TW202031133A - 用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物 - Google Patents
用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202031133A TW202031133A TW108136330A TW108136330A TW202031133A TW 202031133 A TW202031133 A TW 202031133A TW 108136330 A TW108136330 A TW 108136330A TW 108136330 A TW108136330 A TW 108136330A TW 202031133 A TW202031133 A TW 202031133A
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- Prior art keywords
- starch
- derived
- cassava
- processed starch
- phosphoric acid
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Abstract
本發明之目的為減低澱粉的使用所引發之齲蝕的產生,並提供用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉的使用及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物。
Description
本發明係關於用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物。
澱粉為α-葡萄糖藉由糖苷鍵進行聚合而得之高分子化合物,已知性質係因成為其來源之植物而不同。因此,由於取決於澱粉原料的種類,直鏈的直鏈澱粉(amylose)與持有多數的分枝鏈之支鏈澱粉(amylopectin)之混合比不同,因而澱粉的糊化狀態的物性亦不同。
例如,源自樹薯之澱粉(樹薯澱粉)包含約17%直鏈澱粉,約83%支鏈澱粉,因而顯示出透明感較高,附著性較強的物性。另一方面,玉米澱粉包含約28%直鏈澱粉,約72%支鏈澱粉,因而顯示出黏度較低,附著性較低的物性。利用此種物性的差異,澱粉係在彈性或黏性的賦予、口感的改良等之目的下使用於加工食品中。
近年來,加工澱粉(酵素性、物理性、化學性)的開發正進行,以老化抑制、安定性維持等,除此以外,健康訴求為目的之利用正逐漸提高。作為經賦予新穎機能性之加工澱粉之利用例,以源自樹薯之高交聯度磷酸交聯澱粉作為相關成分之特定保健用食品就調理腸胃之目的而言已受到認可。
[先前技術文獻]
[非專利文獻]
[非專利文獻1]Oleo Science,15(9),p.407-414,2015「以食品的質地改良為目的之加工澱粉的使用方法」
[非專利文獻2]日本應用糖質科學會誌,1(1),p.34-38,2011「澱粉的加工及食品利用」
[發明所欲解決之課題]
然而,已知澱粉係由唾液中之α-澱粉酶歷經糊精至麥芽糖而受到分解。屬於口腔內細菌之變種鏈球菌(Mutans streptococci
)(以下,稱為「變種鏈球菌」)係藉由以口腔內之食物殘渣等為營養源並將麥芽糖進行代謝而產生乳酸。再者,使齒垢中之pH降低,溶解並侵蝕牙齒,因而澱粉成為齲蝕的原因之一便成為問題。
[解決課題之手段]
本發明之目的為提供用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用,特定而言,用於齲蝕預防劑之將樹薯澱粉進行乙酸化而得之乙酸澱粉、將樹薯澱粉進行磷酸交聯而得之磷酸交聯化澱粉及將玉米澱粉進行磷酸交聯而得之磷酸交聯化澱粉的使用,以及包含該加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物。
本發明者等人致力檢討之結果,發現藉由將樹薯澱粉及玉米澱粉製成加工澱粉,便發揮出即便在α-澱粉酶的存在下,加工澱粉亦變得不易受到分解之預想外之效果。
[發明效果]
根據本發明,係提供用來代替澱粉、減低齲蝕的產生、用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用,以及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物。
本發明係關於用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用及包含加工澱粉的齲蝕預防用食品組成物。
通常,已知澱粉係由唾液中所包含之α-澱粉酶歷經糊精至麥芽糖而受到分解。如此所生成之麥芽糖由齒垢中之變種鏈球菌分解為乳酸等有機酸,由於齒質會因此有機酸而脫鈣(demineralization),便產生齲蝕。
另一方面,本發明者致力檢討之結果,得知在未對源自樹薯之加工澱粉進行糊化處理之情況,在α-澱粉酶存在下施行經由變種鏈球菌之酸發酵試驗,結果分解會受到阻礙,試驗液(培養液)的pH亦成為弱酸性。由此,認為加工澱粉可使用於食品中以用於預防齲蝕。
[加工澱粉]
加工澱粉為將樹薯澱粉或玉米澱粉(corn starch)進行酵素性、物理性或化學性加工而得之物。樹薯澱粉包含16~17%直鏈澱粉,83~84%支鏈澱粉。另一方面,玉米澱粉係依玉米的種類,亦已知包含約26%直鏈澱粉,約74%支鏈澱粉者,或不包含直鏈澱粉,包含100%支鏈澱粉者。本發明之加工澱粉可列舉例如乙醯化己二酸交聯化澱粉、乙醯化磷酸交聯化澱粉、乙醯化氧化澱粉、辛烯基琥珀酸澱粉鈉、乙酸澱粉、氧化澱粉、羥丙基澱粉、羥丙基化磷酸交聯化澱粉、磷酸單酯化磷酸交聯化澱粉、磷酸化澱粉、磷酸交聯化澱粉等。該等之中,由於源自樹薯之加工澱粉及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉經由酸發酵試驗之分解係明顯地受到阻礙,有機酸的生成便受到壓制,試驗液的pH亦成為極弱酸性(pH5.7),故可期待藉由用來代替通常的澱粉而發揮出齲蝕預防效果。在此處,所謂通常的澱粉,係指不拘成為來源之植物,未經酵素性、物理性或化學性加工之澱粉。
作為本發明之加工澱粉用於預防齲蝕之於食品的使用,可列舉例如在食品組成物中使用本發明之加工澱粉來代替通常的澱粉。此外,在製造具有非齲蝕性之素材時,亦可用作撲粉。
作為將澱粉進行加工而獲得本發明之加工澱粉之方法,可列舉例如藉由將澱粉中之羥基以無水乙酸或乙酸乙烯酯製成乙酸酯而獲得乙酸澱粉之方法、藉由將澱粉中之羥基以無水辛烯基琥珀酸進行酯化後製成鈉鹽而獲得辛烯基琥珀酸澱粉鈉之方法、藉由將澱粉中之澱粉分子內或澱粉分子間之羥基以三偏磷酸鈉或磷醯氯進行酯化並交聯而獲得磷酸交聯化澱粉之方法、藉由將澱粉中之羥基以環氧丙烷進行醚化而獲得經導入羥丙基之羥丙基澱粉之方法、藉由將澱粉以次氯酸鈉等進行氧化處理而獲得氧化澱粉之方法等。作為獲得加工澱粉之方法,並不限於上述例,亦可使用通常所使用之方法。
本發明所使用之加工澱粉的加工程度只要是經由α-澱粉酶之加工澱粉的分解會受到抑制者即可。例如,若為乙酸澱粉,較佳為在乙酸澱粉中包含0.01重量%以上且2.5重量%以下的乙醯基者。此外,若為磷酸交聯化澱粉,較佳為磷酸交聯化澱粉中之磷含量為0.01重量%以上且0.5重量%以下者。
[齲蝕預防用食品組成物]
藉由在食品組成物中使用本發明之加工澱粉來代替通常的澱粉,可製成齲蝕預防用食品組成物。作為齲蝕預防用食品組成物,只要是可使用加工澱粉來代替以往的食品組成物中之澱粉者,任何食品組成物皆可,較佳為不含蔗糖等成為齲蝕的原因之物質者。
該等之中,作為齲蝕預防用食品組成物,較佳為錠劑(錠糖)及口香糖。在齲蝕預防用食品組成物為錠劑之情況,本發明之加工澱粉可用作崩解材。此外,在齲蝕預防用食品組成物為口香糖之情況,本發明之加工澱粉可用作口香糖製造時之糖質原料之代替原料或撲粉。
作為本發明之齲蝕預防用食品組成物中之加工澱粉的含量,較佳為1重量%以上且5重量%以下。只要加工澱粉在齲蝕預防用食品組成物中之含量為此範圍,即可一面呈現出與使用通常的澱粉之製品同樣不變的口味,一面預防齲蝕。
[實施例]
以下,針對實施例及比較例進行說明,但本發明並不限定於此等。
(1)有無糊化處理所得之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉之分解糖試驗
將以100℃10分鐘將源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉(商品名:日食MT-01,日本食品加工製)進行糊化而得之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及未施行糊化處理之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉供予分解糖試驗。
分解糖試驗係藉由在經糊化之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及未施行糊化處理之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉的0.2%水溶液1mL中各自添加5單位的α-澱粉酶(Sigma-Aldrich製),於37℃進行攪拌,而施行源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉之分解反應。反應開始後,在經過20分鐘、1小時、3小時之時點,將各反應液2μg點至薄層層析(商品名:TLC glass plate Silica gel 60(3×5cm),Merck Millipore製),使其完全乾燥後,使用丁醇:乙酸:水(2:1:1)進行展開。使用乾燥器使展開液完全乾燥後,藉由塗佈檢測液(10%硫酸水溶液),於120℃進行加熱,而對點進行檢測。將結果示於圖1。
由作為標準試料同時地進行展開之G所表示之葡萄糖之點(上)及M所表示之麥芽糖之點(下),得知經糊化之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉(糊化)在反應開始後20分鐘進行分解成為麥芽糖。此外,得知未施行糊化處理之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉(非糊化)亦經時性地分解,但與經糊化之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉相比較而言,分解係顯著地受到壓制。
(2)經由變種鏈球菌之源自樹薯之澱粉類之酸發酵性試驗
將變種鏈球菌(S. mutans
MT8148R株)在5mL的BHI液體培養基(以下,BHI培養基)中以37℃的厭氧靜置培養進行培養5~6小時。將施行培養而得之菌移至500mL的BHI培養基中,再進一步進行前培養18小時(OD=0.9)。將經前培養之變種鏈球菌以離心分離(3,000rpm,5分鐘)進行集菌,更換成同量的HI培養基(Becton Dickinson製) (OD=0.7)。以最終濃度成為5%之方式各自添加未加工之樹薯澱粉(商品名:松谷乾燥樹薯澱粉,松谷化學工業製)、α化樹薯澱粉(商品名:Amycol KF,日澱化學製)、源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉(商品名:日食MT-01,日本食品加工製)、源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉(商品名:Neobis T-100,日本食品加工製),再進一步以成為1單位/mL之方式添加α-澱粉酶(Sigma-Aldrich製)並進行培養。將經時性地測定培養液的pH之結果示於圖2。另外,對照組係表示經時性地測定在澱粉不存在下之α-澱粉酶添加後之培養液的pH之結果。另一方面,除了未添加α-澱粉酶以外,與上述方法同樣地進行培養。將經時性地測定培養液的pH之結果示於圖3。
再者,將培養液2μg點至薄層層析(商品名:TLC glass plate Silica gel 60(3×5cm),Merck Millipore製),使其完全乾燥後,使用丁醇:乙酸:水(2:1:1)進行展開。使用乾燥器使展開液完全乾燥後,藉由塗佈檢測液(10%硫酸水溶液),於120℃進行加熱,而對點進行檢測。將結果示於圖4。
如圖2所示,藉由在α-澱粉酶的存在下,將變種鏈球菌與未加工之樹薯澱粉進行培養6小時,培養液的pH降低至5.7左右。此外,藉由在α-澱粉酶的存在下,將變種鏈球菌與α化樹薯澱粉進行培養6小時,培養液的pH降低至4.4左右。已知琺瑯質的脫鈣係在pH5.7左右發生(岸光男等人,J. Dent. Hlth.,49;252-261,1999),因而可認為未加工之樹薯澱粉及α化樹薯澱粉不具有預防齲蝕的產生之效果。另外,對照組係表示在澱粉不存在下之酸發酵性試驗之結果。
相對於此,在α-澱粉酶的存在下,在將變種鏈球菌以包含源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉或源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉之培養基進行培養之情況,即便在經過6小時之時點,培養液的pH亦為中性至弱酸性的5.9~6.0左右。由此,得知源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉可預防齲蝕的產生。
另外,如圖3所示,在α-澱粉酶不存在下,即便將變種鏈球菌與各澱粉類進行培養,pH的值亦未見到顯著的變化,故可確認圖2所示之pH的降低係起因於由α-澱粉酶所分解出之各澱粉類的同化。
如圖4所示,由作為標準試料同時地進行展開之葡萄糖之點(上)及麥芽糖之點(下),得知α化樹薯澱粉在培養開始後1小時進行分解成為麥芽糖。此外,得知未加工之樹薯澱粉亦經時性地分解成麥芽糖。另一方面,源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉相對於α化樹薯澱粉及未加工之樹薯澱粉而言,分解係顯著地受到抑制。
(3)經由變種鏈球菌之源自玉米之加工澱粉之酸發酵性試驗
使用源自玉米之乙酸澱粉(商品名:S-400,昭和產業製)及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉(商品名:Food Starch NE-2,松谷化學工業製),除此以外,與「(2)經由變種鏈球菌之源自樹薯之澱粉類之酸發酵性試驗」所記載之方法同樣地,施行經由變種鏈球菌之源自玉米之乙酸澱粉及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉之酸發酵性試驗。將經時性地測定培養液的pH之結果示於圖5。
如圖5所示,在α-澱粉酶的存在下,在將變種鏈球菌與源自玉米之乙酸澱粉進行培養5小時之時點,培養液的pH降低至低於發生脫鈣之pH5.7之pH5.5左右。因此,可認為源自玉米之乙酸澱粉不具有預防齲蝕的產生之效果。
另一方面,在α-澱粉酶的存在下,在將變種鏈球菌以包含源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉之培養基進行培養之情況,即便在經過6小時之時點,培養液的pH亦為中性至弱酸性的5.9~6.0左右。由此,得知源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉可預防齲蝕的產生。
(4)包含源自樹薯之加工澱粉或源自玉米之加工澱粉之齲蝕預防用食品組成物
針對包含加工澱粉之錠劑、潔齒劑、口香糖、口臭用噴霧劑,如以下配方表,依照常法進行製造。惟,若所摻合之加工澱粉受到加熱而糊化,則會變得不具有齲蝕預防效果,因而在各自添加/混合源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉、源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉時,充分注意加工澱粉沒有在高溫受到長時間加熱。
(4-1)錠劑的製造
依照表1~6所示之配方,製造實施例1~6之錠劑。
[表1]
實施例1 | 重量% |
木糖醇 | 67 |
山梨糖醇 | 18.9 |
甘油脂肪酸酯 | 0.2 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.4 |
海蘿膠 | 0.2 |
純水 | 10.3 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 3 |
合計 | 100 |
[表2]
實施例2 | 重量% |
山梨糖醇 | 66 |
木糖醇 | 18.9 |
蔗糖脂肪酸酯 | 0.2 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
海蘿藻萃取物 | 0.1 |
純水 | 10.6 |
源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 4 |
合計 | 100 |
[表3]
實施例3 | 重量% |
木糖醇 | 67 |
乳糖 | 20 |
甘油脂肪酸酯 | 0.2 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.15 |
鹿角菜膠 | 0.15 |
純水 | 10.5 |
源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 2 |
合計 | 100 |
[表4]
實施例4 | 重量% |
木糖醇 | 90 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 3 |
食物纖維 | 3 |
水 | 4 |
合計 | 100 |
[表5]
實施例5 | 重量% |
木糖醇 | 92 |
源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 4 |
難消化性糊精 | 1 |
水 | 3 |
合計 | 100 |
[表6]
實施例6 | 重量% |
山梨糖醇 | 91 |
源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 5 |
聚右旋糖(polydextrose) | 1 |
水 | 3 |
合計 | 100 |
(4-2)潔齒劑的製造
依照表7~9所示之配方,製造實施例7~9之潔齒劑。
[表7]
實施例7 | 重量% |
氫氧化鋁 | 30 |
矽酸酐 | 20 |
木糖醇 | 15 |
月桂基硫酸鈉 | 1 |
香料 | 1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.6 |
純水 | 29.4 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 3 |
合計 | 100 |
[表8]
實施例8 | 重量% |
碳酸鈣 | 50 |
甘油 | 14 |
羧甲基纖維素 | 1 |
月桂基硫酸鈉 | 1 |
香料 | 1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.6 |
純水 | 27.4 |
源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 5 |
合計 | 100 |
[表9]
實施例9 | 重量% |
氫氧化鋁 | 30 |
矽酸酐 | 25 |
木糖醇 | 10 |
月桂基硫酸鈉 | 1 |
香料 | 1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.8 |
純水 | 28.2 |
源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 4 |
合計 | 100 |
(4-3)口香糖的製造
依照表10~15所示之配方,製造實施例10~15之口香糖。
[表10]
實施例10 | 重量% |
膠基質(gum base) | 25 |
木糖醇 | 69.7 |
鹿角菜膠 | 0.1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 5 |
合計 | 100 |
[表11]
實施例11 | 重量% |
膠基質 | 25 |
麥芽糖醇 | 24.4 |
木糖醇 | 46.3 |
海蘿膠 | 0.1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 4 |
合計 | 100 |
[表12]
實施例12 | 重量% |
膠基質 | 30 |
木糖醇 | 66.4 |
海蘿膠 | 0.2 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.4 |
源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 3 |
合計 | 100 |
[表13]
實施例13 | 重量% |
膠基質 | 25 |
木糖醇 | 69.7 |
海蘿藻萃取物 | 0.1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 5 |
合計 | 100 |
[表14]
實施例14 | 重量% |
膠基質 | 30 |
木糖醇 | 65.7 |
鹿角菜膠 | 0.1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 4 |
合計 | 100 |
[表15]
實施例15 | 重量% |
膠基質 | 29 |
麥芽糖醇 | 23 |
木糖醇 | 46.7 |
海蘿藻萃取物 | 0.1 |
磷酸氫鈣 | 0.2 |
源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉 | 1 |
合計 | 100 |
(4-4)口臭用噴霧劑的製造
依照表16所示之配方,製造實施例16之口臭用噴霧劑。
[表16]
實施例16 | 重量% |
乙醇 | 10 |
甘油 | 5 |
源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉 | 1 |
香料 | 0.05 |
著色料 | 0.01 |
水 | 83.94 |
合計 | 100 |
各個實施例1~16所製造出之齲蝕預防用食品組成物,顯示出齲蝕預防效果。
[圖1]示出經施行糊化處理之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及未進行糊化處理之源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉類經由α-澱粉酶之分解糖試驗之結果之圖。
[圖2]示出在α-澱粉酶存在下之經由變種鏈球菌之未加工之樹薯澱粉、α化樹薯澱粉、源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉之酸發酵性試驗之結果之圖表。
[圖3]示出在α-澱粉酶不存在下之經由變種鏈球菌之未加工之樹薯澱粉、α化樹薯澱粉、源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉之酸發酵性試驗之結果之圖表。
[圖4]示出未加工之樹薯澱粉、α化樹薯澱粉、源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉及源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉經由α-澱粉酶之分解糖試驗之經時變化之圖。
[圖5]示出在α-澱粉酶存在下之經由變種鏈球菌之源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉及源自玉米之乙酸澱粉之酸發酵性試驗之結果之圖表。
Claims (8)
- 一種用於預防齲蝕之加工澱粉於食品的使用。
- 如請求項1之使用,其中,前述加工澱粉為選自由源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉、源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉所構成之群組之至少一者。
- 如請求項1或2之使用,其係用來取代澱粉。
- 一種齲蝕預防用食品組成物,其包含加工澱粉。
- 如請求項4之齲蝕預防用食品組成物,其中,前述加工澱粉為選自由源自樹薯之乙酸澱粉、源自樹薯之磷酸交聯化澱粉及源自玉米之磷酸交聯化澱粉所構成之群組之至少一者。
- 如請求項4之齲蝕預防用食品組成物,其中,前述加工澱粉的含量為1重量%以上且5重量%以下。
- 如請求項4至6中任一項之齲蝕預防用食品組成物,其係錠劑。
- 如請求項4至6中任一項之齲蝕預防用食品組成物,其係口香糖。
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US4419346A (en) * | 1982-08-13 | 1983-12-06 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Method and composition to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans by the use of saccharin/fluoride combination |
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