TW201642835A - 輸液製劑(一) - Google Patents
輸液製劑(一) Download PDFInfo
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- TW201642835A TW201642835A TW105126766A TW105126766A TW201642835A TW 201642835 A TW201642835 A TW 201642835A TW 105126766 A TW105126766 A TW 105126766A TW 105126766 A TW105126766 A TW 105126766A TW 201642835 A TW201642835 A TW 201642835A
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- Prior art keywords
- infusion
- chamber
- vitamin
- preparation
- chamber infusion
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Abstract
本發明的課題在於提供一種輸液製劑,其在保存過程中不會有還原糖及胺基酸引起梅納反應的問題,在保存過程中脂肪乳劑之脂肪粒尺寸不會變大,即便是在僅投藥其中一室之輸液的情況下,患者產生高鉀血症的症狀或引起血管痛或靜脈炎的疑慮仍小,又,儘管為2室容器製劑,仍能安定地調配多種維生素。藉由本發明,可提供一種輸液製劑,其具有以可連通之隔件來隔開之2室,且於第1室收容含有脂肪乳劑之第1室輸液,於第2室收容含有胺基酸及電解質之第2室輸液,前述第1室輸液實質上不含有鉀且滲透壓比為2.0至3.0,前述第2室輸液之鉀濃度在40mEq/L以下且滲透壓比為2.5至3.5;並且,在隔件連通時前述第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鉀濃度為16mEq/L以上。
Description
本發明係有關於一種含有糖、脂肪、胺基酸及電解質的輸液製劑。更詳細而言,本發明係有關於一種輸液製劑(高卡路里輸液製劑),其係具2室容器之輸液製劑,其中於第1室收容有糖及脂肪乳劑,於第2室收容有胺基酸及電解質者。
含有收容於具有2室之輸液袋的糖、胺基酸及電解質之輸液製劑係公知,且被廣泛地使用於病患的營養管理。
若將還原糖與胺基酸調配於同一溶液中,會有發生梅納反應而變性之問題。因此,在該輸液製劑中,為了防止還原糖與胺基酸產生梅納反應,將輸液袋之一室中含有還原糖的輸液,與在另一室中含有胺基酸的輸液各自分開收容。在使用時,將2室連通而將各液混合後,對病患投藥。為了使該混合操作得以簡便地進行,將該等2室通常是以使用時可連通的隔壁(例如易剝離封膜(easy peel seal))來
隔開。然而,屢屢發生忘記進行該連通操作而不小心僅將其中一邊液體對病患投藥的失誤。因此,就該種2室收容型的輸液製劑而言非常重要的是,要將其製成即使在發生了因使用前忘記連通操作而僅投藥收容於其中一室內之輸液的狀況下,也不會對病患造成傷害。
例如,其中一邊輸液的鉀濃度較高時,僅投藥該輸液恐有造成病患高血鉀症之疑慮。為了消除這樣的問題,研究出將鉀分2室收容,使各輸液中的鉀濃度在40mEq/L以下之輸液製劑(專利文獻1)。
又,特別是在從末梢靜脈藉由點滴投藥輸液的情況,若滲透壓過高,恐有引起血管痛或靜脈炎之疑慮。因此,即便是混合前的輸液,也期望具有適度的滲透壓(專利文獻2)。
又,長時間僅投藥含有糖、胺基酸及電解質之輸液製劑(高卡路里輸液製劑)時,恐有出現必須脂肪酸缺乏症之症狀的疑慮。藉由將脂肪乳劑與高卡路里輸液製劑合併投藥,可預防必須脂肪酸缺乏症之症狀產生。又,脂肪具有每單位重量之卡路里量高,且與糖質不同不會造成滲透壓利尿等優點。然而,將電解質輸液與脂肪乳劑混合並經過長時間後,脂肪滴的尺寸會變大,若投藥恐有引起脂肪栓塞的疑慮。因此,開發出將脂肪乳劑與電解質收容在不同的室中,使用時再進行混合並投藥之具有2室容器的輸液製劑。
更進一步而言,一般知道在施行高卡路里輸液
中,若維生素B1不足,恐有引起酸血症的疑慮,為了防止這種情況的發生,在高卡路里輸液投藥時必須補給維生素。為了省掉這樣的功夫,亦開發出預先在糖、胺基酸、電解質之外調配維生素,由大室液、中室液及小室液等3液所構成之高卡路里輸液製劑(例如,服魯卡利庫()輸液製劑等)。就該高卡路里輸液製劑而言,從維生素(特別是脂溶性維生素)的安定性問題看來,雖是採用在大室、中室及小室等3室中收容組成相異之輸液的型態,具有3室的輸液製劑卻會有再製造時及使用時費工的問題,在生產成本及使用時的麻煩方面也有問題。又,例如在服魯卡利庫()輸液製劑的說明書中就有在調劑時的注意事項中指示不要與脂肪乳劑混合。
如上所述,迄今針對各種課題所研究出的方法,雖然用來解決各個課題是有用的,但尚未開發出能解決所有課題的輸液製劑。
【專利文獻1】日本特開2004-189677號公報
【專利文獻2】日本特開2003-95937號公報
【非專利文獻1】藥理與治療24(10),2151(1996)
本發明的目的在於開發一種能將上述所有課題解決的輸液製劑。
本發明者等研究出一種輸液製劑,令人驚訝的是,其係由可連通之隔件所隔開之具有2室的輸液製劑,其中於第1室收容有包含脂肪乳劑之第1室輸液,於第2室收容有包含胺基酸及電解質之第2室輸液,前述第1室輸液實質上不含有鉀,且滲透壓比為2.0至3.0,前述第2室輸液係鉀濃度在40mEq/L以下,且滲透壓比為2.5至3.5,隔件連通時前述第1室輸液及第2室輸液之混合液的鉀濃度在16mEq/L以上;發現若為上述輸液製劑,則在保存中不會有由還原糖及胺基酸所產生的梅納反應,在保存中脂肪乳劑中的脂肪粒尺寸不會變大,且即便是在僅投藥其中一邊的輸液的情況下,也少有病患出現高鉀血症之症狀,或引起血管痛及靜脈炎的疑慮,雖然是2室容器製劑但卻能安定的調配多種維生素,由此進一步重複改良直到完成了本發明。
即,本發明包含例如以下項目之輸液製劑。
一種輸液製劑,其係具有利用可連通之隔件所隔開之2室者,其中於第1室收容有包含糖及脂肪乳劑之第1室輸液,於第2室收容有包含胺基酸及電解質之第2室輸液,前述第1室輸液係實質上不含有鉀,且滲透壓比為2.0至3.0;
前述第2室輸液係鉀濃度在40mEq/L以下,且滲透壓比為2.5至3.5;隔件連通時前述第1室輸液及第2室輸液之混合液的鉀濃度為16mEq/L以上。
如第1項之輸液製劑,其中第1室輸液之pH為4.5至6.5,且第2室輸液之pH為6.0至7.4。
如第1或2項之輸液製劑,其中第1室輸液與第2室輸液之體積比為3:2至3:5。
如第1至3項中任一項之輸液製劑,其係於第1室進一步含有維生素B1者。
如第4項之輸液製劑,其係於第1室輸液中進一步含有維生素A、維生素B6、維生素B12、維生素D、維生素E及維生素K,且於第2室輸液中進一步含有維生素C及維生素B2者。
本發明之輸液製劑係將上述課題全部解決之輸液製劑。該輸液製劑在保存中不會發生由還原糖及胺基酸所產生之梅納反應,且脂肪乳劑中的脂肪粒尺寸也不會變大。又,即使在僅投藥其中一邊的輸液時,也幾乎不會有病患出現高鉀血症症狀,或是引起血管痛及靜脈炎的情
形。進一步而言,可期待藉由維生素B1的調配來抑制酸血症發生。又,由於是形成為可調配包含脂溶性維生素之其他維生素的2室容器製劑之故,相較於具有被隔成3室以上之形態的製劑(3室容器製劑),可減輕製造時及使用時的麻煩。
以下就本發明進一步詳細地進行說明。
本發明係有關於一種具有由可連通之隔件隔開之2室的輸液製劑,其中在第1室收納有包含糖、脂肪乳劑的第1室輸液,且在第2室收納有包含胺基酸及電解質之第2室輸液。
第1室輸液
本發明所使用之第1室輸液係包含糖及脂肪乳劑。
作為調配於第1室輸液中的糖,可列舉如:葡萄糖、果糖、麥芽糖等還原糖;木糖醇、山梨醇、甘油等非還原糖等。該等之中,尤其是從血糖值管理等的點看來,係以還原糖為佳,而以葡萄糖為更佳。該等糖係可單獨使用1種,或亦可將2種以上組合使用。
在第1室輸液中糖的調配比例係宜設定在70至150g/L的範圍內。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液之糖濃度係例示如宜滿足50至100
g/L,較宜為50至75g/L之範圍。
又,為了預防在輸液療法施行中發生酸血症的症狀,宜在第1室輸液中調配維生素B1。作為調配於第1室輸液之維生素B1,可使用維生素B1鹽酸鹽、硫胺素硝酸鹽、丙舒硫胺、奧托硫胺等。
第1室輸液中維生素B1的調配比例係可例示如硫胺素1.5至10mg/L,宜為2至8mg/L充足的範圍。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液中維生素B1的濃度宜設定成以硫胺素計為滿足1至6mg/L,較宜為1.5至4mg/L之範圍者。
又,第1室輸液中所調配之脂肪乳劑係將油脂使用乳化劑將水分散而調製成的水中油型乳劑。該脂肪乳劑的調製係可遵循一般方法進行。例如,可在水中加入油脂及乳化劑後,攪拌來調製粗乳化液,接著再利用高壓乳化法等慣用方法將粗乳化液乳化來調製。
就油脂而言,可適宜地使用食用油。例如植物油(大豆油、橄欖油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、玉米油、椰子油、紫蘇油、蘇子油等)、魚油(鱈魚肝油等)、中鏈脂肪酸三酸甘油酯(碳數8-10之脂肪酸的三酸甘油酯)[市售商品名:「Panasate」(日本油脂社製)、「ODO」(日清製油社製)、「COCONARD」(花王社製)、「Miglyol」(三葉貿易公司)等]、化學合成三酸甘油酯類[2-亞油醯基-1,3-二辛醯基甘油(8L8)、2-亞油醯基-1,3-二癸醯基甘油(10L10)等]等。該等係可單獨地使用1種,或亦可將2種以上組合使用。
作為乳化劑係可使用例如在製劑學上可容許之各種乳化劑。例如卵黄磷脂質(卵黄卵磷脂)、氫化卵黄磷脂質、大豆磷脂質(大豆卵磷脂)、氫化大豆磷脂質等,又可例示如非離子性界面活性劑等。該等係可單獨地使用1種,或亦可將2種以上組合使用。
特佳的油脂及特佳的乳化劑係可分別舉例如大豆油及卵黄磷脂質(卵黄卵磷脂)。特別是若使用卵黄卵磷脂等卵磷脂,則如後所述亦可成為磷源而為適宜。
在脂肪乳劑之調製中所使用之油脂及乳化劑的使用比例,係只要能獲得水中油型脂肪乳劑即可而無特別限定。通常,係以油脂在所獲得之脂肪乳劑中呈0.5至6 w/v%左右,宜為1至5 w/v%左右的比例來使用。又,乳化劑係由在所獲得脂肪乳劑中通常呈0.01至2 w/v%左右,宜為0.05至1 w/v%左右之範圍內來使用。
本發明之特別合適的脂肪乳劑之製法的一個具體例係如下所述。即,在水中加入油脂及乳化劑,且一併加入選自甘油及葡萄糖之至少1種物質,其後,攪拌來調製粗乳化液,接著,將粗乳化液藉由高壓乳化法等慣用的方法進行乳化。在採用高壓乳化法的情況中,該方法係可藉由使用例如Manton-Gaulin勻漿機等的乳化機,使粗乳化液在20至700Kg/cm2左右的條件下,通過2至50次左右,宜為3至20次左右來進行。又,在本方法中,甘油及/或葡萄糖在乳化時存在即可,例如,亦可在使用油脂與乳化劑調製而成的粗乳化液中添加甘油及/或葡萄糖來進行乳化。甘油
及/或葡萄糖的使用量通常係適合設成令所獲得之脂肪乳劑含有30至70w/v%左右,宜為40至60w/v%左右的甘油及/或葡萄糖。
又,可視需要再進一步添加各種添加劑,前述各種添加劑係一般所知可於脂肪乳劑中添加調配者。作為添加劑,可舉例如pH調整劑。作為pH調整劑係在鹽酸等的酸,或氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等鹼之外,可使用有機酸或胺基酸。作為有機酸係可例示如醋酸、乳酸、檸檬酸、蘋果酸、琥珀酸等。又,作為胺基酸,可例示如L-組胺酸、L-離胺酸等。該等之中,油溶性材料係可在構成乳化液之油性成分中預先混合來利用。水溶性材料可混合於注射用水中,或可添加調配於所獲得之脂肪乳劑的水相中。該等添加調配量係可適宜地設定,例如可與迄今所知的該等添加調配量相同。
第1室輸液中的脂肪乳劑之調配比例,換算成油脂量係0.5至6 w/v%,宜為1至5 w/v%,較宜為2至5 w/v%。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液中的脂肪乳劑量,換算成油脂量為0.25至6 w/v%,宜為0.5至3 w/v%,較宜為1至2.5 w/v%。
就第1室輸液的pH而言,在4.5至6.5之範圍內即可,較宜可例示如5.0至6.5。若在該pH範圍內,在第1室輸液中,可謀求脂肪乳劑與維生素B1的安定化。就第1室輸液之pH調整而言,係使用鹽酸、醋酸、冰醋酸、乳酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀等pH調整劑來實施。又,
作為pH調整劑亦可使用L-組胺酸。
又,第1室輸液從進一步提高維生素B1安定性的觀點看來,宜將滴定酸度設為1以下。再者,滴定酸度係將溶液100mL中和至pH7.4所需之0.1mol/L氫氧化鈉溶液的mL量值。
作為第1室輸液的溶媒,通常可使用注射用的蒸餾水。
本發明的輸液製劑中,就第1室輸液的液量而言,係可依據該輸液製劑的總液量或第2室輸液的液量等來適宜設定。
第1室輸液係實質上不含有鉀。實質上不含有鉀係意味著不調配含有鉀的化合物。
又,第1室輸液的滲透壓比係設為2.0至3.0左右。在此,滲透壓比係指相對於生理食鹽水之滲透壓的比(即,將生理食鹽水的滲透壓設為1時的相對比)。再者,輸液的滲透壓比除非有特別提到,否則即指相對於生理食鹽水的滲透壓的比。
第2室輸液
本發明所使用之第2室輸液含有胺基酸及電解質。
就第2室輸液所調配之胺基酸而言,只要是使用於以對生物體之營養補給為目的之胺基酸輸液者即可。本發明中,胺基酸係通常以游離胺基酸的狀態來使用,但亦可為藥學上所容許的鹽、酯類、N-醯基衍生物二肽之形態。第2室輸液所調配之游離胺基酸的具體例係可例示如L-白
胺酸、L-異白胺酸、L-纈胺酸、L-離胺酸、L-蘇胺酸、L-色胺酸、L-甲硫胺酸、L-苯丙胺酸、L-半胱胺酸、L-酪胺酸、L-精胺酸、L-組胺酸、L-丙胺酸、L-脯胺酸、L-絲胺酸、甘胺酸、L-天門冬胺酸、L-麩胺酸等。又,胺基酸的鹽類,具體而言係可例示如L-精胺酸鹽酸鹽、L-半胱胺酸鹽酸鹽、L-麩胺酸鹽酸鹽、L-組胺酸鹽酸鹽、L-離胺酸鹽酸鹽等無機酸鹽;L-離胺酸醋酸鹽、L-離胺酸蘋果酸鹽等有機酸鹽等。胺基酸之酯類,具體而言係可例示如:L-酪胺酸甲酯、L-甲硫胺酸甲酯、L-甲硫胺酸乙酯等。胺基酸的N-醯基體具體而言係可例示如N-醯基-L-半胱胺酸、N-醯基-L-色胺酸、N-醯基-L-脯胺酸等。胺基酸的二肽具體而言係可例示如:L-酪胺醯基-L-酪胺酸、L-丙胺醯基-L-酪胺酸、L-精胺醯基-L-酪胺酸、L-酪胺醯基-L-精胺酸等。特別是L-半胱胺酸,作為醯基半胱胺酸調配時在安定性的點上很適合。該等胺基酸係可單獨地使用1種,但從營養補給的觀點看來,宜將2種以上組合使用。較佳係可例示如至少包含全部必須胺基酸(即,L-白胺酸、L-異白胺酸、L-纈胺酸、L-離胺酸、L-蘇胺酸、L-色胺酸、L-甲硫胺酸、L-苯丙胺酸、L-組胺酸等9種胺基酸)者。
第2室輸液中胺基酸的調配比例,以游離胺基酸之總量例示,宜為40至120g/L,較宜為50至100g/L之範圍。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的胺基酸濃度宜設定成以游離胺基酸總量計為滿足10至50g/L較宜為滿足20至30g/L之範圍。
又,調配於第2室輸液中的胺基酸組合及調配比例之適宜例之一係如下所述。亦即,以游離胺基酸換算計,L-白胺酸:5至15g/L、L-異白胺酸:3至9g/L、L-纈胺酸:3至9g/L、L-離胺酸:3至12g/L、L-蘇胺酸:1.2至6g/L、L-色胺酸:0.3至3g/L、L-甲硫胺酸:0.6至4.8g/L、L-苯丙胺酸:1.8至9g/L、L-半胱胺酸:0.1至1.8g/L、L-酪胺酸:0.06至1.2g/L、L-精胺酸:3至12g/L、L-組胺酸:1.2至6g/L、L-丙胺酸:3至9g/L、L-脯胺酸:1.2至6g/L、L-絲胺酸:0.6至4.2g/L、甘胺酸:1.2至6g/L、L-天門冬胺酸:0.12至1.8g/L、及L-麩胺酸:0.12至1.8g/L。
又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的胺基酸濃度之適宜例之一係如下所述。即,以遊離胺基酸換算計L-白胺酸:3至9g/L、L-異白胺酸:1.5至4.5g/L、L-纈胺酸:1.5至4.5g/L、L-離胺酸:1.5至5g/L、L-蘇胺酸:0.6至3g/L、L-色胺酸:0.15至1.5g/L、L-甲硫胺酸:0.3至2.4g/L、L-苯丙胺酸:0.85至4.5g/L、L-半胱胺酸:0.03至0.9g/L、L-酪胺酸:0.03至0.6g/L、L-精胺酸:1.5至5g/L、L-組胺酸:0.6至3g/L、L-丙胺酸:1.5至4.5g/L、L-脯胺酸:0.6至3g/L、L-絲胺酸:0.3至2.1g/L、甘胺酸:0.6至3g/L、L-天門冬胺酸:0.06至0.9g/L、及L-麩胺酸:0.06至0.9g/L。
調配於第2室輸液中之電解質係指可在輸液領域使用的電解質,具體而言係包含於體液(例如血液、細胞內液)中的電解質(體液電解質)。也可說是生理學上重要的電
解質。更具體而言,可例示如鉀、鈣、鈉、鎂、磷、鋅、氯等。再者,本發明的輸液製劑中,該等電解質係以不調配在第1室輸液中為佳。特別是鉀,為了避免因高濃度鉀之投藥所造成的危險性,故雖然在2室輸液製劑的情況下通常會調配至兩邊輸液中,但在本發明之輸液製劑係僅調配於第2室輸液中。
作為鉀供給源,係可例示如氯化鉀、醋酸鉀、檸檬酸鉀、甘油磷酸鉀、硫酸鉀、乳酸鉀等。該等之中尤其是甘油磷酸鉀因為亦可成為磷供給源故為適宜。該等鉀供給源亦可為水合物形態。鉀係以在第2室輸液之濃度呈40mEq/L以下(宜為25至40mEq/L)之方式來調配。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鉀濃度係16mEq/L以上(宜為16至25mEq/L,較宜為16至20mEq/L)。
作為鈣的供給源,可例示如葡萄糖酸鈣、氯化鈣、甘油磷酸鈣、乳酸鈣、泛酸鈣、醋酸鈣等鈣鹽。又,鈣鹽亦可為水合物形態(例如葡萄糖酸鈣水合物等)。鈣係以在第2室輸液中濃度呈15mEq/L以下(宜為6至12mEq/L)的方式調配。又,在本發明的輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鈣濃度為9mEq/L以下(宜為3至6mEq/L)。
作為鈉供給源,可例示如氯化鈉、乳酸鈉、醋酸鈉、硫酸鈉、甘油磷酸鈉、檸檬酸鈉、乳酸鈉等鈉鹽。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,調配磷、鈣及/或鎂時,為了防止
該等產生沉澱,宜使用檸檬酸鈉來作為鈉供給源(之一部分)。又,鈉供給源亦可為水合物形態。鈉對第2室輸液之調配比例係可例示如在第2室輸液中為50至100mEq/L,宜為40至80mEq/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鈉濃度宜設定為可滿足呈25至50mEq/L,宜為30至40mEq/L之範圍。
作為鎂供給源,可例示如硫酸鎂、氯化鎂、醋酸鎂等。又,鎂供給源亦可為水合物形態。鎂對第2室輸液的調配比例係可例示如在第2室輸液中為1至20mEq/L,宜為5至15mEq/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鎂濃度宜設定為可滿足呈0.5至10mEq/L,宜為6mEq/L之範圍。
作為磷供給源,由於若使用無機鹽會產生磷酸鈣及磷酸鎂的沉澱,故宜使用例如甘油磷酸鈉、甘油磷酸鉀等有機鹽。又,在第1室中使用卵磷脂來作為乳化劑時,該卵磷脂亦可成為磷供給源。僅以來自該卵磷脂的磷便能涵蓋必要量之磷時,便無需在第2室調配磷,而不會產生磷酸鈣等的沉澱故為佳。磷對第2室輸液之調配比例係可例示如在第2室輸液中為0至20mmol/L。又,在發明的輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的磷濃度宜設定為可滿足呈1至20mmol/L,宜為5至10mmol/L之範圍。
作為鋅供給源,可例示如硫酸鋅、氯化鋅等。又,鋅供給源亦可為水合物形態。鋅對第2室輸液之調配比例係可例示如在第2室輸液中為2.5至15μmol/L。又,在發明的
輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鋅濃度宜設定為可滿足呈1.5至9μmol/L之範圍。
作為氯供給源,可例示如氯化鈉、氯化鉀、氯化鎂、氯化鈣等。氯對第2室輸液之調配比例係可例示如在第2室輸液中為50至100mEq/L,宜為40至80mEq/L。又,在本發明的輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的氯濃度宜設定為可滿足呈25至60mEq/L,宜為30至40mEq/L之範圍。
第2室輸液宜視需要藉由pH調整劑將pH調整成6.0至7.4,宜為6.5至7.2。作為pH調整劑,係可使用與關於第1室輸液所記載者相同者。特別是檸檬酸因可抑制磷酸鈣的析出,故可適宜地使用。藉由使第2室輸液滿足上述pH範圍,可謀求L-半胱胺酸、L-麩胺酸等易起化學變化的胺基酸之安定化,更能將與第1室輸液混合後之混合液的pH維持在後述之最適範圍內。
就第2室輸液的溶劑而言,通常亦可使用注射用蒸餾水。
本發明之輸液製劑中,第2室輸液之滲透壓比係呈2.5至3.5左右。
又,亦可視需要在本發明之輸液製劑中調配安定劑。就調配於本發明之輸液製劑中的安定劑而言,可例示如亞硫酸氫鈉等亞硫酸鹽。為了避免第1室輸液中所包含之維生素B1分解,亞硫酸鹽係調配於第2室輸液中。第2室輸液之亞硫酸鹽的調配量係可例示如20至50mg/L之範圍。
在本發明之輸液製劑中,除了維生素B1以外亦可調配多種維生素。即便非為3室或4室輸液製劑,在2室輸液製劑中可安定地調配維生素的點亦為本發明之輸液製劑的特徵之一。就維生素而言,有水溶性維生素與脂溶性維生素。在本發明之輸液製劑中,脂溶性維生素係調配於第1室輸液中。又,水溶性維生素係可調配於第1室輸液、第2室輸液之任一者中。惟,如前所述,維生素B1係調配於第1室輸液中。
作為調配於本發明之輸液製劑中的水溶性維生素,可列舉如維生素B群、維生素C。就維生素B群而言,除維生素B1(硫胺素)外尚可列舉如維生素B2(核黃素)、維生素B3(菸鹼酸)、維生素B5(泛酸)、維生素B6、維生素B7(生物素)、維生素B9(葉酸)、維生素B12(氰鈷銨素)等。又,就脂溶性維生素而言,係可列舉如維生素A、維生素D(特別是膽鈣化固醇)、維生素E、維生素K等。
調配維生素C(抗壞血酸)時,可調配在第1室輸液及第2室輸液中任一者或兩者中,但以調配在第2室輸液中為佳。維生素C調配於第2室輸液中時,第2室輸液之維生素C的調配比例係可例示如50至500mg/L,宜為100至400mg/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素C的濃度宜設定為滿足以下範圍:通常為25至250mg/L,宜為50至200mg/L,較宜為40至100mg/L。
就維生素B2而言,可使用核黃素、核黃素磷酸酯鈉、黃素單核苷酸等。在調配維生素B2時,可調配於第1
室輸液及第2室輸液中任一者或兩者中。惟,為了避免因維生素B2與葉酸之反應所造成之葉酸的不安定化,宜將該等成分分開收容。例如,在第1室輸液中調配有葉酸時,維生素B2宜被調配在第2室輸液中。維生素B2調配在第2室輸液中時,第2室輸液之維生素B2的調配比例通常以核黃素計可例示如2.5至15mg/L,宜為4至8mg/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素B2濃度係宜設定成滿足通常以核黃素計為0.5至10mg/L,宜為0.5至3mg/L之範圍。
作為維生素B6係可使用吡哆醇、吡哆醇鹽酸鹽等吡哆醇的鹽等。調配維生素B6時,雖可於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者中皆可,但由於維生素B6與維生素B2共存時會變得對光非常不安定之故,宜與維生素B2調配於不同處。將維生素B6調配於第1室輸液中時,第1室輸液之維生素B6的調配比例係可例示如通常以吡哆醇計為2至10mg/L,宜為2.5至5mg/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素B6濃度係宜設定成滿足通常以吡哆醇計為1至10mg/L,宜為1.5至3.5mg/L之範圍。
調配葉酸時,雖可調配於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者或兩者中,但以調配於第1室輸液中為佳。將葉酸調配在第1室輸液中時,第1室輸液之葉酸調配比例係可例示如通常0.1至0.8mg/L,宜為0.2至0.5mg/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液及第2室輸液之混合液的葉酸濃
度係宜設定成滿足通常為0.1至0.7mg/L,宜為0.2至0.4mg/L之範圍。
作為維生素B12係可使用氰鈷銨素、乙酸羥鈷胺、甲基鈷胺素等。調配維生素B12時,雖可調配於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者或兩者中皆可,但以調配在第1室輸液中為佳。將維生素B12調配於第1室輸液中時,第1室輸液之維生素B12的調配比例係可例示如2至10μg/L,宜為2.5至5μg/L。又,本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素B12濃度係宜設定成滿足通常為0.5至10mg/L,宜為0.5至3mg/L之範圍。
作為菸鹼酸係例如可適宜地使用菸鹼醯胺。調配菸鹼酸時,雖可調配於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者或兩者中皆可,但以調配於第2室輸液中為佳。菸鹼酸調配於第2室輸液中時,第2室輸液之菸鹼酸的調配比例係可例示如10至100mg/L,宜為20至50mg/L。又,又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的菸鹼酸濃度係宜設定為滿足通常5至50mg/L,宜為5至20mg/L之範圍。
作為泛酸,係可適宜地使用泛醇。調配泛酸時,雖可調配於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者或兩者中皆可,但宜調配於第2室輸液中。泛酸調配於第2室輸液中時,第2室輸液之泛酸的調配比例係可例示如以泛醇計為5至30mg/L,宜為10至20mg/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的泛醇濃度係宜設定成滿足
通常2.5至15mg/L,宜為5至10mg/L之範圍。
調配生物素時,雖可調配於第1室輸液及第2室輸液之任一者或兩者中皆可,但以調配於第2室輸液中為佳。生物素調配於第2室輸液中時,第2室輸液之生物素的調配比例係可例示如10至100μg/L,宜為20至80μg/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的生物素濃度亦設定成滿足通常1至50μg/L,宜為10至40μg/L之範圍。
作為維生素A,可適宜地使用棕櫚酸視黃酯。又,可使用將其溶解在油中所形成的維生素A油。維生素A係脂溶性維生素,可調配於第1室輸液中。第1室輸液之維生素A的調配比例係可例示如1000至5000IU/L,宜為2000至4000IU/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素A濃度亦宜設定成滿足通常500至2500IU/L,宜為1000至2000IU/L之範圍。再者,IU為國際單位。亦可稱為維生素A單位。
作為維生素D係可使用膽鈣化固醇(維生素D3)。維生素D係脂溶性維生素,可調配於第1室輸液中。第1室輸液之維生素D的調配比例係可例示如2至10μg/L,宜為2.5至5μg/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素D濃度係宜設定成滿足通常0.5至10μg/L,宜為0.5至3μg/L之範圍。
作為維生素E,可適宜地使用生育酚乙酸酯。維生素E係脂溶性維生素,可調配於第1室輸液中。第1室輸液
之維生素E的調配比例係可例示如2至50mg/L,宜為5至20mg/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素D濃度係宜設定成滿足通常1至25mg/L,宜為2.5至10mg/L之範圍。
作為維生素K,葉萘醌(維生素K1)。維生素A為脂溶性維生素,可調配於第1室輸液中。第1室輸液之維生素K的調配比例係可例示如50至2500μg/L,宜為80至2000μg/L。又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的維生素K濃度係宜設定成滿足通常20至1200μg/L,宜為30至1000μg/L之範圍。
再者,作為第1室輸液組成及第2室輸液組成之適宜的1例,係可例示如以下的組成。
〔第1室輸液〕
精製大豆油:10-50g/L
葡萄糖:70-150g/L
維生素B1鹽酸鹽:3-10mg/L
吡哆醇鹽酸鹽:3-7mg/L
氰鈷銨素:2.5-5μg/L
葉酸:0.2-0.5mg/L
維生素A油:2000-4000IU/L
膽鈣化固醇:2.5-5μg/L
生育酚乙酸酯:5-20mg/L
葉萘醌:80-2000μg/L
〔第2室輸液〕
L-白胺酸:5-15g/L
L-異白胺酸:3-9g/L
L-纈胺酸:3-9g/L
L-離胺酸鹽酸鹽:3.5-15g/L
L-蘇胺酸:1.2-6g/L
L-色胺酸:0.3-3g/L
L-甲硫胺酸:0.6-4.8g/L
醯基半胱胺酸:0.13-2.4g/L
L-苯丙胺酸:1.8-9g/L
L-酪胺酸:0.06-1.2g/L
L-精胺酸:3-12g/L
L-組胺酸:1.2-6g/L
L-丙胺酸:3-9g/L
L-脯胺酸:1.2-6g/L
L-絲胺酸:0.6-4.2g/L
甘胺酸:1.2-6g/L
L-天門冬胺酸:0.12-1.8g/L
L-麩胺酸:0.12-1.8g/L
鈉:40-80mEq/L
鉀:25-40mEq/L
鈣:6-12mEq/L
鎂:5-15mEq/L
氯:40-80mEq/L
磷:0-20mmoL/L
鋅:2.5-15μmol/L
核黃素磷酸酯鈉:5-10mg/L
抗壞血酸:0.1-0.4g/L
生物素:20-80μg/L
菸鹼醯胺:20-50mg/L
泛醇:9-19mg/L
再者,第1室輸液及第2室輸液兩者皆可依循公知的輸液製造方法來製造。例如,可使上述各輸液成分溶解於注射用蒸餾水中來製造。脂溶性成分係例如宜如上所述經乳化後再使用。
第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液
本發明之輸液製劑係在使用時才將第1室輸液與第2室輸液混合來使用。第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液,為了抑制血管痛或靜脈炎之發生來提高安全性,期許其pH值為6至7.4,宜為6.5至7.0,滴定酸度為1至10、滲透壓比為2至3。
又,在本發明之輸液製劑中,就第1室輸液與第2室輸液之體積比而言,雖可視前述第1室輸液與第2室輸液之液量等來適宜設定,但從所含有之各成分的安定性及各室的滲透壓之設定的觀點看來,係可舉例如(第1室輸液:第2室輸液)之體積比呈(3:2至3:5)之體積比。
又,該混合液之熱量宜為450至750kcal/L,較宜為500至650kcal/L。該熱量中,脂肪所占比例宜為40%以下,較宜為20至40%。又,該熱量中,糖、脂肪及胺基酸所占比例宜為糖:40至60%、脂肪:20至40%、胺基酸:10
至30%;更宜為糖:45至55%、脂肪:25至35%、胺基酸:15至25%。
再者,大約的熱量係可對各成分之調配量(g)各自乘上糖4、脂肪9、胺基酸4來獲得。也就是說,糖1g的熱量係約4kcal,脂質1g的熱量係約9kcal,胺基酸1g的熱量係約4kca,可基於此來求取熱量。上述「該混合液之熱量」之記載係基於藉由該計算所算出之值。
再者,作為該混合液之各成分組成之適宜例之1,係可例示如以下的組成。
輸液製劑的使用態樣
本發明之輸液製劑係經口攝取不充分且在輕度的低蛋白血症或低度的低營養狀態下或在侵犯期(invasive phase)時,以手術前後之病患的營養管理為目的來使用,尤其是可適宜地使用於手術後或因消化器官疾病而難以經口進行營養補給的病患(宜為接受了消化器官切除手術之病患)的營養管理之目的。藉由將本發明之輸液製劑在手術後1至14日期間,宜為手術後1至3日期間對病患投藥,可健全地保持病患的營養狀態。投藥量及投藥速度係可在考慮各病患之症狀及年齡等後進行適宜設定。特別是,本發明之輸液製劑僅以上述投藥期間、該輸液製劑,便能健全地保持病患的營養狀態。
本發明之輸液製劑係宜從末梢靜脈投藥。即,本發明之輸液製劑宜為末梢靜脈投藥用輸液製劑。通常,從末梢靜脈投藥輸液時,若輸液的滲透壓過高,恐有引起血管痛及靜脈炎的疑慮,若為本發明之輸液製劑則不會有這種疑慮,故在從末梢靜脈投藥時,本發明之輸液製劑的該效果便能獲得很好的發揮。
輸液容器
作為收容第1室輸液與第2室輸液之容器,只要是具有可連通之2室者便無特別限定,可舉例如藉由易剝離封膜來形成隔壁者(日本專利特開平2-4671號公報、實開平5-5138號公報等)、將室間以夾子夾住藉以形成隔壁者(日本專利特開昭63-309263號公報等)、在隔壁上設有可開封之各種連通
手段而成者(日本專利特公昭63-20550號公報等)等以可連通之隔壁隔開的2室容器(輸液袋)。該等之中,隔壁以易剝離封膜(easy peel seal)來形成的輸液袋因適合大量生產,又連通作業亦容易故為佳。又,作為上述容器的材質,係可列舉醫療用容器等所慣用之各種透氣性塑膠,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、交聯乙烯/乙烯基醋酸共聚物、乙烯/α-烯烴共聚物,該等各聚合物的摻合物或積層體等的柔軟性塑膠。
對上述容器之第1室輸液及第2室輸液的填充、收容係可依循常法來進行,可舉例如將各輸液在惰性氣體環境下填充至各室中後,施以栓塞,並加熱滅菌之方法。在此,加熱滅菌係可採用高壓蒸氣滅菌、熱水浴滅菌等採用方法,並能視需要在二氧化碳、氮等惰性氣體環境中進行。
進一步,為了確實地防止收容於上述容器中之第1室輸液及第2室輸液變質、氧化等,宜將容器與脫氧劑一起以氧障蔽性外裝袋來包裝。尤其是,在採用隔壁由易剝離封膜所形成之輸液袋作為容器時,該輸液袋宜以不會因外壓使隔壁連通的方式在易剝離封膜部分經折疊的狀態,例如宜在易剝離封膜部分以經對折的狀態來包裝。又,亦可視需要來進行惰性氣體填充包裝等。
作為適合上述包裝之氧障蔽性外裝袋的材質,可使用一般所廣泛使用之各種材質的薄膜、薄片等。其具體例係可舉例如:乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物、聚二氯亞乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乙烯醇、聚醯胺、聚酯等,或由包含該等之至少1
種的材質所構成之薄膜、薄片等。
又,作為脫氧劑係可使用各種公知物,例如以氫氧化鐵、氧化鐵、碳化鐵等鐵化合物為有效成分者,或使用低分子酚與活性碳者。其代表性的市售商品的商品名係可列舉如「AGELESS」(三菱瓦斯化學社製)、「MOJURAN」(日本化藥社製)、「SEQUL」(日本曹達社製)、「TAMOTSU」(王子化工社製)、「KEEPIT」(Dorency社製)等。
以下具體地說明本發明,但本發明非受下述各例所限定者。
實施例1 輸液製劑的調製
1. 第1室輸液之調製
依照表2所示之組成,將精製大豆油、精製卵黄卵磷脂及葡萄糖加入水中,利用乳化機進行粗乳化後,以高壓乳化機(Manton-Gaulin)進行精乳化,在加水將全量調整為250ml。又,使用pH調整劑(L-組胺酸及鹽酸)將pH調整成約6.0。如此所獲得之第1室輸液的滲透壓比為3.0,滴定酸度為0.5。
2. 第2室輸液之調製
依照表3所示之組成,將各胺基酸、電解質及安定劑(亞硫酸氫鈉)溶解於注射用蒸餾水中,調製胺電解質液。進一步,將該液的pH以冰醋酸調整成6.7,使全量成為250mL,調製第2室輸液。如此所獲得之第2室輸液的滲透壓比為3.0,鉀濃度為40mEq/L。
3. 充填/包裝
將以上述方式所獲得之第1室輸液250mL及第2室輸液250mL,分別填充至各室由易剝離封膜區隔之聚乙烯製2室容器的各室中,進行各室空間部的氮置換,密封後,按常法進行高壓蒸氣滅菌。其後,將容器在易剝離封膜部折疊,與脫氧劑(商品名「AGELESS」;三菱瓦斯化學社製)一起封入多層障蔽薄膜(商品名「BOVLON」;NSR社製)的外裝袋中,獲得輸液製劑。再者,將該輸液製劑之第1室輸液與第2室輸液混合後之混合液(將組成表示於表4)係pH為6.7、滴定酸度7、鉀濃度20mEq/L。又,在混合後3天期間的保存中,粒徑0.5μm以上之粗大粒子的體積係USP(美國藥典)規格之0.05%以下,脂肪粒子安定。粒徑係使用ACCUSIZER 780(PERTICLE SIZING SYSTEM社製)來測定。
實施例2 輸液製劑的調製
1. 第1室輸液之調製
除了表2的成分之外,進一步以與實施例1相同的方式調製將維生素B1鹽酸鹽0.96mg調配而得之液劑250ml,來製作第1室輸液。再者,該第1室輸液之pH值約調整為6.0。又,該第1室輸液的滲透壓比為3,滴定酸度為0.5。
2. 第2室輸液的調製
以與實施例1相同的方式來製作第2室輸液。
3. 充填/包裝
將以上述方式所獲得之第1室輸液250mL及第2室輸液250mL,分別填充至各室由易剝離封膜區隔之聚乙烯製2室容器的各室中,進行各室空間部的氮置換,密封後,按常法進行高壓蒸氣滅菌。其後,將容器在易剝離封膜部折疊,與脫氧劑(商品名「AGELESS」;三菱瓦斯化學社製)一起封入多層障蔽薄膜(商品名「BOVLON」;NSR社製)的外裝袋中,獲得輸液製劑。再者,將該輸液製劑之第1室輸液與第2室輸液混合後之混合液(將組持表示於表5)係pH為6.7,滴定酸度為7,鉀濃度為20mEq/L。又,在混合後3天期間的保存中,粒徑0.5μm以上之粗大粒子的體積係0.05%以下,脂肪粒子安定。
實施例3 輸液製劑的調製
1. 第1室輸液的調製
在表2的成分之外,進一步以與實施例1相同的方式調製將維生素A油2.75mg(825維生素A單位)、膽鈣化固醇1.25μg、生育酚乙酸酯2.5mg、葉萘醌1mg、維生素B1鹽酸鹽0.96mg、吡哆醇鹽酸鹽1.23mg、氰鈷銨素1.25μg及葉酸0.1mg調配而得之液劑250ml,來製作第1室輸液。再者,維生素A油、膽鈣化固醇、生育酚乙酸酯、葉萘醌係預先溶解於精製大豆油中再使用。該第1室輸液之pH值約調整為6.0。又,該第1室輸液的滲透壓比為3,滴定酸度為0.5。
2. 第2室輸液的調製
除了表3的成分,進一步以與實施例1相同的方式調製將抗壞血酸25mg、生物素15μg、菸鹼醯胺10mg、泛醇3.5mg及核黃素磷酸酯鈉1.15mg調配而得之液劑250ml,來製作第2室輸液。滲透壓比為3、鉀濃度為40mEq/L。又pH經調整至6.7。
3. 充填/包裝
將以上述方式所獲得之第1室輸液250mL及第2室輸液250mL,分別填充至各室由易剝離封膜區隔之聚乙烯製2室容器的各室中,進行各室空間部的氮置換,密封後,按常法進行高壓蒸氣滅菌。其後,將容器在易剝離封膜部折疊,與脫氧劑(商品名「AGELESS」;三菱瓦斯化學社製)一起封入多層障蔽薄膜(商品名「BOVLON」;NSR社製)的外裝袋中,獲得輸液製劑。再者,將該輸液製劑之第1室輸
液與第2室輸液混合後之混合液(將組成表示於表6),pH為6.7,滴定酸度為7,鉀濃度為20mEq/L。又,在混合後3天期間的保存中,粒徑0.5μm以上之粗大粒子的體積係0.05%以下,脂肪粒子安定。
再者,將該輸液製劑(第1室輸液及第2室輸液尚未混合)在室溫下保存6個月後,將第1室輸液或第2室輸液中所含有的各維生素成分量,使用HPLC來測定後,可獲得下面表7所示之結果。從該結果可確認,若為該輸液製劑,則各維生素成分即便在6個月後仍安定地存在。
實施例4 輸液製劑的調製
1. 第1室輸液的調製
在表2的成分之外,進一步以與實施例3相同的方式調製將維生素A油2.75mg(825維生素A單位)、膽鈣化固醇1.25μg、生育酚乙酸酯2.5mg、葉萘醌37.55μg、維生素B1鹽酸鹽1.92mg、吡哆醇鹽酸鹽1.82mg、及氰鈷銨素1.25μg、葉酸0.15mg調配而得之液劑300ml,來製作第1室輸液。此時,
pH值調整為約6.0。又,滲透壓比為2.5,滴定酸度為0.5。
2. 第2室輸液的調製
除了表3的成分,進一步以與實施例3相同的方式調製將維生素C(抗壞血酸)50mg、生物素15μg、菸鹼醯胺10mg、泛醇3.5mg及維生素B2(磷酸核黃素鈉)1.15mg調配而得之液劑250ml,來製作第2室輸液。此時,pH經調整至6.7。滲透壓比為3.0,鉀濃度為40mEq/L。
3. 充填/包裝
將以上述方式所獲得之第1室輸液300mL及第2室輸液250mL,分別填充至各室由易剝離封膜區隔之聚乙烯製2室容器的各室中,進行各室空間部的氮置換,密封後,按常法進行高壓蒸氣滅菌。其後,將容器在易剝離封膜部折疊,與脫氧劑(商品名「AGELESS」;三菱瓦斯化學社製)一起封入多層障蔽薄膜(商品名「BOVLON」;NSR社製)的外裝袋中,獲得輸液製劑。再者,將該輸液製劑之第1室輸液與第2室輸液混合後之混合液(將組成表示於表8),pH為6.7,滴定酸度為6,鉀濃度為18.2mEq/L。又,在混合後3天期間的保存中,粒徑0.5μm以上之粗大粒子的體積係0.05%以下,脂肪粒子安定。
比較例1 輸液製劑的調製
1. 第1室輸液的調製
依照表2所示的組成,將精製大豆油、精製卵黄卵磷脂及葡萄糖加入水中並藉由乳化機進行粗乳化後,以高壓乳化機(Manton-Gaulin)進行精乳化,進一步加入水將全量調整為350ml。又,使用pH調整劑(L-組胺酸及鹽酸)將pH調整成6.0。如此所獲得之第1室輸液的滲透壓比為2.1,滴定酸度為0.5。
2. 第2室輸液的調製
將調配表3的成分而成之液劑150ml,以與實施例1相同的方式調製,來製作第2室輸液。此時,pH經調整至6.7。滲透壓比為5,鉀濃度為67mEq/L。
3. 充填/包裝
將以上述方式所獲得之第1室輸液350mL及第2室輸液150mL,分別填充至各室由易剝離封膜區隔之聚乙烯製2室容器的各室中,進行各室空間部的氮置換,密封後,按常法進行高壓蒸氣滅菌。其後,將容器在易剝離封膜部折疊,與脫氧劑(商品名「AGELESS」;三菱瓦斯化學社製)一起封入多層障蔽薄膜(商品名「BOVLON」;NSR社製)的外裝袋中,獲得輸液製劑。再者,雖然該輸液製劑之第1室輸液與第2室輸液混合後之混合液與實施例1為完全相同的組成,但在比較例1的處方中,由於第2室的鉀濃度呈67mEq/L這樣的高濃度,在隔壁未開通就使用的情況下,就是將高濃度的鉀投藥於體內,是非常危險的。又,
第2室的滲透壓比極高高達5時亦不可忽略靜脈炎等的不良影響。
Claims (4)
- 一種輸液製劑,具有以可連通之隔件隔開之2室,其係於第1室收容有包含糖及脂肪乳劑之第1室輸液;於第2室收容有包含胺基酸及電解質之第2室輸液;前述第1室輸液實質上不含有鉀,滲透壓比為2.0至3.0;前述第2室輸液之鉀濃度在40mEq/L以下,且滲透壓比為2.5至3.5;於隔件連通時測定,前述第1室輸液與第2室輸液之混合液的鉀濃度為16mEq/L以上;且第1室輸液與第2室輸液之體積比為3:2至3:3。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之輸液製劑,其中第1室輸液之pH為4.5至6.5,且第2室輸液之pH為6.0至7.4。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之輸液製劑,其係於第1室進一步含有維生素B1。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之輸液製劑,其係於第1室輸液中進一步含有維生素A、維生素B6、維生素B12、維生素D、維生素E及維生素K,且於第2室輸液中進一步含有維生素C及維生素B2者。
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