TW201440774A - 眼底疾患治療劑 - Google Patents
眼底疾患治療劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201440774A TW201440774A TW103106973A TW103106973A TW201440774A TW 201440774 A TW201440774 A TW 201440774A TW 103106973 A TW103106973 A TW 103106973A TW 103106973 A TW103106973 A TW 103106973A TW 201440774 A TW201440774 A TW 201440774A
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Abstract
本發明的課題是提供眼底疾患、特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療用的藥劑。本發明的解決手段是以(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物作為有效成分之眼底疾患的預防或治療劑。
Description
本發明係關於眼底疾患、特別是糖尿病視網膜病變或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療用的藥劑。
糖尿病視網膜病變(Diabetic Retinopathy:DR,亦稱為糖尿病性視網膜症),與糖尿病腎症、神經症為糖尿病的3大併發症之一,在日本,為次於白內障之成人失明原因的第2位。持續的高血糖狀態,視網膜的細血管逐漸受到少許損傷而變形阻塞,即所謂因高血糖所導致的微小血管障礙的結果,氧氣無法運行到視網膜的各個角落,視網膜落入缺氧狀態。其結果,雖容易產生新的血管(新生血管)以補充氧氣不足,但由於新生血管易受損而容易發生出血,於視網膜上以結痂的方式張開膜(增殖組織),此為發生視網膜剝離的原因(增殖糖尿病視網膜症)。
糖尿病視網膜症,根據進行的程度可分類為單純糖尿病視網膜症、前增殖糖尿病視網膜症及增殖糖尿病視網膜症三大階段,即使於單純糖尿病視網膜症的階段,由於仍可發現伴隨主要起因於血管穿透性亢進的黃斑部浮腫或硬性白斑等黃斑症(糖尿病黃斑部浮腫、糖尿病黃斑症)無論如何,根據眼底所見的診斷皆為重要的。
此處,糖尿病黃斑部浮腫,已知為與糖尿病視網膜症的病期為無相關的發病。其病理狀態係因血管穿透性亢進而造成由視網膜血管露出的血漿成分貯留於黃斑部,而發生斜視或視力降低等自覺症狀。
糖尿病視網膜症的治療,於單純糖尿病視網膜症中
亦有藉由血糖值的調控而改善,但於前增殖糖尿病視網膜症中,多數的情況為必須進行視網膜光凝固術,至於增殖糖尿病視網膜症而發生視網膜剝離或玻璃體出血的情況,則進行將眼中出血或增殖組織摘除,以使剝離的視網膜回復原狀為目的之玻璃體手術。然而,現狀為尚未達到必然維持良好的視力功能。
再者,老年性黃斑部病變(Age-related Macular
Degeneration:AMD),隨著年齡而於視網膜色素上皮之下蓄積老舊廢物,此為直接或間接地使黃斑部受到障礙的疾病,於歐美地區為成人失明原因的第1位。老年性黃斑部病變大致分類為萎縮型(dry type)與滲出型(wet type)2種,萎縮型為視網膜色素上皮緩慢萎縮中,使視網膜受到傷害而視力緩慢降低的疾病,有效的治療方法目前尚屬未知。另一方面的滲出型為異常的血管(脈絡膜新生血管)由脈絡膜入侵視網膜色素上皮或視網膜與視網膜色素上皮之間而使視網膜受到傷害的疾病。於脈絡膜新生血管中,漏出的血液成分貯留於視網膜下的液體(視網膜下液),血管破裂使視網膜出血(視網膜出血)因而傷害視網膜,視網膜無法正常運作而視力降低。
對於滲出型的老年性黃斑部病變已知有數種治療
法,但任一種治療的目的皆為抑制退縮脈絡膜新生血管的擴大,
以維持或改善視力。對於作為滲出型的老年性黃斑部病變的治療法,已知有光動力療法(photodynamic therapy:PDT)、藥物治療、雷射凝固、手術等,該藥物治療係藉由將認為與脈絡膜新生血管的產生有極大關係之阻礙血管內皮增殖因子(VEGF)之作用機制的藥劑(VEGF阻礙藥)注射至玻璃體,使脈絡膜新生血管退化(involution)的治療法。然而,與糖尿病視網膜症的治療同樣的情況,尚未達到必然維持良好的視力功能。再者,藥物治療的情況中,必須頻繁地進行玻璃體內投藥。
該等糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變中,由於
分別與視網膜血管新生或脈絡膜血管新生有極大關係,嘗試以血管新生抑制或阻礙為目的的治療。對老年性黃斑部病變之上述VEGF阻礙藥的玻璃體內注射,已經於日本為保險責任範圍,再者,對於糖尿病視網膜症也正進行VEGF阻礙藥的臨床實驗。
再者,作為與VEGF不同的標的分子,Rho激酶(Rho-associated protein kinase:ROCK)最近受到矚目(非專利文獻1),作為ROCK阻礙劑已知有法舒地爾(fasudil)及Y-27632,已知對於VEGF誘發性的血管新生具有阻礙作用(非專利文獻2、3)。關於對模式動物的效果,對於糖尿病模式大鼠的視網膜微小血管障礙,對玻璃體內投藥法舒地爾,經由對血管內皮的嗜中性球的接著抑制或內皮細胞之一氧化氮合成亢進而顯示內皮細胞保護效果,暗示了成為糖尿病視網膜發症早期之新的治療戰略的可能性(非專利文獻4、5)。關於Y-27632,對於高氧誘發視網膜症模式小鼠,藉由玻璃體內投藥顯示視網膜血管新生抑制效果(非專利文獻6)。此外,關於數個專利文獻中揭示的新穎ROCK阻礙劑的用途,
雖述及視網膜症、糖尿病性視網膜症、黃斑部病變等,但該文獻中對於該等疾患未顯示具體的效果(專利文獻1至3)。
根據以上所述的概況,對於糖尿病性視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變,作為以視網脈絡膜血管新生抑制為目的之藥物治療的投藥路徑,雖可適用以玻璃體內注射為主,但由於對人眼進行複數次的注射有感染的危險性,同時患者伴隨有非常大的肉體上、精神上、經濟上的痛苦,因而期望經由點眼藥治療的開發。
再者,關於4-氟-5-環狀胺基磺醯基異喹啉衍生物,已知具有氣喘治療劑、物質P拮抗劑、白三烯素D4拮抗劑、Rho激酶阻礙劑等的作用(專利文獻3),或腦血管障礙治療劑(專利文獻4)的作用,但藉由局部投藥而選擇性地作用則未有報告。
[專利文獻1]國際公開WO98/06433號小冊
[專利文獻2]國際公開WO02/083175號小冊
[專利文獻3]日本特開平11-349482號公報
[專利文獻4]國際公開WO99/20620號小冊
[非專利文獻1]新眼科,29(臨增), 60-67(2012)
[非專利文獻2]Mol. Cancer Ther., 6(5), 1517-1525 (2007)
[非專利文獻3]FASEB J., 24, 3186-3195(2010)
[非專利文獻4]Diabetes, 58, 215-226(2009)
[非專利文獻5]日眼會誌,115, 985-997(2011)
[非專利文獻6]Current Eye Research, 36(11), 1028-1036(2011)
本發明係關於提供眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜病症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療用的新藥劑。
本發明者們,為了解決上述課題而重複致力研究的結果,完全意外的發現藉由將(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪(以下,有表示為化合物1的情況)或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物進行點眼投藥,於眼底發揮強力的血管新生抑制作用,該化合物有用於眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療,而完成本發明。
亦即,本發明係關於以下的發明者。
1)一種以(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物作為有效成分之眼底疾患的預防劑或治療劑。
2)眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症之上述1)之預防劑或治療劑。
3)眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫之上述1)之預防劑或治療劑。
4)眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部浮腫之上述1)之預防劑或治療劑。
5)為點眼劑之上述1)之預防劑或治療劑。
6)一種眼底疾患之預防或治療用之醫藥組成物,其係包含
(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物以及藥學上容許的載劑。
7)眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症之上述6)之醫藥組成物。
8)眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫之上述6)之醫藥組成物。
9)眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部浮腫之上述6)之醫藥組成物。
10)為點眼劑之上述6)之醫藥組成物。
11)一種眼底疾患之預防或治療方法,其特徵在於投藥有效量之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物。
12)投藥為藉由點眼投藥之上述11)揭示之方法。
13)眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症之上述11)或12)揭示之預防或治療方法。
14)眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫之上述11)或12)揭示之預防或治療方法。
15)眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部浮腫之上述11)或12)揭示之預防或治療方法。
16)一種點眼藥,其係含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物,以及藥學上容許的載劑。
17)一種(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物之用途,其係用於製造眼底疾患之預防劑或治療劑。
18)一種(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或該等之溶劑合物之用途,其係用於眼底疾患之預防劑或治
療劑。
19)眼底疾患之預防劑或治療劑為點眼劑之上述17)或18)揭示之用途,或化合物。
20)眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症之上述17)或18)揭示之用途,或化合物。
21)眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫之上述17)或18)揭示之用途,或化合物。
22)眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部浮腫之上述17)或18)揭示之用途,或化合物。
根據本發明,可提供眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療用的藥劑。
本發明之醫藥組成物,特別是點眼藥,即使於少量的點眼投藥仍具有效性,不僅是有效性,可對於患者不賦予非常大的肉體上及精神上的痛苦而投藥,可為非侵襲性的投藥,極為有用於作為對於老人或小孩亦可簡便地投藥的眼底疾患的治療劑及/或預防劑。
第1圖為經由鋪片法(flat mount)之生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)、化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼組及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像圖。
第2圖為經由鋪片法(flat mount)之各點眼組的視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)定量化的結果圖。縱軸表示以生理食鹽水點眼組
作為100%的無灌流區域的比例。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示,**表示p值未達0.01。
第3圖為經由鋪片法(flat mount)之點眼組的新生血管區域定量化的結果圖。縱軸表示以生理食鹽水點眼組作為100%的新生血管區域的比例。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示,**表示p值未達0.01,N.C.表示沒有顯著差異。
第4圖為經由鋪片法之生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)及法舒地爾之0.4%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像圖。
第5圖為經由鋪片法(flat mount)之生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)及法舒地爾之0.4%溶液點眼組的視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)定量化的結果圖。縱軸表示以生理食鹽水點眼組作為100%的無灌流區域的比例。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示,**表示p值未達0.01,N.C.表示沒有顯著差異。
第6圖為經由鋪片法(flat mount)之生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)及法舒地爾之0.4%溶液點眼組的新生血管區域定量化的結果圖。縱軸表示以生理食鹽水點眼組作為100%的新生血管區域的比例。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示,**表示p值未達0.01,N.C.表示沒有顯著差異。
第7圖為藉由螢光眼底造影之生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)、化合物1之0.8%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像圖。
第8圖為藉由螢光眼底造影之點眼組的新生血管區域定量化的結果圖。縱軸表示以生理食鹽水點眼組作為100%的新生血管區域的比例。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示,*表示p值未達0.05。
第9圖為藉由螢光眼底造影之各點眼組的脈絡膜血管新生定
量化的結果圖。縱軸表示脈絡膜血管新生體積(μm3)。數值以平均值±標準偏差表示。
第10圖藉由螢光眼底造影以及光同調斷層造影(Optical Coherence Tomography)之正常小鼠(參考)、生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)、化合物1之0.8%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像圖。
第11圖為藉由光同調斷層造影所測定之各點眼組的最大視網膜厚度(平均值±標準偏差,單位為μm)。*表示p值未達0.05。
第12圖為顯示藉由VEGF刺激或IL-6刺激之對於Claudin-5表現的化合物1的效果的免疫染色圖。
第13圖為顯示藉由VEGF刺激或IL-6刺激之對於F-Actin聚合的化合物1的效果的免疫染色圖。
本發明所使用之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪,其為腦血管治療劑,且為具有物質P拮抗作用、白三烯素D4拮抗作用以及Rho激酶阻礙作用的化合物,可藉由習知的方法,例如,國際專利公開第99/20620號公報(專利文獻4)所揭示的方法製造。
作為(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪的鹽,例如可列舉與鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸、氫氟酸、氫溴酸等無機酸的鹽,或與乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、檸檬酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、樟腦磺酸等有機酸的鹽,特別較佳為鹽酸鹽。
(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽,不僅可作為未溶媒合型亦可作為水合物或溶媒合物存
在。水合物為較佳,本發明中包含全部的結晶型及水合或溶媒合物。
使用(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升
哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物的情況,如後文之實施例所示,由於顯示強力的血管新生抑制作用,有用於眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防劑或治療劑。此處,眼底疾患,主要意指表現於視網膜及/或脈絡膜的病變。
作為眼底疾患,例如,可列舉因高血壓與動脈硬化
之眼底變化,視網膜中心性動脈阻塞症、視網膜中心性靜脈阻塞症(central retinal vein occlusion)或分支性視網膜靜脈阻塞症(branch retinal vein occlusion)等視網膜靜脈阻塞症,糖尿病視網膜症、糖尿病黃斑部浮腫、糖尿病黃斑症、伊爾斯氏症(Eales disease)、柯氏症(Coats disease)等視網膜血管先天異常,馮希柏氏症(von Hippel disease)、無脈搏症(pulseless disease)、黃斑部疾患(中心性漿液性脈絡視網膜病變(central serous chorioretinopathy)、黃斑部囊樣水腫(custoid macular edema)、老年性黃斑部退化(age-related macular degeneration)、黃斑部裂孔(macular hole)、近視性黃斑部退化(myopic macular degeneration)、視網膜玻璃體界面黃斑部病變、藥物毒性黃斑部病變、遺傳性黃斑部病變等),(裂孔原性、牽引性、滲出性等之)視網膜剝離、視網膜色素病變、早產兒視網膜症等。
(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪
或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物製劑化的情況時,可根據習知的方法調製製劑。例如,(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪
或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物的製劑可參考例如,國際公開公報(WO 00/09162號、WO 97/23222號等)揭示之製劑例而調製。
(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪
或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物製劑化的情況時,亦可根據習知的方法調製。例如點眼劑,可根據需要而使用等張化劑、緩衝劑、界面活性劑、防腐劑等而調製。只要為眼科製劑所容許範圍內的pH即可,較佳為pH4至8的範圍。
本發明的製劑較佳為眼科用製劑,特別是作為點眼
用,關於點眼劑,可為水性點眼劑、非水性點眼劑、懸濁性點眼劑、乳濁性點眼劑、眼軟膏等任一者。該等製劑,作為投藥形態適合的組成物,可藉由調配例如,等張化劑、螯合劑、安定化劑、pH調節劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、溶解輔助劑、黏稠化劑等,根據此項技術領域者習知的(製劑)方法製造。
本發明之有效成分,即使少量的點眼投藥亦具有有效性,可作為點眼藥。本發明之點眼藥,係含有本發明之有效成分之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物,以及點眼藥所容許的載劑。
調製點眼劑的情況時,例如,可藉由將所期望之上
述成分,使其溶解或懸濁於滅菌精製水、生理食鹽水等水性溶劑,或棉籽油、大豆油、芝麻油、花生油等植物油等非水性溶劑,調整為規定的滲透壓,施行過濾滅菌等滅菌處理。又,調製眼軟膏劑的情況時,除了前述各種成分以外,可包含軟膏基劑。作為前述軟膏基劑,並無特別限定,較佳可列舉凡士林、流動石蠟、聚乙烯等油性基劑;使油相與水相藉由界面活性劑等乳化之乳劑性
基劑;包含羥丙基甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、聚乙二醇等之水溶性基劑等。
(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物使用於眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療的用途的情況時,其投藥量,雖根據患者的體重、年齡、性別、症狀、投藥形態及投藥次數等而不同,通常對於成人,作為(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物,可列舉1日0.025至10000μg,較佳為0.025至2000μg,更佳為0.1至2000μg,再佳為0.025至200μg,0.025至100μg的範圍。
再者,投藥次數,並無特別限定,較佳為1次或分為數次投藥,液體點眼劑的情況時,每次可1至數滴點眼。
以下係更詳細說明本發明,但本發明並非限定於該等者。
為了調查廣泛使用作為糖尿病視網膜症等之缺血性視網膜症模式之Mice OIR Model中之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪(化合物1)之有效性,根據以下方法研究。
規定量的(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪一鹽酸鹽‧二水合物、甘油溶解於精製水後,添加磷酸二氫鈉、
氫氧化鈉而使溶液為pH6.0,調製所期望濃度的化合物1溶液。
上述A.,化合物1溶液的調製中,使用法舒地爾2鹽酸鹽(LC Laboratoried)替代(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪一鹽酸鹽‧二水合物,調製所期望濃度的法舒地爾溶液。
化合物1溶液:0.4%溶液、0.8%溶液(點眼量:20μl)
法舒地爾溶液:0.4%溶液(點眼量:20μl)
實驗動物:C57BL/6JJcl小鼠(性別:雄性,一組8至14隻)
將同一日出生的C57BL/6JJcl小鼠,在出生後第7日起於75%養環境培育,出生後第12日移至一般的室內環境,開始點眼。組構成為,生理食鹽水點眼眼(對照)、化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼眼、化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼眼、法舒地爾的0.4%溶液點眼眼,點眼為每日進行3次。出生後第17日藉由鋪片法或螢光眼底造影檢查,定量化視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)及新生血管區域而評估。亦即,於腹腔內投藥戊巴比妥(Nembutal)1g/kg,藉由過量麻醉而安樂死,摘出二眼球,於4%三聚甲醛(Paraformaldehyde:PFA)於37℃固定1小時後,角膜輪部切開為圓周狀,由眼球去除角膜、虹膜。接著於4%PFA中,於37℃固定1小時後,去除水晶體及鞏膜、脈絡膜,視網膜以眼杯(eye cup)單離。視網膜於4%PFA中,於37℃再固定3小時後,以PBS洗淨3次(各15分鐘,37℃),脫水(甲醇50%→100%各10分鐘,37℃),PBS洗淨3次(各15分鐘,
37℃),以封阻緩衝液(blocking buffer)(1%BSA,0.5%Triton-X於PBS中)進行封阻60分鐘(37℃)。其次進行一次抗體處置(0.7%FITC-結合之抗-凝集素抗體於PBS中,4℃,隔夜),PBS洗淨3次(各15分鐘,37℃)後,眼杯中加入4至6個放射狀切開,鋪片狀視網膜以晶體片(crystal mount)覆蓋。之後以螢光顯微鏡(BZ-9000,KEYENCE Corp,大阪日本)拍攝,利用NIH影像J軟體(NIH image J software)對視網膜全體,藉由下式計算出無灌流區域及新生血管區域。所得數值以生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)作為100%換算,統計解析以Wilcoxon檢測進行。
無灌流區域=無血管區域面積/視網膜全體面積
新生血管區域=新生血管區域面積/視網膜全體面積
再者,於螢光眼底造影中,動物首先以托吡卡胺(Tropicamide)點眼使瞳孔散瞳,其次藉由克太拉(ketalar)100mg/kg與甲苯噻嗪(selactar)10mg/kg的腹腔內投藥而麻醉,於腹腔內注入螢光素螢光眼底造影劑12μl/g後,以optos200TX(OPTOS PLC)拍攝螢光眼底造影照相,利用NIH影像J軟體,由前述的式計算出新生血管區域。所得數值以生理食鹽水點眼群(對照)作為100%換算,統計解析以Wilcoxon檢測進行。
藉由鋪片法之化合物1點眼的結果示於第1圖至第3圖,法舒地爾點眼的結果示於第4圖至第6圖。第1圖分別為生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)、化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼組以及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像,生理食鹽水點眼組中確認顯著的網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)及新生血管區域,相對於此,化合物1
的0.4%及0.8%溶液點眼組中,判定分別受到抑制。第2圖及第3圖為視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)及新生血管區域定量化的結果。根據第2圖,相對於生理食鹽水點眼組(N=14)的100%,化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼組(N=12)及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組(N=11)中為77.0%與58.1%,則判明無灌流區域為用量依賴性且顯著地受到抑制。進一步地,根據第3圖,相對於生理食鹽水點眼組的100%,化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼組及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組中為58.2%與52.7%,則判明新生血管區域顯著地受到抑制。
另一方面,第4圖分別為生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)
及法舒地爾的0.4%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像,判定二者皆確認顯著的視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)及新生血管區域。第5圖及第6圖為視網膜缺血區域(無灌流區域)及新生血管區域定量化的結果。根據第5圖,相對於生理食鹽水點眼組(N=14)的100%,法舒地爾的0.4%溶液點眼組(N=13)中為107.7%,則判明無灌流區域無變化。再者,根據第6圖,相對於生理食鹽水點眼組的100%,法舒地爾的0.4%溶液點眼組為102.2%,則判明即使在新生血管區域中仍無變化。非專利文獻5中,雖然揭示玻璃體注入法舒地爾的效果,但無法確認藉由點眼的效果。
螢光眼底造影的結果示於第7圖及第8圖。第7圖
分別為生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組的代表性拍攝影像,生理食鹽水點眼組中確認顯著的新生血管區域,相對於此,判定化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組中受到抑制。第8圖為新生血管區域定量化的結果。根據第8圖,相對於生理食
鹽水點眼組(N=8)的100%,化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組(N=8)中為41.6%,則判明為明顯且顯著地受到抑制。
以上,根據第1圖至第3圖、第7圖及第8圖的結果,顯示OIG模式中之缺血區域、新生血管區域的表現係藉由化合物1的點眼而顯著受到抑制。再者,根據第4圖至第6圖的結果,顯示在化合物1可觀察到的效果無法在法舒地爾中確認。
為了調查已知作為老年性黃斑部病變等的模式之Mice CNV Model中之化合物1的有效性,根據以下方法研究。
以與實施例1同樣方式調整的化合物1溶液:0.4%溶液、0.8%溶液(點眼量:20μl)
實驗動物:C57BL/6JJcl小鼠(6至10週齡,雄性,一組11至12隻)
CNV模式的製作、評估係參考文獻(J.Leukoc.Biol.2003;74:25-32,或Am.J.Pathol.1998;153:1641-1646等)而進行。亦即,以托吡卡胺(Tropicamide)點眼使小鼠的瞳孔散瞳後,藉由克太拉(ketalar)100mg/kg與甲苯噻嗪(selactar)10mg/kg的腹腔內投藥而麻醉,每1眼進行4點的光凝固。光凝固係藉由使用蓋玻片作為隱形眼鏡片(contact lens)之裂隙燈傳遞系統(slit lamp delivery system),
進行氪雷射照射(75-μm點尺寸,0.1秒歷程,200mW)。組構成為生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)、化合物1的0.4%溶液點眼組及化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組,點眼為1日進行3次。光凝固處置當日作為第0日,由第0日至第7日為止點眼,第7日製作鋪片,血管以FITC-螢光素染色而評估。具體而言,首先,將觀察到出血及組織破壞的點作為排除例,各採用例點的CNV容積利用NIS-Elements AR Version 4.13計算後,計算出每一眼的平均值(μm3)。
結果示於第9圖。相對於對照組的CNV容積為109177±26399μm3,化合物1的0.4%及0.8%溶液點眼組,分別為56408±9007μm3與88387±33678μm3,則判明脈絡膜新生血管受到抑制。
為了調查在已知作為視網膜血管新生發病之導入VEGF基因的小鼠之Kimba(trVEGF029)小鼠中之化合物1的有效性,根據以下的方法研究。
以與實施例1同樣方式調整的化合物1溶液:0.8%溶液(點眼量:20μl)
實驗動物:Kimba小鼠(由Lions Eye Institute購入,一組6隻)
對同一日出生的Kimba小鼠,自出生後1個月以生理食鹽水(對照)或化合物1的0.8%溶液,一日點眼3次,2週的點眼後,於
麻醉下進行螢光眼底造影與光同調斷層造影而評估。具體而言,首先於螢光眼底造影檢查中,以托吡卡胺(Tropicamide)點眼使小鼠的瞳孔散瞳後,藉由克太拉(ketalar)100mg/kg與甲苯噻嗪(selactar)10mg/kg的腹腔內投藥而麻醉,其次於腹腔內注入螢光素螢光眼底造影劑6μl/g後,以Heidelberg Retina Angiograpaph(HRA,Heidelberg,Germany)進行光眼底造影檢查。再者,於光同調斷層造影的評估中,以托吡卡胺(Tropicamide)點眼使小鼠的瞳孔散瞳後,藉由克太拉(ketalar)100mg/kg與甲苯噻嗪(selactar)10mg/kg的腹腔內投藥而麻醉,於5Line 6mm長度的X軸與Y軸方向以The Cirrus HD-OCT(Carl Zeiss Meditec,Dublin,CA)攝影,計測平均化最大視網膜厚度(統計解析為Student’s檢定)。
結果示於第10圖及第11圖。第10圖上段為螢光眼底造影,下段為來自光同調斷層造影的各組代表性的攝影影像。又,合併顯示作為參考例之正常小鼠的影像(左側,此例的最大視網膜厚度為276μm)。於生理食鹽水點眼組中確認有浮腫,相對於視網膜為肥厚,於化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組中的浮腫受到抑制,判定視網膜厚度亦為正常小鼠的程度。第11圖為視網膜後的數值圖形化者,相對於生理食鹽水點眼組(對照)的平均化最大視網膜厚度為361.8±36.1μm,化合物1的0.8%溶液點眼組中為256.7±35.7μm,則判明視網膜的肥厚顯著地受到抑制。
為了調查對於細胞間障壁之化合物1的有效性,根據以下的
方法研究。
根據一般方法,將小鼠腦微小血管內皮細胞之b-END3(bEND.3:ATCC CRL-2299(註冊商標))於3.5cm培養皿中繼代培養(9×105細胞/皿),自繼代第6日開始實驗。藥物處置條件為無處置例(圖中標記為對照)、VEGF刺激例(25ng/mlμM,24小時,:圖中標記為VEGF(25ng/ml 24小時)刺激)、化合物1(3μM或30μM)前處置(3小時)後之VEGF刺激例(25ng/ml,24小時:圖中標記為VEGF+化合物1(3μM,3小時)前處理或VEGF+化合物1(30μM,3小時)前處理)、IL-6刺激例(10ng/ml,24小時:圖中標記為IL-6(10ng/ml,24小時)刺激)以及化合物1(30μM)前處理(3小時)後之IL-6刺激例(10ng/ml,24小時:圖中標記為IL-6+化合物1(30uM,3小時)前處理)之共計5例或6例。
實驗後的細胞,根據以下的順序進行免疫染色,評估閉合蛋白-5(claudin-5)或F-肌動蛋白(F-actin)的表現。亦即,實驗後的細胞,於常溫以100%甲醇處理5分鐘,進一步以50%甲醇處理5分鐘,以PBS洗淨(5分鐘×2次)。其次,以棉棒修正(trimming)為蓋玻片大小,以免疫組化筆(Dako pen)圍繞。以10%正常山羊血清(10%,normal goat serum ready-to-use(Invitrogen))封阻(30分鐘,常溫),於4℃放置一夜。將兔子抗閉合蛋白-5抗體(Rabbit anti-claudin-5(Invitrogen 34-1600))或兔子抗F-肌動蛋白抗體(Rabbit anti-F-actin(Biossusa bs-1571R))的25倍稀釋液滴下50至70uL後,以PBS洗淨(10分鐘×3次)而進行1次處理。將其於常溫遮光靜置60分鐘,以經Alex Fluo488(註冊商標)標識之抗兔子IgG FITC(Alex
Fluo488 anti-Rabbit IgG FITC)的200倍稀釋進行2次抗體處理後,以PBS洗淨(10分鐘×3次)。以DAPI將核染色,其次以晶體片進行蓋玻片覆蓋,於顯微鏡(×400倍)攝影。關於閉合蛋白-5的結果示於第12圖,關於F-肌動蛋白的結果示於第13圖。
閉合蛋白-5的免疫染色結果示於第12圖,F-肌動蛋白的免疫染色結果示於第13圖。由第12圖明顯可知,因VEGF或IL-6刺激所降低的閉合蛋白-5的表現,藉由化合物1的前處理而改善。再者,由第13圖可知,因VEGF或IL-6刺激所產生的F-肌動蛋白的聚合,藉由化合物1的前處理而受到抑制。因此,判明可期待化合物1對於細胞間障壁的破綻有抑止效果。
本發明之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物具有優異的血管新生抑制作用,且有用於作為眼底疾患,特別是糖尿病視網膜症或老年性黃斑部病變的預防或治療用的醫藥。
本案圖式均為實驗結果之影像圖及其定量化數據圖,因此無指定代表圖。
Claims (15)
- 一種眼底疾患的預防劑或治療劑,其係以(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物作為有效成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預防劑或治療劑,其中該眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預防劑或治療劑,其中該眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之預防劑或治療劑,其中該眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部病變。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項所述之預防劑或治療劑,其係點眼劑。
- 一種用於預防或治療眼底疾患的醫藥組成物,其含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物,以及藥學上容許的載劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之醫藥組成物,其中該眼底疾患為糖尿病視網膜症。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之醫藥組成物,其中該眼底疾患為糖尿病黃斑部浮腫。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之醫藥組成物,其中該眼底疾患為老年性黃斑部病變。
- 如申請專利範圍6至9項中任一項所述之醫藥組成物,其係點眼劑。
- 一種點眼藥,其含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基 -1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物,以及於點眼藥容許的載劑。
- 一種眼底疾患的預防方法或治療方法,其特徵在於投藥有效量之(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之預防方法或治療方法,其中該投藥係藉由點眼而投藥。
- 一種(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-異喹啉磺醯基)-2-甲基-1,4-升哌嗪或其鹽或其等之溶媒合物之用途,其係用於製造眼底疾患的預防劑或治療劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之用途,其中該眼底疾患的預防劑或治療劑係點眼藥。
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