,BCAA劑的攝取量係設為1008mg(通常的建議攝取量的約1/2)。
(試驗方法)
對I組、II組及III組的被驗者以雙重盲檢試驗施行人類經口臨床試驗。具體而言,在試驗期間中,使各被驗者在每次早餐後30分鐘以內攝取合計9個膠囊,實施此試驗8週。在試驗期間中,對被驗者每日進行成為運動指標的基準之每日步數、運動、飲食記錄。然後,以與事前檢查同樣的項目對各被驗者進行檢查。
(檢查項目)
被驗者係在試驗前後,除了血液檢查以外,亦檢查經由體組成計所得之肌肉量及SMI作為生理學檢查。各用語的定義示於下(參照Tanita(股)操作說明書)。另外,體組成計係使用Tanita公司製的MC-980A-N plus。此體組成計為使用生物體電阻抗法之體組成計。
肌肉量:去除脂肪量及推定骨量而得之組織量,其係一面保持姿勢,一面驅動心臟之肌肉組織(骨骼肌、平滑肌、水分量)的質量
SMI:Skeletal Muscle Mass Index的略縮。
左腕、右腕、左腳、右腳肌肉量的合計值(kg)/身高(m)^
2
(解析)
將以上述方式進行測定而得之試驗前後之各項目之差異藉由無母數檢定中之Wilcoxon的順位和檢定進行評估。在此次的評估中,在p值係p<0.05(*)之情況,定為在統計上顯著,再者,在p值係p<0.01(**)之情況,定為高度顯著。
此外,求出I組、II組及III組中之Elion SP(註冊商標)的攝取與試驗前後之差異之相關係數(r)。在此次的評估中,在r值係0.4≦|r|≦0.7之情況,定為「有相關性(*)」,在r值係0.7<|r|<1.0之情況,定為「有高度相關性(**)」。
(結果1)
表1示出對屬於I組及II組各組之被驗者施行上述解析之情況之結果。就無母數檢定而言,在I組中,在Elion SP(註冊商標)的攝取與和肌肉量有關之項目之間,並未看出顯著差異。然而,在相關係數中,在Elion SP(註冊商標)的攝取與肌肉量中可看出相關性。
(結果2)
表2示出基於III組,將試驗前後之差異設為0,再度實施統計計算之結果。其結果,就無母數檢定而言,在I組中,在Elion SP(註冊商標)的攝取與肌肉量及SMI中,可看出顯著差異,就II組而言,在Elion SP(註冊商標)的攝取與和肌肉量有關之項目之間,並未看出顯著差異。
(結果3)
表3示出將屬於I組及II組各組之被驗者進一步分別以「運動者」及「非運動者」加以區分,針對「運動者」進行上述解析之情況之結果。
另外,「運動者」的定義係設為每1日之平均步數為各年紀中之平均步數的文獻值以上,且包含以四分位數進行分割之情況之第二四分位數邊界者。另外,文獻係引用自日本厚生勞動省HP所揭載之「H29年度國民營養調査第61表」。
由其結果,就I組而言,在肌肉量及SMI中,可看出顯著差異,此外,在相關係數中,在肌肉量及SMI中亦可看出相關性。
本發明係提供新的肌肉增強劑,具有產業上之可利用性。
Claims (15)
- 一種肌肉增強劑,其特徵係含有多元胺與支鏈胺基酸作為有效成分。
- 如請求項1記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,多元胺係選自腐胺、亞精胺及精胺所構成的群中之1種以上。
- 如請求項2記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,肌肉增強劑每1g,含有亞精胺1mg/g以上。
- 如請求項1記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,多元胺係源自酵母。
- 如請求項4記載之肌肉增強劑,其係含有含多元胺之酵母作為多元胺。
- 如請求項5記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,相對於肌肉增強劑1g,以乾燥質量計含有200~800mg之含多元胺之酵母。
- 如請求項5記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,在水分6.0%以下的乾燥質量中,含有亞精胺1mg/g以上。
- 如請求項5記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,進而含有結晶性多糖類。
- 如請求項8記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,酵母與結晶性多糖類的質量比為1:0.1~1。
- 如請求項4記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,酵母係屬於酵母(Saccharomyces)屬之酵母。
- 如請求項1記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,支鏈胺基酸係選自L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸所構成的群中之1種以上。
- 如請求項11記載之肌肉增強劑,其中以L-纈胺酸、L-白胺酸及L-異白胺酸的合計作為100質量份時, 包含L-纈胺酸20~30質量份、L-白胺酸40~60質量份、L-異白胺酸20~30質量份。
- 如請求項1記載之肌肉增強劑,其中,相對於肌肉增強劑1g,以乾燥質量計含有200~800mg之支鏈胺基酸。
- 一種組成物,其特徵係含有如請求項1~13中任一項記載之肌肉增強劑。
- 如請求項14記載之組成物,其係飲食品形態。
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