TW201538806A - 電化學電鍍方法 - Google Patents
電化學電鍍方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201538806A TW201538806A TW104107417A TW104107417A TW201538806A TW 201538806 A TW201538806 A TW 201538806A TW 104107417 A TW104107417 A TW 104107417A TW 104107417 A TW104107417 A TW 104107417A TW 201538806 A TW201538806 A TW 201538806A
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- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- substrate
- bath
- seed layer
- nickel
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 cobalt Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- XCTITUGPTCDTON-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-aminoacetate;cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O XCTITUGPTCDTON-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NZIHMSYSZRFUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-1h-benzimidazole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2NC(C(=O)O)=NC2=C1 NZIHMSYSZRFUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019001 CoSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005883 NiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- CXXKWLMXEDWEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenecobalt Chemical compound [Te]=[Co] CXXKWLMXEDWEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/28—Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/268
- H01L21/283—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current
- H01L21/288—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition
- H01L21/2885—Deposition of conductive or insulating materials for electrodes conducting electric current from a liquid, e.g. electrolytic deposition using an external electrical current, i.e. electro-deposition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/12—Semiconductors
- C25D7/123—Semiconductors first coated with a seed layer or a conductive layer
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
- H01L21/3247—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering for altering the shape, e.g. smoothing the surface
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- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76841—Barrier, adhesion or liner layers
- H01L21/76871—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers
- H01L21/76873—Layers specifically deposited to enhance or enable the nucleation of further layers, i.e. seed layers for electroplating
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- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76879—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material by selective deposition of conductive material in the vias, e.g. selective C.V.D. on semiconductor material, plating
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76882—Reflowing or applying of pressure to better fill the contact hole
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76883—Post-treatment or after-treatment of the conductive material
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/53209—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides
- H01L23/53257—Conductive materials based on metals, e.g. alloys, metal silicides the principal metal being a refractory metal
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
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- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
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Abstract
用於施用導電膜至具晶種層的基板上的電化學製程包括把基板放入接觸含鈷或鎳鹽的電化學電鍍浴,且電鍍浴的pH為4.0至9.0。電流經引導通過浴而至基板。浴中的鈷或鎳離子沉積至晶種層上。電鍍浴可含氯化鈷和甘氨酸。電流可為1-50毫安/平方公分。完成電化學製程後,將基板移出電鍍浴、潤洗及乾燥,接著以200℃至400℃的溫度退火,以改善材料性質及減少接縫線缺陷。可多次循環進行電鍍及退火製程。
Description
本發明的領域為電化學處理微型工件、晶圓或基板的方法。
諸如微米級電子、電機或光學裝置等微電子裝置通常係製造在工件或基板上及/或內,例如矽晶圓。在典型製造製程中,例如在半導體材料晶圓上,會先利用化學氣相沉積(CVD)、物理氣相沉積(PVD)、無電電鍍製程或其他適合方法於基板表面施用導電晶種層。形成晶種層後,在存有含金屬離子的電處理液中,於晶種層與一或更多電極間施加適當電位,將金屬毯覆層或圖案化層電鍍至基板上。接著在後續程序中清洗、蝕刻及/或退火處理基板,及形成裝置、觸點或導線。一些基板可具有阻障層,晶種層形成於阻障層上。
目前,微電子裝置大多製作在鍍銅基板上。雖然銅具有高導電率,但銅通常需要阻障層,例如氮化鉭(TaN),以防止銅擴散到基板或基板上的介電材料內。此類阻障層的導電率相當低。利用已知技術,以使用酸銅化學品或電鍍液電鍍的銅填充基板上的特徵結構。該等化學品通常使用添加
劑來促進超共形填充製程(特徵結構填充主要係從下往上、而非從側邊往內)及形成無孔隙填充。隨著特徵結構尺寸微縮,以傳統銅電鍍製程達成無孔隙填充益發困難。又隨著特徵結構變小,銅所需阻障層仍佔很大體積,此係因為無論特徵結構尺寸為何,防止銅擴散需維持最小阻障層厚度。
例如,若防止銅擴散所需的最小阻障層厚度為3nm,則就關鍵尺寸60nm、深寬比4:1的特徵結構而言,阻障層約佔橫斷面積的11%。然對關鍵尺寸20nm、深寬比2:1的特徵結構來說,阻障層厚度仍需為3nm,但如此便佔橫斷面積的33%。在此情況下,具低導電率的阻障層體積按比例很大,是以內連線、通孔或其他特徵結構的電阻按比例也很高。當特徵結構日益縮小,銅與阻障層的比例將增加到電阻變得無法接受的程度。
克服此技術挑戰的一方式係用不需阻障層的金屬取代銅,例如鈷。雖然鈷的電阻比銅高(鈷為6微歐姆-公分;銅為2微歐姆-公分),但鈷不需阻障層,因為鈷不會擴散到矽或介電質內。美國專利申請公開案第20130260555號描述利用化學氣相沉積(CVD)施用鈷,以填充大與小特徵結構。儘管此方法可成功用於如7-10nm的較小特徵結構,但CVD不適於填充大於約10nm的特徵結構。故仍需改良技術。
用於施用導電膜至具晶種層的基板上的電化學製程包含:把基板放入接觸含鈷或鎳鹽的電化學電鍍浴,且電鍍浴的pH為4.0至9.5;及引導電流通過浴,以減少電鍍浴中
的鈷或鎳離子,及沉積鈷或鎳膜至晶種層上。
10‧‧‧基板
12、20‧‧‧特徵結構
14‧‧‧晶種層
16‧‧‧膜
18‧‧‧金屬層/覆蓋層
第1A圖係具TaN阻障層和Cu晶種層的基板上的未填充或未電鍍結構的掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)圖。在一些應用中,阻障層可為其他材料,例如TiN,或者可無阻障層。晶種層亦可為CVD鈷。
第1B圖圖示第1A圖現已填充由鹼性電鍍浴電化學沉積鈷的結構。
第2A圖係使用pH 6.5的鈷-甘氨酸電鍍浴電鍍鈷至TaN/Co晶種層上的類似結構的SEM圖,並且顯示接縫線缺陷。
第2B圖圖示第2A圖經退火後的結構,並且顯示接縫線缺陷減少或消除。
第3圖係使用pH 8.5的鈷-EDA電鍍浴電鍍鈷至CVD Co晶種層上的另一結構的SEM圖。
第4A圖至第4E圖係本發明的方法實施例示意圖。
第5圖係退火後的線路電阻測試資料曲線圖。
第6A圖至第6C圖係超共形填充的示意圖。
第7A圖至第7C圖係共形填充的示意圖。
第8A圖至第8C圖係共形填充、然後退火處理的示意圖。
目前已提出各種使用酸性與鹼性鈷浴的已知鈷電鍍方法。然電鍍鈷至具很小特徵結構(例如60奈米(nm)、40
nm、30nm或以下的特徵結構)的基板上將面臨不同的挑戰。具很小特徵結構的基板必然具有很薄的晶種層。對該等基板使用已知鈷電鍍方法通常會使很薄的晶種層溶解,以致妨礙適當電鍍。本發明的方法使用具特定pH範圍的鈷浴,以減少晶種層腐蝕。
鎳的電鍍特性類似鈷。所述鈷的用法亦可應用到以鎳取代鈷。在此提及的內連線包括基板上或內的其他特徵結構,例如溝槽、孔洞和通孔。
利用電化學沉積至導電基板上可達成沉積金屬至次微米內連線內。電鍍金屬可選自包括銅、鈷、鎳、金、銀或鉑。共形及超共形電化學沉積金屬後可選擇性熱處理。
中性至鹼性水溶液可用於沉積電化學電鍍金屬。例如,鈷或鎳錯合電鍍液可用於電化學沉積鈷或鎳至次微米內連線或基板上的其他特徵結構內。基板可提供具有晶種層,晶種層可由無電沉積、物理氣相沉積或化學氣相沉積形成。用於晶種層的材料可包括銅、錳摻雜銅、釕(Ru)等。矽化鈷或矽化鎳亦可用於晶種層。若有,則基板上的阻障層可由化學氣相沉積(CVD)或其他已知技術施用。
電鍍或電化學沉積製程後可為退火步驟,用以改善電化學電鍍鈷或鎳的材料性質,及減少共形電鍍相關的接縫線孔隙。在本發明的方法中,電鍍後退火可以比傳統銅製程低的溫度進行。退火步驟能穩定電鍍膜。此亦有助於移除共形電鍍製程的接縫線和微孔隙。退火步驟亦可驅除因電鍍條件而陷入的雜質,進而改善膜性質。在一些應用中,可視特
定電鍍條件與化學品而省略退火步驟。例如,促進超共形成長及併入少量雜質的鈷電鍍液可不需退火步驟。
本發明的方法圖示於第4A圖至第4E圖。在第4A圖中,基板10(例如矽晶圓)具有特徵結構12和導電晶種層14。在一些應用中,可在晶種層14下面提供阻障層(未圖示)。在第4B圖中,鈷或鎳共形或超共形膜16置於晶種層14上。膜16可部分或完全填充特徵結構,如第4B圖所示,膜16部分填充特徵結構12。膜16的厚度足以提供至少10%、20%、30%、40%或50%填充特徵結構(對照幾乎無顯著填充的晶種層14)。阻障層可選擇性為PVD TaN、ALD TaN、PVD TiN、ALD TiN、ALD MnN、CVD MnN、CVD NiSi或CoSi,其中PVD係物理氣相沉積,CVD係化學氣相沉積,ALD係原子層沉積。
第4C圖圖示退火使膜16再流以進一步填充特徵結構12。第4D圖圖示沉積覆蓋層或金屬層18,該層可為相同金屬(如同用於膜16的鈷或鎳)或不同金屬。第4E圖圖示化學機械研磨後的基板,且覆蓋層18選擇性移除而留下填充特徵結構12。
可使用pH 4至pH 9的中性至鹼性鈷電鍍液,將膜16電鍍至晶種層14上。電鍍液可含螯合劑,例如檸檬酸、甘氨酸、酒石酸、乙二胺等。
第6A圖至第6C圖圖示超共形填充基板上的特徵結
構,例如溝槽或通孔。如圖所示,特徵結構主要從下往上填充、而非從側邊往內,藉以提供無縫電鍍特徵結構。填充的進行亦可為電鍍共形膜、然後為退火步驟或另一層超共形膜。第7A圖至第7C圖圖示共形填充,其中特徵結構主要從側邊往內填充,而於填充特徵結構中形成縫隙。第8A圖至第8C圖圖示和第7A圖至第7C圖一樣的製程,但係在退火後無縫填充特徵結構。共形或超共形電鍍可用於進行所述方法。
1.基板提供具有導電晶種層,例如CVD或無電沉積鈷,但其他如銅、鎳、金、銀、鈀及/或釕也可使用。第1A圖圖示未填充特徵結構的實例,未填充特徵結構具有施用於基板上的阻障層(例如TaN)和阻障層上的銅晶種層。第2A圖圖示共形電化學沉積(ECD)鈷至具CVD鈷層於TaN阻障層上的基板上,並且顯示接縫線缺陷。第3圖圖示共形ECD鈷至CVD鈷晶種層上的實例。
2.使用預鍍處理,即在電鍍前,將還原劑(例如He/H2、形成氣體等)施用於基板。可在弱酸性、中性或鹼性電鍍浴中,使結構電鍍上鈷。在第1b圖、第2a圖及第2b圖中,氯化鈷與甘氨酸浴在pH 6.5下用於鈷沉積。在第3圖中,氯化鈷與EDA浴在pH 8.5下用於鈷沉積。用於電化學沉積製程的電流密度可為1-50毫安/平方公分。
3.若晶種層較易腐蝕,例如CVD鈷晶種層,則可使用中性至鹼性電鍍浴。當pH從6.5提高到8.3時,電化學沉積鈷一般會完全覆蓋在由化學氣相沉積施用的鈷晶種層
上。電鍍浴的pH或可為下列範圍之一:7.5至8.5、7.8至8.5、8.0至8.5或7.8至9.0。
4.完成共形或超共形電化學沉積鈷後,以200℃至450℃的溫度熱處理基板,以改善材料性質及/或減少接縫線缺陷。第2b圖圖示以350℃在H2/He環境中退火後的基板。掃描式電子顯微鏡圖看不到接縫線。或者可使用其他氣體,例如N2/He或淨化H2。如第2b圖所示,退火處理後,亦可改善表面粗糙度。
利用緩慢電鍍製程填充特徵結構,接著退火處理來改善材料性質,然後沉積覆蓋層18供化學機械研磨,以進行多重電鍍多重退火製程。電鍍鈷可用於覆蓋層18。在多重電鍍製程中,第一和第二電鍍步驟提供第一和第二膜於基板上,如以200℃至450℃的溫度退火處理基板後,進行第三電鍍步驟,以提供金屬層於第二膜上。接著化學機械研磨金屬層。
利用所述方法填充60nm-25nm的特徵結構。測試結果顯示成功電鍍至具高表面電阻的薄晶種層,即300毫米(mm)晶圓的200歐姆/sq的晶種層上。此類晶種層通常會在習知酸銅電鍍液中快速腐蝕,但使用上述鈷或鎳電鍍液時不會明顯蝕刻或腐蝕。測試結果亦證實使用弱酸性至鹼性鈷電鍍液,可成功電鍍鈷膜至6nm CVD鈷晶種層上。
測試資料亦顯示電鍍後熱處理可降低線路電阻和毯覆膜電阻,此如第5圖所示。亦可對具CVD鈷晶種層的基板
進行多重電鍍多重退火製程。多重電鍍製程一例為利用緩慢電鍍液填充特徵結構,接著把基板移到另一腔室,以於化學機械研磨前,快速電鍍覆蓋或金屬層18。
上述方法和參數亦可配合鎳使用。
相較於僅有CVD的製程,上述方法提供的產量高得多並可降低成本,故適於大量製造。
把基板放入接觸包含金屬的電化學電鍍浴,且金屬選自鈷或鎳,電鍍浴的pH為4.0至9.0,以進行電化學製程而沉積導電膜至基板的次微米內連線內,基板具有晶種層於上。按1-50毫安/平方公分的額定引導電流通過浴而至基板,以沉積金屬膜至基板的特徵結構上。將基板移出電鍍浴、潤洗及乾燥,接著以如200℃至450℃的溫度選擇性退火,促使金屬膜再流而進一步填充基板的特徵結構。電鍍浴可包括氯化鈷及/或甘氨酸。該等步驟可反覆進行,且其間可有或無退火步驟。例如,晶圓可經歷電鍍、乾燥及退火處理的至少兩次循環。
另一製程可用於把基板放入接觸含鈷或鎳鹽的電化學電鍍浴,且電鍍浴的pH為4.0至9.5,以施用導電膜至基板上,基板具有晶種層、具第一尺寸的第一特徵結構和具第二尺寸的第二特徵結構,第二尺寸大於第一尺寸。引導電流通過浴來進行第一電鍍步驟,以減少電鍍浴中的鈷或鎳離子,及沉積共形或超共形的第一鈷或鎳膜至晶種層上,第一
膜完全填充第一特徵結構,但不完全填充第二特徵結構。接著引導電流通過浴來進行第二電鍍步驟,以減少電鍍浴中的鈷或鎳離子,及沉積共形或超共形的第二鈷或鎳膜至第一膜上,第二膜完全填充第二特徵結構。
10‧‧‧基板
12、20‧‧‧特徵結構
14‧‧‧晶種層
16‧‧‧膜
18‧‧‧金屬層/覆蓋層
Claims (14)
- 一種電化學製程,用於施用一導電膜至具一晶種層的一基板上,該製程包含以下步驟:把該基板放入接觸含一鈷或鎳鹽的一電化學電鍍浴,且該電鍍浴的一pH為4.0至9.5;及引導一電流通過該浴,以減少該電鍍浴中的一鈷或鎳離子,及沉積一鈷或鎳膜至該晶種層上。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該晶種層包含銅、鈷、金、銀、鈀及/或釕於該基板上。。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電鍍浴包含氯化鈷或其他鈷鹽。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電鍍浴包含甘氨酸或另一螯合劑。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電流為1-50毫安/平方公分。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,進一步包含以200℃至450℃的一溫度退火處理該基板。
- 如請求項6所述之製程,其中該退火步驟將造成該膜再 流而完全填充該基板上的多個特徵結構。
- 如請求項6所述之製程,其中該退火步驟係在氫、氦、氮、一還原氣體或氨的一環境中進行。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電鍍浴的一pH為7.5至8.5。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電鍍浴進一步包括一螯合劑,該螯合劑與一鈷金屬離子錯合。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該鈷或鎳沉積至該基板上的一次微米內連線內。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該電鍍浴包含一弱酸性至鹼性鈷或鎳電鍍浴,及包括選自由檸檬酸、甘氨酸、酒石酸和乙二胺所組成群組的一螯合劑。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該晶種層位於該基板的一阻障層上。
- 如請求項1所述之製程,其中該基板無阻障層。
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TWI652377B (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
WO2015142745A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
US9496145B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
TWI609996B (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
CN112899735A (zh) | 2021-06-04 |
KR20160135771A (ko) | 2016-11-28 |
TW201802296A (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
EP3120378A4 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
US20150270133A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
CN110233099A (zh) | 2019-09-13 |
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