TW201542090A - 作爲殺真菌劑之金屬酶抑制劑化合物(一) - Google Patents
作爲殺真菌劑之金屬酶抑制劑化合物(一) Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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Abstract
本發明描述具有金屬酶調節活性之具化學式I之化合物,及治療藉由此等金屬酶調節之其疾病、異常或症狀之方法。
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Description
本申請案主張於2014年4月15日申請之美國臨時專利申請序號第61/979,543號案及2014年9月8日申請之第62/047,368號案之利益,此等案在此被明確併入以供參考。
本發明係有關於作為殺真菌劑之金屬酶抑制劑化合物。
殺真菌劑係作為保護及/或治療植物以抵抗農業上相關真菌造成之損害的天然或合成來源之化合物。一般,無單一殺真菌劑可用於所有情況。因此,研究係不間斷以產生可具有更佳性能,更易使用,且成本更少之殺真菌劑。
本揭露係有關於金屬酶抑制劑及其等作為殺真菌劑之用途。本揭露之化合物可提供保護以抵抗子囊菌類、擔子菌類、不完全菌類,及卵菌類。
本揭露之一實施例可包括具有化學式I之化合物:
其中:Z係選擇性經取代之5-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之4-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之噻唑基、選擇性經取代之唑基、選擇性經取代之3-吡啶基,或選擇性經取代之4-吡啶基;n係0或1;R1係烷基、鹵烷基、芳基,或雜芳基,每一者係選擇性以0、1、2或3個獨立R4取代;R2係芳基、雜芳基芳氧基、雜芳氧基、芳基炔基、雜芳基炔基、芳基烷基、雜芳基烷基、芳基烷氧基、雜芳基烷氧基、芳氧基烷基,或雜芳氧基烷基,其中,每一芳基或雜芳基係選擇性以0、1、2或3個獨立R4取代;R3獨立地係H、烷基、芳基、經取代之芳基、雜芳基、芳基烷基,或雜芳基烷基、-C(O)烷基、-C(O)芳基、-Si(烷基)3,每一者係選擇性以0、1、2或3個獨立R4取代;R4獨立地係芳基、雜芳基、烷基、硫烷基、氰基、氰烷基、鹵烷基、羥基、烷氧基、鹵基、鹵烷氧基、-C(O)烷基、-C(O)OH、-C(O)O烷基、-SCF3、-SF5、-SCN,或SO2(烷基);且
R5-R7係獨立地選自由H、烷基、烷氧基、鹵基,及鹵烷基所組成之族群;附帶條件係當n=1時,Z係1-四唑基或5-嘧啶基。
本揭露之另一實施例可包括用於控制或預防真菌攻擊之一殺真菌劑組成物,其包含上述之化合物及一植物學可接受之載劑材料。
本揭露之另一實施例可包括一種控制或預防於一植物的真菌攻擊之方法,此方法包括使一殺真菌有效量之一或多種上述化合物施用至真菌、植物,及與此植物相鄰之一區域之至少一者的步驟。
熟習此項技藝者會瞭解下列術語可包含於此等之定義內之通稱"R"基團,例如,"術語烷氧基係指一-OR取代基"。亦瞭解於下列術語之定義中,此等"R"基團係被包括以供例示說明之目的,且不應被作為限制而闡釋或受有關於化學式I之取代基所限制。
術語"烷基"係指一分支、未分支,或飽和環狀之碳鏈,不受限地包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、異丙基、異丁基、第三丁基、戊基、己基、環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基等。
術語"烯基"係指含有一或多個雙鍵之一分支、未分支或環狀之碳鏈,不受限地包括乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、異丙烯基、異丁烯基、環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯基等。
術語"炔基"係指含有一或多個三鍵之一分支或
未分支之碳鏈,不受限地包括丙炔基、丁炔基等。
術語"芳基"或“Ar”係指含有0個雜原子之任何芳香族環,單或二環。
術語"雜環"係指含有一或多個雜原子之任何芳香族或非芳香族之環,單或二環。
術語"雜芳基"或“Het”係指含有一或多個雜原子之任何芳香族環,單或二環。
術語"烷氧基"係指一-OR取代基。
術語"芳氧基"係指一-OAr取代基。
術語"雜芳氧基"係指一-OHet取代基。
術語"芳基炔基"係指一-≡-Ar取代基。
術語"雜芳基炔基"係指一-≡-Het取代基。
術語"氰基"係指一-C≡N取代基。
術語"羥基"係指一-OH取代基。
術語"胺基"係指一-NR2取代基。
術語“芳基烷基”係指一-烷基-Ar取代基。
術語“雜芳基烷基”係指一-烷基-Het取代基。
術語"芳基烷氧基"係指-O(CH2)nAr,其中,n係選自1、2、3、4、5,或6之列示的整數。
術語"雜芳基烷氧基"係指-O(CH2)nHet,其中,n係選自1、2、3、4、5,或6之列示的整數。
術語"鹵烷氧基"係指一-OR取代基,其中,R係以Cl、F、Br,或I,或一或多個鹵素原子之任何組合取代。
術語"鹵烷基"係指以一或多個鹵素原子取代之
一烷基。
術語“氰烷基”係指以一氰基基團取代之一烷基。
術語"鹵素"或"鹵基"係指一或多個定義為F、Cl、Br,及I之鹵素原子。
術語"硝基"係指一-NO2取代基。
術語硫烷基係指一-SR取代基。
於本揭露各處,有關於化學式I之化合物亦被讀成包含非對映異構物、對映異構物,及此等之混合物。於另一實施例,化學式I係讀成亦包括其鹽類或水合物類。例示之鹽類不受限地包括:氫氯酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽,及氫碘酸鹽。
除非其它指示,熟習此項技藝者亦瞭解另外之取代係允許的,只要化學鍵結及應變能之規則被滿足且產品仍展現殺真菌活性。
本揭露之另一實施例係化學式I之化合物之用途,其係用於保護一植物抵抗一植物病原生物之攻擊或治療受一植物病原生物感染之一植物,包含使化學式I之一化合物,或包含此化合物之一組成物,施用至土壤、一植物、一植物之一部份、葉子、種籽,及/或根部。
另外,本揭露之另一實施例係可用於保護一植物抵抗一植物病原生物攻擊及/或治療受一植物病原生物感染之一植物之一種組成物,其包含化學式I之一化合物及一植物學可接受之載劑材料。
本揭露之化合物可藉由任何各種不同之已知技術,以化合物或包含此等化合物之調配物施用。例如,化合物可於不損及植物之商業價植施用至植物之種籽、根部,或葉子,以控制各種不同直菌。材料可以任何一般使用之調配物型式的型式施用,例如,以溶液、粉塵、可弄濕之粉末、可流動之濃縮物,或可乳化之濃縮物。
較佳地,本揭露之化合物係以包含一或多種化學式I之化合物與一植物學可接受之載劑的一調配物之型式施用。濃縮調配物可分散於供施用之水或其它液體中,或調配物可為粉塵狀或顆粒狀,其可於無進一步處理下施用。調配物可依據於農業化學技藝中傳統之程序製備。
本揭露想到藉此可使一或多種化合物調配成供遞送及作為一殺真菌劑之所有賦形劑。典型上,調配物係以水性懸浮液或乳化液施用。此等懸浮液或乳化液可自為固體,通常稱為可弄濕之粉末;或液體,通常稱為可乳化之濃縮物、水性懸浮液,或懸浮液濃縮物之水可溶、水可懸浮,或一可乳化之調配物製備。如可輕易瞭解般,可添加此等化合物之任何材料可被使用,只要其產生期望用途且不會顯著干擾此等化合物作為抗真菌劑之活性。
可被密實化形成水可分散的顆粒之可弄濕粉末
包含一或多種化學式I之化合物、一惰性載劑及界面活性劑之一緻密混合物。以可弄濕粉末之總重量為基準,化合物於可弄濕粉末中之濃度可為從約10重量%至約90重量%,更佳係約25重量%至約75重量%。於製備可弄濕粉末調配物,化合物可與諸如葉蠟石、滑石、白堊、石膏、富勒氏土、皂土、厄帖浦土、澱粉、乳酪素、麩素、蒙脫土黏土、矽藻土、經純化之矽酸鹽等之任何細碎固體混練。於此等操砟,細碎載劑及界面活性劑典型上係與化合物摻合及研磨。
化學式I之化合物的可乳化濃縮物可包含一方便濃度,諸如,以濃縮物總重量為基準,從約1重量%至約50重量%之呈一適當液體的化合物。化合物可溶於一惰性載劑,其係一水可混溶之溶劑或水不可混溶之有機溶劑與乳化劑之一混合物。濃縮物可以水及油稀釋,形成呈水中油(oil-in-water)乳化液之型式的噴灑混合物。有用之有機溶劑包括芳香族化合物,特別是石油之高沸點之萘及烯烴部份,諸如,重芳香族石腦油。其它有機溶劑亦可被使用,例如,萜溶劑,包括松香衍生物,脂族酮類,諸如,環己酮,及複合式醇類,諸如,2-乙氧基乙醇。
可於此處有利地使用之乳化劑可由熟習此項技藝者輕易判定,且包括各種非離子性、陰離子性、陽離子性,及兩性之乳化劑,或二或更多種乳化劑之一摻合物。可用於製備可乳化濃縮物之非離子性乳化劑的例子包括聚烯烴二醇醚類,及烷基及芳基酚類、脂族醇類、脂族胺類
或脂肪酸類與環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷類之縮合產物,諸如,以多元醇或聚氧化烯溶解之乙氧基化烷基酚類及羧酸酯。陽離子性乳化劑包括四級銨化合物及脂肪胺鹽類。陰離子性乳化劑包括烷基芳基磺酸之油可溶的鹽類(例如,鈣)、硫酸鹽化聚二醇醚類之油可溶的鹽類,及磷酸鹽化聚二醇醚之適當鹽類。
可用於製備本揭露之化合物之可乳化濃縮物的代表性有機液體係芳香族液體,諸如,二甲苯、丙基苯分餾物;或混合之萘分餾物、礦物油、經取代之芳香族有機液體,諸如,酞酸二辛酯;煤油;各種脂肪酸之二烷基醯胺類,特別是脂肪二醇類及二醇衍生物(諸如,二乙二醇之正丁醚、乙醚或甲醚,三乙二醇之甲醚)之二甲基醯胺,石油分餾物或烴類,諸如,礦物油、芳香族溶劑、石蠟油等;蔬菜油類,諸如,大豆油、菜籽油、橄欖油、蓖麻油、葵花籽油、椰子油、玉米油、棉籽油、亞麻仁油、棕櫚油、花生油、紅花油、芝麻油、桐油等;上述蔬菜油之酯類等。二或更多種有機液體之混合物亦可被用以製備可乳化濃縮物。有機液體包括二甲苯,及丙基苯分餾物,且二甲苯於某些情況係最佳。表面活性分散劑典型上用於液體調配物,且以分散劑與一或多種化合物之混合重量為基準,係從0.1至20重量%之量。調配物亦可含有其它可相容之添加劑,例如,用於農業之植物生長調節劑及其它生物活性化合物。
水性懸浮液包含,以水性懸浮液總重量為基準,
以範圍從約1至約50重量%之濃度分散於一水性賦形劑的一或多種化學式I之水可溶的合物之懸浮液。懸浮液係藉由研磨一或多種化合物,及使經研磨之材料劇烈混合於包含水及選自如上探討之相同型式之界面活性劑的一賦形劑中而製備。諸如無機鹽類及合成或天然膠類之其它組份亦可被添加以增加水性賦形劑之密度及黏度。
化學式I之化合物亦可以顆粒調配物施用,其係特別有用於施用至土壤。以顆粒調配物總重量為基準,顆粒調配物一般含有從約0.5至約10重量%之化合物,其係分散於完全或大部份由粗碎惰性材料(諸如,厄帖浦土、皂土、矽藻土、黏土,或一相似不昂貴物質)所組成之一情性載劑中。此等調配物通常係藉由使化合物溶於一適合溶劑,及使其施用至預先形成範圍從約0.5至約3mm之適當顆粒尺寸之一顆粒載劑而製備。一適合溶劑係化合物可實質上或完全溶解之一溶劑。此等調配物亦可藉由製造載劑及化合物與溶劑之麵團狀物或糊料,及粉碎與乾燥獲得期望之粒狀顆粒而製備。
含有化學式I之化合物的粉塵可藉由使一或多種呈粉末型式之化合物與一適合之粉塵狀農業載劑(諸如,高嶺土、經研磨之火山岩等)緻密地混合而製備。以粉塵總重量為基準,粉塵可適當地含有從約1至約10重量%之此等化合物。
調配物可另外含有佐劑性界面活性劑,以增強化合物於目標作物及生物上之沉積、濕化及滲透。此等佐劑
性界面活性劑可選擇性以調配物之一組份或以一槽式混合物使用。以水之噴灑體積為基準,佐劑性界面活性劑之量典型上會於從0.01至1.0體積%作改變,較佳係0.05至0.5體積%。適合之佐劑性界面活性劑不受限地包括經乙氧基化之壬基酚類、經乙氧基化之合成或天然醇類、磺基琥珀酸酯類之鹽類、經乙氧基化之有機矽氧烷、經乙氧基化之脂肪胺類、界面活性劑與礦物或蔬菜油之摻合物、作物油濃縮物(礦物油(85%)+乳化劑(15%));壬基酚乙氧化物;苯甲基椰脂烷基二甲基四級銨鹽;石油烴、烷酯、有機酸,及陰離子性界面活性劑之摻合物;C9-C11烷基聚莆;經磷酸鹽化之醇乙氧化物;天然一級醇(C12-C16)乙氧化物;二第二丁基酚EO-PO嵌段共聚物;聚矽氧烷-甲基封端;壬基酚乙氧化物+尿素硝酸銨;經乳化甲基化之籽油;十三醇(合成)乙氧化物(8EO);牛脂胺乙氧化物(15 EO);PEG(400)二油酸酯-99。調配物亦可含有水中油乳化液,諸如,於美國專利申請案序號第11/495,228號案中揭露者,此案之揭露在此被明確併入以供參考。
調配物可選擇性包括含有其它殺蟲化合物之組合物。此等另外之殺蟲化合物可為於選擇以供施用之介質可與本揭露之化合物相容且對於本化合物之活性無敵對之殺真菌劑、殺昆蟲劑、除草劑、殺線蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺節肢動物劑、殺細菌劑,或此等之組合。因此,於此等實施例,其它殺蟲化合物係作為用於相同或不同殺蟲用途之一補充毒劑。組合物中的化學式I之化合物及殺蟲化合物一般
可以從1:100至100:1之重量比率存在。
本揭露之化合物亦可與其它殺真菌劑組合形成其殺真菌混合物及協同作用混合物。本揭露之殺真菌化合物通常係與一或多種其它殺真菌劑結合施用,以控制更廣泛之各種非意欲疾病。當與其它殺真菌劑結合使用時,本案請求之化合物可與其它殺真菌劑作調配,與其它殺真菌劑作槽式混合,或與其它殺真菌劑依序施用。此等其它殺真菌劑可包括2-(氰硫基甲硫基)-苯并噻唑、2-苯基酚、8-羥基喹啉硫酸鹽、嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、安美速(amisulbrom)、抗黴素(antimycin)、白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)、氧環唑(azaconazole)、亞托敏(azoxystrobin)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、枯草桿菌株QST713、本達樂(benalaxyl)、免賴得(benomyl)、異丙基苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、苯甲基胺基苯磺酸鹽(BABS)、碳酸氫鹽類、聯苯、葉枯唑(bismerthiazol)、比多農(bitertanol)、N-(3’,4’-二氯-5-氟聯苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲醯胺(bixafen)、保米黴素(blasticidin-S)、硼砂、波爾多(Bordeaux)混合液、白克列(boscalid)、溴克座(bromuconazole)、布瑞莫(bupirimate)、多硫化鈣、四氯丹(captafol)、蓋普丹(captan)、貝芬替(carbendazim)、萎鏽靈(carboxin)、加普胺(carpropamid)、香旱芹酮(carvone)、甲氧苯唳菌(chlazafenone)、二氯甲氧苯(chloroneb)、四氯異苯腈(chlorothalonil)、克氯得(chlozolinate)、微坦盾殼黴
(Coniothyrium minitans)、氫氧化銅、辛酸銅、氧氯化銅、硫酸銅、硫酸銅(三元)、氧化亞銅、賽座滅(cyazofamid)、賽芬胺(cyflufenamid)、克絕(cymoxanil)、環克座(cyproconazole)、賽普洛(cyprodinil)、邁隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、乙撐雙-(二硫代氨基甲酸)聯銨、益發靈(dichlofluanid)、二氯酚(dichlorophen)、雙氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、達滅淨(diclomezine)、氯硝胺(dichloran)、乙黴威(diethofencarb)、待克利(difenoconazole)、待克利(difenoconazole)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、達滅芬(dimethomorph)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、達克利(diniconazole)、達克利-M、大脫蟎(dinobuton)、白粉克(dinocap)、二苯胺、腈硫醌(dithianon)、嗎菌靈(dodemorph)、嗎菌靈乙酸鹽、多寧(dodine)、多寧自由鹼、護粒松(edifenphos)、烯肟菌酯(enestrobin)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、依普座(epoxiconazole)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、乙氧基喹啉(ethoxyquin)、依得利(etridiazole)、凡殺同(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、芬瑞莫(fenarimol)、芬克座(fenbuconazole)、甲呋醯胺(fenfuram)、環醯菌胺(fenhexamid)、芬諾尼(fenoxanil)、拌種咯(fenpiclonil)、苯鏽啶(fenpropidin)、芬普福(fenpropimorph)、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、三苯錫(fentin)、三苯錫乙酸鹽、三苯錫氫氧化物、富爾邦(ferbam)、富米綜(ferimzone)、扶吉胺(fluazinam)、護汰寧(fludioxonil)、氟嗎啉(flumorph)、氟比來(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌醯胺(fluopyram)、氟里醚
(fluoroimide)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、護矽得(flusilazole)、氟硫滅(flusulfamide)、(Z)-[3-(2-甲氧苯基)-1,3-四氫噻唑-2-亞基](α,α,α,4-四氟-間甲苯硫)乙腈(flutianil)、福多寧(flutolanil)、護汰芬(flutriafol)、氟唑菌醯胺(fluxapyroxad)、福爾培(folpet)、甲醛、三乙膦酸(fosetyl)、福賽得(fosetyl-aluminium)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、呋霜靈(furalaxyl)、福拉比(furametpyr)、雙胍辛(guazatine)、雙胍辛乙酸鹽、GY-81、六氯苯、菲克利(hexaconazole)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、依滅列(imazalil)、依滅列硫酸鹽、易胺座(imibenconazole)、克熱淨(iminoctadine)、克熱淨三乙酸鹽、克熱淨烷苯磺酸鹽、3-碘-2-丙基丁基胺基甲酸酯(iodocarb)、種菌唑(ipconazole)、依芬吡唑酮(ipfenpyrazolone)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、依普同(iprodione)、異丙菌威(iprovalicarb)、亞賜圃(isoprothiolane)、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[1,2,3,4-四氫-9-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-亞甲基萘-5-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺(isopyrazam)、異噻菌胺(isotianil)、嘉賜黴菌(kasugamycin)、嘉賜黴菌氫氯酸鹽水合物、克收欣(kresoxim-甲基)、昆布多糖(laminarin)、代森錳銅(mancopper)、鋅錳乃浦(mancozeb)、曼普胺(mandipropamid)、錳乃浦(maneb)、右滅達樂(mefenoxam)、滅派林(mepanipyrim)、滅普寧(mepronil)、敵蟎普(meptyl-dinocap)、氯化汞、氧化汞、氯化亞汞、滅達樂(metalaxyl)、滅達樂-M、斯美地(metam)、斯美地銨鹽、斯美地鉀鹽、斯美地鈉鹽、滅特座(metconazole)、滅速克
(methasulfocarb)、碘甲烷、異硫氰酸甲酯、免得爛(metiram)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、滅芬農(metrafenone)、米多黴素(mildiomycin)、邁克尼(myclobutanil)、代森鈉(nabam)、酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、尼瑞莫(nuarimol)、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、油酸(脂肪酸類)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、毆殺斯(oxadixyl)、快得寧(oxine-copper)、惡咪唑福馬酸鹽、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、披扶座(pefurazoate)、平克座(penconazole)、賓克隆(pencycuron)、戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、五氯酚、月桂酸五氯苯酯、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、乙酸苯汞、膦酸、熱必斯(phthalide)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、保粒黴素B(polyoxin B)、保粒黴素、保粒黴素丁(polyoxorim)、碳酸氫鉀、羥基喹啉硫酸鉀、撲殺熱(probenazole)、撲克拉(prochloraz)、撲滅寧(procymidone)、霜黴威(propamocarb)、普拔克(propamocarb hydrochloride)、普克利(propiconazole)、甲基鋅乃浦(propineb)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、白粉松(pyrazophos)、甲基{2-氯-5-[(1E)-1-(6-甲基-2-吡啶基甲氧亞胺基)乙基]芐基}胺基甲酸酯(pyribencarb)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、比芬諾(pyrifenox)、派美尼(pyrimethanil)、(5-氯-2-甲氧基-4-甲基-3-吡啶基)(4,5,6-三甲氧基-鄰甲苯基)甲酮(pyriofenone)、百快隆(pyroquilon)、莫克草(quinoclamine)、快諾芬(quinoxyfen)、五氯硝苯(quintozene)、
大虎杖(Reynoutria sachalinensis)萃取物、N-[2-[1,1’-雙環丙基]-2-基苯基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺(sedaxane)、矽噻菌胺(silthiofam)、矽氟唑(simeconazole)、2-苯基苯氧化鈉、碳酸氫鈉、五氯苯氧化鈉、螺環菌胺(spiroxamine)、硫、SYP-Z048、焦油類、得克利(tebuconazole)、6-三級丁基-8-氟-2,3-二甲基-4-喹啉乙酸(tebufloquin)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、四克利(tetraconazole)、腐絕(thiabendazole)、賽氟滅(thifluzamide)、甲基多保淨(thiophanate-甲基)、得恩地(thiram)、噻醯菌胺(tiadinil)、脫克松(tolclofos-甲基)、甲基益發靈(tolylfluanid)、三泰芬(triadimefon)、三泰隆(triadimenol)、三挫磷(triazoxide)、三賽唑(tricyclazole)、三得芬(tridemorph)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、賽福座(triflumizole)、賽福寧(triforine)、滅菌唑(triticonazole)、維利黴素(validamycin)、N-[(1-甲基乙氧基)羰基]-L-纈胺醯基-3-(4-氯苯基)-β-胺基丙酸甲酯(valifenalate)、維利非那(valiphenal)、免克寧(vinclozolin)、鋅乃浦(zineb)、福美鋅(ziram)、座賽胺(zoxamide)、假絲酵母(Candida oleophila)、尖鐮胞菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黏帚黴素(Gliocladium spp.)、大伏革菌(Phlebiopsis gigantean)、淺灰綠鏈黴菌(Streptomyces griseoviridis)、木黴菌(Trichoderma spp.)、(RS)-N-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(甲氧基甲基)-琥珀醯亞胺、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四氟丙酮水合物、1-氯-2,4-二硝基萘、1-氯-2-硝基丙烷、2-(2-十七烷基-2-咪唑啉-1-基)乙醇、2,3-二氫-5-苯基-1,4-二硫雜己環并
1,1,4,4-四氧化物、乙酸2-甲氧基乙基汞、氯化2-甲氧基乙基汞、矽酸2-甲氧基乙基汞、3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基若丹林、4-(2-硝基丙-1-烯基)苯基 硫氰酸酯、1-胺基丙基磷酸(ampropylfos)、敵菌靈(anilazine)、塞侖(azithiram)、多硫化鋇、拜耳(Bayer)32394、麥鏽靈(benodanil)、醌肟腙(benquinox)、1-(1,3-苯並噻唑-2-基)-異丙基尿素(bentaluron)、2-甲基丙基-2-氰基-3-[甲基(苯基甲基)氨基]-2-丙烯酸酯(benzamacril);2-甲基丙基-2-氰基-3-[甲基(苯基甲基)氨基]-2-丙烯酸異丁酯、抑菌啉(benzamorf)、百蟎克(binapacryl)、硫酸雙(甲基汞)、氧化雙(三丁基錫、得滅多(buthiobate)、鎘鈣銅鋅鉻酸鹽硫酸鹽、嗎菌威(carbamorph)、CECA、克氯綜(chlobenthiazone)、雙胺靈(chloraniformethan)、2-(2-氯苯基)-1H-苯并咪唑(chlorfenazole)、四氯喹啉(chlorquinox)、甘寶素(climbazole)、雙(3-苯基水楊酸)銅、鉻酸銅鋅、銅合浦單劑(cufraneb)、硫酸亞銅肼、福美銅氯(cuprobam)、環菌胺(cyclafuramid)、伏賜丁(cypendazole)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、癸磷錫(decafentin)、二氯萘醌(dichlone)、賜克滅(dichlozoline)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazol)、二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)、敵蟎消(dinocton)、硝辛酯殺蟎劑(dinosulfon)、硝丁酯(dinoterbon)、雙硫氧吡啶(dipyrithione)、普得松(ditalimfos)、多地辛(dodicin)、肼菌酮(drazoxolon)、EBP、ESBP、乙環唑(etaconazole)、益地安(etem)、乙啼酷(ethirim)、敵磺鈉(fenaminosulf)、咪菌腈(fenapanil)、種衣酯(fenitropan)、三氟苯唑(fluotrimazole)、二甲呋醯胺
(furcarbanil)、呋菌唑(furconazole)、順式呋菌唑、拌種胺(furmecyclox)、呋甲硫菌靈(furophanate)、2-十七烷基-2-咪唑乙酸酯(glyodine)、灰黃黴素(griseofulvin)、丙烯酸喹啉酯(halacrinate)、海克力士(Hercules)3944、(RS)-(O-環己基O,S-二乙基硫代磷酸酯)(hexylthiofos)、ICIA0858、壬氧磷胺(isopamphos)、3-(3,5-二氯苯基)-1-異戊醯基乙內醯脲(isovaledione)、巴斯丹(mebenil)、苯并威(mecarbinzid)、間氯敵菌酮(metazoxolon)、呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、雙氰安甲基汞、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、代森環(milneb)、粘氯酸酐、滅克寧(myclozolin)、N-3,5-二氯苯基-琥珀醯亞胺、N-3-硝苯基衣糠醯亞胺、納他黴素(natamycin)、N-乙基汞基-4-甲苯磺醯苯胺、雙(二甲基二硫氨基甲酸)鎳、OCH、二甲基二硫氨基甲酸苯基汞、硝酸苯基汞、氯瘟磷(phosdiphen)、胺丙威(prothiocarb);胺丙威氫氯酸鹽、賜加落(pyracarbolid)、雙滴保(pyridinitril)、氯甲氧吡啶(pyroxychlor)、氯吡根呋醚(pyroxyfur)、喹烯酮(quinacetol);喹烯酮硫酸鹽、醌菌腙(quinazamid)、喹克座(quinconazole)、吡咪唑(rabenzazole)、水楊醯苯胺(salicylanilide)、SSF-109、戊苯碸(sultropen)、福美雙聯(tecoram)、N,N’-[3-(4-氯苯基)-2-(甲亞胺)-4,5-四氫噻唑二亞基]雙[1,1,1-三氟甲胺](thiadifluor)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、硫氯苯亞胺(thiochlorfenphim)、多保淨(thiophanate)、克殺蟎(thioquinox)、5-異硫氰酸-N,N,3-三甲基-o-對甲氧苯甲醯胺(tioxymid)、三唑磷胺(triamiphos)、嘧菌醇(triarimol)、丁三唑(triazbutil)、水楊菌胺(trichlamide)、
福美甲胂(urbacide)、氰菌胺(zarilamid),及此等之任何組合。
另外,此處所述之化合物可與於選供施用之介質中可與本揭露之化合物相容,且對於用以形成殺蟲混合物及其協同作用混合物之本化合物的活性不具對抗性之包含殺昆蟲劑、殺線蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺節肢動物劑、殺細菌劑或此等之組合的其它殺蟲劑組合。本揭露之殺真菌化合物可與一或多種其它殺蟲劑結合施用,以控制更廣泛之各種非所欲之害蟲。當與其它殺蟲劑結合使用時,本請求化合物可與其它殺蟲劑調配,與其它殺蟲劑槽式混合,或與其它殺蟲劑依序施用。典型之殺昆蟲劑不受限地包含:1,2-二氯丙烷、阿巴汀(abamectin)、毆殺松(acephate)、亞滅培(acetamiprid)、家蠅磷(acethion)、乙醯蟲腈(acetoprole)、阿納寧(acrinathrin)、丙烯腈、棉鈴威(alanycarb)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、阿特靈(aldrin)、亞列寧(allethrin)、阿洛胺菌素(allosamidin)、除害威(allyxycarb)、α-賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、α-蛻皮激素、α-安殺番(endosulfan)、賽硫磷(amidithion)、滅害威(aminocarb)、阿米通(amiton)、草酸阿米通、三亞蟎(amitraz)、毒藜鹼、乙基殺撲磷(athidathion)、印楝素、亞滅松(azamethiphos)、乙基谷速松(azinphos)、甲基谷速松、偶氮磷(azothoate)、六氟矽酸鋇、椒菊酯、免敵克(bendiocarb)、免扶克(benfuracarb)、免速達(bensultap)、β-賽扶寧(cyfluthrin)、β-賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、畢芬寧(bifenthrin)、百亞列寧(bioallethrin)、苄呋烯菊酯
(bioethanomethrin)、生物氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、雙三氟蟲脲(bistrifluron)、硼砂、硼酸、溴苯烯磷(bromfenvinfos)、保滿丹(bromocyclen)、溴-滴滴涕(DDT)、溴磷松(bromophos)、乙基溴磷松、必克蝨(bufencarb)、布芬淨(buprofezin)、畜蟲威(butacarb)、佈伏斯(butathiofos)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、布托酯(butonate)、丁酮碸威(butoxycarboxim)、硫線磷(cadusafos)、砷酸鈣、多硫化鈣、毒殺芬(camphechlor)、氯滅殺威(carbanolate)、胺甲(carbaryl)、加保扶(carbofuran)、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、加芬松(carbophenothion)、丁基加保扶(carbosulfan)、培丹(cartap)、培丹氫氯酸鹽、剋安勃(chlorantraniliprole)、冰片丹(chlorbicyclen)、可氯丹(chlordane)、十氯酮、氯苯甲脒(chlordimeform)、氯苯甲脒氫氯酸鹽、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、克凡派(chlorfenapyr)、氯芬松(chlorfenvinphos)、克福隆(chlorfluazuron)、氯甲磷(chlormephos)、氯仿、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、氯辛硫磷(chlorphoxim)、滅蟲吡啶(chlorprazophos)、陶斯松(chlorpyrifos)、甲基陶斯松、克硫松(chlorthiophos)、可芬諾(chromafenozide)、第I型瓜菊酯、第II型瓜菊酯、瓜菊酯類、順式苄呋菊酯、除線威(cloethocarb)、氯氰碘柳胺(closantel)、可尼丁(clothianidin)、乙醯亞砷酸銅、砷酸銅、萘酸銅、油酸銅、蠅毒磷(coumaphos)、畜蟲磷(coumithoate)、克羅米通(crotamiton)、丁烯磷(crotoxyphos)、育畜磷(crufomate)、冰晶石、施力松(cyanofenphos)、氰乃松(cyanophos)、果蟲磷(cyanthoate)、氰蟲醯胺
(cyantraniliprole)、環戊烯菊酯、乙氰菊酯、賽扶寧(cyfluthrin)、賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、賽芬寧(cyphenothrin)、賽滅淨(cyromazine)、賽滅磷(cythioate)、滴滴涕(DDT)、去甲基克百威(decarbofuran)、第滅寧(deltamethrin)、甲基滅賜松(demephion)、甲基滅賜松-O、甲基滅賜松-S、內吸磷(demeton)、甲基內吸磷、內吸磷-O、甲基內吸磷-O、內吸磷-S、滅賜松(Demeton-S-methyl)、滅賜松碸、汰芬隆(diafenthiuron)、得拉松(dialifos)、矽藻土、大利松(diazinon)、異氯磷(dicapthon)、除線磷(dichlofenthion)、二氯松(dichlorvos)、甲苯酚基胺甲酸甲酯(dicresyl)、雙特松(dicrotophos)、環蟲腈(dicyclanil)、地特靈(dieldrin)、二福隆(diflubenzuron)、二羥丙茶鹼(dilor)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)、甲氟磷(dimefox)、地麥威(dimetan)、大滅松(dimethoate)、苄菊酯(dimethrin)、二甲基亞硝胺(dimethylvinphos)、敵蠅威(dimetilan)、消蟎酚(dinex)、消蟎酚二環己銨鹽、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)、達特南(dinotefuran)、苯蟲醚(diofenolan)、殺力松(dioxabenzofos)、二氧威(dioxacarb)、大克松(dioxathion)、二硫松(disulfoton)、3,4-二氯-N-(2-氰基苯基)-5-異噻唑甲醯胺(dithicrofos)、d-檸檬烯、DNOC、DNOC-銨鹽、DNOC-鉀鹽、DNOC-鈉鹽、多滅蟲(doramectin)、蛻皮甾酮(ecdysterone)、因滅汀(emamectin)、因滅汀苯甲酸鹽、EMPC、益避寧(empenthrin)、安殺番(endosulfan)、因毒磷(endothion)、安特靈(endrin)、EPN、保幼醚(epofenonane)、乙醯胺基阿
維菌素(eprinomectin)、富右旋反式丙烯菊酯(esdépalléthrine)、益化利(esfenvalerate)、(RS)-[O-2,4-二氯苯基O-乙基S-硫代磷酸丙基酯](etaphos)、愛芬克(ethiofencarb)、愛殺松(ethion)、乙蟲腈(ethiprole)、益硫磷(ethoate-methyl)、普伏松(ethoprophos)、甲酸乙酯、乙基-DDD、二溴化乙烯、二氯化乙烯、環氧乙烷、依芬寧(etofenprox)、益多松(etrimfos)、EXD、胺磺磷(famphur)、芬滅松(fenamiphos)、抗蟎唑(fenazaflor)、樂乃松(fenchlorphos)、芬硫克(fenethacarb)、五氟苯菊酯(fenfluthrin)、撲滅松(fenitrothion)、丁基滅必蝨(fenobucarb)、N-(3,4-二氯苯基)六氫-1,3-二甲基-2,4,6-三側氧-5-嘧啶甲醯胺(fenoxacrim)、芬諾克(fenoxycarb)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpirithrin)、芬普寧(fenpropathrin)、繁福松(fensulfothion)、芬殺松(fenthion)、乙基芬殺松、芬化利(fenvalerate)、芬普尼(fipronil)、氟尼胺(flonicamid)、氟蟲醯胺(flubendiamide)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucofuron)、氟蟎脲(flucycloxuron)、護賽寧(flucythrinate)、嘧蟲胺(flufenerim)、氟芬隆(flufenoxuron)、三氟醚菊酯(flufenprox)、福化利(fluvalinate)、大福松(fonofos)、覆滅蟎(formetanate)、覆滅蟎氫氯酸鹽、福木松(formothion)、藻蟎威(formparanate)、藻蟎威氫氯酸鹽、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)、甲基氯吡磷(fospirate)、丁硫環磷(fosthietan)、呋喃蟲醯肼(fufenozide)、呋線威(furathiocarb)、糠醛菊酯(furethrin)、γ-賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、γ-HCH、合芬寧(halfenprox)、合芬隆(halofenozide)、HCH、HEOD、飛
佈達(heptachlor)、飛達松(heptenophos)、速殺硫磷(heterophos)、六伏隆(hexaflumuron)、HHDN、愛美隆(hydramethylnon)、氰化氫、烯蟲乙酯(hydroprene)、5,6,7,8-四氫-2-甲基-4-喹啉基胺甲酸二甲酯(hyquincarb)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、依普寧(imiprothrin)、因得克(indoxacarb)、碘甲烷、IPSP、依殺松(isazofos)、碳氯靈(isobenzan)、水胺硫磷(isocarbophos)、異氯甲橋(isodrin)、亞芬松(isofenphos)、甲基亞芬松、滅必蝨(isoprocarb)、亞賜圃(isoprothiolane)、獲賜松(isothioate)、加褔松(isoxathion)、依維菌素(ivermectin)、第I型茉酮菊酯、第II型茉酮菊酯、護粒松(jodfenphos)、第I型青春激素、第II型青春激素、第III型青春激素、氯戊環(kelevan)、烯蟲炔酯(kinoprene)、λ-賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、砷酸鉛、里琵菌素(lepimectin)、福賜松(leptophos)、靈丹(lindane)、丙嘧硫磷(lirimfos)、祿芬隆(lufenuron)、噻唑磷(lythidathion)、馬拉松(malathion)、特蟎腈(malonoben)、疊氮磷(mazidox)、滅加松(mecarbam)、四甲磷(mecarphon)、美納松(menazon)、美福松(mephosfolan)、氯化亞汞、倍硫磷亞碸(mesulfenfos)、美氟綜(metaflumizone)、滅克松(methacrifos)、達馬松(methamidophos)、滅大松(methidathion)、滅賜克(methiocarb)、殺蟲乙烯磷(methocrotophos)、納乃得(methomyl)、美賜平(methoprene)、甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor)、滅芬諾(methoxyfenozide)、溴甲烷、異硫氰酸甲酯、甲氯仿、二氯甲烷、美特寧(metofluthrin)、治
滅蝨(metolcarb)、蟲酮(metoxadiazone)、美文松(mevinphos)、治克威(mexacarbate)、密滅汀(milbemectin)、倍脈心(milbemycin oxime)、丙胺氟磷(mipafox)、滅蟻樂(mirex)、殺蟲單(molosultap)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、殺蟲單(monomehypo)、殺蟲單(monosultap)、茂硫磷(morphothion)、莫西菌素(moxidectin)、萘肽磷(naftalofos)、乃力松(naled)、萘、尼古丁、伏蟻靈(nifluridide)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、硝乙脲噻唑(nithiazine)、戊氰威(nitrilacarb)、諾伐隆(novaluron)、多氟脲(noviflumuron)、歐滅松(omethoate)、歐殺滅(oxamyl)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、異亞碸磷(oxydeprofos)、碸拌磷(oxydisulfoton)、對-二氯苯、巴拉松(parathion)、甲基巴拉松、氟幼脲(penfluron)、五氯酚、百滅寧(permethrin)、芬硫磷(phenkapton)、酚丁滅寧(phenothrin)、賽達松(phenthoate)、福瑞松(phorate)、裕必松(phosalone)、硫環磷(phosfolan)、益滅松(phosmet)、對氯硫磷(phosnichlor)、福賜米松(phosphamidon)、膦、巴賽松(phoxim)、甲基巴賽松、2-(二乙基胺基)-6-甲基-4-嘧啶基甲基甲基胺基磷酸酯(pirimetaphos)、比加普(pirimicarb)、必滅松(pirimiphos-ethyl)、亞特松(pirimiphos-methyl)、亞砷酸鉀、硫氰化鉀、4,4-滴滴涕(pp’-DDT)、普亞烈寧(prallethrin)、第I型早熟素、第II型早熟素、第III型早熟素、乙醯嘧啶磷(primidophos)、佈飛松(profenofos)、環丙氟靈(profluralin)、蜱虱威(promacyl)、普滅克(promecarb)、加護松(propaphos)、撲達松(propetamphos)、安丹(propoxur)、乙噻唑磷
(prothidathion)、普硫松(prothiofos)、飛克松(prothoate)、4-[4-(4-氯苯基)-4-環丙丁基]-1-氟-2-苯氧基苯(protrifenbute)、白克松(pyraclofos)、1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(氟甲基)硫代]-5-[(吡基甲基)胺基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(pyrafluprole)、白粉松(pyrazophos)、5-苄基-3-呋喃基甲基(E)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-甲氧羰基丙-1-烯基)-2,2-二甲基環丙烷羧酸酯(pyresmethrin)、第I型除蟲菊精、第II型除蟲菊精、除蟲菊精類、畢達本(pyridaben)、啶蟲丙醚(pyridalyl)、必芬松(pyridaphenthion)、1-乙醯基-1,2,3,4-四氫-3-[(3-吡啶基甲基)胺基]-6-[1,2,2,2-四氟-1-(三氟甲基)乙基]喹唑啉-2-酮(pyrifluquinazon)、畢汰芬(pyrimidifen)、嘧硫磷(pyrimitate)、1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-[(二氟甲基)硫代]-5-[(2-吡啶基甲基)胺基]-1H-吡唑-3-甲腈(pyriprole)、百利普芬(pyriproxyfen)、苦木(quassia)、拜裕松(quinalphos)、甲基拜裕松、畜寧磷(quinothion)、碘醚柳胺(rafoxanide)、列滅寧(resmethrin)、魚藤酮、蘭尼汀(ryania)、藜蘆鹼、八甲焦磷醯胺(schradan)、色拉菌素、矽護芬(silafluofen)、矽膠劑、亞砷酸鈉、氟化鈉、六氟矽酸鈉、硫氰酸鈉、蘇硫磷(sophamide)、賜諾特(spinetoram)、賜諾殺(spinosad)、螺甲蟎酯(spiromesifen)、螺蟲乙酯(spirotetramat)、5-氯-2-[4-氯-2-[[[(3,4-二氯苯基)胺基]羰基]苯氧基]苯磺酸(sulcofuron)、5-氯-2-[4-氯-2-[[[(3,4-二氯苯基)胺基]羰基]苯氧基]苯磺酸鈉、氟蟲胺(sulfluramid)、治螟磷(sulfotep)、氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)、磺醯氟、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、τ-
福化利(fluvalinate)、噻蟎威(tazimcarb)、TDE、得芬諾(tebufenozide)、得芬瑞(tebufenpyrad)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、得福隆(teflubenzuron)、汰福寧(tefluthrin)、亞培松(temephos)、TEPP、環戊烯丙菊酯(terallethrin)、托福松(terbufos)、四氯乙烷、樂本松(tetrachlorvinphos)、治滅寧(tetramethrin)、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、θ-賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、苯噻乙硫磷(thicrofos)、抗蟲威(thiocarboxime)、硫賜安(thiocyclam)、硫賜安草酸鹽、硫敵克(thiodicarb)、硫伐隆(thiofanox)、硫滅松(thiometon)、殺蟲雙(thiosultap)、殺蟲雙二鈉、殺蟲雙單鈉、蘇力菌素(thuringiensin)、脫芬瑞(tolfenpyrad)、泰滅寧(tralomethrin)、拜富寧(transfluthrin)、反式百滅寧(transpermethrin)、三苯噻蟎吩(triarathene)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、三落松(triazophos)、三氯松(trichlorfon)、樂乃松(trichlormetaphos)-3、毒壤膦(trichloronat)、三氯丙氧磷(trifenofos)、三福隆(triflumuron)、混殺威(trimethacarb)、烯蟲硫酯、繁米松(vamidothion)、(E)-1-(2,6-二氯-α,α,α-三氟-對甲苯基)-5-(4-羥基-3-甲氧苯亞甲基胺基)-4-三氟甲基硫吡唑-3-甲腈(vaniliprole)、XMC、滅爾蝨(xylylcarb)、ζ-賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、O-乙基S-[(3-甲基-5-異唑基)甲基]S-二硫代磷酸丙酯(zolaprofos),及此等之任何組合。
另外,此處所述之化合物可與於選供施用之介質中可與本揭露之化合物相容,且對於用以形成殺蟲混合物
及其協同作用混合物之本化合物的活性不具對抗性之除草劑組合。本揭露之殺真菌化合物可與一或多種除草劑結合使用,以控制廣泛之各種非所欲的植物。當與除草劑結合使用時,本請求化合物可與除草劑調配,與除草劑槽式混合,或與除草劑依序施用。典型除草劑不受限地包含:4-CPA;4-CPB;4-CPP;2,4-D;3,4-DA;2,4-DB;3,4-DB;2,4-DEB;2,4-DEP;3,4-DP;2,3,6-TBA;2,4,5-T;2,4,5-TB;乙草胺(acetochlor)、亞喜芬(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、丙烯醛(acrolein)、拉草(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、亞汰草(alloxydim)、烯丙醇、亞羅列克(alorac)、胺酮(ametridione)、草殺淨(ametryn)、胺草酮(amibuzin)、胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、醯嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、環丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)、氯胺吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、甲基胺草磷(amiprofos-methyl)、殺草強(amitrole)、氨基磺酸銨、莎稗磷(anilofos)、安尼速隆(anisuron)、磺草靈(asulam)、阿特拉通(atraton)、草脫淨(atrazine)、草芬定(azafenidin)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、滅蘇民(aziprotryne)、燕麥靈(barban)、BCPC、氟丁醯草胺(beflubutamid)、草除靈(benazolin)、醯苯草酮(bencarbazone)、氟草胺(benfluralin)、呋草黃(benfuresate)、免速隆(bensulfuron)、地散磷(bensulide)、本達隆(bentazone)、苯甲醯胺氧乙酸(benzadox)、雙苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、苄草胺(benzipram)、苯并雙環酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟草黃(benzofluor)、新燕靈(benzoylprop)、苯噻隆(benzthiazuron)、雙環吡喃酮
(bicyclopyrone)、治草醚(bifenox)、畢拉草(bilanafos)、雙草醚(bispyribac)、硼砂、克草(bromacil)、除草溴(bromobonil)、溴丁醯草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、溴莠敏(brompyrazon)、丁基拉草(butachlor)、布芬草(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、丁硫咪唑酮(buthidazole)、丁噻隆(buthiuron)、仲丁靈(butralin)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、炔草隆(buturon)、丁酸鹽、二甲胂酸、苯酮唑(cafenstrole)、氯酸鈣、氰胺化鈣、(苯基亞胺基)二-2,1-乙二基雙(3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸酯)(cambendichlor)、除草隆(carbasulam)、草長滅(carbetamide)、5-三級丁基-1,2-唑基-3-基胺甲酸甲基酯(carboxazole)、3-[(甲氧羰基)胺基]苯基N-[1-(氯甲基)丙基]胺甲酸酯(chlorprocarb)、克繁草(carfentrazone)、CDEA、CEPC、甲氧基護谷(chlomethoxyfen)、克攔本(chloramben)、丁醯草胺(chloranocryl)、炔禾靈(chlorazifop)、氯阿淨(chlorazine)、滅落寧(chlorbromuron)、氯草靈(chlorbufam)、1-(3-氯-4-乙氧苯基)-3,3-二甲基脲(chloreturon)、伐草克(chlorfenac)、燕麥酯(chlorfenprop)、氟咪殺(chlorflurazole)、整形醇(chlorflurenol)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron)、全滅草(chlornitrofen)、三氯丙酸(chloropon)、氯麥隆(chlorotoluron)、枯草龍(chloroxuron)、氯二甲酚(chloroxynil)、克普芬(chlorpropham)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、大克草(chlorthal)、草克樂(chlorthiamid)、乙基環醯草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、西速隆
(cinosulfuron)、落草胺(cisanilide)、剋草同(clethodim)、2-氯-3,5-二碘吡啶-4-基乙酸酯(cliodinate)、炔草酯(clodinafop)、2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基]丙酸(clofop)、可滅蹤(clomazone)、克普草(clomeprop)、果美生長素(cloprop)、氯丙殺草(cloproxydim)、畢克草(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、CMA、硫酸銅、CPMF、CPPC、必滅草(credazine)、甲酚、草隆(cumyluron)、氰草淨(cyanatryn)、氰乃淨(cyanazine)、環草敵(cycloate、環磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、環殺草(cycloxydim)、環莠隆(cycluron)、賽伏草(cyhalofop)、牧草快(cyperquat)、環丙津(cyprazine)、三環噻草胺(cyprazole)、環草胺(cypromid)、汰草龍(daimuron)、得拉本(dalapon)、邁隆(dazomet)、異丁草胺(delachlor)、甜菜安(desmedipham)、敵草淨(desmetryn)、二醛酯、汰克草(dicamba)、二氯苯腈(dichlobenil)、雙(三氯乙醛基)脲(dichloralurea)、苄胺靈(dichlormate)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2,4-滴丙酸-P、禾草靈(diclofop)、雙氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、1,1’-雙[2-(二乙氨基)-2-側氧乙基]-4,4’-聯吡啶(diethamquat)、乙醯甲草胺(diethatyl)、戊味禾草靈(difenopenten)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、愛落殺(dimethametryn)、汰草滅(dimethenamid)、汰草滅-P、草滅散(dimexano)、草噠酮(dimidazon)、撻乃安(dinitramine)、地樂特(dinofenate)、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)、
達諾殺(dinoseb)、特樂酚(dinoterb)、大芬滅(diphenamid)、異丙凈(dipropetryn)、大刈特(diquat)、賽松(disul)、汰硫草(dithiopyr)、達有龍(diuron)、DMPA、DNOC、DSMA、EBEP、甘草津(eglinazine)、草多索(endothal)、三唑磺(epronaz)、EPTC、抑草蓬(erbon)、戊草丹(esprocarb)、乙丁烯氟靈(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、硫草敵(ethiolate)、益覆滅(ethofumesate)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、亞速隆(ethoxysulfuron)、硝草酚(etinofen)、益尼普滅(etnipromid)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、EXD、雙氧威(fenasulam)、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、芬殺草(fenoxaprop)、芬殺草-P、2,5-二氯-4-乙氧苄基4,5-二氫-5,5-二甲基-1,2-唑-3-基碸(fenoxasulfone)、2-(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙醇(fenteracol)、噻唑禾草靈(fenthiaprop)、四唑醯草胺(fentrazamide)、非草隆(fenuron)、硫酸亞鐵、麥草氟酯(flamprop)、麥草氟酯-M、伏速隆(flazasulfuron)、雙氟磺草胺(florasulam)、伏寄普(fluazifop)、伏寄普-P、異丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、貝殺寧(fluchloralin)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、2-(α,α,α-三氟-間甲苯氧基)煙醯苯胺(flufenican)、氟噠草酯(flufenpyr)、闊草清(flumetsulam)、氟每淨(flumezin)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、可奪草(fluometuron)、福泰芬(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、唑啶草(fluoromidine)、氟除草醚(fluoronitrofen)、殺克丹(fluothiuron)、氟胺草唑
(flupoxam)、氟異丙嘧草酯(flupropacil)、氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、氟氯比(fluroxypyr)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氟噻草酯(fluthiacet)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲醯胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、調節膦(fosamine)、呋氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、固殺草(glufosinate)、固殺草-P、嘉磷塞(glyphosate)、哈拉昔芬(halauxifen)、5-(2-氯-α,α,α,6-四氟-對甲苯氧基)-N-乙磺醯基-2-硝基苯甲醯胺(halosafen)、合速隆(halosulfuron)、氟啶草(haloxydine)、合氯氟(haloxyfop)、合氯氟-P、六氯丙酮、六氟鹽(hexaflurate)、菲殺淨(hexazinone)、咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、咪草啶酸(imazamox)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、依滅草(imazapyr)、滅草喹(imazaquin)、咪唑乙煙酸(imazethapyr)、依速隆(imazosulfuron)、茚草酮(indanofan)、N-[(1R,2S)-2,3-二氫-2,6-二甲基-1H-茚-1-基]-6-[(1RS)-1-氟乙基]-1,3,5-三-2,4-二胺(indaziflam)、4-氰基-2,6-二碘苯基2-丙烯-1-基碳酸酯(iodobonil)、碘甲烷、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、抑草津(ipazine)、鹵苯胺唑(ipfencarbazone)、抑吡嘧丹(iprymidam)、草特靈(isocarbamid)、異草定(isocil)、丁草酮(isomethiozin)、異草完隆(isonoruron)、異丙林特(isopolinate)、異丙樂靈(isopropalin)、異丙隆(isoproturon)、愛速隆(isouron)、異草胺(isoxaben)、異氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、異唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、異草醚(isoxapyrifop)、特胺靈(karbutilate)、2-[(2,3-二氫-5,8-二甲
基-1,1-二氧橋螺[4H-1-苯并噻喃-4,2’--[1,3]二烷]-6’-基)羰基]-1,3-環己二酮(ketospiradox)、乳氟禾草靈(lactofen)、環草定(lenacil)、理有龍(linuron)、MAA、MAMA、MCPA、脫禾草(MCPA-thioethyl)、MCPB、2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop)、2-甲-4-氯丙酸-P、地樂施(medinoterb)、滅芬草(mefenacet)、美福泰(mefluidide)、滅莠津(mesoprazine)、磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、硝磺草酮(mesotrione)、斯美地(metam)、唑醯草胺(metamifop)、苯草酮(metamitron)、滅草胺(metazachlor)、雙醚氯吡嘧磺隆(metazosulfuron)、二甲噠草伏(metflurazon)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、甲基丙樂靈(methalpropalin)、滅草唑(methazole)、甲殺丹(methiobencarb)、美西除靈(methiozolin)、滅草恆(methiuron)、醚草通(methometon)、格草净(methoprotryne)、溴甲烷、異硫氰酸甲酯、甲基殺草隆(methyldymron)、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、撲奪草(metobromuron)、莫多草(metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、滅必淨(metribuzin)、磺隆(metsulfuron)、稻得壯(molinate)、庚醯草胺(monalide)、莫尼速隆(monisouron)、單氯乙酸、綠谷龍(monolinuron)、滅草隆(monuron)、伐草快(morfamquat)、MSMA、萘普草(naproanilide)、滅落脫(napropamide)、納得爛(naptalam)、草不龍(neburon)、煙嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、吡氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、滅殺草(nitralin)、護谷(nitrofen)、三氟甲草醚(nitrofluorfen)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、草完隆(noruron)、OCH、坪草丹(orbencarb)、
鄰二氯苯、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、歐拉靈(oryzalin)、丙炔草酮(oxadiargyl)、樂滅草(oxadiazon)、草噠松(oxapyrazon)、環氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、草酮(oxaziclomefone)、復祿芬(oxyfluorfen)、對氟隆(parafluron)、巴拉刈(paraquat)、克草猛(pebulate)、壬酸、施得圃(pendimethalin)、平速爛(penoxsulam)、五氟酚、甲氯醯草胺(pentanochlor)、環戊草酮(pentoxazone)、佈福松(perfluidone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、棉胺寧(phenisopham)、甜菜寧(phenmedipham)、乙基甜菜寧、p醯草隆(phenobenzuron)、苯基乙酸汞、畢克爛(picloram)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、亞砷酸鉀、疊氮化鉀、氰酸鉀、普拉草(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、環丙腈津(procyazine)、氨氟樂靈(prodiamine)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、環丙氟靈(profluralin)、氯苯噻草酮(profoxydim)、甘撲津(proglinazine)、撲滅通(prometon)、佈滅淨(prometryn)、雷蒙得(propachlor)、除草靈(propanil)、普拔草(propaquizafop)、普拔根(propazine)、苯胺靈(propham)、普樂寶(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、咪唑嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)、甲硫磺樂靈(prosulfalin)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、三氟丙磺隆(prosulfuron)、撲滅生(proxan)、拔地草(prynachlor)、吡達農(pydanon)、雙唑草腈(pyraclonil)、派芬草(pyraflufen)、磺醯草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、苄草唑(pyrazolynate)、百速隆
(pyrazosulfuron)、匹唑芬(pyrazoxyfen)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、三氯吡啶醇(pyriclor)、噠草福(pyridafol)、必汰草(pyridate)、環酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac)、嘧啶硫蕃(pyrimisulfan)、嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac)、吡唑碸(pyroxasulfone)、吡唑磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、快克草(quinclorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、莫克草(quinoclamine)、克藻胺(quinonamid)、快伏草(quizalofop)、快伏草-P、硫氰苯胺(rhodethanil)、碸嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧啶肟草醚(saflufenacil)、左旋莫多草(S-metolachlor)、另丁津(sebuthylazine)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、西殺草(sethoxydim)、環草隆(siduron)、草滅淨(simazine)、西瑪通(simeton)、西草淨(simetryn)、SMA、亞砷酸鈉、疊氮化鈉、氯酸鈉、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、草克死(sulfallate)、氟磺唑草胺(sulfentrazone)、嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、磺醯磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、硫酸、氮雜環庚-1-基羰基甲基胺磺酸甲酯(sulglycapin)、滅草靈(swep)、TCA、牧草胺(tebutam)、得匍隆(tebuthiuron)、四氫呋喃甲基三酮(tefuryltrione)、田寶三酮(tembotrione)、得殺草(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特草靈(terbucarb)、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、特丁通(terbumeton)、草凈津(terbuthylazine)、特丁淨(terbutryn)、四氟隆(tetrafluron)、欣克草(thenylchlor)、噻氟隆(thiazafluron)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、甲基酮脲磺草吩酯(thiencarbazone-methyl)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、殺丹
(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、6-氯-5-(甲基硫代基)嘧啶-2,4-二胺(tioclorim)、吡草磺(topramezone)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、2’-[(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三-2-基)羰基]-1,1,6’-三氟-N-甲基甲磺醯苯胺(triafamone)、燕麥畏(tri-allate)、、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三氟草胺(triaziflam)、苯磺隆(tribenuron)、殺草畏(tricamba)、三氯比(triclopyr)、三地芬(tridiphane)、草達津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、三福林(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、2-[4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯氧基]丙酸(trifop)、丙酮(R)-O-{2-[4-(α,α,α-三氟-對甲苯氧基)苯氧基]丙醯基}肟(trifopsime)、三羥基三、三甲隆(trimeturon)、1-(6-異丙基-1,1,4-三甲基二氫茚-5-基)丙-1-酮(tripropindan)、草達克(tritac)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、萬隆(vernolate),及二甲苯草胺(xylachlor)。
本揭露之另一實施例係一種用於控制或預防真菌攻擊之方法。此方法包含對土壤、植物、根部、葉子、種子,或真菌所在地,或預防侵害之所在地(例如,施用至穀類或葡萄植物)施用一殺真菌有效量之一或多種具化學式I之化合物。此等化合物係適合以殺真菌量處理各種植物,同時展現低植物毒性。此等化合物可以保護劑及/或噴灑滅蟲劑之方式使用。
此等化合物已被發現具有顯著殺真菌效果,特別是對於農業用途。許多此等化合物係特別有效地與農業作物及園藝植物使用。
熟習此項技藝者會瞭解此化合物對於前述真菌之功效建立此等化合物作為殺真菌劑之普遍用途。
此等化合物具有對抗真菌病原體之廣範圍活性。例示之病原體可不受限地包含小麥葉斑病(禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola);衝擊階段:小麥殼真胞(Septoria tritici))、小麥葉锈病(小麥葉锈菌(Puccinia triticina))、小麥條銹病(條形扁菌(Puccinia striiformis))、蘋果結痂(蘋果黑星菌(Venturia inaequalis))、葡萄藤白粉病(葡萄白粉病菌(Uncinula necator))、大麥雲紋病(大麥雲紋病菌(Rhynchosporium secalis))、稻瘟病(稻熱病菌(Magnaporthe grisea))、大豆銹病(豆薯層銹菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi))、小麥稃枯病(子囊菌(Leptosphaeria nodorum))、小麥白粉病(小麥白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici))、大麥白粉病(大麥白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei))、瓜類白粉病(二孢白粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum))、瓜類炭疽病(胡瓜炭疽病菌(Glomerella lagenarium))、甜菜葉斑(甜菜生尾孢菌(Cercospora beticola))、蕃茄早枯萎病(索蘭尼鏈格孢(Alternaria solani)),及大麥斑枯(禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus sativus))之致病原。被施用之活性材料的準確量不僅依欲被施用之特定活性物質而定,而且亦依所欲之特定作用、欲被控制之真菌物種及其生長階段,與欲與此化合物接觸之植物或其它產物之部份而定。所有此等化合物及含有此等化合物之調配物於相似濃度或對抗相同真菌物種可能非相等功效。
此等化合物係以抑制疾病及植物學可接受之量有效地與植物使用。術語"抑制疾病及植物學可接受之量"係指殺死或抑制欲控制之植物疾病但對植物無顯著毒性之化合物量。此量一般會係從約0.1至約1000ppm(每百萬之份數),且1至500ppm係較佳。所需之化合物準確濃度係隨欲被控制之真菌疾病、使用之調配物型式、施用方法、特別植物物種、氣候條件等而改變。一適合施用率典型上係從約0.10至約4磅/英畝(約0.01至0.45克/平方公尺,g/m2)之範圍。
如瞭解此處教示之熟習此項技藝者所顯知般,此處提供之任何範圍或所欲值可於未損失尋求之功效下擴大或改變。
具化學式I之化合物可使用已知化學程序製造。於此揭露中未特別提及之中間物係可購得,可藉由於化學文獻中揭露之路徑製造,或可自商業上之起始材料利用標準程序輕易合成。
下列流程係例示產生具化學式(I)之金屬酶抑制劑化合物之方式。下列說明及例子係提供作為例示目的,且不應被闡釋作為以取代基或取代式樣而言之限制。對熟習此項技藝者明顯地係許多具化學式I之化合物可使用多於一種於下列流程內揭露之路徑合成。
具化學式1.7之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可依據流程1,步驟c-e中概述之方法,自經適當取代之先質,諸如,具化學式1.3及1.4
之化合物製備,此等化合物可依據流程1,步驟a-b概述之方法製備。如步驟a所示般,具化學式1.3之化合物可經由於諸如二甲基亞碸(DMSO)之一極性非質子性溶劑中,使具化學式1.0之化合物與以銅(Cu(0))活化之2,2-二氟-2-溴乙酸乙酯進行縮合反應而製備。如步驟b所示,化合物1.4可藉由於如N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(DMF)之極性溶劑中於,例如,80-100℃之高溫,使具有化學式1.1之適當缺電子之4-氟苯甲腈以一親核劑(諸如,具化學式1.2之化合物之酚鹽陰離子,其係藉由使具化學式1.2之酚以一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,碳酸銫(Cs2CO3))處理而產生)處理而製備。如步驟c所示,具化學式1.5之酮可經由於一非質子性溶劑(諸如,甲苯)中,於約-78℃之降溫,使具化學式1.3之化合物與一經適合取代之親核劑(諸如,經鋰化之吡啶,其係藉由使具化學式1.4之溴吡啶以正丁基鋰(n-BuLi)處理而產生)進行縮合反應而製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式1.6之環氧化物可藉由於極性非質子性溶劑(諸如,四氫呋喃(THF)及DMSO)之混合物中,於降溫(例如,於約-20℃與0℃之間),使具化學式1.5之酮以二甲基氧代亞甲基硫葉立德(其係藉由使三甲基碘化亞碸以一強鹼(諸如,第三丁氧化鉀(KOtBu)或氫化鈉(NaH))處理而產生)處理而製備。如步驟e所示,具化學式1.7之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由於一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,碳酸鉀(K2CO3))存在中,於如DMF之極性溶劑中,於約60℃之高溫,使一經適當取代之環氧化物(例如,具化學式1.6之環氧化物)以一親核劑(例如,1H-四唑)處理而製備。
具化學式2.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可依據流程2,步驟b-d概述之方法,自經適當取代之先質製備,諸如,具化學式2.1及2.2之化合物,其等可依據流程2,步驟a概述之方法製備。如步驟a所示,具化學式2.1之Weinreb醯胺可自具化學式2.0之丙酸使用Trost等人所報導之方法(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2010,132,8915-8917)製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式2.3之酮可藉由於一非質子性溶劑(諸如,乙醚(Et2O)),於約-78℃之降溫,使具化學式2.1之Weinreb醯胺與一親核劑(諸如,經鋰
化之吡啶,其係藉由使一經適當取代之溴吡啶(例如,具化學式2.2之溴吡啶)以n-BuLi處理而產生)進行縮合反應而製備。如步驟c所示,具化學式2.4之環氧化物可自具化學式2.3之酮,使用流程1,步驟d所述之方法製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式2.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由於一有機胺鹼(諸如,二異丙胺)存在中,於一極性非質子性容劑(諸如,DMSO)中,於約60℃之高溫,使一經適當取代之環氧化物(例如,具化學式2.4之環氧化物)以一親核劑(例如,1H-四唑)處理而製備。
具化學式3.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可依據流程3,步驟a-c概述之方法,自經適當取代之先質(諸如,具化學式3.0-3.1之化合
物)製備。如步驟a所示,具化學式3.2之酮可藉由於一非質子性溶劑(如,甲苯)中,於約0℃與23℃間之溫度,使具化學式3.0之Weinreb醯胺以一格里那試劑(諸如,經由使具化學式化學式3.2之溴吡啶以氯化異丙基鎂(i-PrMgCl)處理之轉金屬化而製備之格里那)處理而製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式3.4之4-三氟甲基苯基醚可自具化學式3.2之酮,經由於一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(例如,Cs2CO3)存在中,於一極性溶劑(諸如,DMF)中,於約110℃之高溫,以具化學式3.3之酚處理而製備。如Hatano等人(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2006,128,9998-9999)所述且於步驟c所示,具化學式3.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可藉由於氯化鋅(ZnCl2)及氯化鋰(LiCl)存在中,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,於約0℃之降溫,使一經適當取代之酮(例如,具化學式3.4之酮)以一親核劑(例如,諸如i-PrMgCl in之格里那試劑)處理而製備。
具化學式4.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,
及Z係如 原始定義般且n係1,可依據流程4,步驟a-d概述之方法,自經適當取代之先質(諸如,具化學式4.0及3.2之化合物)製備。如步驟a所示,具化學式4.1之酮可如流程3,步驟a所述般藉由處理具化學式4.0之Weinreb醯胺及具化學徑3.1之溴吡啶而製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式4.3之酮可如流程3,步驟b所述般自具化學式4.1之酮及具化學式4.2之酚製備。如步驟c所示,具化學式4.4之環氧化物可自具化學式4.3之酮,使用流程1,步驟d所述之方法製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式4.5之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由於有機胺鹼(諸如,異丙胺)存在中,於一極性非質子性溶劑(諸如,DMF)中,於約70℃之高溫,使一經適當取代之環氧化物(例如,具化學式4.4之環氧化物)以一親核劑(例如,1H-四唑)處理而製備。
具化學式5.1之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可如流程5,步驟a所示般,藉由於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,於約0℃之降溫,使一經適當取代之酮(例如,具化學式5.0之酮)以一親核劑(例如,一經適當取代之格里那(Grignard)試劑)處理而製備。格里那試劑可於催化劑碘(I2)存在中,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,於約65℃之高溫,自(氯甲基)環丙烷及鎂(Mg)製備。
具化學式6.8之化合物,其中,R1-R3,R5-R7,及Z係如原始般定義且n係1,可如流程6,步驟c-d所示般,自經適當取代之先質製備,諸如,具化學式6.0-6.4之化合物,其可依據流程6,步驟a-b概述之方法製備。具化學式6.5之化合物可使用Journet等人(Tet.Lett.1998,39,1717-1720)報導之方法製備,如步驟a及b所示般,描述具化學式6.3之膦酸酯化合物之製備,及其後用於與具化學式6.4之嘧啶甲醛進行Horner-Emmons縮合反應。如步驟c所示,具化學式6.7之化合物可藉由於一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,碳酸銫(Na2CO3))及一鈀催化劑(諸如,[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)-
芴]鈀(II)二氯化物[PdCl2(dppf)])存在中,於一混合溶劑系統(諸如,一極性非質子性溶劑,例如,與水混合之二烷或乙腈(CH3CN),其中,組成物中之有機溶劑對水之比率係約3:1)中,於約85℃之高溫,化學式6.5之溴吡啶與一經適當取代之硼酸或硼酸酯(例如,具化學式6.6之硼酸)間之Suzuki偶合而製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式6.8之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由於一極性非質子性溶劑(諸如,THF)中,於約-78℃之降溫,使一經適當取代之酮(例如,具化學式6.7之酮)以一親核劑(例如,一格里那試劑,如,溴化甲基鎂(MeMgBr))處理而製備。
具化學式7.6之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可如流程7,步驟a-e所示般製備。具化學式7.2之溴吡啶可藉由於一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,K2CO3)及一鈀催化劑(諸如,四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)[Pd(PPh3)4])存在中,於一極性溶劑系統(諸如,一極性非質子性溶劑,例如,與水混合之DMF、二烷,或CH3CN,其中,組成物之有機溶劑對水之比率係約4:1)中,一經適當取代之芳基鹵化物(諸如,具化學式7.0之碘苯)與硼酸或硼酸酯(諸如,具化學式7.1之吡啶硼酸)間之Suzuki偶合而製備。如步驟a所示,此反應係於約120℃之高溫進行,其可經由傳統加熱技術或經由微波輻射達成。如步驟b所示,具化學式7.3之二級醇可藉由一金屬化化學製備,其中,於約-78℃之降溫,於一芳香族烴(諸如,甲苯)中,具化學式7.2之溴吡啶與過量特戊醛之混合物係以n-BuLi處理。如步驟c所示,具化學式7.4之酮可藉由於一經鹵化之烴(諸如,二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2,DCM))中,於約0℃之降溫,使具化學式7.3之二級醇以1,1,1-三乙醯氧基-1,1-二氫-1,2-苯并碘雜唑-3(1H)-酮(Dess-Martin過碘烷)處理而製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式7.5之環氧化物可自具化學式7.4之酮,使用流程1,步驟d所述之方法製備。如步驟e所示,具化學式7.6之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由於一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,K2CO3)存在中,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,DMSO)中,於約70℃之高溫,使一經適當取代之環氧化物(例如,具化學式7.5之環氧化物)以一親核劑
(例如,1H-四唑)處理而製備。
具化學式8.1之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可如流程8,步驟a-b所示般製備。具化學式8.0之酮可如流程3,步驟a所述般製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式8.1之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始般定義且n係0,可於ZnCl2及LiCl存在中,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,於約0℃之降溫,使一經適當取代之酮(例如,具化學式8.0之酮)以一親核劑(例如,一格里那試劑,諸如,第三丁基氯化鎂(tBuMgCl))處理而製備。
具化學式9.4之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始般定義且n係1,可如流程9,步驟a-e所示般製備。如步驟a所示,具化學式9.0之吡啶基甲醛可藉由 金屬化化學製備,其中,於一芳香族烴(諸如,甲苯)中之具化學式7.2之溴吡啶的溶液係於約-78℃之降溫以n-BuLi處理,且其後之鋰吡啶係以無水DMF抑制。如步驟b所示,具化學式9.1之二級醇可藉由使於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中之具化學式9.0之醛的溶液以一親核劑(諸如,一格里那劑劑,其可藉由於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)使一經適當取代之溴甲苯(諸如,4-氯-2-氟溴甲苯)以Mg粉末處理而製備)處理而製備。如步驟c所示,具化學式9.2之酮可藉由於流程7,步驟c所述之條件下,使具化學式9.1之二級醇使用Dess-Martin過碘化物氧化而製備。如步驟d所示,具化學式9.3之環氧化物可自具化學式9.2之酮,使用流程1,步驟d所述之方法,但使用諸如第三丁醇(tBuOH)之醇作為反應溶劑而製備。如步驟e所示,具化學式9.4之化合物,其中,
R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可藉由使用流程7,步驟e所述之條件,使一經適當取代之環氧化物(例女,具化學式9.3之環氧化物)以一親核劑(例如,1H-四唑)處理而製備。
具化學式10.0及10.1之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如 原始定義般且n係0,可如流程10,步驟a所示般製備。具化學式10.0之炔可藉由於約0℃.之降溫,使於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中之一經適當取代之酮(諸如,具化學式5.0之酮)的溶液以一經適當取代之親核劑(諸如,乙炔化物陰離子)處理而製備。乙炔化物陰離子可藉由於一極性非質子性溶劑(如THF)中,於格里那添加期間係
於約0℃之溫度 且於添加後係約40℃,以一經適當取代之終端炔(諸如,3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔)以一格里那試劑(例如,溴化乙基鎂(EtMgBr))處理而製備。如流程5,步驟a所述,具化學式10.1之化合物係簡單地使殘餘格里那(即,EtMgBr)添加至具化學式5.0之酮。
具化學式11.0之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可如流程10,步驟a所示般,藉由於約0℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,ike Et2O)中之一經適當取代之酮(諸如,具化學式5.0之酮)的溶液以一經適當取代之親核劑(諸如,一格里那試劑)處理而製備。格里那試劑可藉由於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中,於約23℃至約35℃之溫度,使一經適當取代之溴甲苯(諸如,1-(溴甲基)-4-氯-2-氟苯)以Mg處理而製備。
具化學式12.8之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可依據流程12,步驟c-f概述之方法,自經適當取代之先質製備,諸如,具化學式12.0-12.3之化合物,其等可依據流程12,步驟a-b概述之方法製備。如上驟a所示,具化學式12.2之醚可藉由於一極性非質子性溶劑(諸如,DMSO),於約120℃之高溫,具化學式12.0之適當缺電子4-氟苯甲腈與一經適當取代之酚(諸如,具化學式12.1之酚)的混合物以一鹼金屬碳酸鹽鹼(諸如,K2CO3)處理而製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式12.3之醛可藉由於約-78℃之降溫,使於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中之具化學式12.2之腈的溶液以一還原劑(例如,氫化二異丁基鋁(DIBAL-H))處理而製備。如步驟c所示,具化學式12.5之二級醇可藉由於約0℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中之具化學式12.3之醛的溶液以一經適當取代之親核劑(諸如,一格里那試劑)處理而製備,其中,格里那試劑可藉由於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中,於約23℃至約35℃之溫度,使一經適當取代之溴甲苯(諸如,1-(溴甲基)-4-氯-2-氟苯(化學式12.4)以Mg處理而製備。如步驟d所示,具
化學式12.6之酮可經由於流程7,步驟c所述之條件下,使用使用Dess-Martin過碘烷,使具化學式12.5之二級醇氧化而製備。如步驟e所示,具化學式12.7之環氧化物可藉由於約0℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中之具化學式12.6之酮的溶液以重氮甲烷處理而製備。如步驟f所示,具化學式12.8之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可如流程7,步驟e所述般製備。
具化學式13.1之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,
及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可如流程13,步驟a所示般經由金屬化化學,藉由於約-78℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中之一經適當取代之酮(諸如,具化學式13.0之酮)及一經適當取代之芳基鹵化物(諸如,5-溴嘧啶)之溶液的混合物以n-BuLi處理而製備。
具化學式14.0之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係1,可如流程14,步驟a所示般,藉由於約0℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中之一經適當取代之酮(諸如,具化學式6.7之酮)及三甲基-(三氟甲基)矽烷之溶液的混合物以一氟化物來源(例如,氟化銫(CsF))處理,其後以一礦物酸(諸如,含水氫氯酸(HCl))水解而製備。
具化學式15.0之化合物,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可如流程15,步驟a所示般經由金屬化化學,藉由於約-78℃之降溫使使於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中之一經適當取代之酮(諸如,具化學式8.0之酮)的溶液以一經適當取代之親核劑(諸如,鋰苯,其係藉由於約-78℃之降溫,使於一非質子性溶劑(如,Et2O)中之一經適當取代之芳基溴化物(例如,1-溴-2,4-二氟苯之溶液以n-BuLi處理而製備)處理而製備。
具化學式16.3之化合物係具化學式I之金屬酶抑制劑的代表,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可依據流程16,步聚a-c概述之方法製備。具化學式16.1之酮可藉由於約-40℃與23℃間之溫度,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,如流程3,步驟a所述般處理具化學式3.0之Weinreb醯胺及具化學式16.0之碘溴吡啶而製備。如步驟b所示,具化學式16.2之醇可藉由於約-78℃與0℃間之溫度,於一極性非質子性溶劑(如,THF)中,使具化學式16.1之酮以一親核劑(例如,一格里那試劑,如氯化第三戊基鎂)
處理而製備。另外,如流程15,步驟a所述,使用烷基或芳基鎂試劑之金屬化化學亦可被用於產生以化學式16.2表示之醇。如步驟c所示,具化學式16.3之醇可自具化學式16.2之醇及硼酸、硼酸酯,或N-甲基亞胺基二乙酸(MIDA)硼酸鹽,使用流程7,步驟a所述之Suzuki偶合方法,或以於Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,2667所述之一經修改之Suzuk偶合程序製備。
具化學式17.1及17.2之化合物係具化學式I之金屬酶抑制劑的代表,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可依據流程17,步驟a概述之方法製備。如步驟a所示,E及Z肟異構物,個別係具化學式17.1及17.2之化合物,可藉由於一極性質子性溶劑(如,甲醇(MeOH)),於約22℃,使具化學式17.0之酮以鹼(諸如,乙酸鈉(NaOAc))及胺(諸如,O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽)處理而製備。
具化學式18.1之化合物係具化學式I之金屬酶抑制劑的代表,其中,R1-R3、R5-R7,及Z係如原始定義般且n係0,可依據流程18概述之方法製備。如步驟a所示,具化學式18.1之化合物可藉由於一經鹵化之烴(如,DCM),於約23℃之溫度,使具化學式18.0之一化合物以一碘化劑(諸如,氯碘甲烷(CH2ClI))處理而製備。
範例1:製備4-((6-(1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羥基-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈(1)。
步驟A1:製備2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2,2-二氟乙酸乙酯。
對於無水DMSO(80毫升(mL))中之銅金屬(Cu,10.59克(g),166.6毫莫耳(毫莫耳))之攪拌懸浮液,添加2,2-二氟-2-溴乙酸乙酯(16.9克,83.3毫莫耳),且此溶液於室溫攪拌90分鐘(min)。對此溶液,添加於DMSO(10毫升)中之2,4-二氟碘苯(10.0克,41.7毫莫耳)之溶液,且反應混合物於室溫攪拌48小時(h)。反應混合物以乙酸乙酯(EtOAc,800毫升)稀釋,經由一塞 里塑料(Celite®)之墊材過濾,且濾液以5%含水氫氧化銨(NH4OH)、飽和氯化銨(NH4Cl)水溶液,及飽和氯化鈉(NaCl,鹽水)水溶液連續清洗。有機相於硫酸鈉(Na2SO4)上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮,獲得粗製產物,其藉由管柱層析術純化(矽石凝膠,SiO2),提供標題化合物(7.9克,80%)。
步驟A2:製備4-(6-溴吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈。
對於DMF(125毫升)中之2-溴-5-羥基吡啶(10.0克,62.1毫莫耳)及4-氟苯甲腈(11.21克,93.10毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,於室溫於氮氣(N2)氛圍下,添加Cs2CO3(40.44克,124.1毫莫耳),且反應混合物加熱至90℃,且於90℃攪拌16小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以水稀釋,且以EtOAc萃取。混合之有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮,獲得粗製產物,其藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(9.5克,55%)。
步驟B:製備4-(6-(2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2,2-二氟乙醯基)吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈。
對於無水甲苯(10毫升)中之4-(6-溴吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈(1克,3.63毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,於-78℃於10分鐘期間,以滴液方式添加於己烷中之n-BuLi溶液(2.5莫耳(M),4.36毫升,10.9毫莫耳),且混合物於-78℃攪拌2小時。反應混合物以於甲苯(10毫升)中之2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2,2-二氟乙酸乙酯(1.71克,7.26毫莫耳)的溶液處理,且混合物緩慢加溫至室溫,且攪拌16小時。反應混合物以1當量(N)HCl水溶液抑制,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物於Na2SO4上乾
燥,過濾,且於減壓下濃縮,獲得標題化合物(1.75克),其於未進一步純化下用於下步驟。
步驟C:製備4-(6-(2-(2,4-二氟苯基)二氟甲基)環氧乙-2-基)吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈。
對於0℃於無水THF(10毫升)及DMSO(4毫升)之混合物中之三甲基碘化亞碸(660毫克(mg),3.02毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,添加第三丁氧化鉀(KOtBu,339毫克,3.02毫莫耳),且混合物於0℃攪拌90分鐘。反應冷卻至-20℃,且於THF(19毫升)中之4-(6-(2-(2,4-二氟-苯基)-2,2-二氟乙醯基)吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈(0.9克,2.32毫莫耳)之溶液於10分鐘期間以滴液方式添加至混合物。反應混合物加溫至0℃,於0℃攪拌30分鐘,且以1N HCl溶液及其後之飽和碳酸氫鈉(NaHCO3)水溶液抑制。混合物以EtOAc萃取,且有機相於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮,獲得粗製產物,其藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(150毫克,10%)。
步驟D:製備4-((6-(1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1,1-二氟-2-羥基-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈(1)。
對於DMF(2毫升)中之4-(6-(2-(2,4-二氟苯基)二氟甲基)環氧乙-2-基)吡啶-3-基氧)苯甲腈(150毫克,0.2毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液,添加1H-四唑(26毫克,0.3毫莫耳)及K2CO3(51毫克,0.3毫莫耳),且反應混合物於60℃攪拌16小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以冰水抑制,且以EtOAc萃取。混合之有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,且於減壓下濃縮,且形成之粗製殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),產生標題化合物(35毫克,20%),呈淺黃色半固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例2:製備2-(5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶-2-基)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-(1H-四唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(2)。
步驟A:製備3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基丙醯胺。
依循Trost,B.M.等人(Journal of the American Chemical Society(2010),132(26),8915-8917)所述之一適用程序。對於無水THF(10.8毫升)中之3-(2,4-二氟苯基)丙酸(1.0克,5.37毫莫耳)及二滴DMF之磁性攪拌混合物,於惰性氛圍(N2)下於0℃添加草醯氯(0.564毫升,6.45毫莫耳)。反應混合物於0℃攪拌1小時,然後,揮發性組份於減壓下藉由旋轉式蒸發移除。形成之油溶於CH2Cl2,且揮發性組份再次藉由旋轉式蒸發移除。於含有懸浮於CH2Cl2(5.40毫升)之N,O-二甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(0.576克,5.91毫莫耳)之一單獨的20毫升小玻璃瓶,添加吡啶(1.086毫升,13.43毫莫耳),且反應混合物冷卻至0℃。新製備之酸氯化物溶於CH2Cl2(5.40毫升),且溶液於3分鐘期間以滴液方式添加至混合物。立即形成白色沉澱物,且反應被攪拌,同時逐漸加溫至室溫。2小時後,反應混合物以EtOAc稀釋,且以2N HCl、飽和含水NaHCO3(2x),及鹽水連續清洗,然後,藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥。溶劑及其它揮發性組份藉由旋轉式蒸發移除,產生標題化合物(1.195克,97%),呈淡黃色油:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.25-7.18(m,1H),6.83-6.74(m,2H),3.63(s,3H),3.17(s,3H),2.95(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=7.6Hz,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -113.29,-114.40(d,J=6.7Hz);ESIMS m/z 230[M+H]+。
步驟B:製備1-(5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶-2-基)-3-(2,4-二氟苯基)丙-1-酮。
對於-78℃於無水Et2O(2908微升(μL))中之2-溴-5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶(243毫克,0.851毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於1分鐘期間以滴液方式添加於己烷中之n-BuLi溶液(2.0M,425μL,0.850毫莫耳)。反應混合物於-78℃攪拌40-60分鐘,然後,以於Et2O(1454μL)中之3-(2,4-二氟苯基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基丙醯胺(150毫克,0.654毫莫耳)之溶液以滴液方式處理。1小時後,反應藉由以滴液方式添加1N HCl(5毫升)而抑制,然後,加溫至室溫。反應以水(5毫升)稀釋,且相被分離。水相以另外之Et2O(2x)萃取,且混合有機物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥,且於溫和N2流下濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中0→20% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(76毫克,31.0%),呈灰白色固體:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.50(dd,J=2.7,0.5Hz,1H),8.13-8.10(m,2H),7.73(dd,J=8.7,2.7Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=8.6,2.7Hz,1H),7.26-7.21(m,1H),7.02(dd,J=8.7,0.6Hz,1H),6.82-6.74(m,2H),3.53(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.06(t,J=7.5Hz,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ
-113.54(d,J=6.8Hz),-113.99(d,J=6.8Hz);ESIMS m/z 375[M+H]+。
步驟C:製備5-氯-2-((6-(2-(2,4-二氟苯乙基)環氧乙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)氧)吡啶。
對於THF(961μL)中之三甲基碘化亞碸(103毫克,0.468毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於N2氛圍下添加NaH(18.73毫克,0.468毫莫耳,於礦物庙中之60%分散液),且混合物於室溫攪拌1小時。反應混合物冷卻至0℃,且以於THF(961μL)中之1-(5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶-2-基)-3-(2,4-二氟苯基)丙-1-酮(150毫克,0.360毫莫耳)之溶液以滴液方式處理。2.5小時後,反應藉由以滴液方式添加飽和含水NH4Cl而抑制,且混合物以Et2O(3x)萃取。混合之有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣而乾燥,且於一溫和N2流下濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中0→30% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(56毫克,40.0%),呈無色油:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.44(dd,J=2.7,0.6Hz,1H),8.10(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.72-7.67(m,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.6,2.7Hz,1H),7.39(dd,J=8.6,0.4Hz,1H),7.18-7.10(m,1H),6.97(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.80-6.70(m,2H),3.06(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),2.85(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),2.83-2.75(m,2H),2.71(t,J=9.8Hz,1H),2.14-2.07(m,1H);
19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -113.69(dd,J=6.6,2.1Hz),-114.18(d,J=6.7Hz);ESIMS m/z 389[M+H]+。
步驟D:製備2-(5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶-2-基)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-(1H-四唑-1-基)-丁-2-醇(2)。
對於DMSO(480μL)中之5-氯-2-((6-(2-(2,4-二氟苯乙基)環氧乙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)氧)吡啶(56毫克,0.144毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,添加二異丙胺及1H-四唑(1:1)之混合物(123毫克,0.720毫莫耳),且反應混合物加溫至60℃,且於60℃攪拌2-3天(d)。反應藉由添加水而抑制,且以CH2Cl2(3x)萃取。混合之有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥,且於一溫和N2流下濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之20→60% EtOAc),產生產物之之二異構物。隔離標題化合物(37.0毫克,56%),呈白色固體。特徵數據見表2。
2H-異構物,2-(5-((5-氯吡啶-2-基)氧)吡啶-2-基)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-(2H-四唑-2-基)丁-2-醇(19.0毫克,28.7%)係以無色油隔離:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.43(s,1H),8.37(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.7,2.7Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J=8.6,2.6Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.6,0.6Hz,1H),7.04(td,J=8.7,6.6Hz,1H),
6.97(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.77-6.67(m,2H),5.19(s,1H),5.04(s,2H),2.80-2.70(m,1H),2.43-2.30(m,2H),2.12(ddd,J=13.4,11.9,4.9Hz,1H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -113.36(d,J=6.7Hz),-114.44(d,J=6.7Hz);ESIMS m/z 459[M+H]+。
範例3:製備2-甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲基)-苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(3)。
步驟A:製備(5-氟吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮。
對裝置一磁性攪拌棒之一圓底燒瓶,添加2-溴-5-氟吡啶(2.063克,11.72毫莫耳),且燒瓶以N2沖淨。添加無水甲苯(11.17毫升),且反應於一冰浴冷卻至0℃。反應以於THF中之i-PrMgCl溶液(2.0M,5.86毫升,11.7毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理,且混合物於0℃攪拌10分鐘,加溫至室溫,且於室溫攪拌1.5小時。形成之暗棕色混合物冷卻至0℃,以於無水甲苯(5.58毫升)中之N-甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺(1.4克,8.37毫莫耳)之溶液處理,於0℃攪拌3小時,且形
成之綠棕色混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(20毫升)抑制,同時冷卻。相被分離,且水相以EtOAc(2 x 20毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於硫酸鎂(MgSO4)上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→50% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(492毫克,32%),呈灰白色絨毛狀固體:IR(薄膜)1678,1577cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.50(s,2H),9.38(s,1H),8.59(dd,J=2.8,0.6Hz,1H),8.32(ddd,J=8.8,4.6,0.6Hz,1H),7.66(ddd,J=8.8,7.9,2.8Hz,1H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -117.71;HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C10H7FN3O計算,204.0568;發現,204.0567。
步驟B:製備嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮。
於DMF(1969μL)中之(5-氟吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(200毫克,0.984毫莫耳)、4-(三氟甲基)酚(160毫克,0.984毫莫耳)及Cs2CO3(337毫克,1.034毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物加熱至110℃,且攪拌18小時。反應冷卻至室溫,於水(3毫升)與EtOAc(3毫升)間分配,且相被分離。水相以另外之EtOAc(2 x 3毫升)萃取,且混合有機萃取物以鹽水(2 x 3毫升)清洗,於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→60% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(290毫克,84%),呈微黃色固體:IR(薄膜)
3383,1667,1573,1319,1234cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.51(s,2H),9.37(s,1H),8.50(dd,J=2.8,0.6Hz,1H),8.28(dd,J=8.7,0.6Hz,1H),7.78-7.68(m,2H),7.49(dd,J=8.7,2.8Hz,1H),7.25-7.19(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -62.13;HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C17H11F3N3O2計算,346.0798;發現,346.0780。
步驟C:製備2-甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲基)-苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(3)。
對裝置一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加ZnCl2(10.66毫克,0.078毫莫耳)及LiCl(12.16毫克,0.287毫莫耳),且小玻璃瓶被封蓋且以N2沖淨。於THF內之i-PrMgCl溶液(2.0M,222μL,0.443毫莫耳)於N2下以滴液方式添加,且反應於室溫攪拌1小時。形成之均勻棕色溶液於一冰浴中冷卻至0℃,且緩慢添加於無水THF(2738μL)中之嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮(90毫克,0.261毫莫耳)之溶液,且反應於0℃攪拌4小時。形成之紅棕色反應混合物於冷時以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(3毫升)抑制,且混合物以EtOAc(3 x 5毫升)萃取。混合萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物以管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→70% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(64毫克,62%),呈微
黃色黏稠油:特徵數據見表2。
範例4:製備4-((6-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-(1H-四唑-1-基)乙基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈(19)。
步驟A:製備環丙基(5-氟吡啶-2-基)甲酮。
標題化合物係自2-溴-5-氟吡啶及N-甲氧基-N-甲基-環丙烷甲醯胺,依據範例3A所述之條件製備,且以黃色油隔離,73%產率:IR(薄膜)1681,1580,1400,1370cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.55(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),8.10(ddd,J=8.7,4.7,0.6Hz,1H),7.52(ddd,J=8.7,8.0,2.8Hz,1H),3.55-3.39(m,1H),1.28-1.22(m,2H),1.15-1.08(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -120.55(d,J=1.5Hz);EIMS(m/z)165。
步驟B:製備4-((6-(環丙烷羰基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈。
標題化合物係自環丙基(5-氟吡啶-2-基)甲酮及4-羥基苯甲腈,依據範例3B所述之條件製備。其係以淡黃色固體隔離,83%產率:IR(薄膜)2228,1676,1576,1499,1246cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.50(dd,J=2.7,0.7Hz,1H),8.10(dd,J=8.6,0.7Hz,1H),7.75-7.67(m,2H),7.45(dd,J=8.6,2.8Hz,1H),7.16-7.10(m,2H),3.47(tt,J=7.9,4.7Hz,1H),1.30-1.21(m,2H),1.15-1.09(m,2H);HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C16H13N2O2計算,265.0972;發現,265.0957。
步驟C:製備4-((6-(環丙基(羥基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加三甲基碘化亞碸(100毫克,0.454毫莫耳)、DMSO(841μL),及無水THF(841μL)。對形成之混合物,添加NaH(分散於礦物油之60%分散液,18.2毫克,0.454毫莫耳),且反應於室溫攪拌1小時。氣體逸出停止後,霧狀白色混合物冷卻0℃,且以於無水THF(841μL)中之4-((6-(環丙烷羰基)吡啶-3-基)氧)-苯甲腈(100毫克,0.378毫莫耳)之溶液以滴液方式處理。形成之霧狀淡黃色混合物緩慢加溫至室溫,且反應以水(3毫升)抑制,且以EtOAc(3毫升)稀釋。相被分離,且水層以
EtOAc(3 x 3毫升)進一步萃取。混合之有機萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→15% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(72毫克,65%),呈淡黃色黏稠油:IR(薄膜)2228,1502,1479,1247cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.43(dd,J=2.8,0.7Hz,1H),7.68-7.61(m,2H),7.54(dd,J=8.6,0.7Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=8.6,2.8Hz,1H),7.08-7.01(m,2H),3.00(dd,J=5.8,0.6Hz,1H),2.95(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),1.85(tt,J=8.4,5.3Hz,1H),0.67-0.58(m,1H),0.58-0.49(m,1H),0.49-0.38(m,2H);HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C17H15N2O2計算,279.1128;發現,279.1105。
步驟D:4-((6-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-(1H-四唑-1-基)乙基)吡啶-3-基)氧)-苯甲腈(19)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加4-((6-(2-環丙基環氧乙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)氧)苯甲腈(69毫克,0.248毫莫耳)、二異丙基銨四唑-1-化物(212毫克,1.24毫莫耳),及DMF(1653μL)。反應混合物加溫至70℃,於70℃攪拌13小時,冷卻至室溫,且於水(5毫升)與EtOAc(5毫升)間分配。相被分離,且水相以EtOAc(3 x 3毫升)進一步萃取。混合有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,及藉由管柱層
析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→75% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(11毫克,12%),呈灰白色黏稠半固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例5:製備1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)戊-4-烯-1-醇(21)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一經烘箱乾燥之小玻璃瓶,添加Mg(6.36毫克,0.262毫莫耳),且小玻璃瓶被排氣,且以N2回填,添加無水THF(818μL),其後,添加I2結晶及(氯甲基)環丙烷(22.68μL,0.245毫莫耳)。混合物加熱迴流且於N2下攪拌1.5小時。對一單獨之小玻璃瓶,添加(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(51毫克,0.164毫莫耳)及無水THF(1毫升),且混合物冷卻至0℃。對此溶液,於8分鐘期間以滴液方式添加新製備之格里那溶液,且反應混合物於0℃攪拌3小時,以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(2毫升)抑制同時冷卻,及加溫至室溫。混合物以EtOAc(3 x 2毫升)萃取,且混合萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→70% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(22毫克,35%),呈淡黃色黏稠半固體。特徵數據見表2。
範例6:製備2-[5-(4-氯苯基)-2-吡啶基]-1-嘧啶-5-
基-丙-2-醇(25)。
步驟A:製備((5-溴吡啶-2-基)(苯基胺基)甲基)-膦酸二苯酯。
依據Journet,M.等人(Tetrahdron Letters(1998),39(13),1717-1720)所述之適合程序。對於.異丙醇(IPA,13.44毫升)中之5-溴吡啶甲醛(1克,5.38毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物添加苯胺(0.589毫升,6.45毫莫耳),其後添加亞磷酸二苯酯(1.665毫升,8.60毫莫耳),且反應混合物於25℃攪拌。於使苯胺添加至部份溶解於IPA中之醛時,反應形成一濃稠白色沉澱物,其於添加亞磷酸酯時溶解,產生一均
勻黃色溶液,其被攪拌18小時。攪拌器被停止,且反應混合物於一冰浴中冷卻。形成之細微白色沉澱物藉由真空過濾隔離,且以冰冷IPA清洗數次。固體於室溫之真空烘箱中乾燥4小時,產生標題化合物(2.501克,94%),呈白色固體:mp 124-127℃:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.65(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,J=8.4,2.3,0.7Hz,1H),7.48-7.45(m,1H),7.30-7.22(m,4H),7.19-7.11(m,4H),7.09(qd,J=2.5,1.3Hz,2H),7.06-7.01(m,2H),6.80-6.74(m,1H),6.71(dd,J=8.6,0.9Hz,2H),5.35-5.23(m,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ 153.41,150.59,150.56,150.22,150.14,145.93,145.80,139.42,139.40,129.71,129.33,125.44,125.32,124.42,124.38,120.63,120.58,120.32,120.28,119.25,114.31,58.37,56.83。
步驟B:製備1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酮。
對於THF(1615μL)及IPA(404μL)之混合物中之((5-溴吡啶-2-基)(苯基胺基)-甲基)膦酸二苯酯(400毫克,0.808毫莫耳)及嘧啶-5-甲醛(96毫克,0.888毫莫耳)之磁性
攪拌混合物,於惰性氛圍(N2)下添加Cs2CO3(342毫克,1.050毫莫耳)。反應混合物於25℃攪拌16.5小時,然後,以3N HCl(0.81毫升,2.42毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理,產生溫和氣體逸出。2小時後,反應混合物之pH藉由添加5% w/v NaOH水溶液調整至9,且以EtOAc(3x)萃取。混合有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥,且揮發性組份於溫和N2流下蒸發。形成之殘餘物以冰冷EtOAc磨碎,產生標題化合物(149毫克,66.3%),呈淡棕色固體:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.14(s,1H),8.79(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.72(s,2H),8.02(dd,J=8.4,2.2Hz,1H),7.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.52(s,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ 196.19,157.96,157.40,150.47,150.37,139.98,128.33,126.16,123.66,38.86;ESIMS m/z 278[M+H]+,m/z 276([M-H]-)。
步驟C:製備1-(5-(4-氯苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酮。
對於二烷(2697μL)及水(899μL)之混合物中之1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酮(200毫克,0.719毫莫耳)、(4-氯苯基)硼酸(141毫克,0.899毫莫耳)及Na2CO3(229毫克,2.16毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於惰性氛圍(N2)下添加[1,1'-雙(二苯基膦基)芴]鈀(II)二氯化物
(PdCl2(dppf),52.6毫克,0.072毫莫耳)。反應混合物被加熱至85℃並且於85℃攪拌17小時,冷卻至室溫,以CH3CN稀釋,經由一塞里塑料墊材過濾,且濾液於溫和N2流下蒸發。形成之殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之30→75% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(116毫克,52.1%),呈灰白色固體:mp 150-155℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.14(s,1H),8.92(dd,J=2.3,0.8Hz,1H),8.76(s,2H),8.16(dd,J=8.1,0.8Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),7.60-7.56(m,2H),7.53-7.49(m,2H),4.59(s,2H);ESIMS m/z 310[M+H]+,m/z 308([M-H]-)。
步驟D:製備2-(5-(4-氯苯基)吡啶-2-基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-2-醇(25)。
對於冷卻至-78℃之THF(1614μL)中之1-(5-(4-氯苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酮(50毫克,0.161毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於N2氛圍下以滴液方式添加於Et2O中之MeMgBr溶液(3.0M,108μL,0.323毫莫耳)。反應混合物於-78℃攪拌105分鐘,且以滴液方式添加飽和含水NH4Cl(2毫升)抑制。反應混合物自冷卻浴移除,加溫至室
溫,以水稀釋,且以EtOAc(3x)萃取。混合有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥,且揮發性組份於溫和N2流蒸發。形成之殘餘物吸附於一塞里塑料墊材上,且藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之50→80% EtOAc),產生回收起始物(42%)及標題化合物(19毫克,36.1%),呈淡黃色固體:特徵數據見表2。
步驟C及D可以任一順序進行獲得期望之產物。
範例7:製備3,3-二甲基-1-(1H-四唑-1-基)-2-[5-[4-(三氟-甲氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基]丁-2-醇(26)。
步驟A:製備2-溴-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一微玻小玻璃瓶,添加(6-溴吡啶-3-基)硼酸(1.37克,6.77毫莫耳)、1-碘-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯(1.5克,5.21毫莫耳)及DMF(11.9毫升),其後添加K2CO3(2.52克,18.2毫莫耳)及水(2.98毫升)。反應混合物於N2下攪拌5分鐘,且以Pd(PPh3)4(16.05毫克,0.014毫莫耳)處理。反應容器被封蓋,置於在120℃之一Biotage Initiator
微波反應器中1小時,且外部IR感應器從容器側邊作溫度監測。經冷卻之反應混合物經由以EtOAc(100毫升)沖洗之一塞里塑料墊材過濾,且濾液以飽和含水NaHCO3(50毫升)、水(3 x 50毫升),及鹽水(50毫升)連續清洗。有機相於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→10% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(1.07克,63%),呈灰白色固體:IR(薄膜)3036,1453,1210,1167cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.57(dd,J=2.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.71(dd,J=8.2,2.6Hz,1H),7.63-7.54(m,3H),7.38-7.29(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -57.83;HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C12H8BrF3NO計算,317.9736;發現,317.9735。
步驟B:製備2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇。
對於甲苯(20毫升)中之2-溴-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶(2克,6.32毫莫耳)及特戊醛(2毫升,12.5毫莫耳)之溶液,於-78℃添加n-BuLi(10毫升,15.8毫莫耳),且混合物於相同溫度攪拌1小時。反應混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液抑制,加溫至室溫,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以鹽水
清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,且於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(3克,以LCMS係60%純度LCMS),呈黃色油。化合物於未進一步純化下用於下步驟。
步驟C:製備2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-酮。
對於無水CH2Cl2(30毫升)中之2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(3克,5.6毫莫耳,60%純度)之溶液,在0℃下一部份地添加Dess-Martin過碘烷(7.8克,18.4毫莫耳),且反應混合物於室溫攪拌2小時。反應混合物真空過濾,以CH2Cl2清洗,且濾液於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(500毫克,二步驟係25%),呈灰白色固體。
步驟D:製備2-(2-第三丁基環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶。
對於THF(5毫升)中之三甲基碘化亞碸(613毫克,2.78毫莫耳)之懸浮液,於0℃添加NaH(110毫克,2.78毫莫耳,於礦物油中60%分散液),其後添加DMSO(1毫升),且反應混合物於0℃攪拌1小時,然後,以於THF中之2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-酮(600毫克,1.85毫莫耳)之溶液處理。反應混合物加溫至室溫,攪拌15小時,倒至冰水內,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中15→20% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(150毫克,24%),呈黃色油。
步驟E:製備3,3-二甲基-1-(1H-四唑-1-基)-2-[5-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]吡啶-2-基]丁-2-醇(26)。
對於DMSO(5毫升)中之2-(2-第三丁基環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶(450毫克,1.33毫莫耳)之溶液,於惰性氛圍下添加1H-四唑(187毫克,2.67毫莫耳)及K2CO3(276毫克,2.0毫莫耳)。反應混合物加熱至70℃且於70℃攪拌48小時,冷卻至室溫,倒至水中,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石
油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(80毫克,15%),呈灰白色固體。特徵數據見表2。
2H位向異構物亦被隔離(18毫克,3%),呈灰白色固體:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ 8.61(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),5.70(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),5.31(brs,1H),5.09(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),1.09(s,9H);ESIMS m/z 408[M+H]+。
範例8:製備2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟-甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(27)。
步驟A:製備嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮。
標題化合物係自2-溴-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-吡啶及N-甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺,使用範例3A所述之條件製備。需要藉由逆相管柱層析術之另外純化(C18,
於水中之10→100% CH3CN),產生標題化合物,呈灰白色固體,31%產率:IR(薄膜)1663,1316,1163cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.56(s,2H),9.40(s,1H),8.96(dd,J=2.3,0.8Hz,1H),8.33(dd,J=8.2,0.8Hz,1H),8.13(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),7.73-7.67(m,2H),7.40(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -57.77;HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C17H11F3N3O2計算,346.0798;發現,346.0803。
步驟B:製備2,2-二甲基-1-(吡啶-3-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(27)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加ZnCl2(14.3毫克,0.105毫莫耳)及LiCl(16.3毫克,0.384毫莫耳),且頂部空間以N2沖淨。於THF中之tBuMgCl之1M溶液(593μL,0.593毫莫耳)於室溫添加,且反應混合物攪拌1小時,冷卻至0℃,且以於無水THF(2327μL)中之嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮(114毫克,0.33毫莫耳)之溶液處理。於0℃經1小時後,添加另外之tBuMgCl溶液(350μL,0.350毫莫耳),且攪拌於0℃持續另外1小時,且於冷時以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(2毫升)抑制。混合物以EtOAc(3 x 2毫升)萃取,且混合萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過
濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→45% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(47.9毫克,36%),呈亮黃色半固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例9:製備1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)-2-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-2-醇(28)。
步驟A:製備5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶甲醛。
對於甲苯(50毫升)中之2-溴-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶(5.00克,15.8毫莫耳)之溶液,於-78℃以滴液方式添加n-BuLi(2.5M,於己烷中,16毫升,39.5毫莫耳),且反應混合物攪拌15分鐘,以無水DMF(6毫升,79.1毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理,,且於-78℃攪拌1小時。反應混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液抑制,加溫至室溫,且以EtOAc萃取。萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(1.2克,29%),呈黃色固體。
步驟B:製備2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲
氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇。
對於無水Et2O(20毫升)中之Mg粉末(291毫克,11.2毫莫耳)之懸浮液,緩慢添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氯-2-氟苯(2.5克,11.2毫莫耳),且反應混合物劇烈攪拌15分鐘(觀察到劇烈迴流)。於0℃將此格里那溶液以滴液方式添加至於Et2O(10毫升)中之5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶甲醛(1.2克,4.5毫莫耳)之溶液,且反應混合物加溫至室溫並且攪拌1小時。反應混合物以冰水(100毫升)抑制,且以EtOAc萃取。萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題 化合物,呈灰白色固體(1.1克,59%)。
步驟C:製備2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-吡啶-2-基)乙酮。
對於無水CH2Cl2(20毫升)中之2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-吡啶-2-基)乙醇(1.1克,2.67
毫莫耳)之溶液,於0℃一部份一部份地添加Dess-Martin過碘烷(2.3克,5.35毫莫耳),且反應混合物加溫至室溫並且攪拌16小時。反應混合物真空過濾,且濾併以CH2Cl2清洗,且濾液於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之10→15% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(900毫克,83%),呈灰白色固體。
步驟D:製備2-(2-(4-氯-2-氟苯甲基)環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-(三氟-甲氧基)苯基)吡啶。
對於tBuOH(5毫升)中之三甲基碘化亞碸(320毫克,1.45毫莫耳)之懸浮液,於50℃添加第三丁氧化鉀(KOtBu,163毫克,1.45毫莫耳),且反應混合物攪拌30分鐘,以於tBuOH(2毫升)中之2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯基)吡啶-2-基)乙酮(400毫克,0.96毫莫耳)之溶液處理,且於50℃攪拌16小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,倒至水中,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,於減壓下濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(140毫克,24%),呈黃色油。
步驟E:製備1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)-2-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-2-醇(28)。
對於DMSO(5毫升)中之2-(2-(4-氯-2-氟苯甲基)環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯基)吡啶(130毫克,0.3毫莫耳)之溶液,於惰性氛圍下添加1H-四唑(43毫克,0.6毫莫耳)及K2CO3(63毫克,0.45毫莫耳)。反應混合物加熱至70℃並且攪拌30小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,倒至水中,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,且於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於石油醚中之5→10% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(23毫克,15%),呈灰白色固體。特徵數據見表2。
2H位向異構物(30毫克,20%)亦以灰白色固體獲得:1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 8.63(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.40(s,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.32(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.16(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.04-6.92(m,2H),5.32(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),5.10(s,1H),5.06(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),3.35(d,J=13.8Hz,1H),3.26(d,J=13.8Hz,1H);ESIMS m/z 494[M+H]+。
範例10:製備1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)-4,4-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)戊-2-炔-1-醇(29)及1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)
吡啶-2-基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(30)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔(23.7μL,0.289毫莫耳),且小玻璃瓶以N2沖淨。添加無水THF(0.2毫升),且反應混合物冷卻至0℃。形成之溶液以於THF中之EtMgBr溶液(1.0M,289μL,0.289毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理,且混合物於0℃攪拌15分鐘,加溫至40℃且於40℃攪拌2小時,然後,冷卻至室溫。對一單獨小玻璃瓶,添加(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(30毫克,0.096毫莫耳)及THF(481μL),且混合物冷卻至0℃。新製備之乙炔化物以滴液方式添加,且反應於0℃攪拌4小時。反應於冷時以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(2毫升)抑制,以EtOAc(3 x 2毫升)萃取,且混合萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→60% EtOAc),提供標題化合物29及30。
化合物29(17毫克,45%產率)係以淺黃色混濁黏
稠油隔離:特徵數據見表2。
化合物30(3.6毫克,11%產率)係以淺黃色黏稠油隔離:特徵數據見表2。
範例11:製備2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)-吡啶-2-基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)乙醇(41)。
對於Et2O(2毫升)中之Mg粉末(0.012克,0.48毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,緩慢添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氯-2-氟苯(0.076克,0.48毫莫耳),於期間,觀察到迴流之溶劑。完全添加後,反應混合物於室溫攪拌30分鐘,且新製備之格里那試劑於0℃添加至於Et2O(3毫升)中之(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(自範例3,於3B中使用4-氯酚;0.1克,0.32毫莫耳)之溶液。反應混合物加溫至室溫,攪拌30分鐘,以飽和NH4Cl水溶液小心抑制,且以EtOAc(2 x 20毫升)萃取。混合有機萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,於減壓下濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),產生標題化合物(10毫克,7%),呈黃色液體:特徵數據見表2。
範例12:製備1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)-吡啶-2-基)-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)丙-2-醇(42)。
步驟A:製備5-(4-氯苯氧基)2-氰基吡啶。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一經烘箱乾燥的圓底燒瓶,添加2-氰基-5-氟吡啶(10克,81.9毫莫耳)、4-氯酚(15.7克,122.9毫莫耳),及K2CO3(22.1克,163.8毫莫耳),其後添加DMSO(100毫升)。反應混合物加熱至120℃,且於120℃攪拌3小時。反應冷卻至室溫,以水(200毫升)稀釋,且形成之固體藉由過濾(Buchner漏斗)收集,經空氣乾燥,且以戊烷清洗,提供5-(4-氯苯氧基)2-氰基吡啶與5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶醯胺之混合物。固體(10克)溶於THF,且形成之溶液以三乙胺(Et3N,8.14克,80.6毫莫耳)處理,冷卻至0℃,且於30分鐘期間以三氟乙酸酐(TFAA,16.9克,80.6毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理。反應混合物攪拌10分鐘,以水(100毫升)抑制,且以EtOAc(500毫升)萃取。有機萃取物以水及鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(7克,48%)。
步驟B:製備5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶甲醛。
對於THF(70毫升)中之5-(4-氯苯氧基)2-氰基吡啶(7克,30.4毫莫耳)之溶液,於-78℃添加DIBAL-H(25%,於甲苯中,86.4毫升,152毫莫耳),且反應混合物於-78℃攪拌30分鐘。反應混合物於-78℃以2N HCl抑制,加溫至室溫,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物以水及鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及且於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(5.4克,76%)。
步驟C:製備2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇。
對於Et2O(60毫升)中之Mg粉末(1.12克,46.9毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,緩慢添加1-(溴甲基)-4-氯-2-氟苯(0.615克,5.08毫莫耳),期間觀察到溶劑迴流。完全添加後,反應混合物於室溫攪拌30分鐘。新製備之格里那試劑於0℃添加至於Et2O(60毫升)中之5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶甲醛(5.4克,23.4毫莫耳)之溶液,且混合物加溫至室溫,攪拌30分鐘 以飽和NH4Cl水溶液抑制,且以EtOAc(2 x 200毫升)萃取。混合之有機萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮,提供一殘餘物,其藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),產生標題化合物(4克,45%),呈白色固體。
步驟D:製備2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)
吡啶-2-基)乙酮。
對於CH2Cl2(40毫升)中之2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)-吡啶-2-基)乙醇(4.00克,10.6毫莫耳)之溶液,於0℃以一部份一部份地添加Dess-Martin過碘烷(8.99克,21.2毫莫耳),且反應混合物於室溫攪拌16小時。反應混合物經由以CH2Cl2沖洗之塞里塑料過濾,且濾液於減壓下濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(3.6克,92%)。
步驟E:製備2-(2-(4-氯-2-氟苯甲基)環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶。
對於Et2O(10毫升)中之2-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-1-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)乙酮(1克,2.66毫莫耳)之攪拌懸浮液,於0℃緩慢添加重氮甲烷(50毫升,0.5M於Et2O中),且混合物於室溫攪拌16小時。反應混合物以冷水小心抑制,且以EtOAc萃取。有機萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,且於減壓下濃縮,產生一油狀殘餘物,其藉由管柱
層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(0.350克,36%)。
步驟F:製備1-(4-氯-2-氟苯基)-2-(5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)-3-(1H-四唑-1-基)丙-2-醇(42)。
對於DMSO(3.5毫升)中之2-(2-(4-氯-2-氟苯甲基)-環氧乙-2-基)-5-(4-氯苯氧基)吡啶(0.350克,8.99毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液,於室溫於惰性氛圍(N2)下添加1H-四唑(0.125克,17.98毫莫耳),其後添加K2CO3(0.186克,13.485毫莫耳)。反應混合物加溫至60℃且於60℃攪拌16小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以冰冷水(20毫升)稀釋,且以EtOAc(2 x 100毫升)萃取。混合之有機萃取物於無水Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,於減壓下濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2),提供標題化合物(140毫克,34%),呈灰白色固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例13:製備2-環丙基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇(45)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加5-溴嘧
啶(33.9毫克,0.213毫莫耳)及2-環丙基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)乙酮(自2-環丙基-N-甲氧基-N-甲基乙醯胺使用範例3,步驟A及B所述之條件製備;40毫克,0.119毫莫耳),其後添加THF(593μL),且反應混合物冷卻至-78℃,且以於己烷中之n-BuLi(95μL,0.237毫莫耳)之2.5M溶液處理。反應混合物於-78℃攪拌2小時,以0.5毫升之1M HCl抑制,且於水(2毫升)與EtOAc(2毫升)之間分配。相被分離,且水相以EtOAc(2 x 2毫升)進一步萃取。混合之有機物以鹽水(5毫升)清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→100% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(4.1毫克,8%),呈淺黃色黏稠油:特徵數據見表2。
範例14:2-(5-(4-氯苯基)吡啶-2-基)-1,1,1-三氟-3-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-2-醇(46)。
對於THF(807μL)中之1-(5-(4-氯苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2-(嘧啶-5-基)乙酮(50毫克,0.161毫莫耳)及三甲基(三氟甲基)矽烷(35.8μL,0.242毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於0℃添加CsF(4.90毫克,0.032毫莫耳),且反應混合物攪拌
85分鐘,以2毫升1N HCl抑制,攪拌45分鐘,加溫至室溫,以水稀釋,且以EtOAc(3x)萃取。混合之有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥。溶劑被蒸發,且形成之殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之30→60%丙酮),產生標題化合物及其相對應之TMS醚。TMS醚溶於THF(1.5毫升),以另外之1N HCl(1毫升)處理,且於室溫攪拌隔夜,此時,LCMS顯示完全轉化成自由羥基產物。反應混合物藉由添加飽和含水NaHCO3抑制(觀察到氣體逸出),以EtOAc(3x)萃取,且混合之有機萃取物藉由通過一相分離器匣乾燥。揮發性組份於溫和N2流下移除,產生標題化合物(28毫克,45.7%),呈棕色油:特徵數據見表2。
範例15:製備(2,4-二氟苯基)(嘧啶-5-基)(5-(4-(三氟-甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲醇(91)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加1-溴-2,4-二氟苯(19.9μL,0.176毫莫耳),且此小玻璃瓶以N2沖淨。添加無水Et2O(306μL),且反應混合物冷卻至-78℃,且以於己烷中之n-BuLi之溶液(2.5M,70.4μL,0.176毫莫耳)處理。反應混合物於-78℃攪拌30分鐘,且以於無水Et2O(306μL)中之嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-吡啶
-2-基)甲酮(範例8A;52.8毫克,0.153毫莫耳)之溶液以滴液方式處理,以另外之Et2O(0.5毫升)及THF(1毫升)沖洗。形成之混合物於-78℃攪拌2小時,加溫至0℃且於0℃攪拌1小時,然後,於冷時以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(2毫升)抑制。混合物以EtOAc(3 x 2毫升)萃取,且混合之萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→40% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(27毫克,37%),呈灰白色黏稠半固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例16:製備2,2-二甲基-1-嘧啶-5-基-1-[5-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]-2-吡啶基]丁-1-醇(93)。
步驟A:製備(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮。
裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一圓底燒瓶係以5-溴-2-碘吡啶(7.13克,25.1毫莫耳)裝填,且燒瓶以N2沖淨。添加無水THF(67毫升),且反應混合物冷卻至-40℃,於10分鐘期間以於THF中之2.0M異丙基氯化鎂溶液(12.56毫升,25.1毫莫耳)處理,且於-40℃攪拌1小時。形成之混濁淺棕色反
應混合物於10分鐘期間以於無水THF(16.8毫升)中之N-甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺(4.2克,25.1毫莫耳)之溶液處理,於-40℃攪拌45分鐘,且加溫至室溫。反應混合物以飽和氯化銨(NH4Cl)水溶液(100毫升)抑制,且以DCM(3 x 50毫升)萃取。混合之有機相於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於DCM中之0→20% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(3.41克,50%),呈淺黃色固體:IR(薄膜)1667,1560,1314cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.50(s,2H),9.39(s,1H),8.81(dd,J=2.0,1.0Hz,1H),8.18-8.06(m,2H);HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C10H7BrN3O計算,263.9767;發現,263.9767。
步驟B:製備1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丁-1-醇。
裝設一磁性攪拌棒且裝配一隔膜蓋之一小玻璃瓶以N2沖淨且以(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(210毫克,0.80毫莫耳)及無水THF(2.6毫升)裝填。反應混合物冷卻至0℃,以於Et2O中之1M第三戊基氯化鎂溶液(1.19毫升,1.193毫莫耳)以滴液方式處理,於0℃攪拌至完全,且以飽和NH4Cl水溶液(5毫升)抑制。反應混合物加溫至室溫,以EtOAc(3 x 5毫升)萃取,且混合之有機萃取物於MgSO4上乾
燥,過濾,濃縮,且藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→50% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(134毫克,49%),呈淺褐色固體:IR(薄膜)3233,1556,1459,1412,1362cm-1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.18(s,2H),9.07(s,1H),8.64(dd,J=2.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.88(dd,J=8.6,2.4Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J=8.6,0.8Hz,1H),5.42(s,1H),1.54-1.40(m,1H),1.39-1.28(m,1H),0.99(s,6H),0.80(t,J=7.5Hz,3H);HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C15H19BrN3O計算,336.0706;發現336.0708。
步驟C:製備2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯基)吡啶-2-基)丁-1-醇。
標題化合物係自1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丁-1-醇及(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)硼酸,依據範例7A所述之條件製備,且以淺黃色發泡體隔離,70%產率:特徵數據見表2。
範例17:製備1-(5-(2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(124)。
步驟A:製備2-(2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環。
步驟B:製備1-(5-(2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇。
標題化合物係自1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(如範例16A-16B所述般,以tBuMgCl於-78℃製備)及2-(2-氟-4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環,依據範例7A所述之條件製備,且以白色發泡體隔離,47%產率:特徵數據見表2。
範例18:製備1-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)乙酮O-甲基肟(130及132)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,於室溫添加如範例16所述般製備之1-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)乙酮(188毫克,0.520毫莫耳)、NaOAc(51.2毫克,0.624毫莫耳)、O-甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽
(52.1毫克,0.624毫莫耳),及MeOH(3.5毫升),且反應混合物於室溫攪拌約15小時。反應混合物以飽和NaHCO3水溶液(10毫升)稀釋,以DCM(3 x 5毫升)萃取,且混合之有機萃取物以水(2 x 5毫升)清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(於己烷中之SiO2,0→40% EtOAc),產生(E)-1-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)乙酮O-甲基肟(154毫克,76%),呈白色固體,及(Z)-1-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)乙酮O-甲基肟(14毫克,7%),呈白色固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例19:製備5-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)噻吩-2-甲醯胺(133)。
標題化合物係自1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇及5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)噻吩-2-腈,依據範例7A所述之條件製備,且以白色固體隔離,10%產率:特徵數據見表2。
範例20:製備2-(3-氟苯基)-1-嘧啶-5-基-1-[5-[4-(三氟甲氧基)-苯基]-2-吡啶基]乙醇(139)。
步驟A:製備1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2-(3-氟苯基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)乙醇。
對裝置一磁性攪拌棒之一經烘箱乾燥之小玻璃瓶,添加已以2N HCl清洗並且乾燥之鎂金屬(Mg)(18.0毫克,0.74毫莫耳),且小玻璃瓶以N2沖淨。添加I2之結晶,且混合物以無水Et2O(1.4毫升)稀釋,並且以1-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯(91μL,0.74毫莫耳)以使得未觀察到自Mg起始的速率處理。反應容器週期性加溫,使得溫和迴流至I2顏色消散且大部份Mg消耗掉為止。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,並且劇烈攪拌30。對一單獨小玻璃瓶,添加(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(150毫克,0.57毫莫耳)及無水THF(2.8毫升)。形成之溶液冷卻至0℃,且新製備之格里那溶液緩慢轉移至含有此酮之燒瓶,以另外之無水THF(1.4毫升)沖洗。混合物於0℃攪拌3小時,且加溫至室溫,冰熔融。5小時後,反應混合物以飽和含水NH4Cl(5毫升)抑制,且以EtOAc(3 x 3
毫升)萃取。混合之萃取物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,並且濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→60% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(112毫克,52%),呈淺黃色黏稠油:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.11(s,1H),8.95(s,2H),8.59(dd,J=2.3,0.8Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=8.4,2.3Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=8.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.20-7.08(m,1H),6.89(tdd,J=8.4,2.6,1.0Hz,1H),6.82-6.72(m,2H),4.67(s,1H),3.75(d,J=13.6Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=13.6Hz,1H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -112.95;IR(薄膜)3217,1411,1092,1007,725cm-1;HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C17H14BrFN3O計算,374.0299;發現,374.0299。
步驟B:製備2-(3-氟苯基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)乙醇。
標題化合物係自1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2-(3-氟苯基)-1-(嘧啶-5-基)乙醇及(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)硼酸,依據範例7A中所述之條件製備,且以淺黃色黏稠半固體隔離,64%產率:特徵數據見表2。
範例21:製備1-(5-(4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯基)吡啶
-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(155)。
步驟A:製備1-溴-4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯。
對裝置一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,於室溫於N2下,添加於無水DCM(3.0毫升)中之1-(4-溴苯基)乙酮(295毫克,1.48毫莫耳)之溶液,其後,添加於甲苯中之50%的Deoxofluor®溶液(1.6毫升,4.45毫莫耳),且小玻璃瓶被密封。反應混合物於室溫攪拌約15小時,但發光極少轉化。混合物被濃縮,以另外之Deoxofluor®溶液(0.66毫升,1.79毫莫耳)處理,及於N2下加溫至85℃且於85℃攪拌5小時。反應混合物冷卻至0℃,且藉由以滴液方式添加飽和含水NaHCO3小心抑制,至停止氣體逸出為止。二相混合物以DCM(2 x 5毫升)萃取,且混合之萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→50% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(83毫克,25%),呈澄清液體:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.58-7.53(m,2H),7.41-7.35(m,2H),1.90(t,J=18.1Hz,3H);19F NMR(376
MHz,CDCl3)δ -87.86;IR(薄膜)1599,1294,1089cm-1;EIMS m/z 220/221。
步驟B:製備2-(4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環。
標題化合物係自1-溴-4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯,依據範例17A中所述之條件製備,且以棕色油隔離,且於未進一步純化下使用:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.91-7.83(m,2H),7.55-7.45(m,2H),1.91(t,J=18.2Hz,3H),1.35(s,12H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ -88.45;EIMS m/z 268。
步驟C:製備1-(5-(4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇。
標題化合物係自1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇及2-(4-(1,1-二氟乙基)苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環,依據範例7A中所述之條件製備,
且以淺棕色固體隔離,65%產率:特徵數據見表2。
範例22:製備1-(5-(4-碘苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(165)。
對裝設一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加於DCM(753μL)中之2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三甲基矽烷基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(59毫克,0.15毫莫耳)之溶液,其後添加於DCM(0.5毫升)中之ICl(48.9毫克,0.301毫莫耳)之溶液,且反應混合物於室溫攪拌。約23小時後,混合物以另外之於DCM(0.5毫升)中之ICl溶液(48.9毫克,0.301毫莫耳)處理,攪拌4小時,且以飽和含水硫代硫酸鈉(Na2S2O3;2毫升)抑制。混合物以DCM(2毫升)稀釋,且相被分離。有機相以水(3 x 2毫升)清洗,於Na2SO4乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→50% EtOAc),提供標題化合物(32毫克,47%),呈灰白色固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例23:製備5-(1-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶(277)。
對具有一磁性攪拌棒之一小玻璃瓶,添加2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丙-1-醇(27)(150毫克,0.372毫莫耳)及乾燥之THF(2479μl),且頭部空間以N2沖淨。對此添加氫化鈉(29.7毫克,0.744毫莫耳)。反應混合物於0℃攪拌5分鐘,此時,經由注射器添加碘甲烷(58.1μl,0.930毫莫耳)。反應逐漸加溫至室溫,然後,於16小時後藉由添加1.5毫升飽和含水NH4Cl抑制。反應混合物以水稀釋,且以EtOAc萃取3x。混合之有機層藉由通過一相分離器乾燥,且揮發物於N2下移除。殘餘物藉由管柱層析術純化(SiO2,於己烷中之0→25% EtOAc),產生標題化合物(128毫克,82%),呈油狀黃色固體:特徵數據見表2。
範例24:製備1-(5-(4-碘苯基)吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(156)。
步驟A:製備2-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
於一乾燥之100毫升圓底燒瓶,於氬氛圍下,對於乾燥之THF(9.52毫升)中之2-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)乙腈(1克,4.76毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於冰浴溫度,添加NaH(0.571克,14.28毫莫耳)。反應混合物於冰浴溫度攪拌1小時,然後,以滴液方式添加碘甲烷(0.893毫升,14.28毫莫耳),且攪拌持續3小時。反應混合物倒至碎冰及水中,且以乙酸乙酯(3x)萃取。混合之有機萃取物於硫酸鈉上乾燥,過濾,並且蒸發,提供1.1克(92%)之標題化合物,呈棕色油,其於未進一步純化下使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.53(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.13(dd,J=8.3,2.5Hz,1H),2.43(s,3H),1.70(s,6H)。GCMS m/z 237。
步驟B:製備5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶。
於裝設冷凝器、攪拌棒、溫度探針,及氮氣入口之一4頸的500毫升燒瓶中,1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙-1-醇(9.74克,28.7毫莫耳)於二烷(115毫升)中攪拌。添加乙酸鉀(3.70克,37.3毫莫耳)及4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環)(9.58克,37.3毫莫耳)。混合物以氮氣噴射5分鐘。添加Pd(dppf)Cl2(1.070克,1.436毫莫耳)。混合物加熱至85℃持續2小時,然後冷卻。反應混合物以DCM(100毫升)稀釋,且經由塞里塑料過濾。濾液濃縮至乾燥,提供膠狀固體。固體於MTBE(30毫升)及庚烷(100毫升)中形成漿料。固體被收集,以庚烷清洗,且於35℃真空乾燥,提供13.6克(86%)之標題化合物,呈灰色固體,其於未進一步純化下照原樣使用。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.11(s,2H),9.05(s,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.45(dd,J=8.1,1.4Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),1.43-1.23(m,24H),1.02(s,9H)。
步驟C:製備2-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
於一乾燥之5毫升微波小玻璃瓶中,於N2氛圍下,對於甲苯(2.423毫升)中之5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶(400毫克,0.808毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,添加2-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(385毫克,1.615毫莫耳)、氟化銫(368毫克,2.423毫莫耳),及四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(140毫克,0.121毫莫耳)。添加乙醇(0.808毫升)及水(0.808毫升),且反應混合物以氬氣沖淨1分鐘,然後,於Biotage Initiator微波爐中於110℃攪拌30分鐘。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以DCM及飽和含水NH4Cl稀釋,且整個混合物經由一棉栓過濾。然後,二相混合物於一相分離器上分離,且有機萃取物被蒸發。粗製材料於二氧化矽(ISCO,24克管柱,梯度於1分鐘期間從10%至50%EA/Hex)上純化,提供經部份純化之產物(254毫克)。物料以苯及其後以石油醚粉碎,產生固體,其以石油醚清洗,但無法自一小量組份充份純化。混合物於二氧化矽(ISCO,24克管柱,30%等度EA/Hex)上再次純化,提供162毫克(48%)之標題化合物,呈白色發泡體。特徵數據見表2。
範例25:5-(2-氰基丙-2-基)-2-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二
甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯甲腈(175)。
步驟A:製備2-溴-5-(羥基甲基)苯甲腈。
於一乾燥之100毫升圓底燒瓶中,於N2氛圍下,對於乾燥之EtOH(23.81毫升)中之2-溴-5-甲醯基苯甲腈(1克,4.76毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於冰浴溫度添加NaBH4(0.216克,5.71毫莫耳)。反應混合物於降濃攪拌,且加溫至室溫隔夜。反應混合物蒸發至乾燥,且粗製殘餘物以飽和含水NH4Cl稀釋,且攪拌30分鐘。然後,添加2N HCl,且持續攪拌至停止起泡為止。形成之白色沉澱物以吸力過濾,及空氣乾燥,提供688毫克(65%)之標題化合物,呈白色固體。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ 7.84(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.61-7.57(m,1H),5.57(s,1H),4.51(s,2H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ 143.50,132.86,132.85,132.26,122.08,117.30,113.98,61.27。ESIMS m/z 212.0[M+H]+。
步驟B:製備2-溴-5-(氯甲基)苯甲腈。
於一乾燥之50毫升圓底燒瓶,對於乾燥之DCM(11.79毫升)中之2-溴-5-(羥基甲基)苯甲腈(0.5克,2.358毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於冰浴溫度添加亞硫醯氯(0.344毫升,4.72毫莫耳)。添加DMF(0.5毫升)以幫助溶解。反應混合物於降溫攪拌15分鐘然後,加溫至室溫。1小時後,GC-MS分析指示反應完全。反應混合物以DCM及飽和含水NaHCO3稀釋,然後,劇烈攪拌30分鐘。層被分離,水層再次以DCM萃取,且混合之DCM萃取物於硫酸鈉上乾燥,並且經由一相分離器過濾。DCM被蒸發,提供485毫克(56%)之標題化合物,呈白色蠟。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.70(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.4,2.3Hz,1H),4.54(s,2H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ 137.70,134.03,133.82,133.60,125.14,116.62,116.36,43.93。GC-MS m/z 231。
步驟C:製備2-溴-5-(氰基甲基)苯甲腈。
於一乾燥之25毫升小玻璃瓶,於N2氛圍下,對於乾燥之DMSO(5.26毫升)中之2-溴-5-(氯甲基)苯甲腈(0.485克,2.104毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,添加氰化鈉(0.155克,3.16毫莫耳)。反應混合物攪拌至室溫隔夜。GC-MS指示反應完全。混合物以飽和含水NaHCO3稀釋,且
以乙醚(3x)萃取。混合之乙醚萃取物於硫酸鈉上乾燥,過濾,及蒸發。粗製物料於二氧化矽(ISCO,40克管柱,於20分鐘期間梯度係至80%丙酮/己烷,監測於220nm之UV)上純化,提供372毫克(72%)之標題化合物,呈橙色蠟。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.74(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=8.3,2.3Hz,1H),3.78(s,2H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ 134.06,133.48,133.29,130.30,125.27,116.90,116.32,23.00。GC-MS m/z 220。
步驟D:製備2-溴-5-(2-氰基丙-2-基)苯甲腈。
於一乾燥之50毫升圓底燒瓶中,於N2分圍下,對於乾燥之THF(8.41毫升)中之2-溴-5-(氰基甲基)苯甲腈(0.372克,1.683毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於冰浴溫度添加NaH(0.202克,5.05毫莫耳)。反應混合物於降溫攪拌5分鐘,然後,添加碘甲烷(0.316毫升,5.05毫莫耳),且反應混合物加溫至室溫隔夜。反應混合物以乙醚及飽和含水NH4Cl稀釋,且層被分離。水層再次以乙醚萃取,且混合之乙醚萃取物於硫酸鈉上乾燥,經由一短的二氧化矽墊材過濾,及蒸發,提供419毫克(95%)之標題化合物,呈黃色蠟。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.74(s,1H),7.73(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.60(dd,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),1.74(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ 141.88,133.86,130.99,130.88,124.86,
122.87,116.69,116.60,36.85,28.82。GCMS m/z 248。
步驟E:製備5-(2-氰基丙-2-基)-2-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯甲腈。
於一乾燥之10毫升微波小玻璃瓶中,於氬氣氛圍下,對於乾燥之甲苯(4.45毫升)及乙醇(0.297毫升)中之5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶(0.5克,1.010毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,添加磷酸鉀(0.643克,3.03毫莫耳)、2-溴-5-(2-氰基丙-2-基)苯甲腈(0.377克,1.514毫莫耳)、四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(0.117克,0.101毫莫耳),及水(0.297毫升)。反應混合物以氬氣沖淨1分鐘,然後,於一110℃之Biotage Initiator微波爐中加熱並且攪拌30分鐘。粗製物料於二氧化矽(ISCO,克管柱(gram column),於15分鐘期間梯度係至50%乙醚/DCM)上純化,提供214毫克(49%)之標題化合物,呈白色發泡體。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.24(s,2H),9.10(s,1H),8.75(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),8.02(dd,J=8.3,2.3Hz,1H),7.95-7.91(m,1H),7.90(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=8.3,2.1Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),5.81(s,1H),1.80(s,6H),1.10(s,9H)。13C NMR
(126MHz,CDCl3)δ 161.16,157.01,156.41,146.60,142.76,140.39,136.75,136.73,132.24,130.71,130.63,130.44,123.12,122.12,122.08,117.50,112.30,40.25,36.95,28.90,26.30。ESIMS m/z 412.5[M+H]+。
範例26:製備2-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)-3-(甲基硫基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(216)。
步驟A:製備2-(3-氟-4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
標題化合物(159)係自5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶及2-(4-溴-3-氟苯基)-2-甲基丙腈,依據範例24C中所述之條件製備,並且隔離,43%,呈棕色油。特徵數據見表2。
步驟B:製備2-(4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)-3-(甲基硫基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
於一乾燥之5毫升微波小玻璃瓶中,於N2氛圍下,對於乾燥之DMSO(1.648毫升)中之2-(3-氟-4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(50毫克,0.124毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,添加甲硫醇鈉(43.3毫克,0.618毫莫耳)。反應混合物於微波爐中於100℃攪拌45分鐘,然後,於室溫隔夜。UPLC-MS分析指示~75%轉化。反應混合物再次接受於微波爐中於100℃加熱30分鐘。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,且直接裝填至二氧化矽上。粗製材料於二氧化矽上純化(ISCO,24克管柱,於20分鐘期間從0%至10%至20%等至60%乙醚/己烷之階段式梯度),提供僅經部份純化之物料。含有產物之分級物被組合及蒸發,且物料再次於二氧化矽上純化(ISCO,24克管柱,梯度係從0至50%乙醚/DCM),提供45毫克(76%)之標題化合物,呈白色發泡體。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.23(s,2H),9.09(s,1H),8.59(dd,J=2.0,1.0Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),7.31(dd,J=8.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.30
(s,1H),2.42(s,3H),1.79(s,6H),1.09(s,9H)。13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ 159.25,158.68,156.90,156.43,147.21,142.40,138.62,137.54,137.11,135.79,134.67,130.58,124.07,122.80,121.73,121.49,40.14,37.26,29.11,26.35,15.97。ESIMS m/z 433.5[M+H]+。
範例27:製備1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丁-2-炔-1-醇(199)。
步驟A:製備N-甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺。
對於DCM(50毫升)中之嘧啶-5-羧酸(2.5克,20.15毫莫耳)及N,O-二甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(2.49克,25.5毫莫耳)之攪拌混合物,於氮氛圍下,添加EDC.HCl(4.63克,24.17毫莫耳)及DMAP(3.69克,30.2毫莫耳)。形成之反應混合物於室溫攪拌14小時。反應混合物於減壓下濃縮;獲得之粗製物料藉由閃式管柱層析術純化(100-200,SiO2,50-70% EA/己烷),產生N-甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺,呈淡棕色
液體。產物藉由1H NMR及LCMS確認。(2.8克,83%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.28(s,1H),9.10(s,2H),3.59(s,3H),3.41(s,3H);ESIMS m/z 167.97[M+H]+。
步驟B:製備(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮。
對於乾燥之THF(50毫升)中之5-溴-2-碘吡啶(5克,17.60毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液,於0℃添加異丙基氯化鎂(2.0M,9.7毫升,19.36毫莫耳),且反應混合物於0℃攪拌15分鐘,其後,添加於乾燥THF(10毫升)中之N-甲氧基-N-甲基吡-2-甲醯胺(3.2克,19.36毫莫耳)。形成之反應混合物於室溫攪拌2小時。然後,反應混合物以飽和NH4Cl溶液抑制,且以EtOAc萃取。有機層以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮。獲得之粗製產物藉由管柱層析術純化(100-200篩目之二氧化矽),提供(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(吡-2-基)甲酮(2),呈淡黃色固體(2克,43%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.49(s,2H),9.38(s,1H),8.82(s,1H),8.12(d,J=2.1Hz,2H);ESIMS m/z 264.10[M+H]+。
步驟C:製備嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮。
對於乾燥THF(25毫升)中之5-溴吡啶-2-基)(嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(1.0克,3.816毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液,添加4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基硼酸(0.930克,4.580毫莫耳)及K3PO4(2.57克,11.450毫莫耳)。然後,反應混合物以氬氣除氣5分鐘,添加X-phos(70毫克,4莫耳%)及Pd(OAc)2(50毫克,2莫耳%),且反應混合物於一密閉容器中加熱至70-80℃持續5小時。反應混合物冷卻至室溫,以水稀釋,及以乙酸乙酯(3 x 20毫升)萃取。混合之有機層於無水MgSO4上乾燥,且揮發物於減壓下移除。形成之粗製物料藉由管柱層析術純化,以於己烷內之20-25%乙酸乙酯洗提,提供嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮(3),呈淡黃色固體(1.0克,63%);1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.55(s,2H),9.39(s,1H),8.84(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.33(dd,J=2.4,8.0Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=2.4,8.0Hz,1H),7.70(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H);ESIMS m/z 346.47[M+H]+。
步驟D:製備1-(嘧啶-5-基)-1-(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)丁-2-炔-1-醇。
於乾燥THF(17毫升)中之嘧啶-5-基(5-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)吡啶-2-基)甲酮(0.505克,1.464毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液冷卻至-78℃,添加丙-1-炔-1-基溴化鎂(0.5M,8.78毫升,4.39毫莫耳),且於-78℃攪拌1小時。反應混合物以飽和NH4Cl水溶液抑制,且以乙酸乙酯萃取。有機層以鹽水清洗,於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及於減壓下濃縮。粗製產物藉由管柱層析術純化(100-200篩目之二氧化矽),提供350毫克(62%)之標題化合物,呈棕色黏性液體。特徵數據見表2。
範例28:製備2-(4-(6-(1-羥基-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(129)。
步驟A:製備N,4-二甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺。
於裝置一攪拌棒之一500毫升的單頸燒瓶中,4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-羧酸(8.0克,33.2毫莫耳)及N,O-二甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(4.30克,43.2毫莫耳)於DCM(166毫升)中攪拌。添加DMAP(6.15克,49.8毫莫耳)及EDC氫氯酸鹽(7.72克,39.9毫莫耳)。混合物於18℃攪拌64小時,然後,二氧化矽(~50克)添加至反應混合物。黃色懸浮液被濃縮,然後,裝填至二氧化矽(~100克)上。經由二氧化矽管柱(80克)使用EtOAc層析。產物分級物被濃縮,提供2.4克(36%)之標題化合物,無色油,其於未進一步純化下使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.81(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),4.05(d,J=0.7Hz,3H),3.55(s,3H),3.35(s,3H)。
步驟B:製備(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)甲酮。
於裝設氮氣入口及溫度探針之一3頸的250毫升燒瓶中,於-15℃,使5-溴-2-碘吡啶(5.02克,17.34毫莫耳)於THF(28.9毫升)中攪拌。以滴液方式添加異丙基氯化鎂(2M,THF)(8.67毫升,17.34毫莫耳),維持T<-10℃。棕
色懸浮液於-10℃攪拌1小時。於THF(20毫升)中之N,4-二甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺(2.4克,11.56毫莫耳)之溶液滴液方式添加,維持T=-10℃。於-10℃攪拌30分鐘(固體溶解)後,冷浴維持於位置,且使混合物加溫。3小時後,溫度達5℃。添加1N HCl(20毫升)使pH調整至~7。混合物以EtOAc(2 x 100毫升)抑制。混合之萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾及濃縮,提供黃色油。粗製物料使用DCM裝填至二氧化矽(25克)上,且於二氧化矽(80克)上使用40% EtOAc/己烷層析,提供2.19克(61%)之標題化合物,呈淺褐色固體。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.91(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.74-8.66(m,2H),8.06(dd,J=8.3,2.1Hz,1H),8.03-7.97(m,1H),3.95(d,J=1.7Hz,3H)。HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C11H9BrN3O2計算,293.9873;發現,293.9873。
步驟C:製備1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙-1-醇。
於裝設攪拌棒、溫度探針及氮氣入口之一200毫升的單頸燒瓶中,(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(2.19克,7.07毫莫耳)於THF(60毫升)中攪拌。溶液冷卻至-75℃。第三丁基氯化鎂(2M,Et2O)(4.24毫升,8.49毫莫耳)藉由注射器以滴液方式添加,維持T<-70℃。橙色混合物於-75℃攪拌。1小時後,冷浴被移除,且混合物快速但小
心地以0.5N HCl(17毫升)抑制(最終pH~7)。混合物以EtOAc(2 x 50毫升)萃取。混合之萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,提供一橙色油。此油溶於DCM,且裝填至二氧化矽(25克)上。經由閃式層析術純化(二氧化矽,25-40% EtOAc/己烷),提供1.38克(50%)之標題化合物,呈黃色油。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.12(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),8.58(dd,J=2.4,0.5Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=8.7,2.4Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=8.5,0.6Hz,1H),5.44(s,1H),3.84(s,3H),1.11(s,9H)。HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C15H19BrN3O2計算,352.0655;發現,352.0649。
步驟D:製備5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)-4-甲氧基嘧啶。
於裝設攪拌棒、溫度探針及氮氣入口之一單頸的200毫升燒瓶中,1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙-1-醇(1.38克,3.53毫莫耳)於二烷(35.3毫升)中攪拌。添加乙酸鉀(0.454克,4.58毫莫耳)及4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環)(0.904克,
3.53毫莫耳)。混合物以氮氣噴射5分鐘。添加Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.131克,0.176毫莫耳)。混合物加熱85℃。3小時後,藉由UPLC檢測無起始材料。使混合物冷卻至室溫。混合物以DCM(50毫升)稀釋,且經由塞里塑料過濾。濾液被濃縮至乾燥,提供黑色發泡體。粗製發泡體被取至DMSO(~8毫升)及MeOH(~3毫升)中,且經由逆相層析術純化(C18,250克,30-70% ACN/水),提供750毫克(36%)之標題化合物,呈白色固體,其於未進一步純化照原樣使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.27(s,1H),8.85(s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.33(q,J=8.1Hz,2H),3.85(s,3H),1.44-0.84(m,33H)。
步驟E:製備2-(4-(6-(1-羥基-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙基)吡啶-3-基)-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
於一乾燥之5毫升微波小玻璃瓶中,於N2氛圍下,對於乾燥甲苯(2285μl)吽之5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)-4-甲氧基嘧啶(100毫克,0.190毫莫耳)之磁性攪拌混合物,於大氣壓,添加2-(4-溴-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(54.4毫克,0.228毫莫耳)(如24A
中所述般製備)、氟化銫(87毫克,0.571毫莫耳),及四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(22.00毫克,0.019毫莫耳)。添加EtOH(762μl)及水(762μl),且反應混合物以氬氣沖淨1分鐘。反應混合物於一Biotage Initiator微波爐中於110℃攪拌30分鐘,冷卻至室溫,且裝填至一里塑料乾燥裝置匣上。粗製物料於二氧化矽上純化(ISCO,24克管柱,於15分鐘期間梯度至50%乙醚/DCM),提供40毫克(46.4%)之標題化合物,呈澄清黏稠油。特徵數據見表2。
範例29:製備2-(3-乙基-4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(112)。
步驟A:製備4-溴-3-乙基苯甲醛。
對一200毫升圓底燒瓶,添加1-溴-2-乙基-4-碘苯(5.0克,16.08毫莫耳)及乙醚(161毫升)。反應置於惰性氛圍下,且於一乾冰/丙酮浴中冷卻。然後,正丁基鋰(6.75毫升,16.88毫莫耳)以滴液方式添加。使反應攪拌20分鐘。然後,添加N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(1.364毫升,17.69毫莫耳),且冰浴熔融時,使反應加溫至室溫。反應混合物倒至鹽水溶液內,
且以EtOAc(2 x 25毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術純化(ISCO,24克二氧化矽,於己烷內之0-30% EtOAc),提供2.95克(85%)之標題化合物,呈黃色液體。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ 10.00(s,1H),7.86(t,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.2,3.1Hz,1H),7.66(dt,J=8.2,2.1Hz,1H),2.79(qd,J=7.5,2.5Hz,2H),1.22(td,J=7.5,1.7Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ 192.25,143.66,135.68,133.36,130.37,130.18,128.31,28.50,13.74。EIMS m/z 213。
步驟B:製備(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)甲醇。
對以4-溴-3-乙基苯甲醛(2.954克,13.86毫莫耳)進料之一200毫升的圓底燒瓶,添加THF(100毫升)及硼氫化鈉(0.551克,14.56毫莫耳)。使反應於室溫攪拌隔夜。反應以水抑制。形成之溶液倒至鹽水溶液內,且以EtOAc(3 x 50毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術純化(ISCO,40克二氧化矽,於己烷中之0-20% EtOAc),提供2.58克(86%)之標題化合物,呈淺黃色液體。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ 7.50(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.08(dd,J=8.2,2.2Hz,1H),5.25(t,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.46(d,J=5.7Hz,2H),2.69(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.16(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO)δ 142.97,142.57,132.49,128.27,126.43,121.72,
62.67,29.20,14.77。EIMS m/z 215。
步驟C:製備1-溴-4-(氯甲基)-2-乙苯。
對以(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)甲醇(2.576克,11.98毫莫耳)進料之一200毫升之圓底燒瓶,添加二氯甲烷(DCM)(100毫升)、三乙基胺(3.34毫升,23.95毫莫耳),及甲烷磺醯氯(1.120毫升,14.37毫莫耳)。使反應於室溫攪拌經過週末。反應倒至鹽水溶液內,且以另外之DCM(3 x 30毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術純化(ISCO,40克二氧化矽,於己烷中之0-50% EtOAc),提供1.9克(67%)之標題化合物,呈澄清液體。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ 7.57(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.21(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),4.73(s,2H),2.70(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO)δ 143.36,138.00,133.15,130.59,128.75,123.77,45.80,29.12,14.55。EIMS m/z 233。
步驟D:製備2-(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)乙腈。
對以1-溴-4-(氯甲基)-2-乙苯(1.9克,8.14毫莫耳)進料之一200毫升的圓底燒瓶,添加DMF(40.7毫升)及氰化鉀(0.583克,8.95毫莫耳)。使反應攪拌3小時。藉由GCMS分析顯示~50%完全。使反應於室溫攪拌隔夜。反應倒至飽
和Na2CO3溶液,且以EtOAc(3 x 40毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術純化(ISCO,40克二氧化矽,於己烷中之0-40 EtOAc),提供1.152克(63%)之標題化合物,呈澄清液體。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ 7.60(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),4.02(s,2H),2.70(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO)δ 143.67,133.39,131.69,129.98,128.09,123.02,119.39,29.13,22.36,14.58。EIMS m/z 224。
步驟E:製備2-(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
對以2-(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)乙腈(1.052克,4.69毫莫耳)進料之一20毫升小玻璃瓶,添加THF(45.0毫升)。反應於一冰水浴中冷卻,然後,添加第三丁氧化鉀(1.185克,10.56毫莫耳)。使反應攪拌20分鐘,然後,添加碘甲烷(0.646毫升,10.33毫莫耳)。使反應攪拌4小時。然後,反應倒至鹽水溶液內,且以EtOAc(2 x 30毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術純化(ISCO,40克二氧化矽,於己烷中之0-30% EtOAc),提供1.05克(88%)之標題化合物,呈半固體。1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO)δ 7.62(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J=8.4,2.6Hz,1H),2.73(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),
1.68(s,6H),1.18(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO)δ 143.69,141.88,133.31,127.21,125.31,124.79,123.08,36.89,29.35,28.64,14.77。EIMS m/z 252。
步驟F:製備2-(3-乙基-4-(6-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-1-(嘧啶-5-基)丙基)吡啶-3-基)苯基)-2-甲基丙腈。
對一20毫升微波容器,加入5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)嘧啶(500毫克,1.010毫莫耳)、磷酸鉀(536毫克,2.52毫莫耳),及雙(三苯基膦)氯化鈀(II)(35.4毫克,0.050毫莫耳)。容器被密封及泵取,且以N2氣體(3x)沖淨。然後,添加於二烷(5.0毫升)中之2-(4-溴-3-乙基苯基)-2-甲基丙腈(305毫克,1.212毫莫耳)之溶液,其後添加水(1.250毫升)。反應被泵取且以N2氣體(3x)沖淨。反應使用微波動力加熱至100℃持續1小時。反應倒至鹽水溶液內,且以EtOAc(2 x 25毫升)萃取。混合之有機物於MgSO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮。形成之殘餘物藉由閃式層析術(ISCO,40克二氧化矽,於己烷中之0-70% EtOAc)及逆相層析術(ISCO,100克C18 5-於H2O中之100% ACN)純化,提供225毫克(53%)之標題化合物,
呈白色發泡體。特徵數據見表2。
範例30:製備1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-[2,3'-二吡啶]-6'-基)丙-1-醇(119)。
步驟A:製備N,4-二甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺。
於裝設一攪拌棒之一500毫升的單頸燒瓶內,4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-羧酸(8.0克,33.2毫莫耳)及N,O-二甲基羥基胺氫氯酸鹽(4.30克,43.2毫莫耳)於DCM(166毫升)中攪拌。添加DMAP(6.15克,49.8毫莫耳)及EDC氫氯酸鹽(7.72克,39.9毫莫耳)。混合物於18℃攪拌64小時,然後,二氧化矽(~50克)添加至反應混合物。黃色懸浮液被濃縮,然後,裝填至二氧化矽(~100克)上。經由一二氧化矽管柱(80克)使用EtOAc層析。產物分級物被濃縮,提供2.4克(36%)之標題化合物,無色油,其係於未進一步純化下被使用。1H NMR(400
MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.81(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),4.05(d,J=0.7Hz,3H),3.55(s,3H),3.35(s,3H)。
步驟B:製備(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)甲酮。
於裝設氮氣入口及溫度探針之一3頸的250毫升燒瓶中,於-15℃,5-溴-2-碘吡啶(5.02克,17.34毫莫耳)於THF(28.9毫升)中攪拌。異丙基氯化鎂(2M,THF)(8.67毫升,17.34毫莫耳)以滴液方式添加,維持T<-10℃。棕色懸浮液於-10℃攪拌1小時。於THF(20毫升)中之N,4-二甲氧基-N-甲基嘧啶-5-甲醯胺(2.4克,11.56毫莫耳)之溶液以滴液方式添加,維持T=-10℃。於-10℃攪拌30分鐘後,冷卻維持於位置,且使混合物加溫。3小時後,溫度達到5℃。添加1N HCl(20毫升)使Ph調整至~7。混合物以EtOAc(2 x 100毫升)萃取。混合之萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,提供黃色油。粗製物料使用DCM裝填至二氧化矽上(25克),且於二氧化矽(80克)使用40% EtOAc/己烷層析,提供2.19克(61%)之標題化合物,呈淡棕色固體。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.91(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),8.74-8.66(m,2H),8.06(dd,J=8.3,2.1Hz,1H),8.03-7.97(m,1H),3.95(d,J=1.7Hz,3H)。HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C11H9BrN3O2計算,293.9873;發現,293.9873。
步驟C:製備1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙-1-醇。
於裝設攪拌棒、溫度探針,及氮氣入口之一200毫升的單頸燒瓶中,(5-溴吡啶-2-基)(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)甲酮(2.19克,7.07毫莫耳)於THF(60毫升)中攪拌。溶液冷卻至-75℃。第三丁基氯化鎂(2M,Et2O)(4.24毫升,8.49毫莫耳)藉由注射器以滴液方式添加,維持T<-70℃。橙色混合物於-75℃攪拌。1小時後,冷卻被移除,且混合物被快速但小心地以0.5N HCl(17毫升)抑制(最終pH~7)。混合物以EtOAc(2 x 50毫升)萃取。混合之萃取物於Na2SO4上乾燥,過濾,及濃縮,提供橙色油。此油被溶於DCM且裝填至二氧化矽(25克)上。經由於二氧化矽(80克)上使用25-40% EtOAc/己烷之閃式層析術純化,提供1.38克(50%)之標題化合物,呈黃色油。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.12(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),8.58(dd,J=2.4,0.5Hz,1H),7.77(dd,J=8.7,2.4Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=8.5,0.6Hz,1H),5.44(s,1H),3.84(s,3H),1.11(s,9H)。HRMS-ESI(m/z)[M+H]+對於C15H19BrN3O2計算,352.0655;發現,352.0649。
步驟D:製備5-(2,2-二甲基-1-((4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)氧)-1-(5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧硼戊環-2-基)吡啶-2-基)丙基)-4-甲氧基嘧啶。
於裝設攪拌棒、溫度探針,及氮氣入口之一單頸的200毫升燒瓶中,1-(5-溴吡啶-2-基)-1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基丙-1-醇(1.38克,3.53毫莫耳)於二烷(35.3毫升)中攪拌。添加乙酸鉀(0.454克,4.58毫莫耳)及4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧硼戊環)(0.904克,3.53毫莫耳)。混合物以氮氣噴射5分鐘。添加Pd(dppf)Cl2(0.131克,0.176毫莫耳)。混合物加熱至85℃。3小時後,藉由UPLC檢測無起始物料。使混合物冷卻。混合物以DCM(50毫升)稀釋,且經由塞里塑料過濾。濾液被濃縮至乾燥,提供黑色發泡體。粗製發泡體被取至DMSO(~8毫升)及MeOH(~3毫升)中,且於C18(250克)上使用30-70% ACN/水層析,提供750毫克(36%)之標題化合物,呈白色固體,其於未進一步純化下使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 9.27(s,1H),8.85(s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.33(q,J=8.1Hz,2H),3.85(s,3H),1.44-0.84(m,33H)。
步驟E:製備2-溴-5-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)吡啶。
對於丙酮(20毫升)中之6-溴吡啶-3-醇(1克,5.73毫莫耳)之攪拌溶液,於室溫於惰性氛圍下,添加2,2,2-三氟乙基三氟甲烷磺酸酯(2.01克,8.67毫莫耳),其後添加K2CO3(1.17克,8.67毫莫耳)。反應混合物於60℃加熱2小時。然後,反應混合物以冰冷水(20毫升)稀釋,且以EtOAc(2 x 50毫升)萃取。混合之有機層於無水Na2SO4上乾燥,並且於減壓下濃縮。獲得之粗製物料藉由管柱層析術(SiO2,100-200篩目)使用於石油醚中之30% EtOAc作為洗提液而純化,提供標題化合物(0.8克,54%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.12(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.8,1H),7.20-7.15(m,1H)4.39(q,J=8.0Hz,2H);ESIMS m/z 256[M+H]+。
步驟F:製備1-(4-甲氧基嘧啶-5-基)-2,2-二甲基-1-(5-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-[2,3'-二吡啶]-6'-基)丙-1-醇(119)。
範例A:評估殺真菌活性:小麥葉斑病(禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola);無性態:小麥殼真孢(Septoria tritici);拜耳(Bayer)編矽SEPTTR):對於A型分析,以下表4中之工業級實驗殺真菌劑溶於丙酮,然後,與9份體積之含有110ppm之Triton X-100的水混合。殺真菌劑溶液係使用自動化棚噴灑器施用於小麥苗上。對於B型分析,以下表4中之工業級實驗殺真菌劑之可乳化濃縮物(EC)調配物係以10%(w/v)製備,然後,與150份體積之0.1% Trycol 5941混合。此等溶液係使用自動化軌道噴灑器以200L/ha施用於小麥苗上。所有經噴灑之植物於進一步處理前係以空氣乾燥。
小麥植物(Yuma變種)係於溫室中,於50%礦物油/50%無土Metro混合物中自種籽生長至初生葉完全完全顯見為止,每一盆具有7-10個苗。於施用殺真菌劑之前或之後,植物係以標準實驗室SEPTTR隔離物之孢子(SI SEPTTR)
或以自於2012之英格蘭Wellsbourne收集之SEPTTR場隔離物之孢子(FI SEPTTR)培養。培養後,植物於20℃,100%相對濕度保持3天(於一暗露水室內一天,其後,於亮露水室中兩天)。然後,植物移至20℃溫室以供疾病發展。當疾病症狀於未經處理之植物上完全表現出時,經處理之植物上的感染程度以0至100%疾病嚴重度之等級評估。疾病控制百分率係使用經處理之植物相對於未經處理之植物的疾病嚴重比率計算。結果係於下顯示於表4中。
Claims (49)
- 一種具化學式I之化合物,或其鹽,其中:
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,R2係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之芳基或雜芳基。
- 如請求項2之化合物,其中,R1係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之烷基、鹵烷基、環烷基、芳基,或雜芳基芳基。
- 如請求項3之化合物,其中,R1係甲基、乙基、第三丁基、異丙基、環丙基、三氟甲基、2,4-二氟苯基、2-氟-4-氯苯基、-CF2-(2,4-二氟苯基)、-CF2-(2-氟-4-氯苯基)、-CH2-(2,4-二氟苯基),或-CH2-(2-氟-4-氯苯基)。
- 如請求項2之化合物,其中,Z係選擇性經取代之5-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之4-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之3-吡啶基、選擇性經取代之4-吡啶基;或當n=1,係1-四唑基。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中,Z係5-嘧啶基或3-吡啶基,且n=0。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中,Z係5-嘧啶基、3-吡啶基,或1-四唑基,且n=1。
- 如請求項2之化合物,其中,R2係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之苯基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基,或5-嘧啶基。
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中,R4係鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基。
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中,R2係於位置4以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之苯基。
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中,R2係於位置5以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之2-吡啶基。
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中,R2係於位置6以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之3-吡啶基。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,R2係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之芳氧基或雜芳氧基。
- 如請求項13之化合物,其中,R1係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之烷基、鹵烷基、環烷基、芳基,或雜芳基芳基。
- 如請求項14之化合物,其中,R1係甲基、乙基、第三丁基、異丙基、環丙基、三氟甲基、2,4-二氟苯基、2-氟-4-氯苯基、-CF2-(2,4-二氟苯基)、-CF2-(2-氟-4-氯苯基)、-CH2-(2,4-二氟苯基),或-CH2-(2-氟-4-氯苯基)。
- 如請求項13之化合物,其中,Z係選擇性經取代之5-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之4-嘧啶基、選擇性經取代之3-吡啶基、選擇性經取代之4-吡啶基;或當n=1,係1-四唑基。
- 如請求項16之化合物,其中,Z係5-嘧啶基或3-吡啶基,且n=0。
- 如請求項16之化合物,其中,Z係5-嘧啶基、3-吡啶基,或1-四唑基,且n=1。
- 如請求項13之化合物,其中,R2係選擇性以1、2或3個獨立R4取代之苯氧基、(2-吡啶基)氧、(3-吡啶基)氧,或 (5-嘧啶基)氧。
- 如請求項19之化合物,其中,R4係鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基。
- 如請求項19之化合物,其中,R2係於位置4以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之苯氧基。
- 如請求項19之化合物,其中,R2係於位置5以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之(2-吡啶基)氧。
- 如請求項19之化合物,其中,R2係於位置6以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之(3-吡啶基)氧。
- 如請求項19之化合物,其中,R2係於位置6以一鹵基、鹵烷基、氰烷基、鹵烷氧基,或氰基取代基取代之(3-嘧啶基)氧。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,該化合物抑制選自4-羥基苯基丙酮酸二氧酶、5-脂氧酶、腺苷去胺酶、醇去氫酶、胺肽酶P、升壓素轉換酶、芳香酶(CYP19)、磷酸酶素、胺甲醯膦酸合成酶、碳酸酐酶系、鄰苯二酚o-甲基轉移酶、環氧酶系、二氫嘧啶去氫酶-1、DNA聚合酶、法呢醯二磷酸酯合成酶、法呢醯轉移酶、福馬酸還原酶、GABA胺基轉移酶、HIF-脯胺醯羥化酶、組蛋白去乙醯酶系、HIV整合酶、HIV-1反向轉錄酶、異白胺酸tRNA連接酶、羊毛甾醇去甲基酶(CYP51)、基質金屬蛋白酶 系、甲硫胺酸胺肽酶、中性肽鏈內切酶、一氧化氮合成酶系、磷酸二酯酶III、磷酸二酯酶IV、磷酸二酯酶V、丙酮酸鐵氧還蛋白氧化還原酶、腎肽酶、核糖核苷二磷酸還原酶、血栓素合成酶(CYP5a)、甲狀腺過氧化酶、酪胺酸酶、尿素酶,及黃嘌呤氧化酶之一酶。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,該化合物抑制選自1-去氧-d-木酮糖-5-磷酸還原異構酶(DXR)、17-α羥化酶/17,20-裂解酶(CYP17)、醛固酮合成酶(CYP11B2)、胺肽酶P、炭疽病致死因子、精胺酸酶、β-內醯胺酶、細胞色素P450 2A6、d-ala d-ala連接酶、多巴胺β-羥化酶、內皮素轉化酶-1、麩胺酸羧肽酶II、麩酸胺環化酶、乙二醛酶、血基質氧化酶、HPV/HSV E1解旋酶、吲哚胺2,3-二氧酶、白三烯素A4羥化酶、甲硫胺酸胺肽酶2、肽去甲醯酶、磷酸二酯酶VII、脫氧核糖核酸、視網酸羥化酶(CYP26)、TNF-α轉化酶(TACE)、UDP-(3-O-(R-3-羥基十四醯基))-N-乙醯葡萄糖胺去乙醯酶(LpxC)、脈管黏附蛋白-1(VAP-1),及維他命D羥化酶(CYP24)之一酶。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,該化合物抑制(或經鑑別出抑制)羊毛甾醇甲基酶(CYP51)。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中,該化合物經鑑別出具有對抗一目標生物之一活性範圍。
- 一種治療罹患或易感染與金屬酶相關之異常或疾病的對象之方法,其中,該對象已經鑑別出係需要與金屬酶相關的異常或疾病之治療,包含對需要之該對象投與一 有效量之如請求項1之化合物,使得該對象被治療該異常。
- 一種治療罹患或易感染與金屬酶相關之異常或疾病的對象之方法,其中,該對象已經鑑別出係需要與金屬酶相關的異常或疾病之治療,包含對需要之該對象投與一有效量之如請求項1之化合物,使得該對象中之金屬酶活性被調節(例如,向下調節、抑制)。
- 如請求項30之方法,其中,該疾病或異常係癌症、心血管疾病、內分泌疾病、發炎疾病、傳染疾病、婦科疾病、代謝疾病、視力疾病、中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病、泌尿疾病,或胃腸疾病。
- 如請求項30之方法,其中,該疾病或異常係全身性真菌感染,或指甲黴菌症(onychomycosis)。
- 一種治療或預防於植物內或植物上之經金屬酶媒介的疾病或異常之方法,包含使如請求項1之化合物與該植物或種籽接觸。
- 一種抑制在植物上之微生物中的金屬酶活性之方法,包含使如請求項1之化合物與該植物或種籽接觸。
- 一種治療或預防於植物內或植物上之真菌疾病或異常之方法,包含使如請求項1之化合物與該植物或種籽接觸。
- 一種治療或預防於植物內或植物上之真菌生長之方法,包含使如請求項1之化合物與該植物或種籽接觸。
- 一種抑制於植物內或植物上之微生物之方法,包含使如 請求項1之化合物與該植物或種籽接觸。
- 一種組成物,包含如請求項1之化合物及一農業上可接受之載劑。
- 一種用於控制真菌病原體之組成物,包含如請求項1之化合物之至少一者或如請求項38之組成物之一者與包括殺真菌劑、殺昆蟲劑、殺線蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺節肢動物劑、殺細菌劑及其等之組合的其它殺蟲劑的混合物。
- 如請求項39之組成物,進一步包含選自於由依普座(epoxiconazole)、得克利(tebuconazole)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、護汰芬(flutriafol)、滅特座(metconazole)、邁克尼(myclobutanil)、環克座(cycproconazole)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole),及普克利(propiconazole)所組成族群之一唑殺真菌劑。
- 如請求項39之組成物,進一步包含選自於由三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)及亞托敏(azoxystrobin)所組成族群之一甲氧丙烯酸酯(strobilurin)殺真菌劑。
- 如請求項39之組成物,進一步包含選自於由氟唑菌醯胺(fluxapyroxad)、白克列(boscalid)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、苯并烯氟菌唑(benzovindiflupyr)、N-(3’,4’-二氯-5-氟聯苯-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲醯胺(bixafen)、氟吡菌醯胺(flupyram),及3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[1,2,3,4-四氫-9-(1-甲基乙基)-1,4-亞甲 基萘-5-基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲醯胺(isopyrazam)所組成族群之一抑制琥珀酸去氫酶(SDHI)之殺真菌劑。
- 一種組成物,包含如請求項1之化合物及一藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項43之組成物,進一步包含一額外的治療劑。
- 如請求項43之組成物,進一步包含一額外的治療劑,該額外的治療劑係一抗癌劑、抗真菌劑、心血管劑、抗炎劑、化療劑、一抗血管新生劑、細胞毒劑、一抗增殖劑、代謝疾病劑、眼部疾病劑、中樞神經系統(CNS)疾病劑、泌尿疾病劑,或胃腸疾病劑。
- 如請求項38-42中任一項之組成物,其中,該真菌病原體係下列之一者:小麥葉斑病(禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerella graminicola);無性態:小麥殼真孢(Septoria tritici)、小麥葉锈菌(Puccinia triticina))、小麥條銹病(條形扁菌(Puccinia striiformis))、蘋果結痂(蘋果黑星菌(Venturia inaequalis))、玉米黑粉病(玉米黑粉菌(Ustilago maydis))、葡萄藤白粉病(葡萄白粉病菌(Uncinula necator))、大麥雲紋病(大麥雲紋病菌(Rhynchosporium secalis))、稻瘟病(稻熱病菌(Magnaporthe grisea))、大豆銹病(豆薯層銹菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi))、小麥稃枯病(子囊菌(Leptosphaeria nodorum))、小麥白粉病(小麥白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici))、大麥白粉病(大麥白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei))、瓜類白粉病(二孢白 粉菌(Erysiphe cichoracearum))、瓜類炭疽病(胡瓜炭疽病菌(Glomerella lagenarium))、甜菜葉斑(甜菜生尾孢菌(Cercospora beticola))、蕃茄早枯萎病(索蘭尼鏈格孢(Alternaria solani)),及大麥網斑病(網斑病菌(Pyrenophora teres))。
- 如請求項46之組成物,其中,該真菌病原體係下列之一者:小麥殼真胞(Septoria tritici))、小麥葉锈病(小麥葉锈菌(Puccinia triticina)),及大豆銹病(豆薯層銹菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi))。
- 一種用於控制或預防植物上的真菌攻擊之方法,該方法包含步驟:使一殺真菌有效量之如請求項1-24之化合物之至少一者或如請求項38-42之組成物之至少一者,施用至下列之至少一者:該植物、鄰近接植物之一區域、適合支持該植物生長之土壤、該植物之一根部、該植物之一種籽,及該植物之葉子。
- 一種治療罹患或易感染異常或疾病的對象之方法,其中,該對象已被鑑別出係需要該異常或疾病之治療,包含對需要之該對象投與一有效量之具化學式(I)之一化合物或其鹽,其中,該異常或疾病係選自於由表層性真菌感染、黏膜性真菌感染、全身性真菌感染、麴菌病(Aspergillosis)、芽生菌病(Blastomycosis)、念珠菌病(Candidiasis)、著色真菌病(Chromomycosis)、球孢子菌病(Coccidioidomycosis)、隱球菌病(Cryptococcosis)、皮膚真菌病(Dermatophytosis)、組織胞漿菌病 (Histoplasmosis)、角膜真菌病(Keratomycosis)、洛博芽生菌病(Lobomycosis)、馬拉色菌(Malassezia)感染、白真菌病(Mucormycosis)、指甲黴菌症(Onychomycosis)、副球孢子菌病(Paracoccidioidomycosis)、馬拉福青黴菌(Penicillium marneffei)感染、褐菌絲症(Phaeohyphomycosis)、肺孢子蟲肺炎(Pneumocyctis pneumonia),及癬(指甲癬、頭癬、體癬、足癬、斷髮癬症、汗斑)所組成族群之一或多者。
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2015
- 2015-04-10 JP JP2016562593A patent/JP2017513848A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-04-10 US US14/683,907 patent/US9944664B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-10 EP EP15779821.6A patent/EP3131399A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-04-10 CA CA2945674A patent/CA2945674A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-04-10 CN CN201580021710.5A patent/CN106231901A/zh active Pending
- 2015-04-10 KR KR1020167030659A patent/KR20160144410A/ko unknown
- 2015-04-10 WO PCT/US2015/025397 patent/WO2015160665A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-04-14 TW TW104111924A patent/TW201542090A/zh unknown
- 2015-04-14 BR BR102015008298A patent/BR102015008298A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2015-04-15 UY UY0001036080A patent/UY36080A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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2016
- 2016-10-13 IL IL24835216A patent/IL248352B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2016-11-02 ZA ZA2016/07570A patent/ZA201607570B/en unknown
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2018
- 2018-03-07 US US15/914,884 patent/US10167300B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2017513848A (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
IL248352B (en) | 2019-11-28 |
CA2945674A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
US20150291632A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
US20180298038A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
ZA201607570B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
EP3131399A4 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
KR20160144410A (ko) | 2016-12-16 |
CN106231901A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
WO2015160665A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
UY36080A (es) | 2015-11-30 |
EP3131399A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
IL248352A0 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
BR102015008298A2 (pt) | 2016-03-29 |
US10167300B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
US9944664B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
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