TW201625709A - 氰酸酯化合物與其製造方法、樹脂組成物及硬化物 - Google Patents
氰酸酯化合物與其製造方法、樹脂組成物及硬化物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201625709A TW201625709A TW104140034A TW104140034A TW201625709A TW 201625709 A TW201625709 A TW 201625709A TW 104140034 A TW104140034 A TW 104140034A TW 104140034 A TW104140034 A TW 104140034A TW 201625709 A TW201625709 A TW 201625709A
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- resin
- compound
- resin composition
- cyanate
- group
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- 239000004643 cyanate ester Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 72
- -1 cyanate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 188
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 52
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 BWVAOONFBYYRHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 9
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- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 8
- DAJPMKAQEUGECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(methoxymethyl)benzene Chemical compound COCC1=CC=C(COC)C=C1 DAJPMKAQEUGECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
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- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- AHZMUXQJTGRNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-cyanatophenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] cyanate Chemical compound C=1C=C(OC#N)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OC#N)C=C1 AHZMUXQJTGRNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- DEABFUINOSGCMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethylphenyl) cyanate Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(OC#N)C=C1 DEABFUINOSGCMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OOC(=O)OC(C)C RGBXDEHYFWDBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN1CCOCC1 WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004360 trifluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical compound O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(dioxo)molybdenum Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O XAEWLETZEZXLHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G14/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00
- C08G14/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes
- C08G14/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with two or more other monomers covered by at least two of the groups C08G8/00 - C08G12/00 of aldehydes with phenols
- C08G14/12—Chemically modified polycondensates
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/098—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas or melamines
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0638—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08G73/065—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/0655—Preparatory processes from polycyanurates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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Abstract
一種氰酸酯化合物,具有下列通式(1)表示之結構; 【化1】□(式中,n表示1以上之整數。)
Description
本發明係關於氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、含有前述氰酸酯化合物之樹脂組成物、及該樹脂組成物之硬化物。
氰酸酯化合物因硬化而生成三環,且有高耐熱性及優良的電特性,故廣泛使用於作為結構用複合材料、黏著劑、電用絕緣材料、電電子零件等各種機能性高分子材料之原料。但是伴隨近年在該等應用領域要求性能之高度化,對於機能性高分子材料要求的各種物性也越來越嚴格。作為該物性例如可以列舉阻燃性、耐熱性、低熱膨脹率、低吸水性、低介電常數、低介電正切、耐候性、耐藥品性、及、高破壊靭性等。但是直到現在,仍未完全滿足該等要求之物性。
例如:在半導體包裝材料之領域,伴隨基板之薄片化,會有在半導體晶片與基板材料之間由於熱膨脹係數之不匹配造成的翹曲的問題。就解決方式而言,要求基板材料使用之機能性高分子材料本身的低熱膨脹及高耐熱性改善。又,印刷電路板之焊料,考量人體及環境,希望使用無鉛焊料。伴隨於此,從耐受在高溫之回焊步驟之觀點,也希望機能性高分子材料本身的低熱膨脹及高耐熱性改善。
又,考量使機能性高分子材料之阻燃性提高之觀點,以往有時會在此機能性高分子材料含有鹵素原子或磷原子。但是鹵素原子可能會在燃燒時產生有環境汚染之顧慮的鹵素系氣體,且會使最終製品之絕緣性降低。又,磷原子常會使阻燃性以外之要求物性(耐熱性、耐濕性及低吸水性等)降低。因而要求機能性高分子材料不含鹵素原子及磷原子而能使阻燃性改善。
又,在印刷電路板用途等製造疊層板時,係首先將為機能性高分子材料之前驅體的硬化前單體溶於甲乙酮等溶劑而製成清漆後,使其含浸於玻璃纖維並使其乾燥而製成預浸體。所以,對於上述單體也要求溶劑溶解性改善。
在半導體密封材料之領域,希望減少電力損失(省能),已有人積極地探討將半導體元件從矽(Si)替換成碳化矽(SiC)等寬能隙(wide-gap)半導體。SiC半導體比起Si半導體在化學上較安定,能於超過200℃之高溫動作,就裝置而言也可期待小型化。伴隨於此,對於含有密封材料使用之機能性高分子材料之組成物也要求耐熱性、低熱膨脹、及長期在高溫之耐熱性(以下稱為長期耐熱性)等。
作為可獲得具備低熱膨脹及耐熱性之氰酸酯化合物單體之硬化物,例如有人提出使用把將氰氧基苯基彼此鍵結之亞甲基之氫取代成特定烷基而得之2官能氰氧基苯基類型之氰酸酯化合物(1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)異丁烷)(參照專利文獻1)。但是2官能氰氧基苯基類型之氰酸酯化合物中,若把將氰氧基苯基彼此鍵結之亞甲基之氫取代成烷基,則阻燃性(在高溫下之難分解性)會降低。又,專利文獻1完全未記載阻燃性及長期耐熱性。
又,作為獲得具備低熱膨脹及阻燃性之氰酸酯化合物單體之硬化物,例如有人提出使用芳烷基結構之氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻2)。但是芳烷基結構之氰酸酯化合物不易溶於溶劑,操作困難。
再者,作為獲得具備阻燃性及/或耐熱性之氰酸酯化合物單體之硬化物,例如有人提出使用:含有異氰脲酸骨架之氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻3)、含有三骨架之氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻4)、把將氰氧基苯基彼此鍵結之亞甲基之氫取代為聯苯基而得之2官能氰氧基苯基類型之氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻5)、苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛樹脂之氰酸酯化物(參照專利文獻6)、組合3官能氰氧基苯基類型(參苯酚烷型)之氰酸酯化合物與2官能氰氧基苯基類型之氰酸酯化合物 (參照專利文獻7)、組合雙酚A型氰酸酯化合物與含有醯亞胺骨架之氰酸酯化合物(參照專利文獻8)。但是在任一文獻皆未記載熱膨脹率、長期耐熱性及/或溶劑溶解性。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
專利文獻1:國際公開第2012/057144號小冊 專利文獻2:日本專利第4407823號公報 專利文獻3:日本專利第4654770號公報 專利文獻4:日本特開2012-036114號公報 專利文獻5:日本專利第5104312號公報 專利文獻6:國際公開第2013/21869號小冊 專利文獻7:日本專利第2613056號公報 專利文獻8:日本特開2010-180147號公報
[發明欲解決之課題]
如上,至今尚未使用有溶劑溶解性之氰酸酯化合物獲得以高等級具備低熱膨脹、阻燃性及耐熱性之實用的氰酸酯化合物的硬化物。
本發明有鑑於上述問題,目的在於提供:能給予熱膨脹率低、有優良阻燃性及耐熱性之硬化物,且有優良溶劑溶解性之新穎氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、含有前述氰酸酯化合物之樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物之硬化物、含有前述樹脂組成物之預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑。
又,本發明之目的為提供可給予吸水性低、吸濕耐熱性及耐熱性優異之硬化物之樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物之硬化物、含有前述樹脂組成物之預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑。 [解決課題之方式]
本案發明人等為了解決上述課題而努力研究。其結果發現到:若為將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂予以氰酸酯化而得之氰酸酯化合物、及含有該氰酸酯化合物之樹脂組成物,則能解決上述課題,乃完成本發明。
亦即本發明如下。 [1]一種氰酸酯化合物,具有下列通式(1)表示之結構; 【化1】式中,n表示1以上之整數。 [2]如[1]之氰酸酯化合物,其重量平均分子量Mw為100~5000。 [3]一種氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,具有氰酸酯化步驟,係將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂進行氰酸酯化而獲得有下列通式(1)表示之結構之氰酸酯化合物(A); 【化2】式中,n表示1以上之整數。 [4]如[3]之氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,其中,在該氰酸酯化步驟前更具有以下步驟: 使對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯,與1,1’-聯-2-萘酚於酸性觸媒存在下反應而獲得該聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂。 [5]一種樹脂組成物,包含如[1]或[2]之氰酸酯化合物(A)。 [6]如[5]之樹脂組成物,更包括選自於由該氰酸酯化合物以外之氰酸酯化合物(B)、馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)、苯酚樹脂(D)、環氧樹脂(E)、氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)、苯并 化合物(G)、及具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)構成之群組中之1種以上。 [7]如[5]或[6]之樹脂組成物,其中,該氰酸酯化合物(A)之含量相對於該樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份為1~90質量份。 [8]如[5]~[7]中之任一項之樹脂組成物,更含有填充材(I)。 [9]如[6]~[8]中之任一項之樹脂組成物,其中,該環氧樹脂(E)含有選自於由聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、伸萘基醚型環氧樹脂、多官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂構成之群組中之1種以上。 [10]如[8]~[9]中之任一項之樹脂組成物,其中,該填充材(I)之含量相對於該樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份為50~1600質量份。 [11]一種硬化物,係使如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物硬化而成。 [12]一種預浸體,具有: 基材;含浸或塗佈於該基材之如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物。 [13]一種覆金屬箔疊層板,具有: 至少1片以上之經疊層之如[12]之預浸體;及 配置於該預浸體之單面或兩面之金屬箔。 [14]一種樹脂片,具有: 支持體;配置於該支持體之表面之含有如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物之層。 [15]一種印刷電路板,具有: 含有如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物之絕緣層;及 配置於該絕緣層之表面的導體層。 [16]一種密封用材料,含有如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物。 [17]一種纖維強化複合材料,含有如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物。 [18]一種黏著劑,含有如[5]~[10]中之任一項之樹脂組成物。 [發明之效果]
依照本發明,提供能給予熱膨脹率低、有優良阻燃性及耐熱性之硬化物且有優良溶劑溶解性之新穎氰酸酯化合物及其製造方法、含有前述氰酸酯化合物之樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物之硬化物、含有前述樹脂組成物之預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑。
又,依照本發明可提供能給予吸水性低、吸濕耐熱性及耐熱性優異之硬化物之樹脂組成物、該樹脂組成物之硬化物、含有前述樹脂組成物之預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑。
以下針對本實施方式(以下稱為「本實施形態」)詳細説明,但本發明不限於此,能在不脫離其要旨之範圍內為各種變形。
[氰酸酯化合物] 本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物(以下也稱為「氰酸酯化合物(A)」)有下列通式(1)表示之結構。 【化3】式中,n表示1以上之整數。
氰酸酯化合物(A)之重量平均分子量Mw較佳為100~5000,更佳為200~4500,又更佳為250~4000。氰酸酯化合物(A)之重量平均分子量Mw藉由為上述範圍內,有耐熱性更提高的傾向。重量平均分子量Mw可以利用GPC測定。
n為1以上之整數,較佳為1~50,更佳為1~25,又更佳為1~15,更佳為2~10。
[氰酸酯化合物(A)之製造方法] 本實施形態之氰酸酯化合物(A)之製造方法,例如也可以具有將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂予以氰酸酯化,而獲得有上述通式(1)表示之結構之氰酸酯化合物(A)之氰酸酯化步驟,視需要也可更具有在氰酸酯化步驟前使對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯與1,1’-聯-2-萘酚在酸性觸媒之存在下反應而獲得聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂合成步驟等。以下針對各步驟詳細説明。
(萘酚芳烷基樹脂合成步驟) 萘酚芳烷基樹脂合成步驟係使對二甲苯甘醇或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯與1,1’-聯-2-萘酚在酸性觸媒之存在下反應而獲得聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之步驟。該反應可依日本特開2014-9336號公報等記載之方法實施。
聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂不特別限定,例如可以列舉下列通式(2)表示之化合物。獲得之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂也可以是n不同之化合物之混合物。 【化4】式中,n表示1以上之整數。
聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之製造使用之酸性觸媒不特別限定,例如:酚醛清漆樹脂製造用途通常使用之酸性觸媒。具體而言,可列舉鹽酸、硫酸、磷酸等礦酸類;草酸、甲苯磺酸、乙酸等有機酸類;鎢酸等雜多酸;活性白土、無機酸、氯化錫(IV)、氯化鋅、氯化鐵(III)等其他呈酸性之有機、無機酸鹽類等。此等可以單獨使用1種或組合使用2種以上。
酸性觸媒之使用量相對於1,1’-聯-2-萘酚1莫耳通常為0.005~2.0莫耳,較佳為0.01~1.1莫耳。酸性觸媒量藉由為0.005莫耳以上,可促進反應進行,有能於更低溫進行反應之傾向。又,酸性觸媒量藉由為2.0莫耳以下,有能更抑制之後之中和・精製等後處理之處理成本之傾向。
又,視需要,上述反應也可使用鈍性溶劑。該溶劑不特別限定,例如:甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇等醇系溶劑;甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴系溶劑;甲基異丁酮、丙酮、環戊酮、甲乙酮等酮系溶劑等。此等可使用1種或組合使用2種以上。使用溶劑時,其使用量相對於1,1’-聯-2-萘酚100質量份通常為5~500質量份,較佳為10~400質量份。
上述反應中,反應溫度通常為0~200℃,較佳為40~150℃。又,上述反應中,反應時間通常為1~200小時,較佳為5~150小時。藉由設為如此的反應條件,有更為促進反應進行之傾向。
上述反應中,1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量,於使用對二甲苯甘醇的情形,相對於對二甲苯甘醇1莫耳通常為1.2~20莫耳,較佳為1.5~10莫耳。1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量相對於對二甲苯甘醇1莫耳藉由為1.2莫耳以上,生成之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之軟化點有變得更低之傾向。又,1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量相對於對二甲苯甘醇1莫耳藉由為20莫耳以下,上述通式(2)表示之化合物之生成量會變多,最終獲得之氰酸酯化合物(A)之耐熱性有更提高的傾向。
又,上述反應中,使用1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯時,1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量相對於1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯1莫耳通常為1.2~20莫耳,較佳為1.5~10莫耳。1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量為相對於1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯1莫耳藉由為1.2莫耳以上,生成之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之軟化點有變得更低之傾向。又,1,1’-聯-2-萘酚之使用量相對於1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯1莫耳藉由為20莫耳以下,上述通式(2)表示之化合物之生成量變得更多,最終獲得之氰酸酯化合物(A)之耐熱性有更提高的傾向。
上述反應之具體方法不特別限定,例如:對於對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯與1,1’-聯-2-萘酚(視必要尚有溶劑)之混合物中,加入酸性觸媒並加熱之方法;將1,1’-聯-2-萘酚與酸性觸媒(視必要尚有溶劑)之混合物加熱時,緩慢添加對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯之方法。上述反應可邊攪拌邊進行,也可以於空氣中或鈍性氣體環境(氮、氦氣、氬氣等)中進行,也可以於常壓或加壓下進行。又,反應之進行可以利用高速液體層析(HPLC)、薄層層析(TLC)等確認(或追蹤)。
反應結束後之反應混合物中含有未反應之對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯、未反應之1,1’-聯-2-萘酚、酸性觸媒、副反應產物等。故也可利用慣用方法,例如:中和、水洗、過濾、濃縮、萃取、晶析、再結晶、管柱層析等分離方式、將此等方式組合之分離方式進行分離精製而將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂予以單離。
(氰酸酯化步驟) 氰酸酯化步驟係將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂予以氰酸酯化而獲得有上述通式(1)表示之結構之氰酸酯化合物(A)之步驟。具體而言,係將下列通式(2)表示之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂擁有之羥基予以氰酸酯化而獲得有上述通式(1)表示之結構之氰酸酯化合物(A)之步驟。又,氰酸酯化步驟使用之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂也可以為n不同之化合物之混合物。 【化5】式中,n表示1以上之整數。
氰酸酯化方法無特殊限制,可以適用公知方法。具體而言,使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂與鹵化氰於溶劑中在鹼性化合物存在下反應之方法;在溶劑中,鹼之存在下,使鹵化氰一直處在比起鹼更過剩,而使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂與鹵化氰反應之方法(美國專利3553244號);使用3級胺作為鹼,將其於比起鹵化氰更過剩使用之狀態,於溶劑之存在下,在聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂添加3級胺後,滴加鹵化氰,或一併滴加鹵化氰與3級胺之方法(日本專利3319061號公報);以連續柱塞流方式使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂、三烷胺與鹵化氰反應之方法(日本專利3905559號公報);使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂與鹵化氰於3級胺存在下,在非水溶液中反應,將此時副生之3級鹵化銨,以陽離子及陰離子交換對處理之方法(日本專利4055210號公報);於能和水分液之溶劑之存在下,對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂同時添加3級胺與鹵化氰並反應後水洗分液,從獲得之溶液使用2級或3級醇類或烴之不良溶劑進行沉澱精製之方法(日本專利2991054號公報);又,使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂、鹵化氰、及3級胺於水與有機溶劑之二相系溶劑中,於酸性條件下使其反應之方法(日本專利5026727號公報);依Ian Hamerton,“Chemistry and Technology of Cyanate Ester Resins,”Blackie Academic & Professional記載之方法,將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之羥基予以氰酸酯化之方法等。
以下以使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂與鹵化氰於溶劑中在鹼性化合物存在下反應之方法為例説明。於此情形,使為反應基質之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂預先溶於鹵化氰溶液及鹼性化合物溶液中任一者之後,使鹵化氰溶液與鹼性化合物溶液接觸。
使鹵化氰溶液與鹼性化合物溶液接觸之方法(接觸方法)可列舉:將鹼性化合物溶液加注到已攪拌混合之鹵化氰溶液之方法(A);將鹵化氰溶液加注到已攪拌混合之鹼性化合物溶液之方法(B);將鹵化氰溶液與鹼性化合物溶液連續地交替或同時供給之方法(C)等。方法(A)、方法(B)及方法(C)之中,考量抑制副反應且能以高產率獲得更高純度之氰酸酯化合物之觀點,方法(A)為較佳。
又,鹵化氰溶液與鹼性化合物溶液之接觸方法,可為半批次形式或連續流通形式中之任一者。尤其使用方法(A)時,能不殘留聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂擁有之羥基而使反應結束,且能以高產率獲得更高純度之氰酸酯化合物,故將鹼性化合物分次加注較佳。分次的次數無特殊限制,1~5次為較佳。又,就鹼性化合物之種類而言,每1次可相同也可不同。
本實施形態使用之鹵化氰不特別限定,例如:氯化氰及溴化氰。鹵化氰可使用使氰化氫或金屬氰化物與鹵素反應之方法等公知之製造方法獲得之鹵化氰,也可以使用市售品。又,也可直接使用含有使氰化氫或金屬氰化物與鹵素反應而得之鹵化氰的反應液。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟中,鹵化氰之使用量相對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之羥基1莫耳通常為0.5~5莫耳,較佳為1.0~3.5莫耳。鹵化氰之使用量藉由為上述範圍內,能使未反應之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂減少,氰酸酯化合物之產率有更提高的傾向。
鹵化氰溶液使用之溶劑不特別限定,例如:丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丁酮、環己酮、環戊酮等酮系溶劑;正己烷、環己烷、異辛烷等脂肪族烴系溶劑;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴系溶劑;二乙醚、二甲基賽珞蘇、二甘二甲醚、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、二烷、四乙二醇二甲醚等醚系溶劑;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、氯苯、溴苯等鹵素化烴系溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、甲基賽珞蘇、丙二醇單甲醚等醇系溶劑;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,3-二甲基-2-四氫咪唑酮、二甲基亞碸等非質子性極性溶劑;乙腈、苯甲腈等腈系溶劑;硝基甲烷、硝基苯等硝基系溶劑;乙酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯等酯系溶劑;水溶劑。可此等可配合反應基質而單獨使用1種或組合使用2種以上。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟使用之鹼性化合物可為有機鹼及無機鹼中之任一者,可將此等中之1種單獨使用或組合使用2種以上。
有機鹼不特別限定,例如:三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丁胺、三戊胺、二異丙基乙胺、二乙基-正丁胺、甲基二正丁胺、甲基乙基-正丁胺、十二基二甲胺、三苄胺、三乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二乙基苯胺、二苯基甲胺、吡啶、二乙基環己胺、三環己胺、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]-7-十一烯、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4.3.0]-5-壬烯等3級胺。該等之中,考量以良好產率獲得目的物等之觀點,三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丁胺、二異丙基乙胺較理想、三乙胺更理想。
有機鹼之使用量相對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之羥基1莫耳較佳為0.1~8莫耳,更佳為1.0~3.5莫耳。有機鹼之使用量藉由為上述範圍內,能使未反應之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂減少,氰酸酯化合物之產率有更提高的傾向。
無機鹼不特別限定,例如:鹼金屬之氫氧化物。鹼金屬之氫氧化物不特別限定,例如:工業一般使用之氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化鋰等。其中,從能低廉地取得之觀點,氫氧化鈉尤佳。
無機鹼之使用量相對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之羥基1莫耳較佳為1.0~5.0莫耳,更佳為1.0~3.5莫耳。無機鹼之使用量藉由為上述範圍內,能使未反應之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂減少,氰酸酯化合物之產率有更提高的傾向。
氰酸酯化步驟之反應中,鹼性化合物如上述,能以溶於溶劑之溶液的形式使用。溶劑可使用有機溶劑或水。
聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂溶於鹼性化合物溶液時,鹼性化合物溶液使用之溶劑之使用量相對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂1質量份較佳為0.1~100質量份,更佳為0.5~50質量份。又,聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂不溶於鹼性化合物溶液時,鹼性化合物溶液使用之溶劑之使用量相對於鹼性化合物1質量份較佳為0.1~100質量份,更佳為0.25~50質量份。
使鹼性化合物溶解之有機溶劑,於該鹼性化合物為有機鹼時較理想,例如:丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丁酮等酮系溶劑;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烴系溶劑;二乙醚、二甲基賽珞蘇、二甘二甲醚、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、二烷、四乙二醇二甲醚等醚系溶劑;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、氯苯、溴苯等鹵素化烴系溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、甲基賽珞蘇、丙二醇單甲醚等醇系溶劑;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、1,3-二甲基-2-四氫咪唑酮、二甲基亞碸等非質子性極性溶劑;乙腈、苯甲腈等腈系溶劑;硝基甲烷、硝基苯等硝基系溶劑;乙酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯等酯系溶劑;環己烷等脂肪族烴系溶劑。有機溶劑可配合鹼性化合物、反應基質及反應使用之溶劑適當選擇。此等可單獨使用1種或組合使用2種以上。
使鹼性化合物溶解之水於該鹼性化合物為無機鹼時可理想地使用,不特別限定,可以為自來水也可為蒸餾水也可以為去離子水。考量以良好效率獲得目的之氰酸酯化合物之觀點,少雜質之蒸餾水及去離子水為較佳。
鹼性化合物溶液使用之溶劑為水時,使用觸媒量之有機鹼作為界面活性劑的話,從能更確保充分反應速度之觀點為較理想。其中副反應少之3級胺為較佳。3級胺可為烷胺、芳胺、環烷胺中任一者,具體而言可列舉三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丁胺、三戊胺、二異丙基乙胺、二乙基-正丁胺、甲基二正丁胺、甲基乙基-正丁胺、十二基二甲胺、三苄胺、三乙醇胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N,N-二乙基苯胺、二苯基甲胺、吡啶、二乙基環己胺、三環己胺、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]-7-十一烯、及、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4.3.0]-5-壬烯。該等之中,考量對於水之溶解度之觀點、及更以良好產率獲得目的物之觀點,三甲胺、三乙胺、三正丁胺、及、二異丙基乙胺更佳,三乙胺尤佳。此等可單獨使用1種或將2種以上組合使用。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟使用之溶劑之總量,當相對於聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂1質量份為2.5~100質量份的話,能使聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂更均勻溶解,從能以更良好效率製造氰酸酯化合物之觀點為較理想。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟中,反應液之pH不特別限定,宜保持pH未達7之狀態進行反應較佳。藉由將pH壓低在未達7,能抑制生成醯亞胺碳酸酯及氰酸酯化合物之聚合物等副產物,有能有效率地製造氰酸酯化合物之傾向。為將反應液之pH保持在未達7之狀態,宜採用將酸添加到反應液之方法較佳。在即將氰酸酯化步驟之鹵化氰溶液先添加酸,及在反應中邊以pH計測定適當反應液之pH並於反應系添加酸,以保持未達pH7之狀態更佳。
此時使用之酸,例如:鹽酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸等無機酸;乙酸、乳酸、丙酸等有機酸。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟中,反應溫度於考量醯亞胺碳酸酯、氰酸酯化合物之聚合物、及二烷基氰基醯胺等副生物之生成、反應液之凝結、及使用氯化氰作為鹵化氰時抑制氯化氰之揮發之觀點,較佳為-20~+50℃,更佳為-15~15℃,更佳為-10~10℃。
本實施形態之氰酸酯化步驟中,反應壓力可為常壓也可為加壓。視需要,也可對於反應系內通入氮、氦氣、氬氣等鈍性氣體。
又,反應時間不特別限定,上述方法(A)及方法(B)之情形,加注時間及上述方法(C)之情形之接觸時間較佳為1分鐘~20小時,更佳為3分鐘~10小時。更佳為之後保持10分鐘~10小時反應溫度並攪拌較佳。反應條件藉由為如上述範圍,有能更經濟地更工業化地獲得目的氰酸酯化合物之傾向。
氰酸酯化步驟中,反應之進行度能以液體層析或IR光譜法等分析。又,副生之二氰、二烷基氰基醯胺等揮發成分能以氣體層析分析。
反應結束後藉由通常之後處理操作、及視所需進行分離・精製操作,能將目的之氰酸酯化合物予以單離。具體而言,從反應液分取含有氰酸酯化合物之有機溶劑相,水洗後、濃縮、沉澱化或晶析、或水洗後、溶劑取代即可。洗滌時,為了去除過剩胺類,也可採用使用稀鹽酸等酸性水溶液之方法。為了從已充分洗滌之反應液將水分除去,可以利用使用硫酸鈉、硫酸鎂等之一般方法進行乾燥。濃縮及溶劑取代時,為了抑制氰酸酯化合物聚合,係於減壓下加熱到90℃以下之溫度並將有機溶劑餾去。沉澱化或晶析時,能使用溶解度低之溶劑。例如可採用將醚系溶劑、己烷等烴系溶劑或醇系溶劑滴加到反應溶液、或逆加注之方法。為了將獲得之粗產物洗滌,可採用以醚系溶劑、己烷等烴系溶劑、或醇系溶劑洗滌反應液之濃縮物、已沉澱之結晶之方法。也可將反應溶液濃縮而得之結晶再度溶解後,使其再結晶。又,晶析可藉由將反應液單純濃縮或冷卻而進行。
獲得之氰酸酯化合物可利用NMR等公知方法鑑定。氰酸酯化合物之純度可利用液體層析或IR光譜法等分析。氰酸酯化合物中之二烷基氰基醯胺等副生物、殘存溶劑等揮發成分可利用氣體層析定量分析。氰酸酯化合物中殘存之鹵素化合物可利用液體層析質量分析計鑑定,又,可利用使用硝酸銀溶液之電位差滴定或燃燒法所為之分解後離子層析進行定量分析。氰酸酯化合物之聚合反應性可利用熱板法或轉矩計測法所測得之凝膠化時間評價。
[樹脂組成物] 本實施形態之樹脂組成物含有上述氰酸酯化合物(A),且視需要也可以含有氰酸酯化合物(A)以外之氰酸酯化合物(B)、馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)、苯酚樹脂(D)、環氧樹脂(E)、氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)、苯并 化合物(G)、及/或具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)等。又,本實施形態之樹脂組成物視需要也可更含有聚合觸媒、填充材(I)、溶劑、及其他成分。以下針對各成分説明。
(氰酸酯化合物(A)) 藉由使用氰酸酯化合物(A),可獲得能給予吸水性低、吸濕耐熱性及耐熱性優異之硬化物之樹脂組成物。
氰酸酯化合物(A)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為1~90質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為25~65質量份。氰酸酯化合物(A)之含量藉由為上述範圍內,獲得之硬化物之吸水性有更低、吸濕耐熱性及耐熱性有更提高的傾向。在此,「樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分」,若無特別指明,係指排除後述溶劑及填充材之成分,樹脂固體成分100質量份係指樹脂組成物中之不含溶劑及填充材之成分合計為100質量份。
(氰酸酯化合物(B)) 氰酸酯化合物(B)只要是氰酸酯化合物(A)以外之化合物即可,不特別限定,宜為在分子內具有至少1個氫原子取代為氰氧基之芳香族基的化合物較佳。如此的氰酸酯化合物(B)不特別限定,例如:下列通式(3)表示之氰氧基取代芳香族化合物。 【化6】式中,Ar1
各自獨立地表示也可以有取代基之伸苯基、也可以有取代基之伸萘基、或也可以有取代基之聯伸苯基,Ra各自獨立地表示氫原子、也可以有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、也可以有取代基之碳數6~12之芳基、也可以有取代基之碳數1~4之烷氧基、碳數1~6之烷基與碳數6~12之芳基鍵結而得之也可以有取代基之芳烷基、或碳數1~6之烷基與碳數6~12之芳基鍵結而得之也可以有取代基之烷基芳基,Ar1
及Ra之取代基可選擇任意位置,p代表在Ar1
鍵結之氰氧基之數目,各自獨立地為1~3之整數,q代表在Ar1
鍵結之Ra之數目,於Ar1
為伸苯基時為4-p,於為伸萘基時為6-p,於為聯伸苯基時為8-p,t代表平均重複數,為0~50之整數,也可為t不同之化合物之混合物,X各自獨立地表示單鍵、碳數1~50之2價有機基(氫原子也可取代為雜原子)、氮數1~10之2價有機基(例如-N-R-N-(在此,R代表有機基))、羰基(-CO-)、羧基(-C(=O)O-)、二氧化羰基(-OC(=O)O-)、磺醯基(-SO2
-)、或2價硫原子或2價氧原子中之任一者。)
通式(3)之Ar1
中,伸苯基、伸萘基、或聯伸苯基中之任意氫原子也可取代為氟原子、氯原子等鹵素原子;甲氧基、苯氧基等烷氧基;氰氧基等。
通式(3)之Ra中,碳數1~6之烷基也可具有直鏈或分枝之鏈狀結構、及環狀結構(例如環烷基等)中任一者。如此的烷基不特別限定,例如:甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、1-乙基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、環戊基、己基、環己基等。又,通式(3)之烷基中之任意氫原子也可取代為氟原子、氯原子等鹵素原子;甲氧基、苯氧基等烷氧基;氰氧基等。具取代基之碳數1~6之烷基不特別限定,例如:三氟甲基。
通式(3)之Ra之碳數6~12之芳基不特別限定,例如:苯基、二甲苯基、均三甲苯基、苯氧基苯基、乙基苯基、鄰,間或對氟苯基、二氯苯基、二氰基苯基、三氟苯基、甲氧基苯基、鄰,間或對甲苯基等。又,烷氧基可列舉甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第三丁氧基等。通式(3)之芳基中之任意氫原子也可取代為氟、氯等鹵素原子;甲氧基、苯氧基等烷氧基;氰氧基;羥基等。具有取代基之碳數6~12之芳基不特別限定,例如:有至少1個苯酚性羥基之芳基。
上述通式(3)之Ra之碳數1~4之烷氧基也可以有鏈狀結構、分支狀結構、或環狀結構。如此的烷氧基不特別限定,例如:甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、及第三丁氧基等。上述通式(3)之烷氧基中之任意氫原子也可取代為氟、氯等鹵素原子;甲氧基、苯氧基等烷氧基;氰氧基等。
通式(3)之X之碳數1~50之2價有機基不特別限定,例如:亞甲基、伸乙基、三亞甲基、伸丙基等伸烷基;環伸戊基、環伸己基、三甲基環伸己基等環伸烷基;聯苯基亞甲基、二甲基亞甲基-伸苯基-二甲基亞甲基、茀二基、及酞內酯二基等有芳香環之2價有機基。2價有機基中之氫原子也可以取代為雜原子。雜原子不特別限定,例如:氟原子、氯原子等鹵素原子。又,碳數1~50之2價有機基中之氫原子也可以取代為甲氧基、苯氧基等烷氧基、氰氧基等。
通式(3)之X之氮數1~10之2價有機基不特別限定,例如:-N-R-N-表示之基、亞胺基、聚醯亞胺基等。
又,通式(3)中之X宜為選自於由下列通式(4)表示之2價有機基、或下列通式(5)表示之2價有機基、及下列通式(6a)、(6b)、(6c)、(6d)、(6e)、(6f)、(6g)、(6h)、(6i)、及(6j)表示之2價基構成之群組中之2價連結基較佳。 【化7】式中,Ar2
各自獨立地表示也可以有取代基之伸苯基、也可以有取代基之伸萘基、或也可以有取代基之聯伸苯基,Rb、Rc、Rf、及Rg各自獨立地表示氫原子、也可以有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、也可以有取代基之碳數6~12之芳基,Rd及Re各自獨立地表示氫原子、也可以有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、也可以有取代基之碳數6~12之芳基、也可以有取代基之碳數1~4之烷氧基、或羥基中之任一者,u表示0~5之整數。 【化8】式中,Ar3
各自獨立地表示也可以有取代基之伸苯基、也可以有取代基之伸萘基、或也可以有取代基之聯伸苯基,Ri及Rj各自獨立地表示氫原子、也可以有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基、也可以有取代基之碳數6~12之芳基、苄基、也可以有取代基之碳數1~4之烷氧基、羥基、三氟甲基、或氰氧基有至少1個取代之芳基中之任一者,v表示0~5之整數,也可為v不同之化合物之混合物。 【化9】式中,m表示4~7之整數。R各自獨立地表示氫原子或也可以有取代基之碳數1~6之烷基中之任一者。
通式(4)之Ar2
及通式(5)之Ar3
不特別限定,例如:1,4-伸苯基、1,3-伸苯基、4,4’-聯伸苯基、2,4’-聯伸苯基、2,2’-聯伸苯基、2,3’-聯伸苯基、3,3’-聯伸苯基、3,4’-聯伸苯基、2,6-伸萘基、1,5-伸萘基、1,6-伸萘基、1,8-伸萘基、1,3-伸萘基、1,4-伸萘基、2,7-伸萘基等。
通式(4)之Rb、Rc、Rf、及Rg及通式(5)之Ri及Rj之烷基及芳基可列舉和通式(3)者為同樣者。
通式(3)表示之氰氧基取代芳香族化合物之具體例不特別限定,例如:氰氧基苯、1-氰氧基-2-、1-氰氧基-3-、或1-氰氧基-4-甲基苯、1-氰氧基-2-、1-氰氧基-3-、或1-氰氧基-4-甲氧基苯、1-氰氧基-2,3-、1-氰氧基-2,4-、1-氰氧基-2,5-、1-氰氧基-2,6-、1-氰氧基-3,4-或1-氰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯、氰氧基乙基苯、氰氧基丁基苯、氰氧基辛基苯、氰氧基壬基苯、2-(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-苯基丙烷(4-α-異丙苯基苯酚之氰酸酯)、1-氰氧基-4-環己基苯、1-氰氧基-4-乙烯基苯、1-氰氧基-2-或1-氰氧基-3-氯苯、1-氰氧基-2,6-二氯苯、1-氰氧基-2-甲基-3-氯苯、氰氧基硝基苯、1-氰氧基-4-硝基-2-乙基苯、1-氰氧基-2-甲氧基-4-烯丙基苯(丁香酚之氰酸酯)、甲基(4-氰氧基苯基)硫醚、1-氰氧基-3-三氟甲基苯、4-氰氧基聯苯、1-氰氧基-2-或1-氰氧基-4-乙醯基苯、4-氰氧基苯甲醛、4-氰氧基苯甲酸甲酯、4-氰氧基苯甲酸苯酯、1-氰氧基-4-乙醯胺基苯、4-氰氧基二苯酮、1-氰氧基-2,6-二-第三丁基苯、1,2-二氰氧基苯、1,3-二氰氧基苯、1,4-二氰氧基苯、1,4-二氰氧基-2-第三丁基苯、1,4-二氰氧基-2,4-二甲基苯、1,4-二氰氧基-2,3,4-三甲基苯、1,3-二氰氧基-252,4,6-三甲基苯、1,3-二氰氧基-5-甲基苯、1-氰氧基或2-氰氧基萘、1-氰氧基4-甲氧基萘、2-氰氧基-6-甲基萘、2-氰氧基-7-甲氧基萘、2,2’-二氰氧基-1,1’-聯萘基、1,3-、1,4-、1,5-、1,6-、1,7-、2,3-、2,6-或2,7-二氰氧基萘、2,2’-或4,4’-二氰氧基聯苯、4,4’-二氰氧基八氟聯苯、2,4’-或4,4’-二氰氧基二苯基甲烷、雙(4-氰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)甲烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)乙烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(2-氰氧基-5-聯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)六氟丙烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)異丁烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)戊烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-甲基丁烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基丙烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丁烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)戊烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)己烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-4-甲基戊烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-3,3-二甲基丁烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)己烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)庚烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)辛烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-甲基戊烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-甲基己烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基戊烷、4,4-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-3-甲基庚烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-甲基庚烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,2-二甲基己烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,4-二甲基己烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,2,4-三甲基戊烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)苯基甲烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)聯苯甲烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)環戊烷、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基-3-異丙基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(3-環己基-4-氰氧基苯基)環己烷、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)二苯基甲烷、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2,2-二氯乙烯、1,3-雙[2-(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-丙基]苯、1,4-雙[2-(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-丙基]苯、1,1-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基環己烷、4-[雙(4-氰氧基苯基)甲基]聯苯、4,4-二氰氧基二苯酮、1,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)醚、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)硫醚、雙(4-氰氧基苯基)碸、4-氰氧基苯甲酸-4-氰氧基苯酯(4-氰氧基苯基-4-氰氧基苯甲酸酯)、雙-(4-氰氧基苯基)碳酸酯、1,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)金剛烷、1,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)-5,7-二甲基金剛烷、1,3-雙(3-甲基-4-氰氧基苯基)-5,7-二甲基金剛烷、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮(酚酞之氰酸酯)、3,3-雙(4-氰氧基-3-甲基苯基)異苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮(鄰甲酚酚酞之氰酸酯)、9,9’-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)茀、9,9-雙(4-氰氧基-3-甲基苯基)茀、9,9-雙(2-氰氧基-5-聯苯基)茀、參(4-氰氧基苯基)甲烷、1,1,1-參(4-氰氧基苯基)乙烷、1,1,3-參(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷、α,α,α’-參(4-氰氧基苯基)-1-乙基-4-異丙基苯、1,1,2,2-肆(4-氰氧基苯基)乙烷、肆(4-氰氧基苯基)甲烷、2,4,6-參(N-甲基-4-氰氧基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三、2,4-雙(N-甲基-4-氰氧基苯胺基)-6-(N-甲基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三、雙(N-4-氰氧基-2-甲基苯基)-4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、雙(N-3-氰氧基-4-甲基苯基)-4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、雙(N-4-氰氧基苯基)-4,4’-氧基二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、雙(N-4-氰氧基-2-甲基苯基)-4,4’-(六氟異亞丙基)二鄰苯二甲醯亞胺、參(3,5-二甲基-4-氰氧基苄基)異氰尿酸酯、2-苯基-3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)苄甲內醯胺、2-(4-甲基苯基)-3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)苄甲內醯胺、2-苯基-3,3-雙(4-氰氧基-3-甲基苯基)苄甲內醯胺、1-甲基-3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)吲哚酮-2-酮、2-苯基-3,3-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)吲哚酮-2-酮、苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯、甲酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯、參苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯、茀酚醛清漆型氰酸酯、苯酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、甲酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、萘酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、聯苯芳烷基型氰酸酯、苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛型氰酸酯、改性萘甲醛型氰酸酯、苯酚改性二環戊二烯型氰酸酯、有聚伸萘基醚結構之苯酚型氰酸酯。該等其他之氰酸酯化合物可使用1種或混用2種以上。
上述苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯及甲酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯可列舉依公知方法,將使苯酚、烷基取代苯酚或鹵素取代苯酚與福馬林、聚甲醛等甲醛化合物在酸性溶液中反應而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化者。
上述參苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯可列舉將使羥基苯甲醛與苯酚於酸性觸媒之存在下反應而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化者。
上述茀酚醛清漆型氰酸酯可列舉將使茀酮化合物與9,9-雙(羥基芳基)茀類於酸性觸媒之存在下反應而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化者。
上述苯酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、甲酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、萘酚芳烷基型氰酸酯、及聯苯芳烷基型氰酸酯可列舉將依公知方法使如Ar2
-(CH2
Y)2
表示之雙鹵甲基化合物與苯酚化合物於酸性觸媒或無觸媒反應而得之樹脂、使如Ar2
-(CH2
OR)2
表示之之雙(烷氧基甲基)化合物、Ar2
-(CH2
OH)2
表示之雙(羥基甲基)化合物與苯酚化合物於酸性觸媒之存在下反應而得之樹脂、或使芳香族醛化合物、芳烷基化合物、苯酚化合物縮聚而得之樹脂,予以氰酸酯化而得者。
上述苯酚改性二甲苯甲醛型氰酸酯可列舉將依公知方法使二甲苯甲醛樹脂與苯酚化合物於酸性觸媒之存在下反應而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化而得者。
上述改性萘甲醛型氰酸酯可列舉使依公知方法將萘甲醛樹脂與羥基取代芳香族化合物於酸性觸媒之存在下反應而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化者。
上述有聚伸萘基醚結構之苯酚型氰酸酯可列舉將依公知方法使在1分子中有2個以上之苯酚性羥基之多元羥基萘化合物於鹼性觸媒之存在下脱水縮合而得之樹脂予以氰酸酯化者。
上述氰酸酯化合物(B)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為25~65質量份。
(馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)) 馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)只要是在1分子中有1個以上之馬來醯亞胺基之化合物即可,可使用一般公知者。馬來醯亞胺化合物不特別限定,例如:鄰伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、間伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、對伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、鄰伸苯基雙檸康醯亞胺、間伸苯基雙檸康醯亞胺、對伸苯基雙檸康醯亞胺、4,4’-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、雙(3,5-二甲基-4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、雙(3-乙基-5-甲基-4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、雙(3,5-二乙基-4-馬來醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、2,2’-雙[4-(4-馬來醯亞胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、4-甲基-1,3-伸苯基雙馬來醯亞胺、1,6’-雙馬來醯亞胺-(2,2,4-三甲基)己烷、4,4-二苯醚雙馬來醯亞胺、4,4-二苯基碸雙馬來醯亞胺、1,3-雙(3-馬來醯亞胺苯氧基)苯、1,3-雙(4-馬來醯亞胺苯氧基)苯、4,4’-二苯基甲烷雙檸康醯亞胺、2,2’-雙[4-(4-檸康醯亞胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、雙(3,5-二甲基-4-檸康醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、雙(3-乙基-5-甲基-4-檸康醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、雙(3,5-二乙基-4-檸康醯亞胺苯基)甲烷、4,4-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、3,3-二甲基-5,5-二乙基-4,4-二苯基甲烷雙馬來醯亞胺、1,6-雙馬來醯亞胺-(2,2,4-三甲基)己烷、2,2-雙[4-(4-檸康醯亞胺苯氧基)苯基]丙烷、苯基甲烷馬來醯亞胺、聚苯基甲烷馬來醯亞胺、及此等馬來醯亞胺化合物之預聚物、或上述馬來醯亞胺化合物與胺化合物之預聚物等。該等馬來醯亞胺化合物可使用1種或混用2種以上。
馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,更佳為20~70質量份,又更佳為30~60質量份。
(苯酚樹脂(D)) 苯酚樹脂(D)宜使用在1分子中有2個以上之羥基之苯酚樹脂較理想,可使用一般公知者。苯酚樹脂不特別限定,例如:雙酚A型苯酚樹脂、雙酚E型苯酚樹脂、雙酚F型苯酚樹脂、雙酚S型苯酚樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆樹脂、雙酚A酚醛清漆型苯酚樹脂、環氧丙酯型苯酚樹脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型苯酚樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型苯酚樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型苯酚樹脂、多官能苯酚樹脂、萘酚樹脂、萘酚酚醛清漆樹脂、多官能萘酚樹脂、蒽型苯酚樹脂、萘骨架改性酚醛清漆型苯酚樹脂、苯酚芳烷基型苯酚樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型苯酚樹脂、二環戊二烯型苯酚樹脂、聯苯型苯酚樹脂、脂環族苯酚樹脂、多元醇型苯酚樹脂、含磷之苯酚樹脂、含聚合性不飽和烴基之苯酚樹脂、及含羥基之矽酮樹脂類。該等苯酚樹脂可單獨使用1種或組合使用2種以上。
苯酚樹脂(D)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為30~60質量份。
(環氧樹脂(E)) 環氧樹脂(E)只要是在1分子中有2個以上之環氧基之化合物即可,可使用一般公知者。環氧樹脂例如:雙酚A型環氧樹脂、雙酚E型環氧樹脂、雙酚F型環氧樹脂、雙酚S型環氧樹脂、雙酚A酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯型環氧樹脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、二甲苯酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂、伸萘基醚型環氧樹脂、蒽型環氧樹脂、3官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、4官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、萘骨架改性酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、三環氧丙基異氰尿酸酯、環氧丙酯型環氧樹脂、脂環族環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、聯苯酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、苯酚芳烷基酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、芳烷基酚醛清漆型環氧樹脂、苯酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、萘酚芳烷基型環氧樹脂、二環戊二烯型環氧樹脂、多元醇型環氧樹脂、含磷之環氧樹脂、環氧丙胺型環氧樹脂、將丁二烯等的雙鍵予以環氧化而得之化合物、由含羥基之矽酮樹脂類與表氯醇之反應獲得之化合物、或該等之鹵化物。該等環氧樹脂可使用1種或混用2種以上。該等環氧樹脂可單獨使用1種或將2種以上適當組合使用。
該等之中,宜為選自於由聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、伸萘基醚型環氧樹脂、多官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂構成之群組中之1種以上較佳。藉由使用如此的環氧樹脂(E),阻燃性及耐熱性有更提高的傾向。
環氧樹脂(E)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為25~65質量份。環氧樹脂(E)之含量藉由為上述範圍內,獲得之硬化物之吸水性有更低,吸濕耐熱性及耐熱性有更提高的傾向。
(氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)) 氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)可使用一般公知者。氧雜環丁烷樹脂不特別限定,例如:氧雜環丁烷、2-甲基氧雜環丁烷、2,2-二甲基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基氧雜環丁烷、3,3-二甲基氧雜環丁烷等烷基氧雜環丁烷、3-甲基-3-甲氧基甲基氧雜環丁烷、3,3’-二(三氟甲基)全氟氧雜環丁烷、2-氯甲基氧雜環丁烷、聯苯型氧雜環丁烷、及3,3-雙(氯甲基)氧雜環丁烷,此外市售品例如OXT-101(東亞合成製商品名)及OXT-121(東亞合成製商品名)。該等氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)可使用1種或混用2種以上。
氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~8330質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為30~60質量份。
(苯并 化合物(G)) 苯并 化合物(G)宜為在1分子中有2個以上之二氫苯并 環之化合物較理想,可使用一般公知者。苯并 化合物不特別限定,例如:雙酚A型苯并 BA-BXZ(小西化學製商品名)雙酚F型苯并 BF-BXZ(小西化學製商品名)、雙酚S型苯并 BS-BXZ(小西化學製商品名)、酚酞型苯并 。該等苯并 化合物(G)可使用1種或混用2種以上。
苯并 化合物(G)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為30~60質量份。
(具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)) 具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)可使用一般公知者。具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物,例如:乙烯、丙烯、苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯、二乙烯基聯苯等乙烯基化合物; (甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、 (甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基乙酯、 (甲基)丙烯酸2-羥基丙酯、聚丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等1元或多元醇之(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;雙酚A型環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯、雙酚F型環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯等環氧(甲基)丙烯酸酯類;苯并環丁烯樹脂等。該等具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物可使用1種或混用2種以上。又,上述「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」係包括丙烯酸酯及和其對應之甲基丙烯酸酯之概念。
具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)之含量相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為10~99質量份,更佳為10~80質量份,又更佳為20~70質量份,更佳為30~60質量份。
(聚合觸媒) 本實施形態之樹脂組成物視需要也可以含有作用為氰酸酯化合物(A)、氰酸酯化合物(B)、馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)、苯酚樹脂(D)、環氧樹脂(E)、氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)、苯并 化合物(G)、具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)之聚合觸媒之化合物。
聚合觸媒不特別限定,例如:辛酸鋅、環烷酸鋅、環烷酸鈷、環烷酸銅、乙醯基丙酮鐵、辛酸鎳、辛酸錳等金屬鹽;苯酚、二甲酚、甲酚、間苯二酚(resorcin)、兒茶酚、辛基苯酚、壬基苯酚等苯酚化合物;1-丁醇、2-乙基己醇等醇類;2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰基乙基-2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4,5-二羥基甲基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基-5-羥基甲基咪唑等咪唑類及該等咪唑類之羧酸或其酸酐類之加成體等衍生物;二氰二醯胺、苄基二甲胺、4-甲基-N,N-二甲基苄胺等胺化合物;膦系化合物、氧化膦系化合物、鏻系化合物、二膦(diphosphine)系化合物等磷化合物;環氧-咪唑加合物系化合物;過氧化苯甲醯、過氧化對氯苯甲醯、二第三丁基過氧化物、二異丙基過氧化碳酸酯、過氧化碳酸二-2-乙基己酯等過氧化物;或偶氮雙異丁腈等偶氮化合物等。此等聚合觸媒也可使用市售品,市售品例如:Ajicure PN-23(Ajinomoto Finetechno公司製商品名)、Novacure HX-3721(旭化成公司製商品名)、Fujicure FX-1000(富士化成工業公司製商品名)等。該等聚合觸媒可使用1種或混用2種以上。
聚合觸媒之含量可考慮樹脂之硬化度、樹脂組成物之黏度等而適當調整,不特別限定,相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為0.005~10質量份。
(填充材(I)) 本實施形態之樹脂組成物中視需要也可以含有填充材(I)。
無機系填充材不特別限定,例如:滑石、煅燒滑石、黏土、煅燒黏土、未煅燒黏土、高嶺土、煅燒高嶺土、雲母、E玻璃、A玻璃、NE玻璃、C玻璃、L玻璃、D玻璃、S玻璃、M玻璃G20、玻璃短纖維(包括E玻璃、T玻璃、D玻璃、S玻璃、Q玻璃等玻璃微粉末類。)、中空玻璃、球狀玻璃;二氧化矽、天然二氧化矽、熔融二氧化矽、合成二氧化矽、非晶二氧化矽、Aerosil、中空二氧化矽、白碳等矽酸鹽;氧化鈦、氧化鋁、三水鋁石(gibbsite)、軟水鋁石、氧化鋅、氧化鎂、氧化鋯等氧化物;碳酸鈣、碳酸鎂、水滑石等碳酸鹽;氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鋁加熱處理品(將氫氧化鋁加熱處理並去除了一部分結晶水者)、氫氧化鎂、氫氧化鈣等氫氧化物;硫酸鋇、硫酸鈣、亞硫酸鈣等硫酸鹽或亞硫酸鹽;硼酸鋅、偏硼酸鋇、硼酸鋁、硼酸鈣、硼酸鈉等硼酸鹽;氮化鋁、氮化硼、凝聚氮化硼、氮化矽、氮化碳等氮化物;碳化矽等碳化物;鈦酸鍶、鈦酸鋇等鈦酸鹽;氧化鉬、鉬酸鋅等鉬化合物;錫酸鋅等。
有機系填充材不特別限定,例如:苯乙烯型、丁二烯型、丙烯酸基型等橡膠粉、核殼型橡膠粉、矽酮橡膠粉、矽酮複合粉、矽酮樹脂粉等。
該等填充材(I)可單獨使用1種或混用2種以上。此等可將形狀(球狀或破碎型)、或大小不同者予以混合並增加填充量後使用。
填充材(I)也可預先經表面處理。處理劑不特別限定,例如:含官能基之矽烷類、環狀寡聚矽氧烷類、有機鹵矽烷類、及烷基矽氮烷類。含官能基之矽烷類不特別限定,例如:γ-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-β-(胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷等胺基矽烷系化合物;γ-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、β-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷等環氧矽烷系化合物;γ-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基-三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷等乙烯基矽烷系化合物;N-β-(N-乙烯基苄胺基乙基)-γ-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷鹽酸鹽等陽離子矽烷系化合物;苯基矽烷系化合物。該等之中,使用有機鹵矽烷類及烷基矽氮烷類進行球狀二氧化矽之表面處理的話,適合將二氧化矽表面予以疏水化,考量樹脂組成物中之球狀二氧化矽之分散性優異之觀點,亦為理想。處理劑可單獨使用1種或將2種以上適當組合使用。
填充材(I)之含量宜相對於樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份較佳為50~1600質量份,更佳為50~1200質量份,又更佳為50~900質量份,更佳為50~500質量份,又更佳為50~300質量份。填充材(I)之含量藉由為上述範圍內,耐熱性、熱膨脹率有更提高的傾向。
(溶劑) 本實施形態之樹脂組成物視需要也可以含有溶劑。於此情形,本實施形態之樹脂組成物可以上述各成分之至少一部分,較佳為全部溶於或和有機溶劑相溶之態樣(溶液或清漆)的形式使用。溶劑只要是上述各成分之至少一部分,較佳為全部可溶解或相溶者即可,不特別限定,例如:丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基異丁酮、環己酮等酮系溶劑;丙二醇單甲醚、丙二醇單甲醚乙酸酯等賽珞蘇系溶劑;乳酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸異戊酯、乳酸乙酯、甲氧基丙酸甲酯、羥基異丁酸甲酯等酯系溶劑;甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、1-乙氧基-2-丙醇等醇系溶劑;二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基甲醯胺等醯胺類;甲苯、二甲苯、苯甲醚等芳香族系烴等。該等溶劑可單獨使用1種或混用2種以上。
(其他成分) 又,本實施形態之樹脂組成物視需要也可以含有其他熱硬化性樹脂、熱塑性樹脂、阻燃性化合物、硬化觸媒、硬化促進劑、著色顏料、消泡劑、表面調整劑、阻燃劑、紫外線吸收劑、抗氧化劑、光聚合起始劑、螢光增白劑、光增感劑、染料、顏料、增黏劑、潤滑劑、流動調整劑、分散劑、塗平劑、光沢劑、聚合抑制劑等公知添加劑。又,也可因應必要含有溶劑。此等添加劑只要是一般使用者即可,無特殊限定。例如:阻燃性化合物可列舉4,4-二溴聯苯等溴化合物、磷酸酯、磷酸三聚氰胺、含磷之環氧樹脂、三聚氰胺、苯胍胺等氮化合物、含 環之化合物、矽酮系化合物等。此等任意添加劑可使用1種或混用2種以上。
[樹脂組成物之製造方法] 本實施形態之樹脂組成物可藉由將上述各成分以公知方式混合而製造。混合方法不特別限定,例如:高速混合機、圓錐(Nauta)混合機、帶型混摻機、捏合機、強力混合機、萬能混合機、溶解器、靜態混合機等。混合の時,氰酸酯化合物(A)、其他成分、溶劑之添加方法無特殊限制。
本實施形態之樹脂組成物可利用熱、光等使其硬化而成為硬化物。硬化物可藉由例如使樹脂組成物溶於熔融或溶劑後流入模具內,以通常條件使其硬化而得。熱硬化之情形,考量使硬化更為進行且更抑制硬化物劣化之觀點,硬化溫度為120℃~300℃之範圍內較佳。
[用途] 本實施形態之樹脂組成物可使用於該樹脂組成物之硬化物、含前述樹脂組成物之預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑的各種用途。例如:可以在電氣・電子材料、工作機械材料、航空材料等各種用途中,作為電絕緣材料、印刷電路板之絕緣層、半導體包裝用材料、密封材料、黏著劑、疊層材料、阻劑、堆疊疊層板材料等廣泛且有效利用,尤其可有效地作為近年之資訊終端設備、通信設備等因應高整合・高密度化之印刷電路板材料。又,本發明之疊層板及覆金屬箔疊層板等不只有低吸水性且尚有吸濕耐熱性、耐熱性優良的性能,故其工業實用性極高。以下針對此等各用途説明。
(硬化物) 本實施形態之硬化物係使上述樹脂組成物硬化而成。硬化方法不特別限定,例如:加熱等。
(預浸體) 本實施形態之預浸體含有基材以及含浸或塗佈於該基材之上述樹脂組成物。預浸體可藉由將上述樹脂組成物含浸或塗佈於無機纖維基材及/或有機纖維基材,進一步視需要乾燥以製造。基材可以因應對於預浸體要求之性能,例如:強度、吸水率及熱膨脹係數等而適當選用公知者。如此的預浸體適合作為結構材料。
構成基材之無機纖維不特別限定,例如:E玻璃、C玻璃、A玻璃、S玻璃、L玻璃、D玻璃、Q玻璃、UN玻璃、NE玻璃、T玻璃、及H玻璃、球狀玻璃等玻璃纖維;石英等玻璃以外之無機纖維。
作為構成基材之有機纖維不特別限定,例如:聚醯胺樹脂纖維、芳香族聚醯胺樹脂纖維及全芳香族聚醯胺樹脂纖維等聚醯胺系樹脂纖維、聚酯樹脂纖維、芳香族聚酯樹脂纖維及全芳香族聚酯樹脂纖維等聚酯系樹脂纖維、聚醯亞胺樹脂纖維、氟樹脂纖維等合成纖維;牛皮紙、棉紙、短棉絨與牛皮紙漿之混抄紙等作為主成分之紙等。
基材形狀不特別限定,例如:織布、不織布、粗紗、切股氈、表面氈等。基材可單獨使用1種或適當組合使用2種以上。又,基材厚度不特別限定,若為疊層板用途,0.01~0.2mm之範圍較理想,尤其已施加超開纖處理、孔目堵塞處理之織布從尺寸安定性之觀點較理想。再者,經環氧矽烷處理、胺基矽烷處理等以矽烷偶聯劑等表面處理之玻璃織布,考量吸濕耐熱性之觀點為較理想。又,液晶聚酯織布從電特性之方面較理想。
製造預浸體之方法只要是將本實施形態之樹脂組成物與基材組合而製造預浸體之一般公知方法即可,無特殊限制。例如:可採用使用上述樹脂組成物製備樹脂清漆,將基材浸於樹脂清漆之方法;利用各種塗佈器在基材塗佈樹脂清漆之方法;以噴塗機吹送之方法等而製成預浸體。該等之中,採用將基材浸於樹脂清漆之方法較佳。藉此,能使樹脂組成物對於基材之含浸性改善。又,基材浸於樹脂清漆時,可使用通常之含浸塗佈設備。例如可採用將樹脂組成物清漆含浸或塗佈於無機纖維基材及/或有機纖維基材後,於120~220℃乾燥約2~15分鐘的方法進行B階段化(半硬化)而製造預浸體之方法。此時樹脂組成物對基材之附著量,亦即樹脂組成物量(包括填充材(C))相對於半硬化後之預浸體之總量宜為20~99質量%之範圍較佳。
(覆金屬箔疊層板) 本實施形態之覆金屬箔疊層板具有至少1片以上之經疊層之上述預浸體,及配置在該預浸體之單面或兩面之金屬箔。本實施形態之覆金屬箔疊層板適合作為印刷電路板。如此的覆金屬箔疊層板,可藉由重疊1或多片預浸體,在其單面或兩面配置銅、鋁等金屬箔並進行疊層成形而製作。在此使用之金屬箔只要是印刷電路板材料使用者即可,不特別限定,宜為壓延銅箔、電解銅箔等銅箔為較佳。又,金屬箔之厚度較佳為2~70μm,更佳為3~35μm。成形條件可採用通常之印刷電路板用疊層板及多層板之方法。例如可藉由使用多段壓製機、多段真空壓製機、連續成形機、高壓釜成形機等,以溫度180~350℃、加熱時間100~300分鐘、面壓20~100kg/cm2
的條件進行疊層成形而製作覆金屬箔疊層板。
又,也可藉由將上述預浸體與另外製作之內層用配線板組合並進行疊層成形而製成多層板。多層板之製造方法,例如:在1片上述預浸體之兩面配置35μm之銅箔,以上述條件進行疊層形成後形成內層電路,對此電路實施黑化處理並形成內層電路板,之後將此內層電路板與上述預浸體交替地各配置1片,再於最外層配置銅箔,以上述條件,較佳為在真空下進行疊層成形,而製成多層板。
(印刷電路板) 本實施形態之印刷電路板具有包括上述樹脂組成物之絕緣層及配置在該絕緣層表面之導體層。以下揭示印刷電路板之製造方法之一例。首先,準備上述覆金屬箔疊層板。然後,對於覆金屬箔疊層板之表面施加蝕刻處理而形成內層電路,製成內層基板。對於此內層基板之內層電路表面視需要進行為了提高黏著強度之表面處理,然後在此內層電路表面重疊所須片數之上述預浸體,再於其外側疊層外層電路用金屬箔,加熱加壓並一體成形。以此方式,製得在內層電路與外層電路用金屬箔之間形成了基材及由熱樹脂組成物之硬化物構成之絕緣層的多層疊層板。然後,對於此多層疊層板施加貫通孔(through hole)、介層孔(via hole)用之開孔加工後,在此孔之壁面形成使內層電路與外層電路用金屬箔導通之鍍敷金屬皮膜,再對於外層電路用之金屬箔施以蝕刻處理而形成外層電路,藉此製造印刷電路板。
以上述方法獲得之印刷電路板具有絕緣層以及在此絕緣層之表面形成之導體層,絕緣層成為含有上述本實施形態之樹脂組成物之組成。亦即,上述本實施形態之預浸體(基材及含浸或塗佈於此基材之本實施形態之樹脂組成物)、上述本實施形態之覆金屬箔疊層板之樹脂組成物之層(由本發明之樹脂組成物構成之層),成為由含有本實施形態之樹脂組成物之絕緣層構成。
(樹脂片) 本實施形態之樹脂片具有支持體及在該支持體之表面配置之含上述樹脂組成物之層。樹脂片適合作為堆疊用薄膜或乾薄膜阻焊劑。如此的樹脂片可藉由將使樹脂組成物溶於溶劑而得之溶液塗佈在支持體並乾燥而得。
支持體不特別限定,例如:聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物薄膜、及在該等薄膜之表面塗佈了脫模劑之脫模薄膜、聚醯亞胺薄膜等有機系薄膜基材;銅箔、鋁箔等導體箔、玻璃板、SUS板、FRP等板狀無機系薄膜基材。
塗佈方法,例如:將使上述樹脂組成物溶於溶劑而得之溶液利用桿塗機、模塗機、刮刀刀片、貝克塗抹器等塗佈在支持體上之方法。又,也可藉由於乾燥後從疊層片將支持體剝離或蝕刻而製成單層片(樹脂片)。又,可藉由將上述本實施形態之樹脂組成物溶於溶劑而得之溶液對於有片狀之模穴之模具內供給並乾燥等而成形為片狀,而不使用支持體地獲得單層片(樹脂片)。
又,單層或疊層片之製作中,去除溶劑時之乾燥條件不特別限定,考量溶劑在樹脂組成物中之殘存及樹脂組成物硬化進行之觀點,宜於20℃~200℃之溫度進行1~90分鐘較佳。又,單層或疊層片中,也可以於樹脂組成物只是將溶劑乾燥而未硬化之狀態使用,視需要可成為半硬化(B階段化)之狀態使用。單層或疊層片樹脂層之厚度可依本實施形態之樹脂組成物之溶液濃度與塗佈厚度調整,不特別限定,一般而言,塗佈厚度若厚則乾燥時易有溶劑殘留,故宜為0.1~500μm較佳。
(密封用材料) 本實施形態之密封用材料含有上述樹脂組成物,可使用此樹脂組成物製造。密封用材料之製造方法可適當使用一般公知之方法,無特殊限制。例如:可藉由將上述樹脂組成物與在製造密封用材料時使用之已知的各種添加劑或溶劑等使用公知混合機混合以製造密封用材料。又,混合時之樹脂組成物、各種添加劑及溶劑之添加方法可適當採用一般公知者,無特殊限制。
(纖維強化複合材料) 本實施形態之纖維強化複合材料含有上述樹脂組成物,可使用此樹脂組成物及強化纖維製造。纖維強化複合材料含有之強化纖維不特別限定,可使用例如:碳纖維、玻璃纖維、芳香族聚醯胺纖維、硼纖維、PBO纖維、高強力聚乙烯纖維、氧化鋁纖維、及碳化矽纖維等纖維。針對強化纖維之形態、排列不特別限定,可以從織物、不織布、氈(mat)、針織物、編繩、單方向股線、粗紗及切股等適當選擇。又,強化纖維之形態可採用預成形體(將由強化纖維構成之織物基布予以疊層者、或將其以縫合線縫合一體化者、或立體織物・編織物等纖維結構物)。
作為此等纖維強化複合材料之製造方法,具體而言可列舉:液體複合材成形(
liquid composite molding)法、樹脂薄膜融合法、纖絲纏繞法、手鋪法(hand lay-up method)、及拉擠(pultrusion)法。該等之中,係液體複合材成形法之一種的樹脂轉移成形法,可將金屬板、成形核及蜂巢核等預成形體以外的素材預先安置在成形模內,故可因應各種用途。所以,樹脂轉移成形法能適用在短時間大量生產形狀較複雜之複合材料
(黏著劑) 本實施形態之黏著劑含有上述樹脂組成物,可使用此樹脂組成物製造。黏著劑之製造方法可適當使用一般公知之方法,無特殊限制。例如:可藉由將上述樹脂組成物與在製造黏著劑時使用之已知的各種添加劑或溶劑等使用公知混合機混合以製造黏著劑。又,混合時之樹脂組成物、各種添加劑及溶劑之添加方法可適當採用一般公知者,無特殊限制。
本實施形態之樹脂組成物有優良的低熱膨脹性、阻燃性及耐熱性,故作為高機能性高分子材料極為有用,就熱、電及機械物性優異之材料而言,除了電絕緣材料、密封用材料、黏著劑、疊層材料、阻劑、堆疊疊層板材料以外,可理想地使用在土木・建築、電・電子、汽車、鐵道、船舶、航空機、運動用品、美術・工藝等領域中的固定材、結構構件、補強劑、成形材等。該等之中,適合要求低熱膨脹性、耐燃性及高度機械強度之電絕緣材料、半導體密封材料、電子零件之黏著劑、航空機結構構件、衛星結構構件及鐵道車輛結構構件。 實施例
以下將本實施形態就實施例及比較例更詳細説明。惟本發明不特別限於以下實施例。
(含有羥基之芳香族化合物之OH基(g/eq.)當量之測定) 依據JIS-K0070,以吡啶-乙醯氯法求出OH基當量(g/eq.)。
(氰酸酯化合物之重量平均分子量Mw之測定) 將使氰酸酯化合物1g溶於100g之四氫呋喃(溶劑)而得之溶液10μL注入高速液體層析(日立先端科技(股)公司製高速液體層析LachromElite),並實施分析。管柱使用東曹(股)公司製TSKgel GMHHR-M(長度30cm×內徑7.8mm)2根,移動相使用四氫呋喃,流速設為1mL/min.,檢測器採用RI。重量平均分子量Mw係依GPC法以聚苯乙烯作為標準物質而求出。
[實施例1] (聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之氰酸酯化合物(以下簡稱為BXAPHCN。)之合成) 依後述方式合成下式(1)表示之BXAPHCN。 【化10】
(聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂(以下簡稱為「BXAPHOH」。)之合成) 首先合成下式(2)表示之BXAPHOH。 【化11】
具體而言,進料聯萘酚71.6g、對二甲苯甘醇13.8g、甲基異丁酮128g、甲醇15g、聚甲苯磺酸・一水合物3.4g,攪拌、溶解後加熱,邊去除甲醇與生成之水邊於70℃進行1小時、80℃進行1小時、100℃進行2小時反應。之後,於110~120℃成為回流狀態,於此狀態反應3小時。反應結束後將反應液冷卻到50℃,重複水洗,確認水相已成為中性。其次將有機相於減壓下濃縮,獲得BXAPHOH 89g。獲得之BXAPHOH之OH基當量為161g/eq.。
(BXAPHCN之合成) 然後使上述方法獲得之BXAPHOH40g(OH基當量161g/eq.)(OH基換算0.25mol)(重量平均分子量Mw770:GPC圖表如圖1所示)及三乙胺25.1g(0.25mol)(相對於羥基1莫耳為1.0莫耳)溶於二氯甲烷220g,命其為溶液1。
將氯化氰24.4g(0.40mol)(相對於羥基1莫耳為1.6莫耳)、二氯甲烷57.0g、36%鹽酸37.7g(0.37mol)(相對於羥基1莫耳為1.5莫耳)、水188.7g混合。將獲得之混合液於攪拌下,保持液溫-2~-0.5℃,費時15分鐘加注溶液1。溶液1的加注結束後於同溫度攪拌30分鐘,之後費時10分鐘加注使三乙胺27.7g(0.27mol)(相對於羥基1莫耳為1.1莫耳)溶於二氯甲烷27.7g之溶液(溶液2)。溶液2之加注結束後,於同溫度攪拌30分鐘,使反應結束。
之後將反應液靜置,分離有機相與水相。將獲得之有機相以0.1N鹽酸140mL洗滌後,以水140g洗滌4次。水洗第4次之廢水之導電度為20μS/cm,確認以水洗滌以充分洗去可去除之離子性化合物。
將水洗後之有機相於減壓下濃縮,最後於90℃使其進行1小時濃縮乾固,獲得目的之氰酸酯化合物BXAPHCN(黑色黏性物)45.5g。獲得之氰酸酯化合物BXAPHCN之質量平均分子 量Mw為2970。GPC圖表示於圖2。又,BXAPHCN之IR光譜顯示2262cm-1
(氰酸酯基)之吸收,且未顯示羥基之吸收。IR圖表示於圖3。BXAPHCN對於甲基乙酮於25℃能有50質量%以上溶解。
[實施例2] (樹脂組成物之製備及硬化物之製作) 將實施例1獲得之氰酸酯化合物BXAPHCN50質量份、2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷(三菱瓦斯化學製商品名skylex)50質量份,投入可分離式燒瓶,利用真空泵浦於減壓下,在150℃加熱熔融並攪拌混合。之後流入JIS-K7238-2-2009記載之模具,放入烘箱,於180℃加熱3小時,之後於250℃加熱3小時,使其硬化,獲得1邊為100mm、厚度為2mm之硬化物。
[比較例1] 將實施例2中之BXAPHCN 50質量份替換為使用2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷(三菱瓦斯化學製商品名skylex)100質量份,除此以外和實施例2同樣進行,獲得硬化物。又,2,2-雙(4-氰氧基苯基)丙烷skylex對於甲乙酮,於25℃能有50質量%以上溶解。
依以下方法評價上述方式獲得之各硬化物之特性。評價結果示於表1。
[玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)] 依據JIS-K7244-3(JIS C6481),使用動態黏彈性測定裝置(TA Instrument Japan(股)公司製型號「AR2000」),以開始溫度30℃、結束溫度400℃、升溫速度3℃/分、測定頻率1Hz的條件測定硬化物之動態黏彈性,將此時獲得之損失彈性係數(E”)之最大値定義為玻璃轉移溫度。玻璃轉移溫度為耐熱性之指標。
[熱膨脹係數] 依據JIS-K-7197-2012(JIS C6481),使用熱機械分析裝置(SII Nanotechnology (股)公司製商品名「TMA/SS7100」),將硬化物之試驗片5mm×5mm×2mm於開始溫度30℃、結束溫度330℃、升溫速度10℃/分、加重0.05N(49mN)的條件,實施膨脹壓縮模式的熱機械分析,測定於60~120℃之每1℃之平均熱膨脹量。
[質量減少率(%)] 依據JIS-K7120-1987使用示差熱熱質量同時測定裝置(理學(股)公司製商品名「Thermoplus EVO TG8120」),將試驗片3mm×3mm×2mm於開始溫度40℃、結束溫度500℃、升溫速度10℃/分、氮氣環境下的條件測定質量,依下式算出500℃之質量減少率。 質量減少率(%)=(D-E)/D×100 D代表於開始溫度之質量,E代表於500℃之質量。
在此,本說明書之阻燃性定義為熱分解時之殘渣量多,亦即質量減少率低。
[表1]
由表1可確認本發明之聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之氰酸酯化合物有優良的溶劑溶解性且操作性優良。又,使用本發明之氰酸酯化合物之樹脂組成物之硬化物比起使用習知品之氰酸酯化合物者,熱膨脹率較低,且確認有優良的阻燃性及耐熱性。
[實施例3] 將合成例1獲得之BXAPHCN50質量份、聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂(NC-3000-FH、日本化藥(股)製)50質量份、熔融二氧化矽(SC2050MB、Admatechs製)100質量份混合,獲得清漆。將此清漆以甲乙酮稀釋,含浸塗佈在厚度0.1mm之E玻璃織布,於150℃進行5分鐘加熱乾燥,獲得樹脂含量50質量%之預浸體。
將獲得之預浸體重疊8片,將12μm厚之電解銅箔(3EC-M3-VLP,三井金屬礦業(股)製)配置在上下,以壓力30kgf/cm2
、溫度220℃之條件進行120分鐘之疊層成型,獲得絕緣層厚度0.8mm之覆金屬箔疊層板。
[比較例2] 將實施例3中之BXAPHCN 50質量份替換為使用雙酚A型氰酸酯化合物(CA210,三菱瓦斯化學(股)製)50質量份,除此以外和實施例1同樣實施,獲得厚度0.8mm之覆金屬箔疊層板。
[比較例3] 將實施例3中之BXAPHCN 50質量份替換為使用苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯化合物(Primaset PT-30,Lonza Japan(股)製)50質量份,除此以外和實施例1同樣實施,獲得厚度0.8mm之覆金屬箔疊層板。
依以下方法評價上述方式獲得之覆金屬箔疊層板之特性。評價結果示於表2。
[玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)] 依據JIS C6481,使用動態黏彈性分析裝置(TA Instrument Japan(股)公司製,型號DMAQ400),利用DMA法測定玻璃轉移溫度。
[吸水率] 使用30mm×30mm之樣本,依據JIS C648以壓力鍋試驗機(平山製作所製,PC-3型)以121℃、2大氣壓的條件進行5小時處理。從處理前後之覆金屬箔疊層板之重量變化測定吸水率。
[吸濕耐熱性] 將50mm×50mm之樣本之單面之一半以外之全部銅箔蝕刻除去後的試驗片,以壓力鍋試驗機(平山製作所製PC-3型),以121℃、2大氣壓的條件進行5小時處理後,於260℃之焊料中浸漬60秒,之後以目視觀察外觀變化。計數4片試驗片當中發生隆起的試驗片的片數(隆起發生數/試驗數)。
[表2]
由表2可知,可確認:藉由使用本發明之樹脂組成物,可達成不只有低吸水且吸濕耐熱性、耐熱性也優良之預浸體及印刷電路板等。
本申請案係基於2014年12月18日向日本專利廳提申的日本專利出願(日本特願2014-255801及日本特願2014-255802),其內容納入於此作為參考。 [產業利用性]
本發明之氰酸酯化合物可作為能用在預浸體、覆金屬箔疊層板、樹脂片、印刷電路板、密封用材料、纖維強化複合材料、及黏著劑等各種用途的材料,具有產業利用性。
[圖1]顯示聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂之GPC圖表。 [圖2]顯示實施例1獲得之氰酸酯化合物BXAPHCN之GPC圖表。 [圖3]顯示聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂及實施例1獲得之氰酸酯化合物BXAPHCN之FT-IR圖表。
無
Claims (18)
- 一種氰酸酯化合物,具有下列通式(1)表示之結構; 【化1】式中,n表示1以上之整數。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之氰酸酯化合物,其重量平均分子量Mw為100~5000。
- 一種氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,具有氰酸酯化步驟,係將聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂進行氰酸酯化而獲得有下列通式(1)表示之結構之氰酸酯化合物(A); 【化2】式中,n表示1以上之整數。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項之氰酸酯化合物之製造方法,其中,在該氰酸酯化步驟前更具有以下步驟: 使對二甲苯甘醇及/或1,4-雙(甲氧基甲基)苯,與1,1’-聯-2-萘酚於酸性觸媒存在下反應而獲得該聯萘酚芳烷基樹脂。
- 一種樹脂組成物,包含如申請專利範圍第1項之氰酸酯化合物(A)。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之樹脂組成物,更包括選自於由該氰酸酯化合物以外之氰酸酯化合物(B)、馬來醯亞胺化合物(C)、苯酚樹脂(D)、環氧樹脂(E)、氧雜環丁烷樹脂(F)、苯并 化合物(G)、及具有可聚合之不飽和基之化合物(H)構成之群組中之1種以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之樹脂組成物,其中,該氰酸酯化合物(A)之含量相對於該樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份為1~90質量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之樹脂組成物,更含有填充材(I)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之樹脂組成物,其中,該環氧樹脂(E)含有選自於由聯苯芳烷基型環氧樹脂、伸萘基醚型環氧樹脂、多官能苯酚型環氧樹脂、萘型環氧樹脂構成之群組中之1種以上。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之樹脂組成物,其中,該填充材(I)之含量相對於該樹脂組成物中之樹脂固體成分100質量份為50~1600質量份。
- 一種硬化物,係使如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物硬化而成。
- 一種預浸體,具有: 基材; 含浸或塗佈於該基材之如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物。
- 一種覆金屬箔疊層板,具有: 至少1片以上之經疊層之如申請專利範圍第12項之預浸體;及 配置於該預浸體之單面或兩面之金屬箔。
- 一種樹脂片,具有: 支持體; 配置於該支持體之表面之含有如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物之層。
- 一種印刷電路板,具有: 含有如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物之絕緣層;及 配置於該絕緣層之表面的導體層。
- 一種密封用材料,含有如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物。
- 一種纖維強化複合材料,含有如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物。
- 一種黏著劑,含有如申請專利範圍第5至10項中任一項之樹脂組成物。
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