CN106999500A - 用于预防或治疗青光眼的药物疗法 - Google Patents
用于预防或治疗青光眼的药物疗法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106999500A CN106999500A CN201580067618.2A CN201580067618A CN106999500A CN 106999500 A CN106999500 A CN 106999500A CN 201580067618 A CN201580067618 A CN 201580067618A CN 106999500 A CN106999500 A CN 106999500A
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- glaucoma
- isoquinolinesulfonyl
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- homopiperazine
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于预防青光眼或者预防或治疗高眼压症的药物疗法,其眼压下降作用强并具有即效性,并且其持续时间得到延长。一种用于预防或治疗青光眼的(S)‑(‑)‑1‑(4‑氟‑5‑异喹啉磺酰基)‑2‑甲基‑1,4‑高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症的药物疗法。
背景技术
所谓青光眼,是指因各种病因而导致眼压上升,视神经受到障碍而萎缩,从而导致视野异常、视力逐渐降低的疾病。由于发生过一次萎缩的视神经不会恢复,因此,如果忽视青光眼,会导致失明,并且即便治疗成功,也只会停留在维持现状而无法期望恢复,是难治性的疾病。另外,虽然不会伴随视野异常但长时间下来发展成青光眼的可能性较高的高眼压症也蕴藏着同样的危险性。
青光眼被分成先天性青光眼、继发性青光眼、原发性青光眼的3种类型。先天性青光眼是自出生起因房角发育不良、房水的排出受到阻碍所引起的青光眼。继发性青光眼是因炎症或损伤等明确的原因所引起的青光眼,除了葡萄膜炎或眼睛的损伤等眼睛的原因以外,也会因糖尿病所导致的出血、其他疾病的治疗所使用的类固醇激素的长期使用等而导致发病。原发性青光眼是不明原因的青光眼的总称,且常见于中老年人,是青光眼中最多的类型。原发性青光眼与继发性青光眼根据房水流动的阻塞方式而进一步被分成开角型青光眼与闭角型青光眼2种类型。另外,也大量存在发病为未伴随眼压的上升的正常眼压青光眼的患者,但是,总而言之,青光眼治疗的第一目标为降低眼压。
关于青光眼的治疗方法,在利用药物无法控制眼压时或闭角型青光眼患者急性青光眼发作时,进行激光治疗法(激光小梁成形术)或手术疗法(小梁切除术和小梁切开术)等,但首选使用药物疗法。在青光眼的药物疗法中,使用拟交感神经药(肾上腺素等非选择性激动剂、阿可乐定(Apraclonidine)、溴莫尼定(Brimonidine)等α2激动剂)、交感神经阻断药(噻吗洛尔(Timolol)、苯呋洛尔(Befunolol)、卡替洛尔(Carteolol)、尼普地洛(Nipradilol)、倍他洛尔(Betaxolol)、左旋布诺洛尔(Levobunolol)、美替洛尔(Metipranolol)等β阻断药、盐酸布那唑嗪(Bunazosin Hydrochloride)等α1阻断药)、拟副交感神经药(匹鲁卡品(Pilocarpine)等)、碳酸酐酶抑制剂(乙酰唑胺等)、前列腺素类(异丙基乌诺前列酮、拉坦前列素(Latanoprost)、曲伏前列素(Travoprost)、比马前列素(Bimatoprost)、他氟前列素(Tafluprost)等)等。
这些药剂之中,溴莫尼定是通过抑制房水的产生及促进经由葡萄膜巩膜流出路径的房水流出来降低眼压的类型的药剂,也广泛用于临床(非专利文献1)。
另一方面,作为基于新的作用机制的青光眼治疗药的候补,发现了Rho激酶抑制剂(专利文献1~2)。暗示Rho激酶抑制剂通过促进从小梁流出路径的房水流出来降低眼压(非专利文献2),进而其作用取决于小梁细胞中的细胞骨架的变化(非专利文献2、非专利文献3)。
另外,在青光眼或高眼压症中,为了增强眼压下降作用,也进行了将具有眼压下降作用的药剂组合使用。例如,在非专利文献4中记载了将多种作用机制的眼压降低剂组合使用。另外,虽然有利用小鼠对Rho抑制剂K-115与α2激动剂溴莫尼定的并用所带来的眼压降低作用进行评价的报告(非专利文献5),但在投予溴莫尼定1.5小时后并用K-115的条件下并未确认到相对于单独投予K-115的明显的眼压下降作用。
青光眼、高眼压症的治疗剂和治疗方法在眼压下降效果的作用强度和持续时间方面仍然难以说是能够令人满意的。尤其是在闭角型青光眼患者的青光眼发作、新生血管性青光眼或手术后等特殊状态下存在形成为极高的眼压的情况,为了抑制视神经细胞的障碍,必须尽早降低眼压。根据这样的背景,要求更具即效性且眼压下降作用强的青光眼治疗剂。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第00/09162号
专利文献2:日本特开平11-349482号公报
非专利文献1:Arch.Ophthalmol.,113(12),1514-1517(1995)
非专利文献2:IOVS,42(1),137-144(2001)
非专利文献3:IOVS,42(5),1029-1037(2001)
非专利文献4:Exp.Opin.Emer.Drugs,12(2),313-327(2007)
非专利文献5:第27届日本眼药理学会主旨集,总则18,59(2007)
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明涉及提供一种眼压下降作用强并具有即效性、并且其持续时间得到延长的用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症的药物疗法。
用于解决课题的方法
本发明的发明人为了解决上述问题,反复进行深入研究,结果发现,通过组合投予(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪(以下有时称为化合物1)或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与作为α2激动剂的溴莫尼定,可发挥强力并具有即效性的眼压下降作用,并且可延长其持续时间。据称,在兔子中,α2激动剂在发挥滴眼侧的眼压降低作用之前,会先基于存在于末梢神经突触的α1肾上腺素受体刺激而产生短暂性的眼压上升作用,继而通过经由眼睛局部的肾上腺素α2受体的房水产生的抑制或从葡萄膜巩膜流出路径的房水流出量的增加来降低眼压(Current eye research,5(9),665-676(1986)、Ann N Y AcadSci,763,78-95(1995))。因此,在将溴莫尼定与化合物1组合时,在短时间内表现出强眼压降低作用是完全出乎意料的。
即,本发明涉及以下的发明。
1)一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于预防或治疗青光眼。
2)如上述1)的组合,其中,α2激动剂为溴莫尼定或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物。
3)如上述1)或2)的组合,其为复方制剂。
4)如上述1)或2)的组合,其为包含含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的药剂与含有α2激动剂而成的药剂的药盒。
5)一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于预防或治疗高眼压症。
6)如上述5)的组合,其中,α2激动剂为溴莫尼定或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物。
7)如上述5)或6)的组合,其为复方制剂。
8)如上述5)或6)的组合,其为包含含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的药剂与含有α2激动剂而成的药剂的药盒。
9)如上述5)或6)的组合,其为包括如下步骤的药盒:投予含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的制剂作为第一药剂,接下来投予含有α2激动剂而成的制剂作为第二药剂。
10)一种青光眼预防或治疗方法,其特征在于,组合投予(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂。
11)一种高眼压症预防或治疗方法,其特征在于,组合投予(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂。
12)一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于制造青光眼预防或治疗剂。
13)一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于制造高眼压症预防或治疗剂。
发明的效果
根据本发明,能够提供一种眼压下降作用强并具有即效性、并且且其持续时间得到延长的青光眼或者高眼压症的预防或治疗方法。
附图说明
图1是表示各给药组的眼压的经时变化的曲线图。眼压以从初始眼压的变化值(平均值±标准误差)表示。□:溴莫尼定单独给药组,○:(S)-(-)-化合物1单独给药组,●:溴莫尼定与化合物1的并用给药组,统计分析:#p<0.05,##p<0.01vs.化合物1组,$$$p<0.001vs.溴莫尼定组。
具体实施方式
本发明所使用的(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪(化合物1)是具有P物质拮抗作用、白三烯D4拮抗作用和Rho激酶抑制作用的化合物,能够通过公知的方法、例如国际公开第99/20620号所记载的方法进行制造。
作为化合物1的盐,例如,可以列举与盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸等无机酸的盐、或与乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、樟脑磺酸等有机酸的盐,特别优选盐酸盐。
化合物1或其盐不仅能够作为未溶剂合型存在,也能够作为水合物或溶剂合物存在。优选为水合物,但在本发明中包括全部晶型以及水合物或者溶剂合物。
另一方面,作为α2激动剂,只要具有眼压下降作用从而对青光眼治疗有用即可。作为具有眼压下降作用的α2激动剂的具体例,可以列举可乐定(Clonidine)、阿可乐定、溴莫尼定等。例如,溴莫尼定能够通过Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters(1995),5(19),2255-8等所记载的公知的方法进行制造。
作为溴莫尼定的盐,例如,可以列举与盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、氢溴酸等无机酸的盐、或与乙酸、酒石酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸、樟脑磺酸等有机酸的盐,优选为酒石酸。
溴莫尼定或其盐不仅能够作为未溶剂合型存在,也能够作为水合物或溶剂合物存在。优选为水合物,但在本发明中包括全部晶型以及水合物或者溶剂合物。
在组合使用(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物(化合物1)与α2激动剂时,如后述实施例所示,在投药后立刻能够确认到强且协同的眼压下降作用。另外,该强的眼压下降作用持续数小时。因此,这些组合作为青光眼或高眼压症的预防或治疗剂有用,这些组合投予作为用于预防或治疗青光眼或高眼压症的药物疗法有用。此处,作为青光眼,例如,可以列举原发性开角型青光眼、正常眼压青光眼、房水分泌过多青光眼、高眼压症、急性闭角型青光眼、慢性闭角型青光眼、高原型虹膜综合症(plateau iris syndrome)、混合型青光眼、类固醇青光眼、水晶体的囊膜性青光眼、色素性青光眼、淀粉样蛋白青光眼、新生血管性青光眼、恶性青光眼等。另外,高眼压症也称为眼性高血压症,是指虽然未在视神经确认到明确的病变但仍显示出异常高的眼压的症状,包括术后的高眼压表现等大量高眼压状态。
本发明的用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症的(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物(化合物1)与α2激动剂的组合既可以是作为复方制剂(青光眼预防或治疗剂、高眼压症的预防或治疗剂),在适当的配合比中将各自的有效量制剂化成一种剂型,另外,也可以是将含有各自的有效量的药剂单独制剂化而成的制剂以能够同时地或隔开间隔分别使用的方式制成的药盒。
在将(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物(化合物1)与α2激动剂分别制剂化时,能够分别根据公知的方法来制备制剂。例如,(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物的制剂能够参考上述专利文献1和国际公开第97/23222号所记载的制剂例来进行制备。另外,在α2激动剂为溴莫尼定时,能够参考国际公开第92/13855号等所记载的制剂例来进行制备。关于溴莫尼定,也能够使用市售的制剂。
在制备配合有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的制剂时,也能够根据公知的方法进行制备。例如,滴眼剂能够根据需要使用等渗剂、缓冲剂、表面活性剂、防腐剂等进行制备。pH值只要处于眼科制剂可以接受的范围内即可,优选为pH值4~8的范围。
上述制剂优选为眼科用制剂、特别是作为滴眼用制剂来使用,这样的滴眼剂可以为水性滴眼剂、非水性滴眼剂、悬浮性滴眼剂、乳浊性滴眼剂、眼软膏等的任一种。这样的制剂作为适于给药的形态的组合物,能够根据需要配合药学上可以接受的载体、例如等渗剂、螯合剂、稳定剂、pH值调节剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、溶解辅助剂、粘稠化剂等并通过本领域技术人员公知的(制剂)方法来制造。
在制备滴眼剂时,例如,能够通过使所期望的上述成分溶解或悬浮于灭菌精制水、生理盐水等水性溶剂或棉籽油、大豆油、芝麻油、花生油等植物油等非水性溶剂中,调整为规定的浸透压,并实施过滤灭菌等灭菌处理来进行。另外,在制备眼软膏剂时,除上述各种成分以外,还能够含有软膏基剂。作为上述软膏基剂,并无特别限定,可以优选列举凡士林、流动石蜡、聚乙烯等油性基剂;通过表面活性剂等使油相与水相乳化而成的乳剂性基剂;包括羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇等的水溶性基剂等。
在将(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合制成用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症的药盒时,能以如下方式设计:将以如上所述制剂化的含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物而成的药剂与含有前列腺素类而成的药剂分别单独包装,在给药时从各个包装中取出各个医药品制剂并使用。另外,也能够将各个医药品制剂以适合每次并用投予的形态预先包装。
在将(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂组合用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症时,其给药量因患者的体重、年龄、性别、症状、给药形态和给药次数等而不同,通常,对于成人,作为(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物,可以列举每天0.025~10000μg、优选为0.025~2000μg、更优选为0.1~2000μg的范围,作为α2激动剂,可以列举每天3~10000μg、优选为30~3000μg的范围。若针对α2激动剂列举具体例,例如,在溴莫尼定时,通常每天使用30~300μg。
另外,在作为配合有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的制剂投予时,只要以每天的给药量成为上述各成分的量或其以下的方式,制备适当选择了配合比例的制剂即可。
另外,给药次数没有特别限定,优选为1次或分成数次投予,在液体滴眼剂时,每次滴眼1~数滴即可。在制成药盒时,可以分别同时投予单独的制剂,也可以隔开5分钟~24小时的间隔投予。在隔开间隔投予时,优选设为如下步骤:投予含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的制剂作为第一药剂,接下来投予含有α2激动剂而成的制剂作为第二药剂。
以下,对本发明更详细地进行说明,但本发明并不限定于此。
实施例
实施例1为了研究(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪(化合物1)与α2激动剂的组合的有用性,针对对实验动物单独或并用投予两种药物时的眼压下降效果进行了比较研究。
1.被验化合物溶液的制备
A.化合物1的溶液的制备
在将(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪-盐酸盐二水合物溶解于生理盐水后,添加磷酸二氢钠、氢氧化钠对溶液进行中和(pH值6.0),制备了所期望的浓度的化合物1的溶液。
B.α2受体激动剂类的制备
直接使用市售的溴莫尼定(千寿制药株式会社,AIPHAGAN滴眼液0.1%)。
2.试验方法
对并用投予化合物1与溴莫尼定时的眼压下降效果进行了研究。作为比较对照,也对单独投予化合物1或单独投予溴莫尼定时的眼压下降效果进行了研究。
A.试验所使用的药剂和动物
化合物1的溶液:0.4%溶液(滴眼量:50μL)
溴莫尼定:0.1%滴眼液(滴眼量:50μL)
实验动物:白色兔子(性别:雄性,一组10只)
B.投予方法和测定方法
(1)两种药剂的并用投予
1)在实验动物的两眼中滴眼一滴4%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液(商品名:Benoxil0.4%溶液)进行局部麻醉(数据仅为滴眼侧的数据)。
2)在将要投予被验化合物溶液之前测定眼压作为初始眼压。
3)将化合物1的溶液滴眼至实验动物的单眼中,接下来将溴莫尼定溶液滴眼至同一眼中。
4)在滴眼两种药剂0.5小时、1小时、2小时、3小时、4小时和5小时后将0.4%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液逐滴滴眼至两眼中进行局部麻醉后,测定眼压。
(2)化合物1的单独投予
进行化合物1的单独滴眼,并在与上述并用投予试验相同的测定时间进行试验。
(3)溴莫尼定的单独投予
将上述化合物1的单独投予的受检溶液替换成溴莫尼定,除此以外,以与上述单独投予试验相同的方法进行试验。
3.结果和考察
将试验的结果示于表1和图1。此外,眼压表示从初始眼压的变化值。另外,统计处理使用Stat Preclinica Client 1.1、参数Tukey型多重比较。
[表1]
IOP | 0h | 0.5h | 1h |
化合物1 | 26.5±0.8 | 20.5±1.2 | 15.9±1.0 |
溴莫尼定 | 24.2±1.3 | 25.2±0.9 | 19.4±1.2 |
并用 | 24.9±1.2 | 14.2±1.6 | 10.6±0.5 |
n=10,IOP:眼内压(mmHg)
由表1可知,通过化合物1与溴莫尼定的并用确认到即效性的眼压降低作用。尤其是在滴眼后0.5小时内,虽然单独投予溴莫尼定并无眼压降低作用,但是通过2剂并用而表现出协同且强力的眼压降低作用。另外,由图1可知,化合物1与溴莫尼定的并用组表现出较药剂单独给药组、即化合物1给药组或溴莫尼定给药组更优异的眼压下降作用,并且,其作用的持续性也提高。
由以上可知,通过将化合物1与溴莫尼定组合,可以从早期获得较强的眼压下降效果、以及持续效果的提高。
工业上的可利用性
本发明的(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合具有优异的眼压下降效果、以及即效性与持续效果,作为用于预防或治疗青光眼或者高眼压症的医药有用。
Claims (13)
1.一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于预防或治疗青光眼。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合,其特征在于:
α2激动剂为溴莫尼定或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合,其特征在于:
其为复方制剂。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的组合,其特征在于:
其为包含含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的药剂与含有α2激动剂而成的药剂的药盒。
5.一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于预防或治疗高眼压症。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合,其特征在于:
α2激动剂为溴莫尼定或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的组合,其特征在于:
其为复方制剂。
8.如权利要求5或6所述的组合,其特征在于:
其为包含含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的药剂与含有α2激动剂而成的药剂的药盒。
9.如权利要求5或6所述的组合,其特征在于:
其为包括如下步骤的药盒:投予含有(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪而成的制剂作为第一药剂,接下来投予含有α2激动剂而成的制剂作为第二药剂。
10.一种青光眼预防或治疗方法,其特征在于:
组合投予(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂。
11.一种高眼压症预防或治疗方法,其特征在于:
组合投予(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂。
12.一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于制造青光眼预防或治疗剂。
13.一种(S)-(-)-1-(4-氟-5-异喹啉磺酰基)-2-甲基-1,4-高哌嗪或其盐或者它们的溶剂合物与α2激动剂的组合,其用于制造高眼压症预防或治疗剂。
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