TW201723049A - 多官能醇充當pmi發泡體中的交聯劑 - Google Patents
多官能醇充當pmi發泡體中的交聯劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201723049A TW201723049A TW105129613A TW105129613A TW201723049A TW 201723049 A TW201723049 A TW 201723049A TW 105129613 A TW105129613 A TW 105129613A TW 105129613 A TW105129613 A TW 105129613A TW 201723049 A TW201723049 A TW 201723049A
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- QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C=C QTECDUFMBMSHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KQYLUTYUZIVHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KQYLUTYUZIVHND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BWSZXUOMATYHHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRETXWVWJPDBKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyl methanetetracarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC MRETXWVWJPDBKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AGZPNUZBDCYTBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl methanetricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC AGZPNUZBDCYTBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNOIMFITGLLJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl methanetricarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC BNOIMFITGLLJTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical group CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本發明關於PMI發泡體之製造,更具體的是關於其調配成分,該等調配成分導致在既定發泡溫度下調整密度的特別便利性。
Description
本發明關於PMI發泡體之製造,更具體的是關於其調配成分,該等調配成分導致在既定發泡溫度下調整密度的特別便利性。
基於(甲基)丙烯酸及(甲基)丙烯腈之聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺(PMI)發泡體以其高抗壓強度及溫度安定性聞名。製造該等發泡體的標準方式係經由在發泡劑及其他所需的添加劑存在下將對應單體聚合成鑄板(cast slab)形式,該等鑄板係藉由在聚合進行之後的溫度處理發泡。
市售之對應最終產物發泡體的密度一般係在25至400kg/m3之範圍。對於給定之發泡劑組成而言,在發泡之後該發泡體的所得密度視發泡溫度而定。此處之關係為密度係隨著發泡溫度提高而下降,以及隨著發泡溫度降低而提高。
如此,DE 27 26 260描述具有在高溫下仍維持之優異機械性質的聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺發泡體(PMI發泡體)之製
造。該發泡體係藉由鑄製法(casting process)製造,即,所需之單體及另外的物質係在室中混合及聚合。在第二步驟中,藉由加熱使聚合物發泡。DE 27 26 260中所述之發泡體的缺點係其孔結構粗糙。孔徑可簡單地藉由改變發泡劑而顯著縮小。
在PMI發泡體中使用交聯劑以實現特別細孔發泡體係描述於EP 1 678 244及他處。於此,強調交聯劑對於熱機械性質(諸如熱變形抗性(heat distortion resistance))以及對於發泡體均勻度(foam homogeneity)之影響。所述之可能交聯劑為多不飽和單體,諸如二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯或二甲基丙烯酸酯或者(甲基)丙烯酸烯丙酯;或是其他離子交聯劑(ionic crosslinker),諸如多價金屬陽離子,其在共聚物的酸基團(acid group)之間形成離子橋(ionic bridge)。
DE 197 17 483描述摻合1至5wt%(以單體混合物計)之MgO作為離子交聯劑製造聚甲基丙烯醯亞胺發泡體的方法。所得發泡體具有顯著經改良之熱機械性質(thermomechanical property)。
CN 103554354描述在PMI發泡體中使用N,N'-4,4'-二胺基二苯基甲烷雙順丁烯二醯亞胺(N,N'-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethanebismaleimide)(BMI)。其目的係製造具有高密度之發泡體。該例中所述之交聯劑也是多不飽和單體及離子交聯劑,尤其是Mg離子。
用甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯交聯之機械安定性PMI發泡體詳見EP 356 714。所使用之自由基引發劑的實例為偶氮雙
異丁腈(azobisisobutyronitrile);用於聚合之混合物係摻合0.1wt%至10wt%之導電粒子。JP 2006 045532中所揭示之PMI發泡體同樣如此,該等PMI發泡體係用金屬鹽(metal salt)離子交聯(crosslinked ionically)。
許多描述用於PMI發泡體之方法原則上亦可轉成製造聚丙烯醯亞胺(PI)發泡體。此種基於甲基丙烯酸及丙烯腈之PI發泡體係描述於例如CN 100420702C。
如所述,對於給定發泡劑之組成及數量而言,PMI發泡體之密度係視發泡溫度而定。但不同類型之PMI發泡體,例如由EVONIK Industries AG以商品名Rohacell®銷售者,其發泡劑組成不同。因此,其達成相同密度之發泡溫度亦不同。
因此,就有效率製造PMI發泡體而言,會希望能在相同發泡溫度下製造具有彼此不同組成或具有不同發泡劑組成之不同類型的PMI發泡體,同時提供相同密度。此會大幅簡化生產操作,消除對於發泡烘箱(foaming oven)之溫度重設的需求。
因此,本發明所解決的難題係發展用以使P(M)I發泡中於發泡劑組成、發泡溫度(foaming temperature)與所得密度之間的相依關係(dependency relationship)可彼此脫勾(decouple)之方法。
本發明之具體難題係使用該方法以即使用相同發泡溫度但不同發泡劑組成亦能獲得相同PMI發泡體密度。
本發明的另一難題係提供用以在相同發泡溫度及相同發泡劑組成下獲得不同發泡體密度之方法。
該等難題已藉由用於製造聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之發泡體、或剛性發泡體(rigid foam)的創新方法解決,所述方法之特徵在於將包含(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酸、具有2至10個(較佳為2至4個)羥基之多元醇(polyol)、至少一種引發劑(initiator)及至少一種發泡劑(blowing agent)之混合物聚合以形成板(slab)或粉末,隨意地(optionally)經溫度調節(temperature-conditioned),然後在120至300℃之溫度發泡。
混合物中之多元醇的量較佳係經選擇以使該混合物之羥基數為0.0008至0.2mol之OH基/100g聚合物,較佳為0.001至0.1mol之OH基/100g聚合物。
多元醇較佳為二元醇(diol)。此種二元醇之特佳實例為乙二醇(ethylene glycol)、1,10-癸二醇(1,10-decanediol)、β-羥烷基醯胺(beta-hydroxyalkylamide)、具有平均莫耳質量為500至8000g/mol之OH遙螯聚四氫呋喃(OH telechelic polytetrahydrofuran),以及各具有莫耳質量為200至10000g/mol之OH-遙螯聚烯烴(OH-telechelic polyolefin)、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛(polyoxymethylene)、聚乙
二醇、聚丙二醇或聚酯。當然,亦可使用具有至多達20個碳原子之其他烷基二醇(alkyl diol)。
亦可使用之較高碳數多元醇(higher polyol)的實例為甘油、新戊四醇(pentaerythritol)、木糖醇(xylitol)、醛醣醇(alditol)或其他糖醇(sugar alcohol)。當然,亦可能利用例如支鏈聚烯烴(branched polyolefin)、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚甘油(polyglycerol)或具有超過兩個羥基之聚酯。
根據本發明,多元醇尤其作為發泡期間之交聯劑,但亦具有有利特徵為:在前面的聚合中或在溫度調節階段(temperature-conditioning stage),與先前技術已知的交聯劑相對地,彼等不會進入任何交聯反應。此處交聯反應之發生(伴隨酯化)係與存在聚合物鏈上之酸基團(acid group)或隨意地(optionally)酐基團(anhydride group)或醯亞胺基團(imide group)。
已判定直到發泡期間(即,在溫度高於120℃),交聯不會發生。在發泡前發生的交聯會因發泡過度受阻而導致發泡體斷裂。
經由使用多元醇,已意外地能達成對於相同發泡劑組成之所得發泡體的密度非常有效之調整。在相同多元醇、相同發泡劑組成及相同發泡溫度下,發現當所使用之多元醇的量增加時,所得之PMI發泡體的密度提高。
本發明方法的基本優點如下:
-對發泡體密度之更有效且更精確的可調整性
-無發泡前聚合物初步交聯(preliminary crosslinking)
的缺點,尤其是與發泡體均勻度(foam homogeneity)相關
-在發泡時無發泡體斷裂,尤其是在以特低密度發泡(高度發泡)時。
用語「(甲基)丙烯酸((meth)acrylic acid)」代表甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸或二者之混合物。用語「(甲基)丙烯腈((meth)acrylonitrile)」代表甲基丙烯腈、丙烯腈或二者之混合物。類似解說適用於相關用語,諸如「(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯(alkyl(meth)acrylate)」。此用語代表甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸或二者之混合物的烷酯。
為了製造聚合物(例如,呈鑄聚合物(cast polymer)形式),第一步驟係預備單體混合物,該單體混合物包含(甲基)丙烯酸及(甲基)丙烯腈作為其主要成分,較佳係莫耳比為2:3至3:2。亦可使用其他共聚單體(comonomer),例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸之酯類、苯乙烯、順丁烯二酸或伊康酸、或其個別之酐(anhydride)、或乙烯吡咯啶酮(vinylpyrrolidone)。在該實例中,共聚單體之比例應不超過該兩種主要成分的30wt%,較佳不超過10wt%。可另外使用少量交聯單體,諸如丙烯酸烯丙酯。然而,量應較佳不超過0.05wt%至2.0wt%。
共聚混合物(copolymerization mixture)還包含在約150至300℃的溫度分解或汽化(vaporize)且在此時形成氣
相之發泡劑。
聚合,在自由基聚合引發劑(radical polymerization initiator)存在下有效地發生成塊狀(block)形式。在製造扁平塊狀物(flat block)時,例如呈厚度至高達80mm之層,係將單體混合物置於兩片玻璃板之間,在邊緣處密封並形成一種扁平室(flat chamber)。此扁平室被設定至所希望的聚合溫度之水浴環繞。
聚合作用可大部分或廣泛範圍在等溫(isothermal)條件(即,在恆定水浴溫度)進行。在許多實例中,可從聚合作用開始至結束均使水浴溫度保持恆定。然而,隨意地,水浴溫度也可最初長時間保持恆定,且在特定時間之後升高,以使部分的聚合作用係在較高溫度進行。
在於較高溫度進行之此後續聚合階段中,水浴溫度亦可保持恆定。
經選擇之水浴溫度係取決於聚合室(polymerization chamber)之厚度及取決於聚合作用中所使用之配方,尤其取決於所使用之引發劑。在本文內容中,通常有利的是隨著待製造之板的厚度增加,將聚合溫度移至較低數值,因此亦將水浴溫度移至較低數值。
在各例中可利用簡單初步測試最佳化對配方及厚度而言適當的溫度。
不證自明的,溫度係針對室(chamber)厚度及針對配方而在前文所提出的範圍內調整,如此一來,在聚合作用中所產生的熱可適當地散逸而不會在聚合作用期間於聚合混
合物內發生不想要的溫度。在藉由周圍水浴控制的聚合程序結束之後,在加熱箱(heating cabinet)中進行溫度調節。溫度調節通常在80至130℃之溫度進行;此處,如已觀察到的,可設定在38℃開始(較佳在聚合溫度開始),以均勻速率或逐步地上升之溫度方案(temperature regime)。通常10至1000小時對在溫度調節箱(temperature-conditioning cabinet)中之最終聚合已足夠。
所使用之發泡劑(C)可為下列化合物或其混合物:甲醯胺、甲酸(formic acid)、脲(urea)、伊康酸、檸檬酸、二氰二胺(dicyandiamide)、水、單烷基脲(monoalkylurea)、二甲脲(dimethylurea)、5,5'-偶氮雙-5-乙基-1,3-二烷(5,5‘-azobis-5-ethyl-1,3-dioxane)、2,2'-偶氮雙-N-丁基異丁醯胺(2,2‘-azobis-N-butylisobutyramide)、2,2'-偶氮雙-N-二乙基異丁醯胺(2,2‘-azobis-N-diethylisobutyramide)、2,2',4,4,4',4'-六甲基-2,2'-偶氮戊烷(2,2‘,4,4,4‘,4‘-hexamethyl-2,2’-azopentane)、2,2'-偶氮雙-2-甲基丙烷(2,2‘-azobis-2-methylpropane)、碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二-三級丁酯(di-tert-butyl carbonate)、丙酮氰醇碳酸酯(acetone cyanohydrin carbonate)、甲基羥基異丁酸酯碳酸酯(methyl hydroxyisobutyrate carbonate)、N-甲胺甲酸乙酯(N-methylurethane)、N-乙胺甲酸乙酯(N-ethylurethane)、N-三級丁胺甲酸乙酯(N-tert-butylurethane)、胺甲酸乙酯
(urethane)、草酸、順丁烯二酸、羥異丁酸(hydroxyisobutyric acid)、丙二酸、氰甲醯胺(cyanoformamide)、二甲順丁烯二酸(dimethylmaleic acid)、甲四羧酸四乙酯(tetraethyl methanetetracarboxylate)、草醯胺酸正丁酯(n-butyl oxamate)、甲三羧酸三甲酯(trimethyl methanetricarboxylate)、甲三羧酸三乙酯(triethyl methanetricarboxylate)、以及3至8個碳原子之一元醇(monohydric alcohol),諸如例如丙-1-醇、丙-2-醇、丁-1-醇、丁-2-醇、三級丁醇及異丁醇。
除此之外,亦可使用可共聚發泡劑(copolymerizable blowing agent),其在發泡條件下釋放揮發性化合物(volatile compound),且之後通常在聚合物中留下呈重複之(甲基)丙烯酸單元的形式。此等可共聚發泡劑的實例(為常識)為(甲基)丙烯酸異丙酯及(甲基)丙烯酸三級丁酯。
所使用之引發劑為能引發自由基聚合(radical polymerization)的化合物及引發劑系統。已知之化合物類別為過氧化物(peroxide)、氫過氧化物(hydroperoxide)、過氧二硫酸鹽(peroxodisulphate)、過碳酸鹽(percarbonate)、過縮酮(perketal)、過氧酯(peroxy ester)、過氧化氫(hydrogen peroxide)及偶氮化合物(azo compound)。引發劑之實例為過氧化氫、過氧化二苯甲醯(dibenzoyl peroxide)、過氧二碳酸二環己酯(dicyclohexyl peroxodicarbonate)、
過氧化二月桂醯(dilauryl peroxide)、過氧化甲基乙基酮(methyl ethyl ketone peroxide)、過氧化乙醯丙酮(acetylacetone peroxide)、過氧化二(三級丁基)(di-tert-butyl peroxide)、氫過氧化三級丁基(tert-butyl hydroperoxide)、氫過氧化異丙苯(cumene hydroperoxide)、過辛酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl peroctanoate)、過-2-乙基己酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate)、過新癸酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl perneodecanoate)、過三級戊酸三級戊酯(tert-amyl perpivalate)、過三級戊酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl perpivalate)、過苯甲酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl perbenzoate)、過氧二硫酸鋰、過氧二硫酸鈉、過氧二硫酸鉀及過氧二硫酸銨(ammonium peroxodisulphate)、偶氮異丁腈(azoisobutyronitrile)、2,2-偶氮雙異-2,4-二甲基戊腈(2,2-azobisiso-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)、2,2-偶氮雙異丁腈(2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile)、2,2'-偶氮雙(2-甲脒基丙烷)二鹽酸鹽(2,2‘-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride)、2-(胺甲醯基偶氮)異丁腈(2-(carbamoylazo)isobutyronitrile)及4,4'-偶氮雙(氰戊酸)(4,4‘-azobis(cyanovaleric acid))。
同樣可用者為氧化還原引發劑(redox initiator)(H.Rauch-Puntigam,Th.Völker,Acryl-und Methacrylverbindungen,Springer,Heidelberg,1967或Kirk-Othmer,Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,Vol.1,pages 286 ff,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1978)。將在
時間及溫度方面具有不同分解性質之引發劑及引發劑系統組合可為有用的。引發劑的用量以單體總重計較佳為0.01wt%至2wt%,更佳為0.15wt%至1.5wt%。
聚合作用較佳係經由整體聚合(bulk polymerization)之變型(variant)完成,一實例為先前技術中所描述的所謂室法(chamber process),但不侷限於此。
例如,經由下列步驟可獲得可使用且特佳之一種聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺發泡體(poly(meth)acrylimide foam):
1.)藉由自由基聚合由下列所組成之組成物來製造聚合物板(polymer slab):-20至60wt%之(甲基)丙烯腈,-40wt%至78wt%之(甲基)丙烯酸,-0至20wt%之其他單官能乙烯系不飽和單體(monofunctional,vinylically unsaturated monomer),-一或多種多元醇,其量為使得該混合物之羥基數為0.0008至0.2mol之OH基/100g聚合物、較佳為0.001至0.1mol之OH基/100g聚合物,-1wt%至15wt%之發泡劑、可共聚發泡劑或發泡劑混合物,-隨意的(optionally)0至5wt%之其他交聯劑,-引發劑系統,及-慣用之另外的物質。
其他交聯劑可包含分子中具有至少兩個雙鍵之可自由基聚合(radically polymerizable)的乙烯系不飽和化合物
(vinylically unsaturated compound),或金屬離子化合物(metal-ionic compound),更具體的為氧化鎂(呈溶液,於單體混合物中)。特佳情況係除了多元醇之外無另外使用的交聯劑或至多總共1wt%之另外的交聯劑。
2.)該混合物係在由兩片玻璃板所形成之尺寸為例如50cm*50cm且邊緣密封2.2cm厚的室中於28℃至110℃(視所使用之引發劑及視所建立材料之厚度而定)的溫度聚合10小時至數天。用於最終聚合成聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之聚合物隨後係接受約20小時之溫度調節程序(temperature-conditioning programme),其從40℃延伸至130℃,調節溫度低於利用所使用之發泡劑所建立的發泡溫度。隨後之發泡係在例如190至250℃進行數小時。
混合物可進一步與慣用之另外的物質摻合。適用之佐劑總量以單體混合物計為例如0wt%至20wt%、0wt%至10wt%或0wt%至5wt%。此處慣用之另外的物質不同於所述單體、交聯劑、發泡劑或引發劑。
彼等特別包括抗靜電劑(antistat)、抗氧化劑、脫模劑(mould release agent)、潤滑劑、染料、流動改良劑(flow improver)、填料、光安定劑(light stabilizer)及有機磷化合物(organic phosphorus compound)(諸如亞磷酸酯(phosphite)或膦酸酯(phosphonate))、及顏料、脫離劑(release agent)、候化保護劑(weathering protectant)及塑化
劑(plasticizer)。其他可能添加物為阻燃劑。以及含鹵素阻燃劑,其中一些含有銻氧化物(antimony oxide),亦可使用含磷化合物。考慮到發生火災時的較低煙霧氣體毒性,以含磷化合物為佳。該含磷化合物特別包括磷烷(phosphane)、磷烷氧化物(phosphane oxide)、鏻化合物(phosphonium compound)、膦酸酯(phosphonate)、亞磷酸酯(phosphite)及/或磷酸酯(phosphate)。該等化合物性質可為有機及/或無機,例如磷酸單酯(phosphoric monoester)、膦酸單酯(phosphonic monoester)、磷酸二酯(phosphoric diester)、膦酸二酯(phosphonic diester)及磷酸三酯(phosphoric triester),以及多磷酸鹽(polyphosphate)。
防止發泡體產生靜電電荷(electrostatic charging)之導電粒子(conductive particle)為另一種較佳之另外的物質。彼等特別包括金屬粒子及碳黑粒子,其亦可呈纖維形式,具有在10nm至100mm之範圍的大小,如EP 0 356 714 A1所述。
本發明之剛性發泡體(rigid foam)具有廣泛的可能使用範圍。例如,彼等可處理成具有外層,呈例如夾層結構或填充以該剛性發泡體之拉擠成形件(pultrudate)形式,作為複合材料。或者,亦可從該剛性發泡體切下無外層之成形部分。另外的可能係只進行發泡體的部分發泡,並與成形(shaping)結合完成發泡。此外,發泡體可在發泡之前粒化(granulate)或藉由例如以懸浮聚合(suspension polymerization)形式之聚合作用直接製成珠粒形式。從基
礎材料(ground material)或此等種類之懸浮聚合物可製造珠狀發泡體及/或從珠狀發泡體製成的模製物(moulding)。此外,藉由裁切或鋸切,可製造薄發泡板或片。
根據本發明可獲得之發泡體尤其適合作為製造太空載具(space vehicle)、航空載具(air vehicle)、水上載具(water vehicle)、軌道載具(rail vehicle)及陸上載具(land vehicle)(諸如機動車輛(motor vehicle)、腳踏車(pedal cycle)或機車)之組件材料。其他應用領域為建造風力設備或體育器材,諸如例如滑雪板。
將49重量份之甲基丙烯酸、50重量份之甲基丙烯腈、7重量份之三級丁醇、2重量份之甲基丙烯酸三級丁酯、0.22重量份之MgO、0.04重量份之過三級戊酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl perpivalate)、0.036重量份之過-2-乙基己酸三級丁酯(tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate)、0.1重量份之過苯甲酸三級丁酯、0.103重量份之過新癸酸異丙苯酯(cumyl perneodecanoate)、50ppm之1,4-苯醌(1,4-benzoquinone)及0.3重量份之Moldwiz INT20E(脫離劑(release agent);製造商:Axel Plastics),以及在表1中指定之量的多元醇混合,並攪拌該混合物直到獲得均勻溶液。溶液在由周圍密封珠密封的兩片玻璃板之間於41℃聚合140小時,以形成2個3mm厚之聚合物板。在冷卻及
從玻璃板移出之後,聚合物板係在115℃調節(condition)3小時,然後在強制通風烘箱(forced-air oven)中於215℃發泡2小時。所獲得之密度示於表1。
實施例之配方只有所使用之多元醇的性質及量不同。明顯看出,所使用之多元醇的性質及量對於PMI發泡體之密度具有顯著影響(就相同發泡溫度及發泡時間[2小時]而言)。因此,可僅藉由改變交聯劑之量及/或性質來調整最終產物發泡體之密度。
Claims (10)
- 一種製造聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺(poly(meth)acrylimide)之發泡體之方法,其特徵在於將包含(甲基)丙烯腈、(甲基)丙烯酸、具有2至10個羥基之多元醇、至少一種引發劑及至少一種發泡劑的混合物聚合以形成板(slab)或粉末,隨意地經溫度調節,然後在120至300℃的溫度下發泡。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,該混合物中之多元醇的量係經選擇以使羥基數為0.0008至0.2mol之OH基/100g聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中,該多元醇為二元醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之方法,其中,該二元醇為乙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、β-羥烷基醯胺(beta-hydroxyalkylamide)、具有平均莫耳質量為500至8000g/mol之OH-遙螯聚四氫呋喃(OH-telechelic polytetrahydrofuran),或者包含各具有莫耳質量為200至10000g/mol之OH-遙螯聚烯烴(OH-telechelic polyolefin)、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、聚甘油(polyglycerol)或聚酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中,該多元醇包含甘油、新戊四醇、木糖醇、醛醣醇或其他糖醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中,該混合物中之多元醇的量係經選擇以使羥基數為0.001至0.1 mol之OH基/100g聚合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中,該混合物係由下列組成:-20至60wt%之(甲基)丙烯腈,-40wt%至78wt%之(甲基)丙烯酸,-0至20wt%之其他單官能乙烯系不飽和單體,-一或多種多元醇,其量為使得該混合物之羥基數為0.0008至0.2mol之OH基/100g聚合物,較佳為0.001至0.1mol之OH基/100g聚合物,-1wt%至15wt%之發泡劑、可共聚發泡劑或發泡劑混合物,-隨意的0至5wt%之其他交聯劑,-引發劑系統,及-慣用之另外的物質。
- 一種聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之發泡體的用途,該聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之發泡體係以如申請專利範圍第1至7項中至少一項之方法製造,係用於製造太空載具(space vehicle)、航空載具(air vehicle)、水上載具(water vehicle)、軌道載具(rail vehicle)或陸上載具(land vehicle)、風力機或體育器材。
- 一種聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之發泡體的用途,該聚(甲基)丙烯醯亞胺之發泡體係以如申請專利範圍第1至7項中至少一項之方法製造,係用於製造珠狀發泡體(bead foam)、夾層材料、或以該發泡體填充之拉擠成形件 (pultrudate)。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第9項之所製造的珠狀發泡體、夾層材料、或以該發泡體填充之拉擠成形件的用途,係用於製造太空載具、航空載具、水上載具、軌道載具或陸上載具、風力機或體育器材。
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AU (2) | AU2016321800A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112018004979B1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2998556C (zh) |
DK (1) | DK3350252T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2841417T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1251597A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL258050B2 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL3350252T3 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2736093C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG11201802049QA (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI801330B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017045965A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201802300B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3911489A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2021-11-24 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Novel foaming process for production of foam materials |
CA3196473A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | Felix GOLDMANN | Process for producing foam panels for the production of foam films |
CN115651339A (zh) * | 2022-11-05 | 2023-01-31 | 浙江中科恒泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种利用二元醇的pmi发泡方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE2726260C2 (de) | 1977-06-10 | 1983-05-26 | Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt | Schäumbares Polymermaterial |
DE3826469A1 (de) | 1988-08-04 | 1990-02-08 | Roehm Gmbh | Hartschaum als kernmaterial fuer schichtwerkstoffe |
DE19606530C2 (de) * | 1996-02-22 | 1998-04-02 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffen mit flammhemmenden Zusätzen und danach hergestellte Schaumstoffe |
DE19717483C2 (de) | 1997-04-25 | 2000-05-04 | Roehm Gmbh | Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
DE19917987A1 (de) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von blockförmigen Polymethacrylimidschaumstoffen |
DE10141757A1 (de) | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-27 | Roehm Gmbh | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von PMI-Schäumen |
US8722751B2 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2014-05-13 | Evonik Rohm Gmbh | Thermostable microporous polymethacrylimide foams |
DE10350971A1 (de) | 2003-10-30 | 2005-06-02 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Wärmeformbeständige Polymethacrylimid-Schaumstoffe mit feinen Poren |
JP5150042B2 (ja) | 2004-07-02 | 2013-02-20 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 独立気泡成形体用樹脂組成物及び独立気泡成形体 |
CN100420702C (zh) | 2005-07-28 | 2008-09-24 | 西北工业大学 | 一种maa/an共聚物泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
JP5509625B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-04 | 2014-06-04 | 日立化成株式会社 | プリプレグ用樹脂組成物、プリプレグ、積層板、およびプリント配線板 |
CN102020821A (zh) * | 2009-09-21 | 2011-04-20 | 徐水森博沃材料科技有限公司 | 共聚物泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
DE102010040286A1 (de) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | PMI-Schäume mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere mit erhöhter Reißdehnung |
DE102011085026A1 (de) | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Korngrenzenhaftung von expandierten Copolymeren auf Basis von Methacryl- und Acrylverbindungen und Anhaftung diverser Deckschichten auf dem Schaumkern |
CN103146109B (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2016-08-03 | 浙江联洋新材料股份有限公司 | 一种聚甲基酰亚胺泡沫材料及其制备方法 |
CN103554354A (zh) | 2013-10-23 | 2014-02-05 | 江苏兆鋆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种高密度聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法 |
CN103524968B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-01-06 | 江苏兆鋆新材料科技有限公司 | 一种石墨烯增强聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫材料的制备方法 |
CN104045764B (zh) * | 2014-06-23 | 2016-04-13 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺泡沫塑料的制备方法 |
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2015
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- 2016-09-06 SG SG11201802049QA patent/SG11201802049QA/en unknown
- 2016-09-06 EP EP16766256.8A patent/EP3350252B1/de active Active
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- 2016-09-06 JP JP2018513590A patent/JP6873109B2/ja active Active
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- 2016-09-06 RU RU2018113306A patent/RU2736093C2/ru active
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- 2016-09-06 PL PL16766256T patent/PL3350252T3/pl unknown
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2018
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US10619024B2 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
SG11201802049QA (en) | 2018-04-27 |
EP3350252A1 (de) | 2018-07-25 |
ES2841417T3 (es) | 2021-07-08 |
JP2018534381A (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
EP3350252B1 (de) | 2020-12-02 |
RU2018113306A3 (zh) | 2019-12-04 |
KR102682504B1 (ko) | 2024-07-05 |
IL258050B1 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
IL258050B2 (en) | 2023-09-01 |
RU2018113306A (ru) | 2019-10-16 |
AU2021201255B2 (en) | 2022-07-07 |
AU2016321800A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
TWI801330B (zh) | 2023-05-11 |
DK3350252T3 (da) | 2021-02-22 |
EP3144344A1 (de) | 2017-03-22 |
CN108026308B (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
US20190153186A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
KR20180054711A (ko) | 2018-05-24 |
AU2021201255A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
CN108026308A (zh) | 2018-05-11 |
CA2998556A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 |
CA2998556C (en) | 2024-03-12 |
RU2736093C2 (ru) | 2020-11-11 |
BR112018004979A2 (pt) | 2018-10-02 |
PL3350252T3 (pl) | 2021-06-14 |
HK1251597A1 (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
BR112018004979B1 (pt) | 2022-06-21 |
IL258050A (en) | 2018-05-31 |
WO2017045965A1 (de) | 2017-03-23 |
JP6873109B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
ZA201802300B (en) | 2019-01-30 |
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