TW201940576A - 樹脂組成物暨單層及多層薄膜 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物暨單層及多層薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201940576A TW201940576A TW108105470A TW108105470A TW201940576A TW 201940576 A TW201940576 A TW 201940576A TW 108105470 A TW108105470 A TW 108105470A TW 108105470 A TW108105470 A TW 108105470A TW 201940576 A TW201940576 A TW 201940576A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- propylene
- ethylene
- mass
- resin composition
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Classifications
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- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本發明的樹脂組成物,係含有:滿足下述(a)的丙烯系聚合體(A)35~59.9質量份;滿足下述(b)的軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)25~40質量份;含有由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的聚烯烴(C)0.1~10質量份;以及滿足下述(d)的乙烯系聚合體(D)15~30質量份;(其中,(A)、(B)、(C)及(D)合計設為100質量份);其中,根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係7g/10分以上且25g/10分以下。(a)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為120℃以上。(b)根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係0.01~100g/10分範圍內,且滿足下述要件(b-1)及(b-2)。(b-1)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為110℃以下、或未觀測到熔點。(b-2)具有由丙烯所衍生之構成單位、與由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種烯烴所衍生之構成單位,而由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量係30mol%以下,利用13C-NMR所測定同排三單位組分率(mm分率)為80%以上。(d)乙烯單聚物、或由乙烯與從碳原子數3~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴的共聚合體,根據ASTM D-1238,依190℃、2.16kg荷重所測定的MFR係0.1~10g/10分範圍內。含有由本發明樹脂組成物所形成層的單層或多層薄膜,係接著性,尤其是低熱量的接著性優異,且變形加工時的耐白化性優異,適合用為形成食品包裝材、建築用資材及鋰離子 電池外裝體等的包裝材料。又,上述單層或多層薄膜係即使高速下的變形加工與深衝加工,仍呈現良好的耐白化性。
Description
本發明係關於樹脂組成物暨單層及多層薄膜,更詳言之,係關於適用於食品包裝材、建築用資材、鋰離子電池外裝材等的單層及多層薄膜,以及該等薄膜所含有的樹脂組成物。
自習知起,聚丙烯被視為剛性、耐熱性、透明性等優異的熱可塑性成形材料而廣為使用。因為該聚丙烯係屬於非極性材料,因而例如與乙烯‧乙烯醇共聚合體等極性材料間欠缺接著性,期待接著性之改良,特別係低熱量的接著性獲提升。在改善接著性目的下,廣泛已知有將聚丙烯利用不飽和羧酸或其衍生物進行改質的技術。又,因為聚丙烯的柔軟性差,因而使用為接著劑時,通常在聚丙烯中摻合軟質橡膠成分。
若依此在聚丙烯中摻合軟質橡膠成分,雖可獲得接著性經改善的聚丙烯系接著劑(例如專利文獻1及專利文獻2),但另一方面,因為軟質橡膠成分在進行了例如深衝加工、彎折加工般之二次加工時成為白化的原因,因而亦要求耐白化性改良。尤其需要深衝加工、彎折加工的具體用途,可舉例如食品包裝材、建築用資材、鋰離子電池包裝材等。
其中,鋰離子電池近年對攜帶式電子機器、汽車等的使用正擴大中,且鋰離子電池因形狀自由度、對應小型化,而擴大 以多層薄膜作為包裝材料的袋式、壓花式外裝體的使用。該由多層薄膜構成的包裝材料,至少由基材層、金屬箔層及熱接著性樹脂層、以及將該等層中相鄰接2層予以接著的接著劑層所構成。因為多層薄膜的形狀自由度較大,因而在製造該等袋式、壓花式外裝體時容易加工,但當使多層薄膜變形時,有變形處出現白化的情況。若外裝體出現白化處則成為短路的肇因,故要求耐白化性優異的材料。
專利文獻3所記載的電池用包裝材料,係至少依序積層:基材層、至少單面具備有化成處理層的金屬箔層、酸改質聚烯烴層、以及由高熔點聚丙烯層與乙烯‧丙烯無規共聚層構成的熱封層;其中,上述高熔點聚丙烯層係較上述乙烯‧丙烯無規共聚層配置於更靠上述金屬箔層側,且熔點達150℃以上。該電池用包裝材料中,藉由將熔點達150℃以上的高熔點聚丙烯層配置於較乙烯‧丙烯無規共聚層更靠金屬箔層側,即使因過充電等導致外裝體內部發生溫度上升的情況,高熔點聚丙烯層仍不致熔解,防止金屬端子與金屬箔層間之接觸,可抑制內部短路發生。但是,針對該電池用包裝材料仍無法期待充分的耐白化性。
專利文獻4所記載的電池包裝薄膜用聚丙烯系樹脂組成物,係利用多段式聚合獲得,由含有乙烯含量等滿足特定條件之丙烯系聚合體成分(A1)與丙烯-乙烯無規共聚合體成分(A2)的丙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚合體(A)構成。並記載由該組成物形成的薄膜係耐熱性、密封性及成形性均優異,並具有較高的密封強度與耐衝擊性,且變形加工時的耐白化性與耐龜裂性等均衡佳且全體獲提升的效果。但是,相關耐白化性,實況尚未達所要求水準。
再者,近年為了提升生產性,高速成形已成為主流。若提高成形速度,則為了進行接著而施加的熱量降低,導致有無法獲得充分接著力的情況,因而期待在此種高速成形下仍能賦予良好接著力的接著性樹脂。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開平9-111069號公報
專利文獻2:日本專利特開平4-300933號公報
專利文獻3:日本專利特開2007-273398號公報
專利文獻4:日本專利特開2015-230777號公報
本發明係有鑑於上述問題,目的在於提供:能使用於食品包裝材、建築用資材及鋰離子電池外裝體等,接著性、尤其是低熱量的接著性優異,且變形加工時耐白化性優異的包裝材料;另一目的在於提供:尤其可利用共擠出、積層塗佈、層壓等成形法而製成的包裝材料。
達成上述目的之本發明的樹脂組成物,係含有:滿足下述(a)的丙烯系聚合體(A)35~59.9質量份;滿足下述(b)的軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)25~40質量份;含有由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的聚烯烴(C)0.1~10質量份;以及 滿足下述(d)的乙烯系聚合體(D)15~30質量份;(其中,(A)、(B)、(C)及(D)合計設為100質量份);根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係7g/10分以上且25g/10分以下。
(a)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為120℃以上。
(b)根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係在0.01~100g/10分範圍內,且滿足下述要件(b-1)及(b-2):
(b-1)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為110℃以下、或未觀測到熔點。
(b-2)具有由丙烯所衍生之構成單位、與由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種烯烴所衍生之構成單位,而由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量係30mol%以下,利用13C-NMR所測定之同排三單位組分率(mm分率)為80%以上。
(d)乙烯單聚物、或乙烯與從碳原子數3~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴的共聚合體,根據ASTM D-1238,依190℃、2.16kg荷重所測定的MFR係在0.1~10g/10分範圍內。
上述樹脂組成物中,聚烯烴(C)係依由順丁烯二酸酐所衍生之構造單位換算計含有由不飽和羧酸所衍生之構造單位0.01~5質量%,又在聚烯烴(C)中,上述由不飽和羧酸所衍生之構造單位除外的構造單位中,由丙烯所衍生之構造單位的含有比率較佳係90~100莫耳%。
本發明的單層或多層薄膜係至少含有1層之含上述樹脂組成物的層。
本發明多層薄膜一態樣係可舉例如:含有:至少1層之含上述樹脂組成物的層、以及至少2層之含上述組成物之層以外的其他層;含有上述組成物之層的雙面係鄰接於上述其他層的多層薄膜。
本發明多層薄膜一態樣係可舉例如:含有:至少1層之含上述樹脂組成物的層,以及至少1層之從含金屬層、聚烯烴層及極性樹脂層中所選擇之層;含上述組成物的層係鄰接於上述含金屬層、聚烯烴層及極性樹脂層中之至少1層的多層薄膜。
本發明的單層或多層薄膜係可使用為食品包裝材用、建築用資材用及電池包裝用薄膜。
本發單層或多層薄膜的製造方法係將上述樹脂組成物施行熔融擠出成形。
含有由本發明樹脂組成物所形成層的單層或多層薄膜,係接著性、尤其是低熱量的接著性優異,且變形加工時耐白化性優異,適合用於形成食品包裝材、建築用資材及鋰離子電池外裝體等的包裝材料。又,上述單層或多層薄膜係即使高速下的變形加工與深衝加工時仍顯示良好耐白化性。上述單層或多層薄膜可利用共擠出、積層塗佈、層壓等成形法製成。
本發明的樹脂組成物係含有:丙烯系聚合體(A)、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)、含有由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的聚烯烴(C)、以及乙烯系聚合體(D)。
丙烯系聚合體(A)係可舉例如:丙烯單聚物、或丙烯與至少1種丙烯以外的碳原子數2~20之α-烯烴的共聚合體。此處,丙烯以外的碳原子數2~20之α-烯烴係可舉例如:乙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-廿碳烯等,較佳係乙烯、或碳原子數4~10的α-烯烴。
丙烯與該等α-烯烴的共聚合體係可為無規共聚合體、亦可為嵌段共聚合體。由該等α-烯烴衍生的構造單位,係在α-烯烴與丙烯的共聚合體中可依35莫耳%以下、較佳係30莫耳%以下的比例含有。
丙烯系聚合體(A)係滿足下述要件(a):
(a)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為120℃以上。
上述熔點(Tm)較佳係120~170℃、更佳係130~165℃。
丙烯系聚合體(A)根據ASTM D1238,依230℃、荷重2.16kg所測定的熔體流動速率(MFR)係0.01~1000g/10分、較佳係在0.05~100g/10分範圍內。
上述丙烯系聚合體(A)係不論等規構造、間規構造均可,如後述,可考慮與軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)的相容性後選擇任一種構造。
即,上述丙烯系聚合體(A)的形態係可舉例如:等規丙烯系聚合體(A1)、與間規丙烯系聚合體(A2)。
等規丙烯系聚合體(A1)係可舉例如:耐熱性優異的同元聚丙烯 (例如通常丙烯以外的共聚合成分為3mol%以下之公知同元聚丙烯)、耐熱性與柔軟性間之均衡優異的嵌段聚丙烯(例如通常具有3~30質量%正癸烷溶出橡膠成分的公知嵌段聚丙烯)、以及柔軟性與透明性間之均衡優異的無規聚丙烯(例如通常利用示差掃描熱量計DSC所測定之熔解尖峰為120℃以上、較佳130℃~150℃範圍內的公知無規聚丙烯),為了獲得目的物性,可從該等中適當選擇,或併用2種以上不同熔點或剛性的上述聚丙烯成分。
此種等規丙烯系聚合體(A1)係藉由例如在由含有鎂、鈦、鹵及電子授體作為必要成分的固態觸媒成分、有機鋁化合物及電子授體所構成的齊格勒觸媒系、或使用二茂金屬化合物作為觸媒一成分的二茂金屬觸媒系中,使丙烯進行聚合、或由丙烯與其他α-烯烴進行共聚合而可製造。
間規丙烯系聚合體(A2)係含有:由丙烯所衍生之構造單位90mol%以上、以及由從乙烯與碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇一種以上所衍生之構造單位10mol%以下;較佳係含有:由丙烯所衍生之構造單位91mol%以上、以及由從乙烯與碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇一種以上所衍生之構造單位9mol%以下(其中,二者構造單位合計設為100mol%)。
碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴係可舉例如:1-丁烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-廿碳烯等。
間規丙烯系聚合體(A2)係例如可使用國際公開號碼WO2011/078054號所記載手法進行製造。
軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)係滿足下述要件(b):(b)根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係為0.01~100g/10分範圍內,且滿足下述要件(b-1)及(b-2):
(b-1)熔點(Tm)為110℃以下、或未觀測到熔點。
(b-2)具有由丙烯所衍生之構成單位、與由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種烯烴所衍生之構成單位,而由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量係30mol%以下,利用13C-NMR所測定之同排三單位組分率(mm分率)達80%以上。
以下,針對要件(b)等進行詳述。
軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)的熔體流動速率(MFR;ASTM D-1238、230℃、2.16kg荷重下)係0.01~100g/10分、較佳係0.01~30g/10分。
再者,軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)係滿足要件(b-1)與(b-2)。
示差掃描熱量測定時所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為110℃以下、或未觀測到熔點。此處所謂「未觀測到熔點」係指在示差掃描熱量測定中,於-150~200℃範圍內,未觀測到結晶熔解熱量為1J/g以上的結晶熔解尖峰。熔點測定條件的詳細係如後述實施例項中所記載。
上述熔點(Tm)較佳係40~110℃、更佳係45~108℃。若熔點(Tm) 滿足上述條件,從與丙烯系聚合體間之相溶性及透明性的觀點而言係較佳。
具有由丙烯所衍生之構成單位、與由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種烯烴所衍生之構成單位,而由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量係30mol%以下,利用13C-NMR所測定之同排三單位組分率(mm分率)為80%以上。
碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴係可舉例如:3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、1-十四碳烯、1-十六碳烯、1-十八碳烯、1-廿碳烯等。從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇至少1種烯烴特佳係乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、1-辛烯。
由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量,較佳係5~30mol%、更佳係7~26mol%。
由13C-NMR測定所計算出的同排三單位組分率(mm),較佳係85%以上。若同排三單位組分率(mm)在上述範圍內,由保持機械物性與耐油性的觀點而言係較佳。
軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)在135℃十氫化萘中測定的極限黏度[η]係0.1~10dL/g、較佳係0.5~10dL/g。
該軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)利用X射線繞射所測定的結晶化度 較佳係20%以下、更佳係0~15%。
該軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)係具有單一的玻璃轉移溫度,利用示差掃描熱量測定(DSC)所獲得的玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)通常係-50℃~10℃、較佳係-40℃~0℃、更佳係-35℃~0℃範圍。軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)係若玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)在上述範圍內,則耐寒性、低溫特性均優異,且能顯現出應力吸收性能,故較佳。
示差掃描熱量測定係例如如下述實施。將試料10.00mg左右填塞於專用鋁鍋中,使用精工儀器(股)公司製DSCRDC220,依200℃/min從30℃升溫至200℃,經於200℃下保持5分鐘後,再依10℃/min從200℃降溫至-100℃,再於-100℃下保持5分鐘,接著從依10℃/min進行升溫時的吸熱曲線求取上述玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)。
再者,軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)利用GPC所測定的分子量分佈(Mw/Mn、聚苯乙烯換算、Mw:重量平均分子量、Mn:數量平均分子量),較佳係3.5以下、更佳係3.0以下、特佳係2.5以下。又,下限值係例如1.5以上。
軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)亦可其中一部分利用極性單體進行接枝改質。極性單體係可舉例如:含羥基之乙烯性不飽和化合物、含胺基之乙烯性不飽和化合物、含環氧基之乙烯性不飽和化合物、芳香族乙烯系化合物、不飽和羧酸或其衍生物、乙烯酯化合物、氯乙烯等。經改質的軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)係藉由使極性單體接枝聚合於如上述般之軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)而可獲得。在使如上述極性單體接枝聚合於軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)時,相對於軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)100質量份,極性單體通常使用1~100質量 份、較佳5~80質量份的量。該接枝聚合通常係在自由基起始劑存在下進行。自由基起始劑係可使用有機過氧化物或偶氮化合物等。自由基起始劑可與軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)及極性單體直接混合使用,亦可先溶解於少量有機溶劑中之後才使用。該有機溶劑若為能溶解自由基起始劑的有機溶劑,其餘並無特別的限定而均可使用。又,當使極性單體接枝聚合於軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)時,亦可使用還原性物質。若使用還原性物質,可提升極性單體的接枝量。
軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)之利用極性單體進行的接枝改質,係可利用習知公知方法實施,例如將軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)溶解於有機溶劑中,接著將極性單體與自由基起始劑等添加於溶液中,於70~200℃、較佳80~190℃溫度下,進行0.5~15小時、較佳1~10小時反應則可實施。又,利用擠出機等,在無溶劑下,使軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)與極性單體進行反應,亦可製得經改質的軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)。該反應通常最好在軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)的熔點以上、具體而言120~250℃的溫度,通常施行0.5~10分鐘。
依此所獲得之改質軟質丙烯系共聚合體的改質量(極性單體的接枝量),通常係0.1~50質量%、較佳係0.2~30質量%、更佳係0.2~10質量%。
若本發明的丙烯系聚合體組成物中含有上述改質軟質丙烯系共聚合體,則有在與其他樹脂間之接著性、相溶性優異,且成形體表面之潤濕性獲改良的情況。
丙烯‧α-烯烴無規共聚合體(B)係例如可使用國際公開號碼WO2004/087775號公報所記載手法進行製造。
上述軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)的較佳形態係可舉例如 以下的丙烯‧丁烯共聚合體(B1)、及丙烯‧乙烯共聚合體(B2)。
上述丙烯‧丁烯共聚合體(B1)係在上述軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)中,含有由丙烯所衍生之構造單位70~95莫耳%量、較佳係70~89莫耳%量。
具有此種組成的丙烯‧丁烯共聚合體(B1)係與上述丙烯系聚合體(A)間具有良好相容性。
丙烯‧乙烯共聚合體(B2)係在上述軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)中,含有由丙烯所衍生之構造單位70~95莫耳%量、較佳係70~93莫耳%量。
聚烯烴(C)係含有由將聚烯烴利用不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物施行改質而獲得,由其不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生的構造單位。
接受改質的聚烯烴係可舉例如:聚丙烯(c1)、乙烯‧丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c2)、及乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)。
聚烯烴(C)係可單獨使用1種、亦可為2種以上的混合物。例如:聚丙烯(c1)的改質體、乙烯‧丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c2)的改質體、及乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)的改質體中之任1種、或該等2種以上的混合物。
聚丙烯(c1)係例如丙烯的單聚物及/或丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體。α-烯烴並無限定,較佳可舉例如乙烯、及碳數4~20之α-烯烴,該等α-烯烴係可單獨使用1種、亦可使用2種以上。較佳α-烯烴係乙烯、碳數4~10之α-烯烴,其中特佳係乙烯及碳數4~8之α-烯烴。此處,丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體中,由丙烯所衍生 之構造單位的含有量係至少50莫耳%以上、且未滿100%。
聚丙烯(c1)的極限黏度[η]較佳係0.1~10dl/g。若極限黏度[η]在該範圍內,可獲得成形性與機械強度均優異的組成物。
聚丙烯(c1)的製造方法並無特別的限定,可舉例如使用齊格勒-納塔觸媒、二茂金屬系觸媒等周知觸媒的周知方法。
聚丙烯(c1)較佳係結晶性聚合體,當共聚合體的情況,可為無規共聚合體、亦可為嵌段共聚合體。又,若滿足成形性,且具有能承受作為成形體時之強度,則相關立體規則性、分子量均無特別的限制。亦可直接使用市售樹脂。
聚丙烯(c1)係例如同元聚丙烯或丙烯‧α-烯烴無規共聚合體。又,亦可含有數種不同的等規聚丙烯。
乙烯‧丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c2)係例如下述(i)及(ii)所規定:
(i)含有:由丙烯所衍生之構造單位45~90莫耳%、由乙烯所衍生之構造單位10~25莫耳%、由碳數4~20之α-烯烴所衍生之構造單位1~30莫耳%。
(ii)在135℃十氫化萘中的極限黏度[η]係在0.1~10dl/g範圍內。
上述α-烯烴較佳係可使用碳數4~10之α-烯烴,可單獨使用1種、亦可使用2種以上。相關由各單體所衍生之構造單位的比率,較佳係丙烯50~85莫耳%、乙烯10~22莫耳%、α-烯烴5~28莫耳%,更佳係丙烯55~80莫耳%、乙烯10~20莫耳%、α-烯烴10~28莫耳%。
相關(ii),極限黏度[η]更佳係0.5~8範圍、特佳係0.8~6範圍。若極限黏度[η]在上述範圍內,可獲得柔軟性與機械強度間之 均衡優異、且接著力高的接著劑。
乙烯‧丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c2)的製造方法並無特別的限定,可採取使用例如齊格勒-納塔觸媒、二茂金屬系觸媒等周知觸媒的周知方法進行製造。
乙烯‧丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c2)係若滿足成形性,且具有能承受作為成形體使用時之強度,則相關立體規則性、分子量均無特別的限制。亦可直接使用市售樹脂。
乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)係例如下述(iii)與(iv)所規定:
(iii)含有由乙烯所衍生之構造單位50~99莫耳%、由碳數3~20之α-烯烴所衍生之構造單位1~50莫耳%。
(iv)在135℃十氫化萘中的極限黏度[η]係在0.1~10dl/g範圍內。
α-烯烴更佳係碳數3~10之α-烯烴,可單獨使用1種、亦可使用2種以上。相關由各單體所衍生之構造單位的比率,較佳係乙烯55~98莫耳%、α-烯烴2~45莫耳%,更佳係乙烯60~95莫耳%、α-烯烴5~40莫耳%。
相關(iv),極限黏度[η]更佳係0.5~8範圍、特佳係0.8~6範圍。若極限黏度[η]在上述範圍內,可獲得柔軟性與機械強度間之均衡優異、且接著力高的組成物。
乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)的製造方法並無特別的限定,可例如使用齊格勒-納塔觸媒、二茂金屬系觸媒等周知觸媒的周知方法。
乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)係若成形性優良,且能確保可承受作為成形體使用時之強度,則相關立體規則性、分子量均 無特別的限制。乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(c3)亦可直接使用市售樹脂。
改質該等聚烯烴的不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物,係可舉例如:具有1個以上羧酸基的不飽和化合物、具羧酸基之化合物與烷基醇的酯、具有1以上羧酸酐基的不飽和化合物等。不飽和化合物所具有的不飽和基係可舉例如:乙烯基、亞乙烯基、不飽和環狀烴基等。不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物係可單獨使用1種、亦可組合使用2種以上。該等之中,較佳係不飽和二羧酸或其酸酐,更佳係順丁烯二酸、納迪克酸或該等的酸酐。
聚烯烴(C)所含有之由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的量,依由順丁烯二酸酐所衍生之構造單位換算計較佳係0.01~5質量%、更佳係0.05~3.5質量%。若由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的量在上述範圍內,可獲得成形性與接著性之均衡優異的樹脂組成物。
聚烯烴(C)中,由上述不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位以外的構造單位中,由丙烯所衍生之構造單位的含有比率較佳係90~100莫耳%、更佳係95~100莫耳%。若由丙烯所衍生之構造單位的含有比率在上述範圍內,可獲得耐熱性優異的樹脂組成物。
相關使不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物接枝的方法並無特別的限定,可採用溶液法、熔融混練法等習知公知的接枝聚合法。例如:將聚烯烴熔融,於其中添加不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物並使其接枝反應的方法,或者將聚烯烴溶解於溶劑中作成溶液,再於其中添加不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物並使其接枝反應的方法等。
本發明所使用的乙烯系聚合體(D)係乙烯單聚物、或乙烯與從碳原子數3~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴的共聚合體,可利用下述(i)所規定的乙烯單聚物與乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體,而上述共聚合體較佳係下述(ii)所規定的乙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體。
(i)根據ASTM D-1238,依190℃、2.16kg荷重所測定的MFR係在0.1~10g/10分範圍內。
(ii)含有:由乙烯所衍生之構成單位50~99mol%、由從碳數3~20之α-烯烴中所選擇α-烯烴衍生的構成單位1~50mol%。
相關上述共聚合體,α-烯烴更佳係可使用碳數3~10之α-烯烴,若在該範圍內,則可單獨使用1種、亦可使用2種以上。相關各單體成分的比率,較佳係乙烯:55~98mol%、α-烯烴:2~45mol%,更佳係乙烯:60~95mol%、α-烯烴:5~40mol%。
相關上述(i),MFR較佳係0.5~8g/10分範圍、更佳係1~6g/10分範圍。若MFR在上述範圍內,可獲得柔軟性與機械強度之均衡優異、且接著力高的接著劑。
乙烯系聚合體(D)的製造方法並無特別的限定,可採取高壓法、使用齊格勒-納塔觸媒、二茂金屬系觸媒等周知觸媒的周知方法進行製造。又,若滿足成形性,且具有能承受作為成形體使用時之強度,則相關立體規則性、分子量均無特別的限制。亦可直接使用市售樹脂。乙烯系聚合體(D)係在滿足上述條件的前提下,亦可接枝少量的順丁烯二酸酐等。又,在滿足上述條件的前提下,亦可在接枝了少量順丁烯二酸酐等之後,再將接枝單體利用二胺、羰二醯亞胺等進行修飾。
本發明樹脂組成物中,在不致損及本發明效果之範圍內,亦可適當含有與本發明不同組成的丙烯-乙烯嵌段共聚合體、丙烯單聚物、丙烯-乙烯無規共聚合體、丙烯-乙烯-丁烯無規共聚合體、苯乙烯系彈性體、聚乙烯等其他成分。本發明樹脂組成物中所佔有的其他成分之比率較佳係20質量%以下。
此外,視需要亦可含有例如:抗氧化劑、紫外線吸收劑、中和劑、成核劑、光安定劑、抗靜電劑、防黏劑、滑劑、吸臭劑、抗菌劑、顏料、無機質與有機質填充劑、以及各種合成樹脂等公知添加劑。
本發明的樹脂組成物係使用習知公知方法而可製造。例如藉由將上述各成分進行熔融混練而可製造。
本發明樹脂組成物中的丙烯系聚合體(A)、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)、聚烯烴(C)、乙烯系聚合體(D)之含有量,係將丙烯系聚合體(A)、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)、聚烯烴(C)、乙烯系聚合體(D)之含有量合計設為100質量份時,較佳係丙烯系聚合體(A)35~59.9質量份、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)25~40質量份、聚烯烴(C)0.1~10質量份、乙烯系聚合體(D)15~30質量份,更佳係丙烯系聚合體(A)35~55質量份、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)25~35質量份、聚烯烴(C)1~7質量份、乙烯系聚合體(D)20~30。藉由本發明樹脂組成物中的上述成分之含有量在上述範圍內,可使接著性尤其是低熱量的接著性高、且 含有由本組成物所獲得層的薄膜係在變形加工時更加不易白化。
本發明樹脂組成物根據ASTM D-1238,依照230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定的MFR係7g/10分以上且25g/10分以下、較佳係8g/10分以上且15g/10分以下。若MFR為上述範圍內,則即使在高速成形條件下施行薄膜成形,仍可輕易緩和分子鏈的配向,可抑制爾後變形加工時的白化現象。
變形加工時的白化係若產生微細龜裂時則發生。若薄膜發生微細龜裂,則當作成電池包材時將導致絕緣性變差。
本發明的單層及多層薄膜係具有至少1層之含有上述樹脂組成物之層的單層或多層薄膜。即,本發明的單層薄膜係由含上述樹脂組成物之層構成的薄膜,多層薄膜係具有至少1層之含有上述樹脂組成物之層的多層薄膜。
本發明的單層及多層薄膜係變形加工時的耐白化性優異。所以,將本發明單層及多層薄膜使用為食品包裝材、建築用資材、鋰離子電池外裝材等時,在施行深衝加工、彎折等薄膜二次加工時不易發生白化。所以,本發明的單層及多層薄膜適合使用為食品包裝材、建築用資材、電池包裝用薄膜。
特別係形成鋰離子電池外裝體的包裝材料,截至目前為止均使用聚丙烯系樹脂,但本發明藉由使用前述丙烯系聚合體(A)、軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)、聚烯烴(C)、及乙烯系聚合體(D)的特定組合,可實現防止習知聚丙烯系樹脂所無法防範之白化。
本發明的多層薄膜係例如具有至少1層之含有上述 樹脂組成物之層,且含上述組成物之層的單面或雙面鄰接該多層薄膜所含的其他層。與含上述組成物之層鄰接的其他層係可舉例如:含金屬層、聚烯烴層及極性樹脂層。含金屬層係可舉例如:鋁層、銅層、不銹鋼層等,聚烯烴層係可舉例如:聚丙烯層、聚-4-甲基戊烯層、聚乙烯層等,極性樹脂層係可舉例如:聚醯胺層、EVOH層、PET層、PBT層等。
本發明的單層及多層薄膜係利用熔融擠出成形而可獲得,利用一般工業性採行的澆鑄法、吹塑氣法、擠出積層法等則可製造。
以下,列舉實施例與比較例,針對本發明進行更具體說明,惟本發明在不逾越主旨之前提下,並不受該等實施例的任何約束。
本實施例等係依照以下方法實施測定。
依照ASTM D1238,在230℃、2.16kg荷重下實施熔融流動速率測定。
極限黏度[η]係根據ASTM D1601進行測定。
將實施例及比較例所獲得之普通成形時及高速成形時的耐白化性評價用多層薄膜(聚丙烯層/接著劑層/鋁層),使用嚙合深度 5mm的模具,依速度200mm/min施行深衝成形。針對所獲得成形體之壁面上發生的白化程度,利用目視依照下述基準施行評價。
A:無白化
B:些微白化
C:明顯白化
將實施例及比較例所獲得的接著力測定用多層薄膜(鋁層/接著劑層/鋁層)切成寬20mm,針對鋁層與接著劑層間之接著力(單位:N/20mm),使用拉伸試驗機,依照180°剝離法在室溫23℃下進行測定。夾頭速度設為200mm/min。
丙烯系共聚合體中由丙烯所衍生之構造單位、由α-烯烴所衍生之構造單位的含量,係利用13C-NMR,使用以下裝置及條件下實施。
丙烯、α-烯烴含量定量、及同排三單位組分率(mm分率)係使用日本電子(股)製JEC×400P型核磁共振裝置,溶劑使用重鄰二氯苯/重苯(80/20容量%)混合溶劑、試料濃度60mg/0.6mL、測定溫度120℃、觀測核13C(100MHz)、鏈段為單脈波質子去偶、脈衝寬為4.62μ秒(45°脈衝)、重複時間5.5秒、積分次數8000次,將29.73ppm設為化學位移基準值進行測定。
熔點(Tm)、玻璃轉移點(Tg)係使用精工儀器公司製DSC220C裝置作為示差掃描熱量計(DSC)進行測定。將試料5~10mg密封於鋁鍋中作為試料。溫度分佈係從室溫起依50℃/分升溫至230℃後,於230℃下保持5分鐘,接著依10℃/min降溫至-80℃,於-80℃下保持5分鐘,然後依10℃/min升溫至230℃。從第二次升溫時的圖表獲得熔點(Tm)與玻璃轉移點(Tg)。
聚合體分子量及分子量分佈係使用由管柱之東曹股份有限公司製TSKgelGMH6-HT×2支、及TSKgelGMH6-HTL×2支(管柱尺寸均係直徑7.5mm、長度300mm)串聯連接的液相色層分析儀(Waters製AIIiance/GPC2000型)進行測定。移動相介質係使用鄰二氯苯及作為抗氧化劑之BHT(武田藥品)0.025質量%,依試料濃度0.15%(V/W)、流速1.0mL/分、140℃進行測定。標準聚苯乙烯係使用分子量500~20,600,000的東曹公司製。所獲得色層分析圖係使用Waters製數據處理軟體Empower2,依照公知方法,藉由使用標準聚苯乙烯樣品的標準曲線進行解析,而計算出Mn、Mw、及Mw/Mn。
實施例及比較例所使用的聚烯烴係如下示。又,在無特別聲明之下,任一聚烯烴均係依照常法進行聚合而製備。
PP-1:無規聚丙烯
(丙烯96mol%、乙烯4mol%、Tm140℃)
PR-1:由下述合成例1所合成的丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(由1-丁烯所衍生之構造單位26mol%、由丙烯所衍生之構造單位74mol%)
PR-2:下述合成例2所合成的丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(由乙烯所衍生之構造單位14mol%、由丙烯所衍生之構造單位86mol%)
改質PP-1:改質同元聚丙烯
(順丁烯二酸酐接枝量3.0質量%、[η]0.4)
EPR:乙烯‧丙烯共聚合體
(由乙烯所衍生之構造單位80mol%、由丙烯所衍生之構造單位20mol%、MFR:3.0g/10分)
PE:低密度聚乙烯
(MFR:2.8g/10分、密度0.92g/cm3)
在充分經氮置換的20L聚合裝置中,於常溫中裝填入乾燥己烷8.7L、1-丁烯900g、及三異丁鋁(1.0mmol)後,將聚合裝置內溫升溫至65℃,利用丙烯加壓至0.7MPa。接著,將使二甲基亞甲基(3-第三丁基-5-甲基環戊二烯基)茀基二氯化鋯0.002mmol、與鋁換算0.6mmol之甲鋁氧烷(東曹精化公司製)進行接觸的甲苯溶液添加於聚合器內,一邊保持內溫65℃、丙烯壓0.7MPa,一邊進行聚合30分鐘,然後添加20mL甲醇而停止聚合。
經脫壓後,於20L甲醇中,從聚合溶液中析出聚合物(丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(PR-1)),在真空下,依130℃施行乾燥12小時。
丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(PR-1)係質量130g、丙烯含有量74莫耳%、丁烯含有量26莫耳%、熔點(Tm)75℃、MFR(溫度230℃、荷重2.16kg)7g/10分、分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)2.1、同排三單位組分率(mm分率)93%。重複施行上述操作,獲得必要量的聚合物。
依照與合成例1同樣的方法,除了取代1-丁烯,改為使用乙烯之外,其餘均依照同樣的方法進行合成,獲得丙烯‧乙烯共聚合體(丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(PR-2))。
丙烯‧α-烯烴共聚合體(PR-2)係丙烯含有量86mol%、乙烯含有量14mol%、熔點(Tm)80℃、MFR(溫度230℃、荷重2.16kg)8g/10分、分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)2.2、同排三單位組分率(mm分率)88%。
將PP-1:40質量份、PR-1:30質量份、改質PP-1:5質量份、EPR:15質量份、及PE:10質量份,使用單軸擠出機,依230℃施行熔融混練而製備樹脂組成物。將該組成物作為接著劑1。
將市售聚丙烯(Prime Polymer公司製F329RA、MFR:24)、及接著劑1,使用直徑50mm、有效長度L/D:28的螺桿,於290℃下進行共擠出。所擠出的聚丙烯與接著劑在分流器內,依聚丙烯成為外層、接著劑成為內層的方式進行積層,而製得外層與內 層均為20μm之厚度約40μm之薄膜狀積層體。模頭溫度係290℃。使積層體依熔融狀態接觸於鋁箔(厚度20μm)表面後,在利用具夾送輥之冷硬軋輥進行冷卻之下,依50m/分的速度進行牽引,獲得普通成形時的耐白化性評價用多層薄膜(聚丙烯層/接著劑層/鋁層)。同樣,將上述積層體依100m/分的速度進行牽引,獲得高速成形時的耐白化性評價用多層薄膜(聚丙烯層/接著劑層/鋁層)。
再者,利用設有T型模頭的擠出成形機,由接著劑1成形厚50μm薄膜。將所獲得薄膜夾置於厚300μm的2片鋁箔中,利用熱封口機,於160℃、0.1MPa條件下施行熱封5秒鐘,獲得低熱量接著的接著力測定用多層薄膜(鋁層/接著劑層/鋁層)。同樣地,在180℃、0.1MPa條件下施行5秒鐘熱封,獲得普通接著的接著力測定用多層薄膜(鋁層/接著劑層/鋁層)。
實施例2~4、比較例1~3係分別依照表1所示摻合處方,依照與實施例1同樣的方法製造樹脂組成物。將實施例2所獲得組成物作為接著劑2,實施例3所獲得組成物作為接著劑3、實施例4所獲得組成物作為接著劑4、比較例1所獲得組成物作為接著劑5、比較例2所獲得組成物作為接著劑6、比較例3所獲得組成物作為接著劑7。使用各接著劑,依照與實施例1同樣地製造耐白化性評價用多層薄膜與接著力測定用多層薄膜。
實施例及比較例所獲得之接著劑的MFR、以及相關由該接著劑所製作之多層薄膜的接著力與耐白化性評價結果,如表1所示。
[表1]
Claims (9)
- 一種樹脂組成物,係含有:滿足下述(a)的丙烯系聚合體(A)35~59.9質量份;滿足下述(b)的軟質丙烯系共聚合體(B)25~40質量份;含有由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位的聚烯烴(C)0.1~10質量份;以及滿足下述(d)的乙烯系聚合體(D)15~30質量份(其中,(A)、(B)、(C)及(D)合計設為100質量份);根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係7g/10分以上且25g/10分以下;(a)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為120℃以上;(b)根據ASTM D-1238,依230℃、2.16kg荷重所測定之MFR係0.01~100g/10分範圍內,且滿足下述要件(b-1)及(b-2):(b-1)示差掃描熱量測定中所觀測到之熔點(Tm)為110℃以下、或未觀測到熔點;(b-2)具有由丙烯所衍生之構成單位、與由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種烯烴所衍生之構成單位,而由從乙烯及碳原子數4~20中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴所衍生之構成單位的含有量係30mol%以下,利用 13C-NMR所測定之同排三單位組分率(mm分率)為80%以上;(d)乙烯單聚物、或乙烯與從碳原子數3~20之α-烯烴中選擇的至少1種α-烯烴的共聚合體,其根據ASTM D-1238,依190℃、2.16kg荷重所測定的MFR係0.1~10g/10分範圍內。
- 如請求項1之樹脂組成物,其中,聚烯烴(C)係依由順丁烯二 酸酐所衍生之構造單位換算計,含有上述由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位0.01~5質量%;又,在聚烯烴(C)中,上述由不飽和羧酸及/或其衍生物所衍生之構造單位除外的構造單位中,由丙烯所衍生之構造單位的含有比率係90~100莫耳%。
- 一種單層或多層薄膜,係至少具有1層之含請求項1或2之樹脂組成物的層。
- 一種多層薄膜,係含有:至少1層之含有請求項1或2之樹脂組成物的層、以及至少2層之含上述組成物之層以外的其他層;含有上述組成物之層的雙面係鄰接於上述其他層。
- 一種多層薄膜,係含有:至少1層之含有請求項1或2之樹脂組成物的層,以及至少1層之從含金屬層、聚烯烴層及極性樹脂層中所選擇之層;含上述組成物的層係鄰接於上述含金屬層、聚烯烴層及極性樹脂層中之至少1層。
- 如請求項3至5中任一項之單層或多層薄膜,其係食品包裝用薄膜。
- 如請求項3至5中任一項之單層或多層薄膜,其係建築資材用薄膜。
- 如請求項3至5中任一項之單層或多層薄膜,其係電池包裝用薄膜。
- 一種單層或多層薄膜之製造方法,係將請求項1或2之樹脂組成物施行熔融擠出成形。
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