TW201625656A - C-4”位置經取代之巨環內酯化合物 - Google Patents
C-4”位置經取代之巨環內酯化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201625656A TW201625656A TW104126709A TW104126709A TW201625656A TW 201625656 A TW201625656 A TW 201625656A TW 104126709 A TW104126709 A TW 104126709A TW 104126709 A TW104126709 A TW 104126709A TW 201625656 A TW201625656 A TW 201625656A
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- BPLKQGGAXWRFOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfoxonium iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[S+](C)(C)=O BPLKQGGAXWRFOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
對以往之巨環內酯系抗生素中無法得到充分抗菌活性之紅黴素耐性菌,例如耐性肺炎球菌、鏈球菌、及黴漿菌等,亦顯示優良抗菌活性之下述化合物或藥學上容許之其鹽、或該等之水合物或該等之溶劑合物。
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Description
本發明係關於具有類似紅黴素之骨架的新穎抗生素。更具體而言,本發明係關於含有具有經於二脫氧甲基己糖(cladinose)的第4”位上具有氮原子的取代基取代之甲基的巨環內酯化合物作為有效成分之用於感染症的預防及/或治療之醫藥。
紅黴素A為作為因革蘭氏陽性菌、黴漿菌等所引起的感染症治療藥而廣泛地被使用的抗生素。但紅黴素因會被胃酸所分解,故有著體內動態不固定之缺點。因此有探討增加對酸之穩定性的衍生物,其結果開發出克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)(專利文獻1及2)、羅紅黴素(roxithromycin)等體內動態穩定的巨環內酯劑。
以外來呼吸器感染症作為治療區域的此等巨環內酯劑,特別對於臨床分離頻率高的肺炎球菌、鏈球菌以及流行性感冒桿菌必須具有強抗菌活性。進而,因由社區性肺
炎高頻率地分離出巨環內酯耐性的肺炎球菌,故對耐性肺炎球菌有效亦成為重要事項。
近年來,廣泛研究結果,作為對紅黴素耐性肺炎球菌、紅黴素耐性鏈球菌皆有效的巨環內酯,Agouridas等人於1995年發現HMR3647(酮環類抗生素(telithromycin),專利文獻3)、Or等人於1998年發現ABT-773(噻黴素(cethromycin),專利文獻4)。之後,被報告了更加實現藥效增強的2-氟酮內酯(2-fluoroketolide)(專利文獻5)。
另一方面,關於具有經於二脫氧甲基己糖的第4”位上具有氮原子的取代基取代之甲基的巨環內酯化合物,幾乎都是具有於內酯環內具有氮原子之結構性特徵的氮雜內酯(azalide)型之化合物(專利文獻6)。
進一步地,作為對紅黴素耐性肺炎球菌、紅黴素耐性鏈球菌均有效之巨環內酯,關於具有經於二脫氧甲基己糖的第4”位上具有氮原子的取代基取代之甲基的巨環內酯化合物,申請人等亦有報告(專利文獻7、8及9)。特別地,於其中尤以專利文獻7、8所記載之實施例15為較佳之化合物。
[專利文獻1]美國專利說明書第4474768號
[專利文獻2]美國專利說明書第4517359號
[專利文獻3]歐洲專利第680967號
[專利文獻4]國際公開WO98/09978號
[專利文獻5]國際公開WO02/32919號
[專利文獻6]國際公開WO98/56801號
[專利文獻7]國際公開WO2012/115256號
[專利文獻8]日本國公表專利公報第2014-505723號
[專利文獻9]日本國公開專利公報第2014-058509號
本發明之課題係提供不僅以往的紅黴素感受性菌,對紅黴素耐性菌(例如耐性肺炎球菌、耐性鏈球菌、及黴漿菌)亦有效之化合物。
因而,本發明者等人努力進行新的巨環內酯化合物之研究,結果發現下述所示之化合物具有優良的抗菌活性,完成了本發明。
亦即,藉由本發明,提供(1)式[1]:
表示之化合物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或該等之水合物或該等之溶劑合物,作為達成此目的者。
又,本發明提供含有該化合物作為有效成分之感染症之預防及/或治療劑。
本發明之化合物或其鹽、或其水合物或其溶劑合物,其特徵在於,對微生物,較佳為對革蘭氏陽性菌或革蘭氏陰性菌等好氣性或嫌氣性細菌類、黴漿菌或披衣菌等,具有廣泛的抗菌活性,特別是對以往的巨環內酯系抗生素中無法得到充分的抗菌活性之紅黴素耐性菌(例如耐性肺炎球菌、耐性鏈球菌、及黴漿菌)等亦會顯示優良的抗菌活性。
[圖1]顯示試驗例3之結果的圖。
[圖2]顯示試驗例4之結果的圖。
[圖3]顯示試驗例5之結果的圖。
本發明中,「其藥學上容許之鹽」,可為酸加成鹽或鹼加成鹽之任意者,酸加成鹽可列舉例如與乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、甲酸、三氟乙酸、馬來酸、酒石酸、檸
檬酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、乙基琥珀酸、乳糖酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖庚酸、安息香酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、2-羥基乙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、月桂基硫酸、蘋果酸、天冬胺酸、麩胺酸、己二酸、半胱胺酸、N-乙醯基半胱胺酸、鹽酸、氫溴酸、磷酸、硫酸、氫碘酸、菸鹼酸、草酸、苦味酸、硫氰酸、十一烷酸、丙烯酸聚合物、羧基乙烯基聚合物等酸之鹽;鹼加成鹽,可列舉例如鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽等之與無機鹼之鹽;與嗎啉、哌啶等之有機胺、胺基酸之鹽,但不限定於此等。
本發明中,「抗菌劑」意指具有對革蘭氏陽性細菌、革蘭氏陰性細菌或黴漿菌等細菌作用,而抑制或殺菌其生長之能力的物質。亦可為抑制細菌繁殖、或殺死一部分之菌以減少其數目者。革蘭氏陽性細菌,可列舉例如葡萄球菌屬(金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)等)、鏈球菌屬(化膿鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)、B群鏈球菌、肺炎球菌等)、腸球菌屬(糞腸球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、屎腸球菌(Enterococcus faecium)等)。革蘭氏陰性菌可列舉例如假單胞菌屬(綠膿桿菌等)、大腸菌屬(大腸桿菌等)、克萊桿菌屬(肺炎桿菌、產酸克雷白氏菌(Klebsiella oxytoca)等)、嗜血桿菌屬(流行性感冒桿菌(Haemophilus influenzae)、副流行性感冒桿菌(Haemophilus parainfluenzae)等)、博德氏桿菌屬(百日咳桿菌、支氣管敗血性博德氏桿菌等)、鋸桿菌屬(萎垂桿菌(Serratia
marcescens)等)、變形桿菌屬(奇異變形桿菌(Proteus mirabilis)等)、腸桿菌屬(陰溝腸桿菌(Enterobacter cloacae)等)、曲狀桿菌屬(空腸曲桿菌(Campylobacter jejuni)等)、檸檬酸桿菌屬、弧菌屬(腸炎弧菌、霍亂弧菌等)、摩根菌屬(摩根氏桿菌(Morganella morganii)等)、沙門氏桿屬(傷寒桿菌、副傷寒桿菌(paratyphoid bacillus)等)、志賀桿菌屬(赤痢桿菌等)、不動桿菌屬(鮑氏不動桿菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)、乙酸鈣不動桿菌(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)等)、退伍軍人桿菌屬(嗜肺性退伍軍人桿菌(Legionella pneumophila)等)、類桿菌屬(脆弱類桿菌(Bacteroides fragilis)等)、奈瑟菌屬(淋病球菌、腦膜炎雙球菌等)、摩氏菌屬(卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis)等)、披衣菌屬(砂眼披衣菌(Chlamydia trachomatis)、鸚鵡披衣菌(Chlamydia psittaci)等)及螺桿菌屬(幽門螺旋桿菌(Helicobacter pylori)等)。黴漿菌可列舉M.gallisepticum、M.genitalium、M.hominis、M.hyopneumoniae、M.laboratorium、M.mycoides、M.ovipneumoniae、M.pneumonia。
本發明之化合物,具有特別是對以往的巨環內酯系抗生素中無法得到充分的抗菌活性之紅黴素耐性菌(例如耐性肺炎球菌、耐性鏈球菌、及黴漿菌)等亦會顯示優良的抗菌活性之特徵。
上述式[1]表示之化合物可存在光學異構物,式[1]表示之化合物中,係包含該等光學異構物、及光學
異構物之混合物。又,式[1]表示之化合物、或其藥學上容許之鹽、或該等之各種水合物、或溶劑合物亦包含在本發明之範圍中。
本發明中之「溶劑合物」之「溶劑」,若無特別指明,例如係意指極性溶劑(例如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、丁醇等之醇系溶劑;乙酸乙酯等)、不活性溶劑(例如氯仿或二氯甲烷等之鹵化烴系溶劑;二乙基醚、四氫呋喃或二噁烷等之醚系溶劑;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等之醯胺系溶劑;二甲基亞碸、乙腈等之非質子性溶劑;甲苯等之芳香族烴類;或環己烷等之烴類等)、進而2-丁酮、己烷、異丙基醚、丙酮、二氯甲烷等、或此處所例示之溶劑的混合溶劑,但不限定於此等。
上述式[1]表示之本發明之化合物或其鹽、或其水合物或其溶劑合物,係顯示優良的安全性。安全性係藉由各種試驗來評估,例如可藉由細胞毒性試驗、hERG試驗、細胞色素P450(CYP)活性阻礙試驗等來評估。
上述式[1]表示之本發明之化合物或其鹽、或其水合物或其溶劑合物,係顯示優良的代謝安定性。代謝安定性係藉由各種試驗來評估,例如可藉由人類肝微粒體代謝安定性試驗等來評估。
本發明之化合物,能夠與一個或二個以上之醫藥上容許之載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑組合,而作為醫藥製劑。上述載體、賦形劑及稀釋劑,可列舉水、乳糖、右旋糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、聚乙二醇、
丙二醇、澱粉、樹膠、明膠、褐藻膠、矽酸鈣、磷酸鈣、水糖漿、纖維素、甲基纖維素、羥基丙基纖維素、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、烷基對羥基苯并山梨酸酯、滑石、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸、甘油、芝麻油、橄欖油、大豆油等之各種油等。又,於上述載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑,可依需要混合一般所使用之增量劑、結合劑、崩解劑、pH調整劑、溶解劑等之添加劑,藉由常用之製劑技術配製為錠劑、丸劑、膠囊劑、顆粒劑、粉劑、液劑、乳劑、懸浮劑、軟膏劑、注射劑、皮膚貼附劑等之經口或非經口用醫藥。
本發明之化合物,作為對成人患者1次的投與量,可將1~10000mg、較佳為5~1000mg,1日1次或分為數次以非經口或經口來進行投與。投與量可依治療對象之疾病種類、患者年齡、體重、症狀等來適當增減。又,本發明之化合物,亦可與其他藥劑組合來使用。
以下藉由參考例、實施例及試驗例以進一步詳細說明本發明。但本發明之化合物之合成法不限定於以下方法,亦可使用替換各步驟的順序、經官能基之保護/脫保護等之所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者眾所周知之方法來合成。
以下之參考例、實施例記載的各機器數據係由以下之測定機器測定。
NMR光譜:日本電子公司JNM-ECA600(600MHz)、日本電子公司JNM-ECA500(500MHz)
MS光譜:島津公司LCMS-2010EV或micromass公司Platform LC
以下之參考例、實施例中,高速液體層析質譜(LCMS)係由以下條件測定。
測定機械:Agilent 2900及Agilent 6150
管柱:Waters Acquity CSH C18,1.7μm, 2.1×50mm
溶劑:A液;含0.1%甲酸之水、B液;含0.1%甲酸之乙腈
梯度:0分(A液/B液=80/20)、1.2-1.4分(A液/B液=1/99)
流速:0.8mL/分、檢測法:UV、ELSD
梯度:0分(A液/B液=95/5)、1.20分(A液/B液=50/50)、1.0mL/分、1.38分(A液/B液=3/97)
流速:0.8mL/分、檢測法:UV、ELSD
離子化法:ESI
參考例、實施例中之略號如以下所示。
ESI:電噴灑離子化法
MS:質譜
CDCl3:重氫氯仿
NMR:核磁共振
s:單峰
brs:寬單峰(寬廣的單峰)
d:雙重峰
m:多重峰
t:三重峰
q:四重峰
對8.9mol/L甲基胺之甲醇溶液135mL,於冰冷下,滴下二異丙基胺基乙基氯化物鹽酸鹽24.0g之甲醇72mL溶液,於室溫攪拌20分鐘。將使反應液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣溶解於氯仿,於冰冷下添加2mol/L氫氧化鈉水溶液。將反應液以氯仿萃取2次,將有機層於減壓下濃縮後,將所得之殘渣以胺基二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自己烷:氯仿=5:1至僅有氯仿)精製,得到標題化合物19.4g。
MS(ESI)m/z=159[M+H]+
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.99(d,J=1.71Hz,6 H)1.00(d,J=1.71Hz,6 H)2.43(s,3 H)2.54-2.57(m,4
H)2.96-3.03(m,2 H)
(1)於N-(苄氧基羰基)甘胺酸209g之氯仿1.0L溶液中添加70%乙基胺水溶液108mL,於冰冷下添加1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳二醯亞胺鹽酸鹽249g後,於室溫攪拌整夜。於反應液中添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水,以氯仿萃取。將有機層於減壓下濃縮後,將所得之殘渣懸浮於乙酸乙酯400mL,添加己烷200mL並攪拌,濾取所產生之固體,得到醯胺體150g。
(2)於上述參考例2-(1)中得到之醯胺體150g之
甲醇630mL溶液中添加10%鈀碳15g,於氫環境下,於室溫攪拌6日。過濾反應液後,將濾液於減壓下濃縮,得到標題化合物64.4g。
MS(ESI)m/z=103[M+H]+
1H-NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):1.17(t,J=7.2Hz,3 H)1.38(brs,2 H)3.29-3.37(m,4 H)7.20(brs,1 H)
式[2]:
(1)將克拉黴素200g溶解於丙酮1.5L,滴下乙酸酐30.3mL,於室溫攪拌整夜。於使反應液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣中添加乙酸乙酯、己烷、氫氧化鈉水溶液後,添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水調整為pH=9。將析出之固體以玻璃濾器濾取,以蒸餾水洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥,得到乙醯基體202g。
MS(ESI)m/z=790.6[M+H]+
(2)將上述參考例3-(1)中得到之乙醯基體202g溶解於氯仿1.8L,添加吡啶210mL後予以冰冷,花費40分鐘滴下三光氣77.4g之氯仿0.8L溶液。將反應液昇溫至室溫後,攪拌3小時。於反應液中添加吡啶158mL,於冰冷下,滴下三光氣57.9g之氯仿溶液,於室溫攪拌15分鐘。於反應液中添加蒸餾水、飽和碳酸氫鈉水,以氯仿萃取,將有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後過濾。於使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣中添加乙酸乙酯與己烷之1:1混合溶劑
並攪拌,進一步添加己烷,於室溫攪拌整夜。濾取所產生之固體,以乙酸乙酯與己烷之1:2混合溶劑洗淨後,於減壓下乾燥得到碳酸酯體220g。
MS(ESI)m/z=816.5[M+H]+
(3)將N-氯琥珀酸醯亞胺99.7g溶解於氯仿1L,於-25℃冷卻。於反應液中花費20分鐘滴下二甲基硫醚210mL之氯仿0.2L溶液,攪拌15分鐘後,花費30分鐘滴下上述(2)中得到之碳酸酯體之氯仿1L溶液,攪拌15分鐘。於反應液中添加三乙基胺136mL之氯仿0.2L溶液,攪拌30分鐘。於反應液中添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水,昇溫至室溫,以氯仿進行分液。將有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥並過濾之後,於使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣中添加乙酸乙酯與己烷之1:5之混合溶劑,於室溫攪拌整夜。濾取所產生之固體,以乙酸乙酯與己烷之1:2混合溶劑洗淨,得到酮體109g。將使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣以二氧化
矽凝膠管柱層析(自乙酸乙酯:己烷=1:1至丙酮:己烷:三乙基胺=10:10:0.2)精製後,以與上述相同之方法結晶化,得到酮體59.5g。
MS(ESI)m/z=814.5[M+H]+
(4)將碘化三甲基硫氧鎓210g溶解於二甲基亞碸與四氫呋喃之5:1混合溶劑1.2L,每次少量地添加70%氫化鈉32.6g,於室溫攪拌1.5小時。於冰冷下,滴下上述(3)中得到之酮體155g之四氫呋喃0.8L溶液,於室溫攪拌30分鐘。將反應液冰冷,添加蒸餾水,添加乙酸乙酯進行分液,將所得之有機層以蒸餾水洗淨。將水層以乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以蒸餾水洗淨。將所收集之有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後過濾。將濾液減壓濃縮得到環氧基體146g。
MS(ESI)m/z=784.5[M+H]+
1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.90(t,J=7.57Hz,
3 H)0.97(d,J=7.34Hz,3 H)1.04(d,J=6.88Hz,3 H)1.07(s,3 H)1.14(d,J=6.88Hz,3 H)1.18(d,J=5.96Hz,3 H)1.21-1.36(m,7 H)1.42(s,3 H)1.47-1.55(m,1 H)1.67-1.73(m,1 H)1.83-1.98(m,5 H)2.02(d,J=1.83Hz,6 H)2.18-2.29(m,1 H)2.25(s,6 H)2.58-2.69(m,1 H)2.63(d,J=4.13Hz,1 H)2.80-2.89(m,1 H)2.94(d,J=4.13Hz,1 H)3.12-3.26(m,1 H)3.17(s,3 H)3.34(s,3 H)3.43-3.51(m,1 H)3.66(d,J=6.42Hz,1 H)3.94(brs,1 H)4.57(d,J=7.34Hz,1 H)4.73(dd,J=10.55,7.34Hz,1 H)4.80(q,J=6.42Hz,1 H)4.98-5.06(m,2 H)6.50(s,1 H)
(5)將上述參考例3-(4)中得到之環氧基體138g溶解於四氫呋喃與二甲基甲醯胺之1:1混合溶劑1.4L,添加1,1’-羰基二咪唑85.6g。於冰冷下,花費40分鐘添加70%氫化鈉18.1g,於室溫攪拌0.5小時。將反應液冰
冷,添加蒸餾水,以乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以蒸餾水洗淨2次。將水層以乙酸乙酯萃取,將有機層以蒸餾水洗淨2次。將所收集之有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後過濾。將使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自己烷至己烷:乙酸乙酯=1:1至丙酮:己烷:三乙基胺=10:10:0.2)精製。於所得之精製物中添加乙酸乙酯、己烷(1:1),於室溫攪拌整夜。濾取所產生之固體,以乙酸乙酯與己烷之1:4混合溶劑洗淨,得到式[2]表示之化合物87.1g。
MS(ESI)m/z=878.6[M+H]+
1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.85-1.41(m,25 H)1.64-1.78(m,3 H)1.79(s,3 H)1.90(dd,J=14.67,5.04Hz,4 H)1.86(s,3 H)2.04(s,3 H)2.19-2.28(m,1 H)2.25(s,6 H)2.60-2.68(m,1 H)2.65(d,J=4.13Hz,1 H)2.86-2.97(m,1 H)2.95(d,J=4.13Hz,1 H)3.15(s,3 H)3.22-3.29(m,1 H)3.35(s,3 H)3.38-3.47(m,1 H)3.66(d,J=6.42Hz,1 H)3.79-3.88(m,1 H)4.56(d,J=6.88Hz,1 H)4.72(dd,J=10.32,7.57Hz,1 H)4.79(q,J=6.27Hz,1 H)5.01-5.09(m,1 H)5.83(dd,J=10.55,2.75Hz,1 H)6.66(s,1 H)7.07(s,1 H)7.34-7.38(m,1 H)8.08(s,1 H)
式[3]:
(1)將參考例3中得到之式[2]表示之化合物360mg溶解於乙腈1.5mL,添加1,8-二氮雜雙環[5,4,0]-7-十一烯280μl、3-甲烷磺醯基丙基胺鹽酸鹽273mg,於室溫攪拌1日。於反應液中添加乙酸乙酯、飽和氯化銨水溶液進行分液。將有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後過濾,將使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿至氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=25:1:0.1至15:1:0.1)精製而得到胺基甲酸酯體117mg。
(2)將上述參考例4-(1)中得到之胺基甲酸酯體115mg溶解於乙醇1mL,添加N,N-二乙基-N'-甲基乙烷-1,2-二胺195μl,於密封管中,於100℃下攪拌1日。於反應液中添加乙酸乙酯、飽和氯化銨水溶液進行分液。將有機層以無水硫酸鎂乾燥後過濾,將使濾液減壓濃縮而得之殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿至氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=12:1:0.1)、區分用薄層層析(氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=20:1:0.1)精製,得到式[3]表示之化合物62.7mg。
再者,式[3]表示之化合物,係專利文獻7、8中記載為較佳之化合物的實施例15。
式[1]:
(1)將參考例3中得到之式[2]表示之化合物277g溶解於乙腈315mL,添加參考例2中得到之化合物64.4g及1,8-二氮雜雙環[5,4,0]-7-十一烯191mL,於室溫攪拌1.5小時。於反應液中添加水500mL,以乙酸乙酯400mL萃取。將有機層以飽和食鹽水洗淨,以硫酸鎂乾燥過濾後,於減壓下濃縮。將殘渣由乙酸乙酯300mL與己烷300mL進行再結晶,得到胺基甲酸酯體83.5g。將濾液於減壓下濃縮後,藉由再結晶(乙酸乙酯200mL,己烷200mL)而得到胺基甲酸酯體34.4g。進一步將濾液於減壓下濃縮,將殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿:甲
醇:28%氨水=99:1:0.1至85:15:1.5)精製後,由乙酸乙酯100mL與己烷100mL進行再結晶,得到胺基甲酸酯體16.3g。將濾液與前述管柱中得到之一部分區分合併,以胺基二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自乙酸乙酯:己烷=20:80至僅有乙酸乙酯)精製後,藉著由乙酸乙酯200mL與己烷200mL進行再結晶,得到胺基甲酸酯體55.3g。合併此等胺基甲酸酯體得到189.5g。
MS(ESI)m/z=912.6[M+H]+
1H-NMR(499MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.85-0.90(m,6 H)0.95(d,J=7.55Hz,3 H)0.99-1.29(m,19 H)1.33(s,3 H)1.44(s,3 H)1.50-1.65(m,3 H)1.68-1.73(m,1 H)1.84-2.00(m,3 H)2.05(s,3 H)2.21(dd,J=14.75,3.09Hz,1 H)2.26(s,6 H)2.53-2.60(m,1 H)2.62(d,J=4.12Hz,1 H)2.63-2.70(m,1 H)2.86-2.91(m,1 H)2.93(s,3 H)2.94(d,J=4.12Hz,1 H)3.06(q,J=6.86Hz,1 H)3.27-3.36(m,2 H)3.34(s,3 H)3.41-3.50(m,1 H)3.68(d,J=6.17Hz,1 H)3.73(d,J=10.29Hz,1 H)3.76(s,1 H)4.20(d,J=16.81Hz,1 H)4.49(d,J=16.81Hz,1 H)4.63(d,J=7.55Hz,1 H)4.68-4.77(m,2 H)5.04(dd,J=4.63,3.26Hz,1 H)5.25(dd,J=10.63,2.40Hz,1 H)6.17(t,J=5.66Hz,1 H)
(2)將上述實施例1-(1)中得到之胺基甲酸酯體189g溶解於甲醇410mL,加熱回流4小時後,於室溫攪拌一晝夜。將反應液於減壓下濃縮。於殘渣中添加乙酸乙酯50mL及己烷300mL,攪拌30分鐘,濾取所產生之固體,得到脫乙醯基體41.2g。將濾液以胺基二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自乙酸乙酯:己烷=20:80至100:0)及二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=99:1:0.1至85:15:1.5)精製3次。於所得之粗精製物中添加乙酸乙酯50mL及己烷600mL,攪拌30分鐘,濾取所產生之固體,得到脫乙醯基體62.8g。將濾液進一步以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=99:1:0.1至85:15:1.5)精製,同樣地由乙酸乙酯20mL與己烷50mL進行再結晶,得到脫乙醯基體2.99g。
MS(ESI)m/z=870.6[M+H]+
1H-NMR(499MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.88(t,J=7.38Hz,3 H)1.00-1.08(m,9 H)1.09-1.27(m,1 H)1.10-1.15(m,9 H)1.18(d,J=6.17Hz,3 H)1.24(d,J=7.20Hz,3 H)1.36(s,3 H)1.43(s,3 H)1.58(ddd,J=14.24,10.46,7.20
Hz,1 H)1.62-1.78(m,3 H)1.88(dd,J=14.92,4.97Hz,1 H)1.91-2.00(m,2 H)2.23(dd,J=14.75,2.74Hz,1 H)2.28(s,6 H)2.42-2.50(m,1 H)2.59(dd,J=7.03,4.29Hz,1 H)2.62(d,J=4.12Hz,1 H)2.89-2.96(m,1 H)2.93(d,J=4.12Hz,1 H)2.95(s,3 H)3.08(q,J=6.86Hz,1 H)3.18(dd,J=10.29,7.20Hz,1 H)3.27-3.39(m,2 H)3.32(s,3 H)3.42-3.50(m,1 H)3.71(d,J=6.52Hz,1 H)3.76(d,J=9.95Hz,1 H)3.77(s,1 H)4.21(d,J=1681Hz,1 H)4.50(d,J=10.63Hz,1 H)4.52(s,1 H)4.76(q,J=6.52Hz,1 H)5.04(dd,J=4.80,2.74Hz,1 H)5.21(dd,J=10.63,2.40Hz,1 H)6.25(t,J=5.66Hz,1 H)
(3)將上述實施例1-(2)中得到之脫乙醯基體104g溶解於乙醇120mL,添加參考例1中得到之化合物56.5g,加熱回流2小時。將反應液於減壓下濃縮。將殘渣溶解於乙酸乙酯,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗淨3次後,
添加水以進行分液。將水層以乙酸乙酯再度萃取,以水洗淨。將合併的有機層以飽和食鹽水洗淨,以硫酸鎂乾燥過濾後,於減壓下濃縮。將殘渣由乙酸乙酯100mL與己烷600mL進行再結晶,得到式[1]表示之化合物41.4g。進一步地,將濾液於減壓下濃縮,將殘渣以二氧化矽凝膠管柱層析(自氯仿:甲醇:28%氨水=99:1:0.1至85:15:1.5)精製後,由乙酸乙酯100mL與己烷500mL進行再結晶,得到式[1]表示之化合物62.1g。將如此方式所得之式[1]表示之化合物合併,合計得到103.5g。
MS(ESI)m/z=1028.8[M+H]+
1H-NMR(499MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):0.87(t,J=7.20Hz,3 H)1.00(m,J=10.60,6.50Hz,15 H)1.06-1.26(m,22 H)1.38(s,3 H)1.42(s,3 H)1.52-1.79(m,4 H)1.84-2.07(m,5 H)2.29(s,6 H)2.35(s,3 H)2.39-2.55(m,5 H)2.57-2.64(m,1 H)2.83(d,J=14.75Hz,1 H)2.89(dd,J=9.26,7.20Hz,1 H)2.94(s,3 H)2.95-3.03(m,2 H)3.08(q,J=7.09Hz,1 H)3.17(dd,J=10.12,7.38Hz,1 H)3.22-3.32(m,1 H)3.28(s,3 H)3.34-3.48(m,3 H)3.64(d,J=7.55Hz,1 H)3.73(d,J=9.61Hz,1 H)3.78(s,1 H)4.08(q,J=6.40Hz,1 H)4.21(d,J=17.15Hz,1 H)4.40(d,J=7.20Hz,1 H)4.57(d,J=16.81Hz,1 H)4.95(brs,1 H)4.99(d,J=4.80Hz,1 H)5.11(dd,J=10.63,2.06Hz,1 H)6.39(t,J=5.66Hz,1 H)
本發明化合物之作用係藉由以下之藥理試驗確認。
本發明品、實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物之對各種試驗菌的生體外抗菌力,係根據微量液體稀釋法(CLSI法)測定。又,參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物亦同樣地測定。所使用之試驗菌如表1所示。對菌體編號A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K及L之試驗菌的MIC值(微生物生長最小抑制濃度μg/ml)係如表2所示。
使用流行性感冒桿菌(Haemophilus influenzae)39種臨床分離株,使用與試驗例1相同之手法,實施藥劑感受性之評估。表3顯示結果。
藥理效果之評估係使用下述所示方法。
細菌係使用Haemophilus influenzae ATCC43095株(菌體編號A)。刮取經巧克力洋菜培養基培養1晚之菌體,懸浮於嗜血桿菌(Haemophilus)感受性試驗培養基或Fildes Enrichment添加之Brain Heart Infusion培養基後,培養1晚。將其以嗜血桿菌感受性試驗培養基或Fildes Enrichment添加之Brain Heart Infusion培養基稀釋,作為接種菌液。對小鼠(ICR系、雄性、4週齡)將接種菌液0.05mL進行氣管內接種使其感染。接種菌量係2.25×106CFU/小鼠或9.00×105CFU/小鼠。自接種翌日起1日1次,將實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物(100及200mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混合液)經口投與2日。接種3日後之肺內
生菌數(1群6例、平均值±標準誤差)如圖1所示。
再者,關於圖1之備註係如以下所述。與媒液之顯著差:Steel檢定*:p<0.05、**:p<0.01;實施例1、式[1]化合物之MIC值為4μg/mL;參考例4、式[3]化合物之MIC值為4μg/mL
以下,作為試驗結果之肺內生菌數,係以肺內生菌數(CFU/肺)之常用對數(常用對數以下記載為log)的形式表示。
媒液投與群之肺內生菌數為5.88±0.14[log(CFU/肺)]。實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物100及200mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為3.54±0.49[log(CFU/肺)]及2.83±0.53[log(CFU/肺)],與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。同樣地,將參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物(100及200mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混合液)予以經口投與。將結果以肺內生菌數(CFU/肺)之常用對數(常用對數以下記載為log)的形式表示時,接種3日後之肺內生菌數,於媒液投與群為5.67±0.32[log(CFU/肺)]。參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物100及200mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為4.37±0.27[log(CFU/肺)]及2.53±0.23[log(CFU/肺)],與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。由以上顯示,實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物,對該菌株顯示與參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物相同程度之治療效果。
藥理效果之評估係使用下述所示方法。
細菌係使用Streptococcus pneumoniae 1101株(臨床分離株)。將使用菌株之冷凍保存液添加於添加30vol%不活化馬血清之Todd-Hewitt液體培養基中,培養至濁度(OD600)成為約0.3。將其以添加30vol%不活化馬血清之Todd-Hewitt液體培養基稀釋,作為接種菌液。對小鼠(CBA/JN系、雄性、5週齡)將接種菌液0.05mL經鼻接種使其感染。接種菌量為7.50×104CFU/小鼠或1.65×105CFU/小鼠。自接種翌日起1日1次,將實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物(30及100mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混合液)經口投與2日。接種3日後之肺內生菌數(1群5~6例、平均值±標準誤差)如圖2所示。
再者,關於圖2之備註係如以下所述。與媒液之顯著差:Steel檢定*:p<0.05、**:p<0.01;實施例1、式[1]化合物之MIC值為0.25μg/mL;參考例4、式[3]化合物之MIC值為0.12μg/mL
媒液投與群之肺內生菌數為5.83±0.08[log(CFU/肺)]。實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物30及100mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為4.14±0.19[log(CFU/肺)]及2.28±0.24[log(CFU/肺)],與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。同樣地,將參考例4之式
[3]表示之化合物(10、30及100mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混合液)予以經口投與之結果,接種3日後之肺內生菌數,於媒液投與群為5.91±0.18[log(CFU/肺)]。參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物10、30及100mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為5.86±0.12[log(CFU/肺)]、5.22±0.16[log(CFU/肺)]及3.65±0.36[log(CFU/肺)],參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物100mg/kg投與群與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。由以上可知,實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物,顯示較參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物更優良的治療效果。
藥理效果之評估係使用下述所示方法。
細菌係使用Streptococcus pneumoniae 1028株(臨床分離株)。將使用菌株之冷凍保存液添加於添加30vol%不活化馬血清之Todd-Hewitt液體培養基中,培養至濁度(OD600)成為約0.3。將其以添加30vol%不活化馬血清之Todd-Hewitt液體培養基稀釋,作為接種菌液。對小鼠(CBA/JN系、雄性、5週齡)將接種菌液0.05mL經鼻接種使其感染。接種菌量為3.45×104CFU/小鼠或3.90×104CFU/小鼠。自接種翌日起1日1次,將實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物(3、10、30及100mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混
合液)經口投與2日。接種3日後之肺內生菌數(1群5~6例、平均值±標準誤差)如圖3所示。
再者,關於圖3之備註係如以下所述。與媒液之顯著差:Steel檢定*:p<0.05、**:p<0.01;實施例1、式[1]化合物之MIC值為0.12μg/mL;參考例4、式[3]化合物之MIC值為0.03μg/mL
媒液投與群之肺內生菌數為6.94±0.07[log(CFU/肺)]。實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物3、10、30及100mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為6.45±0.18[log(CFU/肺)]、1.30±0.00[log(CFU/肺)]、1.30±0.00[log(CFU/肺)]及1.30±0.00[log(CFU/肺)],實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物10、30及100mg/kg投與群中,肺內生菌數在全部例子係顯示檢測極限值以下,與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。同樣地,將參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物(10、30及100mg/kg)或媒液(0.1mol/L乳糖酸溶液及0.5w/v%碳酸氫鈉溶液之等量混合液)經口投與之結果,接種3日後之肺內生菌數,於媒液投與群為7.03±0.22[log(CFU/肺)]。參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物10、30及100mg/kg投與群之肺內生菌數,分別為5.67±0.38[log(CFU/肺)]、1.30±0.00[log(CFU/肺)]及0.30±0.00[log(CFU/肺)],參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物10、30及100mg/kg投與群與媒液投與群比較,係顯著地減少。惟全部例子中顯示檢測極限值以下者僅有參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物30及100mg/kg投與群。由以上可
知,實施例1之式[1]表示之化合物,顯示較參考例4之式[3]表示之化合物更優良的治療效果。
本發明之化合物或其藥學上容許之鹽,對革蘭氏陽性細菌、革蘭氏陰性細菌或黴漿菌具有強的抗菌活性,特別是對以往的巨環內酯系抗生素中無法得到充分抗菌活性之紅黴素耐性菌(例如耐性肺炎球菌、鏈球菌、及黴漿菌)等亦具有優良的抗菌活性,可利用作為醫藥品。
Claims (3)
- 一種式[1]表示之化合物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或該等之水合物或該等之溶劑合物:
- 一種醫藥組成物,其係含有選自由如請求項1之化合物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或該等之水合物或該等之溶劑合物所成之群的化合物。
- 一種抗菌劑,其係含有選自由如請求項1之化合物或其藥學上容許之鹽、或該等之水合物或該等之溶劑合物所成之群的化合物。
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