TW202134301A - 硬化性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、顯示裝置及硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法 - Google Patents
硬化性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、顯示裝置及硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 3-(3-oxo-3-tetradecoxypropyl)sulfanylpropanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCSCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC LVEOKSIILWWVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Abstract
本發明提供一種硬化性樹脂組成物,即使是厚膜亦可獲得顯影時間快,且發光強度高的膜。一種硬化性樹脂組成物,含有量子點(A)、樹脂(B)、光聚合性化合物(C)、光聚合起始劑(D)、抗氧化劑(E)、調平劑(F)及溶劑(G),樹脂(B)的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量小於10000,酸價為90 mgKOH/g以上且150 mgKOH/g以下。
Description
本發明是有關於一種硬化性樹脂組成物、更有關於一種所述硬化性樹脂組成物的硬化膜、含有其的顯示裝置。
於專利文獻1中記載有一種包含量子點的硬化性樹脂組成物。
[現有技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2016-065178號公報
[發明所欲解決之課題]
當形成使用專利文獻1記載的硬化性樹脂組成物的硬化膜時,在為了提高發光強度而增大硬化性樹脂組成物的塗佈膜的厚度的情況下,有時顯影時間會變長。
本發明的目的在於提供一種硬化性樹脂組成物,即使是厚膜亦能獲得顯影時間快且發光強度高的膜。
[解決課題之手段]
本發明提供以下的硬化性樹脂組成物、硬化膜、顯示裝置及硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法。
[1]一種硬化性樹脂組成物,包含量子點(A)、樹脂(B)、光聚合性化合物(C)、光聚合起始劑(D)、抗氧化劑(E)、調平劑(F)及溶劑(G),
所述樹脂(B)中,聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量小於10000,且酸價為90 mgKOH/g以上且150 mgKOH/g以下。
[2]如[1]所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述樹脂(B)包含丙烯酸當量為300 g/eq以上且2,000 g/eq以下的樹脂。
[3]如[1]或[2]所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述樹脂(B)相對於所述光聚合性化合物(C)的質量比為1以上。
[4]如[1]至[3]中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述光聚合起始劑(D)包含肟化合物。
[5]如[1]至[4]中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述抗氧化劑(E)包含磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑。
[6]如[1]至[5]中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述調平劑(F)包含氟系界面活性劑或矽酮系界面活性劑。
[7]如[1]至[6]中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量而小於0.4質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。
[8]一種硬化膜,包含如[1]~[7]中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物。
[9]一種顯示裝置,包含如[8]所述的硬化膜。
[10]一種製造方法,是如[1]所述的硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法,其包括:
製備所述樹脂(B)的步驟,且
所述樹脂(B)不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述樹脂(B)的固體成分的總量而小於0.8質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。
[11]如[10]所述的製造方法,其中於製備所述樹脂(B)的步驟中,作為反應觸媒不使用胺化合物。
[發明的效果]
根據本發明,可提供一種硬化性樹脂組成物,即使是厚膜亦能獲得顯影時間快且發光強度高的膜。
<硬化性樹脂組成物>
本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物包含量子點(A)、樹脂(B)、光聚合性化合物(C)、光聚合起始劑(D)、抗氧化劑(E)、調平劑(F)及溶劑(G)。
[1]量子點(A)
量子點(A)是粒徑為1 nm以上且100 nm以下的半導體微粒,且是利用半導體的帶隙吸收紫外光或可見光而發光的微粒。
作為量子點(A),可列舉:CdS、CdSe、CdTe、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、HgS、HgSe、HgTe、CdHgTe、CdSeS、CdSeTe、CdSTe、ZnSeS、ZnSeTe、ZnSTe、HgSeS、HgSeTe、HgSTe、CdZnS、CdZnSe、CdZnTe、CdHgS、CdHgSe、CdHgTe、HgZnS、HgZnSe、HgZnTe、CdZnSeS、CdZnSeTe、CdZnSTe、CdHgSeS、CdHgSeTe、CdHgSTe、HgZnSeS、HgZnSeTe、HgZnSTe等12族元素與16族元素的化合物;GaN、GaP、GaAs、AlN、AlP、AlAs、InN、InP、InAs、GaNP、GaNAs、GaPAs、AlNP、AlNAs、AlPAs、InNP、InNAs、InPAs、GaAlNP、GaAlNAs、GaAlPAs、GaInNP、GaInNAs、GaInPAs、InAlNP、InAlNAs、InAlPAs等13族元素與15族元素的化合物;PdS、PbSe等14族元素與16族元素的化合物等。
於量子點(A)包含S或Se的情況下,可使用經金屬氧化物或有機物表面修飾的量子點。藉由使用經表面修飾的量子點,可防止由形成有機層的材料中的反應成分吸去S或Se。
另外,量子點(A)可組合上述化合物形成核殼結構。作為此種組合,可列舉核是CdSe並且殼是ZnS的微粒等。
量子點(A)的能量狀態受其大小影響,故藉由改變粒徑而能夠自由地選擇發光波長。例如:在僅由CdSe構成的量子點的情況下,粒徑為2.3 nm、3.0 nm、3.8 nm、4.6 nm時的螢光光譜的峰波長分別為528 nm、570 nm、592 nm、637 nm。另外,自量子點(A)所發出的光的光譜寬度窄,藉由組合具有此種陡峭的峰的光,擴大顯示裝置能夠顯示的色域。而且,量子點(A)的響應性高,可效率良好地利用由光源放射出的光。
本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物可只含有根據自光源放射出的光而發出特定波長的光的量子點,亦可組合含有兩種以上的發出不同波長的光的量子點。作為所述特定波長的光,例如可列舉紅色光、綠色光以及藍色光。
量子點(A)的含有率相對於硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分總量,例如可為0.1質量%以上且60質量%以下,較佳為5質量%以上且50質量%以下,更佳為20質量%以上且45質量%以下。本說明書中,所謂固體成分的總量是指去除後述的溶劑(G)後的硬化性樹脂組成物成分的合計。硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的含有率可藉由液相層析法或氣相層析法等公知的分析手段進行測定。
[2]樹脂(B)
樹脂(B)的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量小於10000,例如可為9000以下。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量,即使是厚膜,亦處於獲得顯影速度快且發光強度高的膜的傾向。樹脂(B)的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量例如可為1000以上且9000以下的範圍,就顯影速度及發光強度的觀點而言,較佳為2000以上且8500以下的範圍,更佳為3000以上且8500以下。樹脂(B)的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量按照後述的實施例欄中的測定方法來測定。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述範圍內的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量,處於容易獲得因加熱放出的排氣的量降低的膜的傾向。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述範圍內的聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量,處於容易獲得發揮優異耐溶劑性的膜的傾向。
樹脂(B)的酸價以固體成分為基準為90 mgKOH/g以上且150 mgKOH/g以下的範圍。在酸價小於90 mgKOH/g的情況下,相對於鹼顯影液的溶解性降低,有可能使殘渣殘留在基板上,在酸價超過150 mgKOH/g的情況下,引起圖案剝離的可能性變高。樹脂(B)的酸價就顯影性的觀點而言,較佳為95 mgKOH/g以上且140 mgKOH/g以下的範圍,更佳為100 mgKOH/g以上且130 mgKOH/g以下的範圍。此處,酸價是作為中和樹脂(D)1 g所需的氫氧化鉀的量(mg)而測定的值,例如可藉由使用氫氧化鉀水溶液進行滴定而求出。樹脂(B)的酸價依照後述實施例一欄中的測定方法來測定。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述範圍內的酸價,處於容易獲得發揮優異耐溶劑性的膜的傾向。
樹脂(B)的分子量分佈[重量平均分子量(Mw)/數量平均分子量(Mn)]例如可為1.0以上且6.0以下,就顯影性的觀點而言較佳為1.2以上且4.0以下。
作為樹脂(B),可列舉以下的樹脂[K1]~樹脂[K4]等。
樹脂[K1]:選自由不飽和羧酸及不飽和羧酸酐所組成的群組中的至少一種(a)(以下有時稱為「(a)」)與能夠和(a)共聚的單體(c)(其中,與(a)不同。)(以下有時稱為「(c)」)的共聚物;
樹脂[K2]:使具有碳數2~4的環狀醚結構及乙烯性不飽和鍵的單體(b)(以下有時稱為「(b)」)與(a)和(c)的共聚物反應而得的樹脂;
樹脂[K3]:使(b)與(c)的共聚物和(a)反應而得的樹脂;
樹脂[K4]:使(b)與(c)的共聚物和(a)反應,進而與羧酸酐反應而得的樹脂。
作為(a),具體而言,例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸、巴豆酸、鄰乙烯基苯甲酸、間乙烯基苯甲酸、對乙烯基苯甲酸等不飽和單羧酸類;
馬來酸、富馬酸、檸康酸、中康酸、衣康酸、3-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸、4-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸、3,4,5,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸、1,2,3,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸、二甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸、1,4-環己烯二羧酸等不飽和二羧酸類;
甲基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸、5-羧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二羧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羧基-5-甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羧基-5-乙基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羧基-6-甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羧基-6-乙基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯等含有羧基的雙環不飽和化合物類;
馬來酸酐、檸康酸酐、衣康酸酐、3-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸酐、4-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、1,2,3,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、二甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、5,6-二羧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯酐等不飽和二羧酸類酐;
琥珀酸單[2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基]酯、鄰苯二甲酸單[2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基]酯等二元以上的多元羧酸的不飽和單[(甲基)丙烯醯氧基烷基]酯類;
如α-(羥基甲基)丙烯酸般的於同一分子中含有羥基及羧基的不飽和丙烯酸酯類等。
該些中,就共聚反應性的方面或所獲得的樹脂於鹼水溶液中的溶解性的方面而言,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸、馬來酸酐等。
此處,所謂(甲基)丙烯酸是指丙烯酸及/或甲基丙烯酸。以下,對於「(甲基)丙烯醯基」、「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」等亦同樣。
(b)是指例如具有碳數2~4的環狀醚結構(例如,選自由環氧乙烷環、氧雜環丁烷環及四氫呋喃環所組成的群組中的至少一種)與乙烯性不飽和鍵的單量體。(b)較佳為具有碳數2~4的環狀醚結構與(甲基)丙烯醯氧基的單量體。
作為(b),可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸β-甲基縮水甘油酯、(甲基)丙烯酸β-乙基縮水甘油酯、縮水甘油基乙烯基醚、鄰乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、間乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、對乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、α-甲基-鄰乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、α-甲基-間乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、α-甲基-對乙烯基苄基縮水甘油醚、2,3-雙(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,4-雙(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,5-雙(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,6-雙(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,3,4-三(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,3,5-三(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,3,6-三(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、3,4,5-三(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯、2,4,6-三(縮水甘油基氧基甲基)苯乙烯等具有環氧乙烷環與乙烯性不飽和鍵的單量體;3-甲基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基-3-丙烯醯氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-乙基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-乙基-3-丙烯醯氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基-3-丙烯醯氧基乙基氧雜環丁烷、3-乙基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基氧雜環丁烷、3-乙基-3-丙烯醯氧基乙基氧雜環丁烷等具有氧雜環丁烷環與乙烯性不飽和鍵的單量體;丙烯酸四氫糠酯(例如,比斯克(Viscoat)V#150、大阪有機化學工業(股)製造)、甲基丙烯酸四氫糠酯等具有四氫呋喃環與乙烯性不飽和鍵的單量體。
就樹脂[K2]~樹脂[K4]的製造時的反應性高而不易殘存未反應的(b)的觀點而言,作為(b),較佳為含有環氧乙烷環與乙烯性不飽和鍵的單量體。
作為(c),例如可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第二丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸第三丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸硬脂基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-甲基環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸烷-8-基酯(該技術領域中,作為慣用名而稱為「(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊酯」。另外有時稱為「(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯」)、(甲基)丙烯酸三環[5.2.1.02,6
]癸烯-8-基酯(該技術領域中,作為慣用名而稱為「(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊烯基酯」)、(甲基)丙烯酸二環戊基氧基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異冰片酯、(甲基)丙烯酸金剛烷基酯、(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸炔丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯酯、(甲基)丙烯酸萘酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯等(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;
(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯等含羥基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;
馬來酸二乙酯、富馬酸二乙酯、衣康酸二乙酯等二羧酸二酯;
雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-乙基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羥基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羥基甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-(2'-羥基乙基)雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-甲氧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-乙氧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二羥基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二(羥基甲基)雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二(2'-羥基乙基)雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二甲氧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-二乙氧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羥基-5-甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羥基-5-乙基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-羥基甲基-5-甲基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-第三丁氧基羰基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-環己基氧基羰基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5-苯氧基羰基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-雙(第三丁氧基羰基)雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯、5,6-雙(環己基氧基羰基)雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯等雙環不飽和化合物類;
N-苯基馬來醯亞胺、N-環己基馬來醯亞胺、N-苄基馬來醯亞胺、N-琥珀醯亞胺基-3-馬來醯亞胺苯甲酸酯、N-琥珀醯亞胺基-4-馬來醯亞胺丁酸酯、N-琥珀醯亞胺基-6-馬來醯亞胺己酸酯、N-琥珀醯亞胺基-3-馬來醯亞胺丙酸酯、N-(9-吖啶基)馬來醯亞胺等二羰基醯亞胺衍生物類;
苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、間甲基苯乙烯、對甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、對甲氧基苯乙烯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯腈、氯乙烯、偏二氯乙烯、丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、乙酸乙烯酯、1,3-丁二烯、異戊二烯、2,3-二甲基-1,3-丁二烯等。
該些中,就共聚反應性及耐熱性的方面而言,較佳為苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、N-苯基馬來醯亞胺、N-環己基馬來醯亞胺、N-苄基馬來醯亞胺、雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯等。
於構成樹脂[K1]的所有結構單元中,樹脂[K1]中源自各單量體的結構單元的比率較佳為:
源自(a)的結構單元:2莫耳%以上且60莫耳%以下;
源自(c)的結構單元:40莫耳%以上且98莫耳%以下,
更佳為:
源自(a)的結構單元:10莫耳%以上且50莫耳%以下;
源自(c)的結構單元:50莫耳%以上且90莫耳%以下,
若樹脂[K1]的結構單元的比率處於所述範圍內,則存在硬化性組成物的保存穩定性、形成硬化圖案時的顯影性、以及所獲得的硬化圖案的耐溶劑性優異的傾向。
樹脂[K1]例如可參考文獻「高分子合成的實驗法」(大津隆行著 化學同人出版社(股) 第1版第1次印刷 1972年3月1日發行)中記載的方法以及該文獻中記載的引用文獻而製造。
具體而言,可列舉如下方法:將規定量的(a)及(c)、聚合起始劑及溶劑等放入至反應容器中,例如利用氮氣對氧氣進行置換,藉此成為脫氧環境,一面攪拌一面進行加熱及保溫。再者,此處所使用的聚合起始劑及溶劑等並無特別限定,可使用該領域中通常所使用者。例如,作為聚合起始劑,可列舉偶氮化合物(2,2'-偶氮雙異丁腈、2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)等)或有機過氧化物(過氧化苯甲醯等),作為溶劑,只要為溶解各單體者即可,可列舉作為可包含在本發明的硬化性組成物的溶劑(H)而後述的溶劑等。
再者,所得到的共聚物可直接使用反應後的溶液,亦可使用經濃縮或稀釋的溶液,亦可使用藉由再沈澱等方法而以固體(粉體)的形式取出者。特別是作為所述聚合時的溶劑,使用後述的溶劑(G),藉此可將反應後的溶液直接用於本發明的硬化性組成物的製備,因此可使本發明的硬化性組成物的製造步驟簡化。
樹脂[K2]可藉由獲得(a)與(c)的共聚物並使(b)所具有的碳數2~4的環狀醚加成於(a)所具有的羧酸及/或羧酸酐而製造。
首先,與作為樹脂[K1]的製造方法而記載的方法同樣地製造(a)與(c)的共聚物。該情況下,源自每一者的結構單元的比率較佳為與樹脂[K1]中所列舉者相同的比率。
繼而,使(b)所具有的碳數2~4的環狀醚與所述共聚物中的源自(a)的羧酸及/或羧酸酐的一部分進行反應。
繼製造(a)與(c)的共聚物之後,將燒瓶內環境自氮氣置換為空氣,在(b)、羧酸或羧酸酐與環狀醚的反應觸媒(例如,有機磷化合物、金屬錯合物、胺化合物等)及聚合抑制劑(例如,對苯二酚等)的存在下,例如於60℃以上且130℃以下反應1小時~10小時,藉此可製造樹脂[K2]。
相對於(a)100莫耳,(b)的使用量較佳為5莫耳以上且80莫耳以下,更佳為10莫耳以上且75莫耳以下。藉由設為該範圍,而存在硬化性組成物的保存穩定性、形成硬化圖案時的顯影性、以及所得到的硬化圖案的耐溶劑性、耐熱性、機械強度及感度的平衡變良好的傾向。
就作為反應觸媒的有機磷化合物而言,例如可列舉三苯基膦等。就作為反應觸媒的胺化合物而言,例如能使用脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物等,並且作為其具體例,可列舉例如三(二甲基胺基甲基)苯酚、三乙基胺、四丁基溴化銨、四丁基氯化銨等。就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,較佳為有機磷化合物。
相對於(a)、(b)及(c)的合計量100質量份,所述反應觸媒的使用量較佳為0.001質量份以上且5質量份以下。相對於(a)、(b)及(c)的合計量100質量份,所述聚合抑制劑的使用量較佳為0.001質量份以上且5質量份以下。
裝入方法、反應溫度及時間等反應條件可考慮製造設備或聚合所帶來的發熱量等而適當調整。再者,可與聚合條件同樣地,考慮製造設備或聚合所帶來的發熱量等而適當調整裝入方法或反應溫度。
關於樹脂[K3],作為第一階段,以與所述樹脂[K1]的製造方法相同的方式獲得(b)與(c)的共聚物。與所述同樣地,所得到的共聚物可直接使用反應後的溶液,亦可使用經濃縮或稀釋的溶液,亦可使用藉由再沈澱等方法而以固體(粉體)的形式取出者。
相對於構成所述共聚物的所有結構單元的合計莫耳數,源自(b)及(c)的結構單元的比率分別較佳為:
源自(b)的結構單元:5莫耳%以上且95莫耳%以下;
源自(c)的結構單元:5莫耳%以上且95莫耳%以下,
更佳為:
源自(b)的結構單元:10莫耳%以上且90莫耳%以下;
源自(c)的結構單元:10莫耳%以上且90莫耳%以下。
進而,以與樹脂[K2]的製造方法相同的條件,使(a)所具有的羧酸或羧酸酐和(b)與(c)的共聚物所具有的源自(b)的環狀醚反應,藉此可獲得樹脂[K3]。
相對於(b)100莫耳,和所述共聚物反應的(a)的使用量較佳為5莫耳以上且80莫耳以下。
樹脂[K4]為進一步使羧酸酐與樹脂[K3]進行反應而得的樹脂。使羧酸酐和藉由環狀醚與羧酸或羧酸酐的反應而產生的羥基進行反應。
作為羧酸酐,可列舉:馬來酸酐、檸康酸酐、衣康酸酐、3-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸酐、4-乙烯基鄰苯二甲酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、1,2,3,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、二甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐、5,6-二羧基雙環[2.2.1]庚-2-烯酐等。相對於(a)的使用量1莫耳,羧酸酐的使用量較佳為0.5莫耳~1莫耳。
作為樹脂[K1]、樹脂[K2]、樹脂[K3]及樹脂[K4],具體可列舉:(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、苯乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物等樹脂[K1];對(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物加成(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯而成的樹脂、對(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯/苯乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物加成(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯而成的樹脂、對(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯/(甲基)丙烯酸苄酯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物加成(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯而成的樹脂等樹脂[K2];使(甲基)丙烯酸與(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯/(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯的共聚物進行反應而成的樹脂、使(甲基)丙烯酸與(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯/苯乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯的共聚物進行反應而成的樹脂等樹脂[K3];使(甲基)丙烯酸與(甲基)丙烯酸三環癸酯/(甲基)丙烯酸縮水甘油酯的共聚物進行反應而成的樹脂進而與四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐反應而成的樹脂等樹脂[K4]等。
其中,作為樹脂(B),較佳為含有選自由樹脂[K2]、樹脂[K3]以及樹脂[K4]所組成的群組中的至少一種。
作為樹脂(B)的進一步的例子,可列舉日本專利特開2018-123274號公報中記載的鹼可溶性樹脂。具體而言,可列舉在側鏈中具有雙鍵並且在主鏈中含有由下述通式(I)表示的結構單元(α)及由下述通式(II)表示的結構單元(β),並且更含有酸基的聚合物(以下亦稱為樹脂(Ba))。酸基例如可藉由使樹脂(Ba)含有源自含酸基的單量體(例如(甲基)丙烯酸等)的結構單元(γ)而導入樹脂中。樹脂(Ba)較佳為在主鏈骨架中含有結構單元(α)、結構單元(β)及結構單元(γ)。
[化1]
〔式中,R1
及R2
相同或不同,表示氫原子或碳數1~25的烴基。n表示由通式(I)表示的結構單元的平均重複單元數,並且是1以上的數。〕
[化2]
〔式中,R3
相同或不同,表示氫原子或甲基。R4
相同或不同,表示碳數4~20的直鏈狀或分支狀烴基。m表示由通式(II)表示的結構單元的平均重複單元數,並且是1以上的數。〕
就耐熱性或保存穩定性的觀點而言,樹脂(Ba)中構成單元(α)的含有比例例如相對於提供樹脂(Ba)的主鏈骨架的全部單量體單元的總量100質量%,可為0.5質量%以上且50質量%以下,較佳為1質量%以上且40質量%以下,更佳為5質量%以上且30質量%以下。通式(I)中的n表示樹脂(Ba)中的構成單元(α)的平均重複單元數,並且可以構成單元(α)的含有比例在所述範圍內的方式設定n。
就耐溶劑性的觀點而言,構成單元(β)的含有比例相對於提供樹脂(Ba)的主鏈骨架的全部單量體單元的總量100質量%,例如可為10質量%以上且90質量%以下,較佳為20質量%以上且80質量%以下,更佳為30質量%以上且75質量%以下。通式(II)中的m表示樹脂(Ba)中的構成單元(β)的平均重複單元數,並且可以構成單元(β)的含有比例在所述範圍內的方式設定m。
就相對於鹼物質的可溶性或相對於溶媒的溶解性的觀點而言,構成單元(γ)的含有比例相對於提供樹脂(Ba)的主鏈骨架的全部單量體單元的總量100質量%,例如可為0.5質量%以上且50質量%以下,較佳為2質量%以上且50質量%以下,更佳為5質量%以上且45質量%以下。
樹脂(B)可包含選自由所述的樹脂[K1]、樹脂[K2]、樹脂[K3]、樹脂[K4]及樹脂(Ba)所組成的群組中的一種以上。
為了使樹脂(B)的重量平均分子量為9000以下,可適當地組合所用原料的選擇、裝入方法、反應溫度及時間等反應條件來調整。
樹脂(B)可含有丙烯酸當量為例如300 g/eq以上且2000 g/eq以下的樹脂(以下亦稱為丙烯酸系樹脂)。丙烯酸系樹脂的丙烯酸當量較佳為500 g/eq以上且1500 g/eq以下。在樹脂(B)含有丙烯酸系樹脂的情況下,處於容易地防止在濾色器步驟中被消光的顯影的傾向。另一方面,於樹脂(B)含有丙烯酸當量超過2000 g/eq的樹脂的情況下,處於不易獲得有效保護量子點的能力的傾向,並且於樹脂(B)含有丙烯酸當量小於所述範圍的樹脂的情況下,處於顯影時不溶解而容易剝離的傾向。較佳為樹脂(B)是丙烯酸系樹脂。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述範圍內的丙烯酸當量,處於容易地獲得因加熱而放出的排氣的量減少的膜的傾向。藉由樹脂(B)具有所述範圍內的丙烯酸當量,處於容易獲得發揮出優異耐溶劑性的膜的傾向。
硬化性樹脂組成物中的樹脂(B)的含有率相對於硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量例如可為5質量%以上且80質量%以下,較佳為10質量%以上且70質量%以下,更佳為13質量%以上且60質量%以下,進而佳為17質量%以上且55質量%以下。於樹脂(B)的含有率為所述範圍內的情況下,處於量子點變得容易分散,並且在步驟中容易將發光效率維持地高的傾向。
就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,樹脂(B)較佳為不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量而小於0.4質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。另外,就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,硬化性樹脂組成物較佳為不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量而小於0.4質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,樹脂(B)的製造過程中,較佳為作為反應觸媒不使用胺化合物。脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的含量可按照後述的實施例一欄中的測定方法來測定。硬化性樹脂組成物中,脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的含量相對於所述硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量例如可小於0.4質量%。
硬化性樹脂組成物中,樹脂(B)相對於後述的光聚合性化合物(C)的質量比(固體成分比)例如可為1以上,就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,較佳為1.5以上,更佳為2以上,進而佳為2.5以上。
[3]光聚合性化合物(C)
光聚合性化合物(C)為可藉由自後述的光聚合起始劑(D)產生的活性自由基、酸等而聚合的化合物,例如可列舉具有乙烯性不飽和鍵的化合物等,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物。
再者,於本說明書中,所謂「(甲基)丙烯酸」,表示選自由丙烯酸及甲基丙烯酸所組成的群組中的至少一種。「(甲基)丙烯醯基」及「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」等的表述亦具有相同的含義。
其中,光聚合性化合物(C)較佳為具有三個以上的乙烯性不飽和鍵的聚合性化合物。作為此種聚合性化合物,例如可列舉:三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇七(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四季戊四醇十(甲基)丙烯酸酯、四季戊四醇九(甲基)丙烯酸酯、異氰脲酸三(2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基)酯、乙二醇改質季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇改質二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇改質季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇改質二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己內酯改質季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己內酯改質二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
光聚合性化合物(C)的重量平均分子量較佳為150以上且2900以下,更佳為250以上且1500以下。
相對於硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量,硬化性樹脂組成物中的光聚合性化合物(C)的含有率例如較佳為7質量%以上且60質量%以下,更佳為10質量%以上且45質量%以下,進而佳為13質量%以上且30質量%以下。若光聚合性化合物(C)的含有率處於所述範圍內,則存在硬化圖案的殘膜率及硬化圖案的耐藥品性進一步提高的傾向。
[4]光聚合起始劑(D)
光聚合起始劑(D)是可藉由光或熱的作用產生活性自由基、酸等而開始聚合的化合物,可包含選自由肟化合物、聯咪唑化合物、三嗪化合物及醯基膦化合物所組成的群組中的至少一種。其中,較佳為包含肟化合物及醯基膦化合物的至少任一者。若使用該些聚合起始劑,則硬化圖案的殘膜率變高。於使用所述光聚合起始劑的情況下,處於容易地獲得因加熱而放出的排氣的量減少的膜的傾向。另外,於使用所述光聚合起始劑的情況下,處於容易獲得發揮優異耐溶劑性的膜的傾向。
另外,所述肟化合物、所述聯咪唑化合物、所述三嗪化合物及所述醯基膦化合物為了有製造硬化膜時的聚合感度變得更高的傾向,較佳為分子內具有至少兩個芳香環的化合物。
作為芳香環,可列舉呋喃環、吡咯環、咪唑環、噻吩環、噻唑環等5員環,及苯環、吡啶環、嘧啶環、三嗪環等6員環,以及該些的稠環。
作為肟化合物,例如可列舉:N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)丁烷-1-酮-2-亞胺、N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)辛烷-1-酮-2-亞胺、N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)-3-環戊基丙烷-1-酮-2-亞胺、N-乙醯氧基-1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲醯基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]乙烷-1-亞胺、N-乙醯氧基-1-[9-乙基-6-{2-甲基-4-(3,3-二甲基-2,4-二氧雜環戊烷基甲基氧基)苯甲醯基}-9H-咔唑-3-基]乙烷-1-亞胺、N-乙醯氧基-1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲醯基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-3-環戊基丙烷-1-亞胺、N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-[9-乙基-6-(2-甲基苯甲醯基)-9H-咔唑-3-基]-3-環戊基丙烷-1-酮-2-亞胺;日本專利特開2011-132215號公報、國際公開2008/78678號、國際公開2008/78686號、國際公開2012/132558號記載的化合物等。亦可使用豔佳固(Irgacure)OXE01、OXE02(以上,巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造)、N-1919(艾迪科(ADEKA)公司製造)等市售品。
其中,肟化合物較佳為選自由N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)丁烷-1-酮-2-亞胺、N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)辛烷-1-酮-2-亞胺及N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)-3-環戊基丙烷-1-酮-2-亞胺所組成的群組中的至少一種,更佳為N-苯甲醯基氧基-1-(4-苯硫基苯基)辛烷-1-酮-2-亞胺。
作為碳數6~10的芳基,例如可列舉:苯基、甲苯甲醯基、二甲苯基、乙基苯基及萘基等,較佳為苯基。
作為取代基,例如可列舉鹵素原子、碳數1~4的烷氧基等。作為鹵素原子,例如可列舉:氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、碘原子等,較佳為氯原子。作為碳數1~4的烷氧基,例如可列舉甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基等,較佳為甲氧基。
作為聯咪唑化合物,例如可列舉:2,2'-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四苯基聯咪唑、2,2'-雙(2,3-二氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四苯基聯咪唑(例如,參照日本專利特開平06-75372號公報、日本專利特開平06-75373號公報等)、2,2'-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四苯基聯咪唑、2,2'-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四(烷氧基苯基)聯咪唑、2,2'-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四(二烷氧基苯基)聯咪唑、2,2'-雙(2-氯苯基)-4,4',5,5'-四(三烷氧基苯基)聯咪唑(例如,參照日本專利特公昭48-38403號公報、日本專利特開昭62-174204號公報等)、4,4',5,5'-位的苯基由烷氧羰基(carboalkoxy)取代的聯咪唑化合物(例如,參照日本專利特開平7-10913號公報等)等。其中,較佳為下述式所表示的化合物或該些的混合物。
[化5]
作為三嗪化合物,例如可列舉:2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-(4-甲氧基萘基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-胡椒基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-(4-甲氧基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-〔2-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)乙烯基〕-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-〔2-(呋喃-2-基)乙烯基〕-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-〔2-(4-二乙基胺基-2-甲基苯基)乙烯基〕-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-〔2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙烯基〕-1,3,5-三嗪等。其中,較佳為2,4-雙(三氯甲基)-6-胡椒基-1,3,5-三嗪。
作為醯基膦化合物,可列舉:雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)苯基氧化膦、(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)二苯基氧化膦等。
所述光聚合起始劑可單獨使用,亦可併用兩種以上的光聚合起始劑。於併用兩種以上的光聚合起始劑的情況下,可與所述的肟化合物、聯咪唑化合物、三嗪化合物、以及醯基膦化合物以外的公知的聚合起始劑組合。
作為公知的光聚合起始劑,可列舉:安息香、安息香甲醚、安息香乙醚、安息香異丙醚、安息香異丁醚等安息香化合物;二苯甲酮、鄰苯甲醯基苯甲酸甲酯、4-苯基二苯甲酮、4-苯甲醯基-4'-甲基二苯基硫醚、3,3',4,4'-四(第三丁基過氧化羰基)二苯甲酮、2,4,6-三甲基二苯甲酮、4,4'-雙(二乙基胺基)二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮化合物;9,10-菲醌、2-乙基蒽醌、樟腦醌等醌化合物;10-丁基-2-氯吖啶酮、苯偶醯、苯基乙醛酸甲酯、二茂鈦化合物等。
另外,作為其他光聚合起始劑,例如可列舉:2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基二苯基氧化膦(斯皮德庫(Speedcure) TPO,拉姆森(LAMBSON)公司製造)、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基苯基乙氧基氧化膦、雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醯基)-苯基氧化膦(奧姆萊德(Omnirad)819、艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM RESINS)公司製造)、雙(2,6-二甲氧基苯甲醯基)-2,4,4-三甲基-戊基氧化膦、2-羥基-2-甲基-[4-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯基]丙醇寡聚物(艾薩庫(Esacure) ONE、甯柏迪(Lamberti)製造)、2,2-二甲氧基-2-苯基苯乙酮(奧姆萊德(Omnirad) 651、艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM RESINS)公司製造)、2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-嗎啉基丙烷-1-酮(奧姆萊德(Omnirad) 907、艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM RESINS)公司製造)、2-苄基-2-二甲基胺基-1-(4-嗎啉基苯基)-丁烷-1-酮(奧姆萊德(Omnirad) 369、艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM RESINS)公司製造)、2-氯噻噸酮、2,4-二甲基噻噸酮、2,4-二異丙基噻噸酮、異丙基噻噸酮、苯甲酸2-二甲基胺基乙酯、二甲基胺基苯乙酮、對二甲基胺基苯甲酸乙酯或對二甲基胺基苯甲酸異戊酯等胺類等。其他聚合起始劑中,較佳亦為2-甲基-1-[4-(甲硫基)苯基]-2-嗎啉基丙烷-1-酮(奧姆萊德(Omnirad) 907、艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM Resins)B.公司製造)。
作為兩種以上光聚合起始劑的組合,可列舉:肟化合物與聯咪唑化合物、肟化合物與三嗪化合物、肟化合物與醯基膦化合物、聯咪唑化合物與三嗪化合物、聯咪唑化合物與醯基膦化合物、三嗪化合物與醯基膦化合物等的組合。
[光聚合起始助劑(D1)]
進而亦可根據需要併用光聚合起始助劑(D1)。光聚合起始助劑(D1)為用於促進藉由光聚合起始劑而開始聚合的光聚合性化合物的聚合的化合物、或增感劑,在包含光聚合起始助劑(D1)的情況下,通常與光聚合起始劑組合使用。作為光聚合起始助劑(D1),可列舉:胺化合物、烷氧基蒽化合物、噻噸酮化合物及羧酸化合物等。
作為胺化合物,可列舉:三乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、三異丙醇胺、4-二甲基胺基苯甲酸甲酯、4-二甲基胺基苯甲酸乙酯、4-二甲基胺基苯甲酸異戊酯、苯甲酸2-二甲基胺基乙酯、4-二甲基胺基苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、N,N-二甲基對甲苯胺、4,4'-雙(二甲基胺基)二苯甲酮(通稱米其勒酮(Michler's ketone))、4,4'-雙(二乙基胺基)二苯甲酮、4,4'-雙(乙基甲基胺基)二苯甲酮等,其中較佳為4,4'-雙(二乙基胺基)二苯甲酮。亦可使用EAB-F(保土谷化學工業(股)製造)等市售品。
作為烷氧基蒽化合物,可列舉:9,10-二甲氧基蒽、2-乙基-9,10-二甲氧基蒽、9,10-二乙氧基蒽、2-乙基-9,10-二乙氧基蒽、9,10-二丁氧基蒽、2-乙基-9,10-二丁氧基蒽等。
作為噻噸酮化合物,可列舉:2-異丙基噻噸酮、4-異丙基噻噸酮、2,4-二乙基噻噸酮、2,4-二氯噻噸酮、1-氯-4-丙氧基噻噸酮等。
作為羧酸化合物,可列舉:苯硫基乙酸、甲基苯硫基乙酸、乙基苯硫基乙酸、甲基乙基苯硫基乙酸、二甲基苯硫基乙酸、甲氧基苯硫基乙酸、二甲氧基苯硫基乙酸、氯苯硫基乙酸、二氯苯硫基乙酸、N-苯基甘胺酸、苯氧基乙酸、萘基硫代乙酸、N-萘基甘胺酸、萘氧基乙酸等。
相對於光聚合性化合物(C)100質量份,光聚合起始劑(D)的含有率較佳為0.1質量份以上且300質量份以下,更佳為0.1質量份以上且200質量份以下。相對於樹脂(D)及光聚合性化合物(C)的合計量100質量份,光聚合起始劑(D)的含有率較佳為0.1質量份以上且30質量份以下,更佳為1質量份以上且20質量份以下。若光聚合起始劑(D)的含有率處於所述範圍內,則有高感度化而將曝光時間縮短的傾向,因而硬化膜的生產性提升。
另外,於包含光聚合起始助劑(D1)的情況下,相對於光聚合性化合物(C)100質量份,光聚合起始助劑(D1)的含有率較佳為0.1質量份以上且300質量份以下,更佳為0.1質量份以上且200質量份以下。相對於樹脂(D)及光聚合性化合物(C)的合計量100質量份,光聚合起始劑(D)的含有率較佳為0.1質量份以上且30質量份以下,更佳為1質量份以上且20質量份以下。若光聚合起始助劑(D1)的量處於所述範圍內,則存在可進而以高感度形成硬化膜的傾向。
[5]抗氧化劑(E)
作為抗氧化劑(E),若為工業上通常所使用的抗氧化劑則並無特別限定,可使用酚系抗氧化劑、磷系抗氧化劑、磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑及硫系抗氧化劑等。抗氧化劑(E)亦可併用兩種以上。磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑可為分子中分別具有一個以上磷原子及苯酚結構的化合物。其中,就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,較佳為磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑。另外,在使用磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑的情況下,處於容易獲得因加熱而放出的脫氣的量降低的膜的傾向。另外,於使用磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑的情況下,處於容易地獲得發揮優異耐溶劑性的膜的傾向。
作為酚系抗氧化劑,例如可列舉:易璐諾斯(註冊商標)1010(Irganox 1010:季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯1076(Irganox 1076:十八烷基-3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯1330(Irganox 1330:3,3',3'',5,5',5''-六-第三丁基-a,a',a''[α,α',α'']-(均三甲苯-2,4,6-三基)三-對甲酚、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯3114(Irganox 3114:1,3,5-三(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯3790(Irganox 3790:1,3,5-三((4-第三丁基-3-羥基-2,6-二甲苯基)甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯1035(Irganox 1035:硫代二乙烯雙[3-(3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯]、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯1135(Irganox 1135:苯丙酸、3,5-雙(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4-羥基、C7-C9側鏈烷基酯、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯1520L(Irganox 1520L:4,6-雙(辛硫甲基)-鄰甲酚、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯3125(Irganox 3125、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐諾斯565(Irganox 565:2,4-雙(正辛硫基)-6-(4-羥基-3',5'-二-第三丁基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、巴斯夫(股)製造)、艾迪科斯塔波(Adekastab)(註冊商標)AO-80(Adekastab AO-80:3,9-雙(2-(3-(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙醯氧基)-1,1-二甲基乙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧雜螺(5,5)十一烷、艾迪科(股)製造)、蘇米萊澤(Sumilizer)(註冊商標)BHT、蘇米萊澤(Sumilizer)GA-80、蘇米萊澤(Sumilizer)GS(以上為住友化學(股)製造)、夏諾克斯(註冊商標)1790(Cyanox 1790、氰特(Cytec)(股)製造)及維他命(Vitamin)E(衛材(Eisai)(股)製造)等。
作為磷系抗氧化劑,可列舉:易璐佛斯(註冊商標)168(Igrafos 168:(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)亞磷酸三酯、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐佛斯12(Igrafos 12:三[2-[[2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基二苯並[d,f][1,3,2]二氧雜膦-6-基]氧基]乙基]胺、巴斯夫(股)製造)、易璐佛斯38(Igrafos 38:亞磷酸雙(2,4-雙(1,1-二甲基乙基)-6-甲基苯基)乙基酯、巴斯夫(股)製造)、艾迪科斯塔波(Adekastab)(註冊商標)329K、艾迪科斯塔波(Adekastab)PEP36、艾迪科斯塔波(Adekastab)PEP-8(以上為艾迪科(股)製造)、桑得斯塔波(Sandstab)P-EPQ(科萊恩(Clariant)公司製造)、韋斯頓(Weston)(註冊商標)618、韋斯頓(Weston)619G(以上為GE公司製造)及烏特拉諾克斯(Ultranox)626(GE公司製造)等。
作為磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑,例如可列舉蘇米萊澤(Sumilizer)(註冊商標)GP(6-[3-(3-第三丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基苯基)丙氧基]-2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基二苯並[d,f][1.3.2]二氧雜磷環庚烷)(住友化學(股)製造)等。
作為硫系抗氧化劑,可列舉:硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻酯或硫代二丙酸二硬脂酯等硫代二丙酸二烷基酯化合物及四[亞甲基(3-十二烷基硫基)丙酸酯]甲烷等多元醇的β-烷基巰基丙酸酯化合物等。
相對於樹脂(B)100質量份,抗氧化劑(E)的含有率例如可為1質量份以上且50質量份以下,就發光量及耐熱性的觀點而言,較佳為5質量份以上且40質量份以下,更佳為7質量份以上且30質量份以下,進而佳為11質量份以上且25質量份以下。
[6]調平劑(F)
作為調平劑(F),可列舉:矽酮系界面活性劑、氟系界面活性劑及具有氟原子的矽酮系界面活性劑等。該些亦可於側鏈上具有聚合性基。就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言,調平劑(F)較佳為氟系界面活性劑或矽酮系界面活性劑。
作為矽酮系界面活性劑,可列舉分子內具有矽氧烷鍵的界面活性劑等。具體可列舉:東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)DC3PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH7PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)DC11PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH21PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH28PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH29PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH30PA、東麗矽酮(Toray Silicone)SH8400(商品名:東麗道康寧(Toray Dow Corning)(股)製造),KP321、KP322、KP323、KP324、KP326、KP340、KP341(信越化學工業(股)製造),TSF400、TSF401、TSF410、TSF4300、TSF4440、TSF4445、TSF4446、TSF4452及TSF4460(日本邁圖高新材料(Momentive Performance Materials Japan)有限責任公司製造)等。
作為氟系界面活性劑,可列舉分子內具有氟碳鏈的界面活性劑等。具體可列舉:弗拉德(Fluorad)(註冊商標)FC430、弗拉德(Fluorad)FC431(住友3M(股)製造),美佳法(Megafac)(註冊商標)F142D、美佳法(Megafac)F171、美佳法(Megafac)F172、美佳法(Megafac)F173、美佳法(Megafac)F177、美佳法(Megafac)F183、美佳法(Megafac)F554、美佳法(Megafac)F575、美佳法(Megafac)R30、美佳法(Megafac)RS-718-K(迪愛生(DIC)(股)製造),艾福拓(Eftop)(註冊商標)EF301、艾福拓(Eftop)EF303、艾福拓(Eftop)EF351、艾福拓(Eftop)EF352(三菱材料電子化成(股)製造),沙福隆(Surflon)(註冊商標)S381、沙福隆(Surflon)S382、沙福隆(Surflon)SC101、沙福隆(Surflon)SC105(旭硝子(股)製造)及E5844(大金精細化學(Daikin Fine Chemical)研究所(股)製造)等。
作為具有氟原子的矽酮系界面活性劑,可列舉分子內具有矽氧烷鍵及氟碳鏈的界面活性劑等。具體可列舉:美佳法(Megafac)(註冊商標)R08、美佳法(Megafac)BL20、美佳法(Megafac)F475、美佳法(Megafac)F477及美佳法(Megafac)F443(迪愛生(DIC)(股)製造)等。
相對於硬化性樹脂組成物的總量,調平劑(F)的含有率例如可為0.001質量%以上且1.0質量%以下,較佳為0.005質量%以上且0.75質量%以下,更佳為0.01質量%以上且0.5質量%以下,進而佳為0.05質量%以上且0.5質量%以下。若調平劑(F)的含有率處於所述範圍內,則可使硬化膜的平坦性變得更良好。
[7]溶劑(G)
溶劑(G)只要是溶解樹脂(B)、光聚合性化合物(C)及光聚合起始劑(D)的溶劑,則並無特別限定,可使用該領域中通常使用的溶劑。例如可列舉:酯溶劑(分子內包含-COO-而不含-O-的溶劑)、醚溶劑(分子內包含-O-而不含-COO-的溶劑)、醚酯溶劑(分子內包含-COO-與-O-的溶劑)、酮溶劑(分子內包含-CO-而不含-COO-的溶劑)、醇溶劑(分子內包含OH而不含-O-、-CO-及-COO-的溶劑)、芳香族烴溶劑、醯胺溶劑、二甲亞碸等。
作為酯溶劑,可列舉:乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸正丁酯、2-羥基異丁酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸異丁酯、甲酸正戊酯、乙酸異戊酯、丙酸正丁酯、丁酸異丙酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丁酯、丙酮酸甲酯、丙酮酸乙酯、丙酮酸丙酯、乙醯乙酸甲酯、乙醯乙酸乙酯、環己醇乙酸酯及γ-丁內酯等。
作為醚溶劑,可列舉:乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單乙醚、乙二醇單丙醚、乙二醇單丁醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單丁醚、丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單乙醚、丙二醇單丙醚、丙二醇單丁醚、3-甲氧基-1-丁醇、3-甲氧基-3-甲基丁醇、四氫呋喃、四氫吡喃、1,4-二噁烷、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二乙二醇甲基乙醚、二乙二醇二丙醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、茴香醚、苯乙醚及甲基茴香醚等。
作為醚酯溶劑,可列舉:甲氧基乙酸甲酯、甲氧基乙酸乙酯、甲氧基乙酸丁酯、乙氧基乙酸甲酯、乙氧基乙酸乙酯、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、3-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、3-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、2-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、2-甲氧基丙酸乙酯、2-甲氧基丙酸丙酯、2-乙氧基丙酸甲酯、2-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、2-甲氧基-2-甲基丙酸甲酯、2-乙氧基-2-甲基丙酸乙酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁酯、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、丙二醇單丙醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯、二乙二醇單乙醚乙酸酯及二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯等。
作為酮溶劑,可列舉:4-羥基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、丙酮、2-丁酮、2-庚酮、3-庚酮、4-庚酮、4-甲基-2-戊酮、環戊酮、環己酮及異佛爾酮等。
作為醇溶劑,可列舉:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、己醇、環己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇及甘油等。
作為芳香族烴溶劑,可列舉:苯、甲苯、二甲苯及均三甲苯等。
作為醯胺溶劑,可列舉:N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺及N-甲基吡咯啶酮等。
作為溶劑,較佳為丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、乳酸乙酯、丙二醇單甲醚、3-乙氧基丙酸乙酯、乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、4-羥基-4-甲基-2-戊酮或甲苯。
溶劑(G)是固體成分以外的成分,例如是亦包含量子點(A)或樹脂(B)等中含有的溶劑的成分。溶劑(G)的含有率為組成物中含有的全部溶劑的合計質量相對於組成物的總量的比例,相對於硬化性樹脂組成物的總量例如可為40質量%以上且95質量%以下,較佳為55質量%以上且90質量%以下。換言之,硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分較佳為5質量%以上且60質量%以下,更佳為10質量%以上且45質量%以下。若溶劑(G)的含有量處於所述範圍內,則存在塗佈時的組成物層的平坦性變得更良好,並且容易形成適當膜厚的硬化膜的傾向。
[8]光散射劑(H)
本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物可更含有光散射劑(H)。作為光散射劑(H),可列舉金屬或金屬氧化物的粒子、玻璃粒子等。作為金屬氧化物,可列舉TiO2
、SiO2
、BaTiO3
、ZnO等。光散射劑(I)的粒徑例如為0.03 μm以上且20 μm以下左右,較佳為0.05 μm以上且1 μm以下,進而佳為0.05 μm以上且0.5 μm以下。
相對於硬化性樹脂組成物中的固體成分的總量,硬化性樹脂組成物中的光散射劑(H)的含有率例如可為0.001質量%以上且50質量%以下,就顯影性及發光強度的觀點而言較佳為1質量%以上且30質量%以下,更佳為2質量%以上且10質量%以下。在硬化性組成物包含有機溶劑的情況下,光散射劑(H)可使用藉由使用分散劑(J)預先分散在有機溶劑(G)的一部分中者。作為分散劑(J),可使用市售品。作為市售品的例子,可列舉:
畢克化學日本(BYK-Chemie Japan)公司製造的迪斯珀畢克(DISPERBYK)-101、102、103、106、107、108、109、110、111、116、118、130、140、154、161、162、163、164、165、166、170、171、174、180、181、182、183、184、185、190、192、2000、2001、2020、2025、2050、2070、2095、2150、2155;ANTI-TERRA-U、U100、203、204、250;BYK-P104、P104S、P105、220S、6919;BYK-LPN 6919、21116;蘭可迪莫(LACTIMON)、蘭可迪莫(LACTIMON)-WS;比酷曼(Bykumen)等;
日本路博潤(Lubrizol)公司製造的索努帕斯(SOLSPERSE)-3000、9000、13000、13240、13650、13940、16000、17000、18000、20000、21000、24000、26000、27000、28000、31845、32000、32500、32550、33500、32600、34750、35100、36600、38500、41000、41090、53095、55000、76500等;
巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造的EFKA-46、47、48、452、4008、4009、4010、4015、4020、4047、4050、4055、4060、4080、4400、4401、4402、4403、4406、4408、4300、4310、4320、4330、4340、450、451、453、4540、4550、4560、4800、5010、5065、5066、5070、7500、7554、1101、120、150、1501、1502、1503等;
味之素精密技術(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno)公司製造的阿吉斯帕(Ajisper)PA111、PB711、PB821、PB822、PB824等。
再者,本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物視需要亦可更包含聚合抑制劑、填充劑、其他高分子化合物、密接促進劑、光穩定劑、鏈轉移劑等本技術領域中公知的添加劑。
<硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法>
硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法可包括將量子點(A)、樹脂(B)、聚合性化合物(C)、光聚合起始劑(D)、抗氧化劑(E)、調平劑(F)及溶劑(G)、以及視需要使用的其他成分混合的步驟。
本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法可包括製備樹脂(B)的步驟。所獲得的樹脂(B)可不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於樹脂(B)的固體成分的總量而小於0.8質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。就顯影時間及發光強度的觀點而言,於製備樹脂(B)的步驟中,較佳為作為反應觸媒不使用胺化合物。
<硬化膜>
本發明的硬化膜可藉由將本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物塗佈於基板上,在光或熱的作用下使其硬化而獲得。本發明的硬化膜可形成在所述基板的整個面上,亦可形成在所述基板的一部分上(即,硬化圖案)。作為在所述基板的一部分上形成硬化膜的方法,可列舉:光微影(photolithograph)法、噴墨法、印刷法等。其中,較佳為光微影法。光微影法是將本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物塗佈於基板,並根據需要加以乾燥而形成組成物層,並介隔光罩對該組成物層進行曝光、顯影的方法。
作為在基板的整個面上形成硬化膜的方法,可列舉如下的方法:將本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物塗佈於基板,並根據需要加以乾燥而形成組成物層,對該組成物層進行加熱及/或在該組成物層整面上進行曝光。
作為基板,可列舉石英玻璃、硼矽酸玻璃、氧化鋁矽酸鹽玻璃、對表面進行了二氧化矽塗佈的鈉鈣玻璃等玻璃板;或聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯等樹脂板;矽;於所述基板上形成有鋁、銀、銀/銅/鈀合金薄膜等者等。
利用光微影法進行的硬化圖案的形成可藉由公知或慣用的裝置或條件來進行。例如,可如以下般來製作。
首先,將硬化性組成物塗佈於基板上,藉由進行加熱乾燥(預烘烤)及/或減壓乾燥來去除溶劑等揮發成分,從而獲得組成物層。作為塗佈方法,可列舉:旋塗法、狹縫塗佈法、狹縫和旋塗法等。
進行加熱乾燥時的溫度較佳為30℃~120℃,更佳為50℃~110℃。另外,加熱時間較佳為10秒~60分鐘,更佳為30秒~30分鐘。
於進行減壓乾燥的情況下,較佳為於50 Pa~150 Pa的壓力下、以20℃~25℃的溫度範圍來進行。
組成物層的膜厚並無特別限定,只要根據目標硬化圖案的膜厚適宜選擇即可,例如可為0.5 μm以上且20 μm以下,較佳為3 μm以上且18 μm以下,更佳為5 μm以上且16 μm以下。
繼而,對組成物層介隔用以形成目標硬化圖案的光罩來進行曝光。該光罩上的圖案並無特別限定。
作為曝光中所使用的光源,較佳為產生250 nm~450 nm的波長的光的光源。例如,亦可根據聚合起始劑的吸收波長,利用帶通濾波器自該波長的光中選擇性地取出436 nm附近、408 nm附近、或365 nm附近的光。具體可列舉水銀燈、發光二極體、金屬鹵化物燈、鹵素燈等。
為了可對曝光面整體均勻地照射平行光線、或者進行光罩與形成有組成物層的基板的準確的對位,較佳為使用遮罩對準器及步進機等曝光裝置。曝光後的組成物層藉由該組成物層中含有的聚合性化合物等聚合而硬化。
藉由使曝光後的組成物層接觸顯影液來進行顯影,組成物層的未曝光部溶解於顯影液中而被去除,從而可獲得硬化圖案。作為顯影液,例如可列舉氫氧化鉀、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸鈉、氫氧化四甲基銨等鹼性化合物的水溶液或有機溶劑。鹼性化合物於水溶液中的濃度較佳為0.01質量%以上且10質量%以下,更佳為0.03質量%以上且5質量%以下。作為有機溶劑,可列舉與所述溶劑(G)相同者。進而,顯影液亦可包含界面活性劑。
顯影方法可為覆液法、浸漬法及噴霧法等的任一種。進而,顯影時,可使基板以任意角度傾斜。
較佳為對藉由顯影而獲得的硬化圖案進一步進行加熱(後烘烤)。加熱溫度較佳為150℃~250℃,更佳為160℃~235℃。加熱時間較佳為1分鐘~120分鐘,更佳為10分鐘~60分鐘。藉由顯影後進行加熱,可進行硬化圖案中所含的未反應的聚合性化合物等的聚合,因此可獲得耐藥品性更優異的硬化圖案。
藉由對硬化膜照射紫外光或可見光,本發明的硬化膜可發出與照射光不同波長的光。在形成本發明的硬化膜時使用的硬化性樹脂組成物中,藉由選擇量子點的成分或粒徑,可選擇發出的光的波長。
如上所述,本發明的硬化膜具有轉換照射光的波長的功能,因此可用作顯示裝置的顏色轉換層。作為此種顯示裝置,例如可列舉日本專利特開2006-309219號公報、日本專利特開2006-310303號公報、日本專利特開2013-15812號公報、日本專利特開2009-251129號公報、日本專利特開2014-2363號公報等中記載的顯示裝置。
本發明的硬化膜能夠容易地降低加熱時放出的脫氣的量。關於脫氣的量,可作為將硬化膜在180℃下加熱60分鐘時的重量變化率(%)[=([加熱後重量]/[加熱前重量])×100]按照在後述的實施例的欄中說明的方法進行評價。本發明的硬化膜的所述重量變化率(%)例如可為1%以下,亦可為0.5%以下。就容易降低之後步驟中的裝置的污染的觀點而言,較佳為0.8%以下,更佳為0.6%以下,進而佳為0.4%以下,特佳為0.2%以下,通常為0%以上,例如可為0.01%以上或0.05%以上。
本發明的硬化膜可發揮優異的耐溶劑性。關於耐溶劑性,可作為將硬化膜浸漬於丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate,PGMEA)中30分鐘時的發光強度的變化率按照實施例欄中說明的方法進行評價。關於本發明的硬化膜,所述發光強度的變化率例如可為88%以上,就提高亮度的觀點而言,較佳為90%以上,更佳為92%以上,進而佳為94%以上,特佳為96%以上,進一步特佳為98%以上,通常可為100%以下。
關於本發明的硬化膜,較佳為將該硬化膜在180℃下加熱60分鐘時的重量變化率(%)為0.8%以下,並且將該硬化膜浸漬於PGMEA中30分鐘時的發光強度的變化率為92%以上。關於本發明的硬化膜,較佳為將該硬化膜在180℃下加熱60分鐘時的重量變化率(%)為0.4%以下,並且將該硬化膜浸漬於PGMEA中30分鐘時的發光強度的變化率為88%以上。另外,關於本發明的硬化膜,特佳為將該硬化膜在180℃下加熱60分鐘時的重量變化率(%)為0.4%以下,並且將該硬化膜浸漬於PGMEA中30分鐘時的發光強度的變化率為92%以上。
本發明的硬化性樹脂組成物處於即使為厚膜亦獲得顯影速度快、且發光強度高的膜的傾向,因此有效用作顯示裝置、特別是液晶顯示裝置的顏色轉換層。
[實施例]
以下,藉由實施例而對本發明進行更詳細說明。只要並無特別說明,則例中的「%」及「份」為質量%及質量份。
〔顯影性的評價〕
於5 cm見方的玻璃基板(益格(eagle)2000;康寧(Corning)公司製造)上藉由旋塗法以膜厚成為10 μm的方式塗佈硬化性樹脂組成物後,於100℃下預烘烤3分鐘而形成硬化性樹脂組成物層,並將其浸漬於顯影液(氫氧化鉀0.05%水溶液)來進行顯影。測定完全去除硬化性樹脂組成物層的時間。
〔發光強度的測定〕
於5 cm見方的玻璃基板(益格(eagle)2000;康寧(Corning)公司製造)上藉由旋塗法以膜厚成為10 μm的方式塗佈硬化性樹脂組成物後,於100℃下預烘烤3分鐘而形成硬化性組成物層。相對於形成有該硬化性組成物層的基板,使用曝光機(TME-150RSK;拓普康(Topcon)(股)製造)於大氣環境下以80 mJ/cm2
的曝光量(365 nm基準)進行光照射,顯影後,在180℃下進行60分鐘後烘烤,藉此獲得具有硬化膜的基板。
準備包括發光波長444 nm的LED燈及耐擦傷蓋的窄指向角型的感測背光照明(OPF系列;奧泰斯工業自動化(OPTEX Fa)公司製造)作為背光。在將耐擦傷蓋朝向上來載置背光,並在耐擦傷蓋上設置具有孔的黑色膜且以防止測量部位之外的部位漏光的方式設置之後,將連接到下述光譜儀的用於檢測發出的光的光纖設置在距耐擦傷蓋的表面高度為4 cm的位置處。在背光的耐擦傷蓋的表面配置作為參考的玻璃基板(益格(eagle)2000;康寧公司製造)。在此種狀態下,點亮背光,並且調節背光的光量使得背光的總放射通量(μW)穿過參考玻璃基板(益格(eagle) 2000;康寧公司製造)變為1500 μW。
接著,將上述製作的具有硬化膜的基板配置在所述玻璃基板的表面上。在此種狀態下,點亮背光,並且對於自硬化膜發出的光,測定發光強度(單位:μW)作為波長為485 nm以上且780 nm以下的範圍內的積算放射通量。發光強度的測定使用光譜儀Spectrum meter(海洋光學(Ocean Optics)公司製造)。
〔排氣的評價方法〕
與上述(發光強度的測定)同樣地製作硬化膜後,剝離膜部分(膜厚=10μm),用TGDTA[高功能熱分析裝置NEXTA(註冊商標)STA 200(日立高科技股份有限公司製造)]在180℃下保持60 min後,求出重量變化率(%)[=([加熱後重量]/[加熱前重量])×100]。
〔耐溶劑性的評價方法〕
於與上述〔發光強度的測定〕同樣地製作硬化膜後,將膜在PGMEA中浸漬30分鐘。分別測定浸漬前後的發光強度,算出該浸漬前後的發光強度的變化率。
〔重量平均分子量〕
樹脂的重量平均分子量(Mw)的測定是藉由凝膠滲透層析法(gel permeation chromatography,GPC),於以下條件下進行。
裝置:K2479((股)島津製作所製造)
管柱:島津(SHIMADZU) Shim-pack GPC-80M
管柱溫度:40℃
溶媒:四氫呋喃
流速:1.0 mL/分鐘
檢測器:折射率(refractive index,RI)
校正用標準物質:TSK標準聚苯乙烯(STANDARD POLYSTYRENE)F-40、F-4、F-288、A-2500、A-500(東曹(Tosoh)(股)製造)
〔酸價〕
精確稱量3 g樹脂溶液,溶解於90 g丙酮與10 g水的混合溶媒中,使用0.1規定的KOH水溶液作為滴加液,藉由自動滴加裝置(平沼產業公司製造、商品名:COM-555)測定聚合物溶液的酸價,並由溶液的酸價及溶液的固體成分求出每1g 固體成分的酸價(AV)。
〔固體成分〕
於鋁杯中量取約1 g聚合物溶液,在180℃下乾燥1小時後,測定質量。根據其質量減少量來計算聚合物溶液的固體成分(質量%)。
〔脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的含量〕
<裝置名、測定條件>
使用裝置:賽默飛世爾科技(Thermo Fisher Scientific ICS-1500)
分離管柱:IonPac CG14+CS14(4 mm)
管柱溫度:30℃
洗脫液:10 mM 甲磺酸
流量:1 mL/min檢測器:電傳導度檢測器
<前處理方法>
利用THF溶解試樣0.1 g,並利用純水定容至10 mL。進行過濾,將進而利用純水對濾液進行稀釋而得者作為試液。
製造例1:量子點分散液(A-1)
準備以油酸作為配體的InP/ZnSeS量子點的甲苯分散液。將分散液減壓蒸餾,除去甲苯。相對於30份的固體成分,添加70份的環己基乙酸酯,獲得量子點分散液(A-1)(固體成分30%)。
製造例2:光散射劑(H-1)
向70質量份的氧化鈦奈米粒子中加入以固體成分計為3質量份的DISPERBYK 21116(畢克化學日本(BYK-Chemie Japan)製造),且以總量成為100質量份的方式加入PGMEA後,利用塗料振盪器進行攪拌直至充分分散,從而獲得散射劑(H-1)的分散液(固體成分73%)。
合成例1:樹脂(B-1)
於包括攪拌器、帶溫度計的回流冷卻管、滴加漏斗、及氮氣導入管的燒瓶中,投入丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(以下,稱為「PGMEA」)110質量份,一邊進行氮氣置換一邊進行攪拌,升溫至80℃。將藉由將25質量份的甲基丙烯酸二環戊酯、26質量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、16質量份的甲基丙烯酸、14質量份的2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)溶解在110質量份的PGMEA中而獲得者自滴加漏斗滴入燒瓶中後,在80℃下攪拌3h。
接著,將16質量份的甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、0.4質量份的2,2'-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、0.8質量份的三苯基膦投入燒瓶內,升溫至110℃並攪拌8小時,藉此使聚合物中的羧酸與環氧基反應,從而導入聚合性不飽和鍵。接著,加入17質量份的1,2,3,6-四氫鄰苯二甲酸酐並持續反應3小時,從而將羧酸基導入側鏈。將反應液冷卻至室溫,藉此獲得樹脂(B-1)溶液。
樹脂(B-1)的重量平均分子量為5,200、酸價為100 mgKOH/g,樹脂(B-1)溶液中的固體成分為40質量%。
合成例2:樹脂(B-2)
除了將2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)設為12.5質量份之外,以與合成例1相同的方式製作樹脂(B-2)溶液。
合成例3:樹脂(B-3)
除了將2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)設為11質量份之外,以與合成例1相同的方式製作樹脂(B-3)溶液。
合成例4:樹脂(B-4)
除了將甲基丙烯酸甲酯設為23質量份、將甲基丙烯酸設為19質量份、將2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)設為10質量份之外,以與合成例1相同的方式製作樹脂(B-4)溶液。
合成例5:樹脂(B-5)
於包括攪拌器、帶溫度計的回流冷卻管、滴加漏斗、及氮氣導入管的燒瓶中,投入丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯(以下,稱為「PGMEA」)110質量份後,一邊進行氮氣置換一邊進行攪拌,升溫至80℃。將藉由將25質量份的甲基丙烯酸二環戊酯、21質量份的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、26質量份的甲基丙烯酸、10質量份的2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)溶解在110質量份的PGMEA中而獲得者自滴加漏斗滴入燒瓶中後,在80℃下攪拌3h。
繼而,將16質量份的甲基丙烯酸縮水甘油酯、0.4質量份的2,2’-亞甲基雙(4-甲基-6-第三丁基苯酚)、0.8質量份的三乙基胺投入燒瓶內,升溫至110℃並攪拌8小時,藉此使聚合物中的羧酸與環氧基反應,從而導入聚合性不飽和鍵。將反應液冷卻至室溫,藉此獲得樹脂(B-5)溶液。樹脂(B-5)中三乙基胺的含有率相對於樹脂(C-5)的總固體成分的總量為0.8質量%。
合成例6:樹脂(B-6)
於包括冷卻管與攪拌機的燒瓶中添加丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯150質量份並進行氮氣置換。加熱至80℃,並在該溫度下,將50質量份的丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯、30質量份的2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基琥珀酸、10質量份的甲基丙烯酸苄酯、60質量份的2-乙基己基甲基丙烯酸酯及6質量份的2,2'-偶氮雙(2,4-二甲基戊腈)的混合溶液滴加2小時,並保持該溫度而聚合1小時。其後,使反應溶液的溫度升溫至90℃,進而聚合1小時,藉此獲得樹脂(B-6)溶液。樹脂(B-6)的Mw=11000、酸價=70,並且樹脂(B-6)溶液的固體成分濃度=33質量%。
將樹脂(B-1)~樹脂(B-6)的重量平均分子量、分子量分佈、酸價、丙烯酸當量及脂肪族三級胺以及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的含量示於以下的表1。
[表1]
B-1 | B-2 | B-3 | B-4 | B-5 | B-6 | |
重量平均分子量 | 5200 | 6500 | 7600 | 8400 | 8200 | 11000 |
分子量分佈 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
酸價[mgKOH/g] | 100 | 100 | 100 | 120 | 110 | 70 |
丙烯酸當量[g/eq] | 870 | 860 | 840 | 840 | 870 | 0 |
脂肪族三級胺化合物、及脂肪族四級胺鹽化合物的含有量[%](樹脂(B)固體成分中) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 |
<實施例1~實施例9、比較例1>
將表2的各成分混合來製備實施例及比較例的硬化性樹脂組成物。對於所獲得的硬化性樹脂組成物,進行發光強度及顯影時間的評價。結果如表3所示。
[表2]
單位:質量%(將硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分設為100%)
(量子點(A)、散射劑(B)及樹脂(C)的值不含溶媒)
實施例 | 比較例 | ||||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 1 | ||
量子點(A) | A-1 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
樹脂(B) | B-1 | 51.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
B-2 | - | 51.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
B-3 | - | - | 51.5 | 51.5 | 51.5 | - | - | - | 51.5 | - | |
B-4 | - | - | - | - | - | 51.5 | 51.5 | - | - | - | |
B-5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 51.5 | - | - | |
B-6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 51.5 | |
光聚合性化合物(C) | C-1 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 6.9 | 17.2 |
C-2 | - | - | - | 10.3 | 10.3 | - | - | - | 10.3 | - | |
光聚合起始劑(D) | D-1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | - | 2.1 |
D-2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.1 | - | |
抗氧化劑(E) | E-1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | - | - | 4.1 | 4.1 |
E-2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.1 | 4.1 | - | - | |
調平劑(F) | F-1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 0.1 |
F-2 | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | |
溶劑(G) | G-1 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 | 186 |
G-2 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | |
散射劑(H) | H-1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
脂肪族三級胺化合物、及脂肪族四級胺鹽化合物的含有量 [質量%](硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分基準) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 |
光聚合性化合物(C-1):M-510(多鹼改質丙烯酸酯、東亞合成公司製造)
光聚合性化合物(C-2):A-9550(二季戊四醇聚丙烯酸酯、新中村化學公司製造)
光聚合起始劑(D-1):Oxe01(巴斯夫(BASF)公司製造)
光聚合起始劑(D-2):歐姆瑞德(Omnirad)907(艾堅蒙樹脂(IGM Resins)B.V.公司製造)抗氧化劑(E-1):蘇米萊澤(Sumilizer)-GP(磷/酚複合型、抗氧化劑、住友化學公司製造)
抗氧化劑(E-2):AO-60(酚系抗氧化劑、艾迪科(ADEKA)公司製造)
調平劑(F-1):SH8400(矽酮系調平劑、東麗道(Toray Dow)公司製造)
調平劑(F-2):F-554(氟系調平劑、迪愛生(DIC)公司製造)
溶劑(G-1):PGMEA(丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯)
溶劑(G-2):環己基乙酸酯
[表3]
實施例 | 比較例 | |||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 1 | |
發光強度 | 151 | 153 | 152 | 155 | 160 | 132 | 124 | 120 | 158 | 97 |
顯影時間(秒) | 107 | 100 | 98 | 91 | 89 | 125 | 126 | 125 | 87 | >180 |
排氣 [重量變化率(%)] | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
耐溶劑性(%) | 92 | 94 | 95 | 98 | 97 | 96 | 90 | 89 | 92 | 87 |
無
無。
Claims (11)
- 一種硬化性樹脂組成物,包含量子點(A)、樹脂(B)、光聚合性化合物(C)、光聚合起始劑(D)、抗氧化劑(E)、調平劑(F)及溶劑(G), 所述樹脂(B)中,聚苯乙烯換算的重量平均分子量小於10000,且酸價為90 mgKOH/g以上且150 mgKOH/g以下。
- 如請求項1所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述樹脂(B)包含丙烯酸當量為300 g/eq以上且2,000 g/eq以下的樹脂。
- 如請求項1或請求項2所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述樹脂(B)相對於所述光聚合性化合物(C)的質量比為1以上。
- 如請求項1至請求項3中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述光聚合起始劑(D)包含肟化合物。
- 如請求項1至請求項4中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述抗氧化劑(E)包含磷/酚複合型抗氧化劑。
- 如請求項1至請求項5中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其中所述調平劑(F)包含氟系界面活性劑或矽酮系界面活性劑。
- 如請求項1至請求項6中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物,其不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述硬化性樹脂組成物的固體成分的總量而小於0.4質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。
- 一種硬化膜,包含如請求項1至請求項7中任一項所述的硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 一種顯示裝置,包含如請求項8所述的硬化膜。
- 一種製造方法,是如請求項1所述的硬化性樹脂組成物的製造方法,其包括: 製備所述樹脂(B)的步驟,且 所述樹脂(B)不含脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物的任一者,或者含有相對於所述樹脂(B)的固體成分的總量而小於0.8質量%的脂肪族三級胺化合物及脂肪族四級銨鹽化合物中的至少一者。
- 如請求項10所述的製造方法,其中於製備所述樹脂(B)的步驟中,作為反應觸媒不使用胺化合物。
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