TW201435037A - 含吸氣劑材料的膠帶 - Google Patents
含吸氣劑材料的膠帶 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201435037A TW201435037A TW102144521A TW102144521A TW201435037A TW 201435037 A TW201435037 A TW 201435037A TW 102144521 A TW102144521 A TW 102144521A TW 102144521 A TW102144521 A TW 102144521A TW 201435037 A TW201435037 A TW 201435037A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- tape
- adhesive
- getter material
- layers
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 206
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/29—Laminated material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/40—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by release liners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
- H01L23/18—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
- H01L23/26—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances, e.g. getters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2405/00—Adhesive articles, e.g. adhesive tapes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/02—Elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J153/005—Modified block copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J153/02—Vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C09J153/025—Vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J171/00—Adhesives based on polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J177/00—Adhesives based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J177/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J177/00—Adhesives based on polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J177/06—Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
- C09J2301/12—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the arrangement of layers
- C09J2301/124—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet by the arrangement of layers the adhesive layer being present on both sides of the carrier, e.g. double-sided adhesive tape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/10—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet
- C09J2301/18—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive tape or sheet characterized by perforations in the adhesive tape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/304—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being heat-activatable, i.e. not tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
- C09J2301/41—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the carrier layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
- C09J2400/10—Presence of inorganic materials
- C09J2400/12—Ceramic
- C09J2400/123—Ceramic in the substrate
-
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Abstract
依據本發明,平面黏合劑能被有效的保護免於不僅是來自環境的滲透物還有在積層、捲取、堆疊或其它加工步驟進入的滲透物。此係藉由一種膠帶達成,其係以說明順序至少具有下述層:第一外側黏合劑層A,至少含有一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B,與第二外側黏合劑層C。本發明之另一態樣係此種膠帶之用途,其係做為封裝材料。
Description
本發明係關於用於保護電子元件之封裝材料的技術領域。其提出一種具提升之防護功能(特別是對具滲透能力之物質)的適於此目的之膠帶。
光電子元件越來越頻繁地被使用於市售產品中或接近進入市場。此種元件包括無機或有機電子結構,例如有機、金屬有機或聚合物半導體還有其組合。相應的產品係視期望之應用構成為剛性或撓性,而其中對於撓性元件的需求正不斷增加。此種元件之製造主要係藉由印刷法進行,如凸版印刷、凹版印刷、網版印刷、平板印刷還有所謂的「非撞擊式印刷」,如熱轉印、噴墨印刷或數位印刷。常使用的還有真空法,如化學氣相沉積(CVD)、物理氣相沉積(PVD)、電漿輔助化學或物理氣相沉積(PECVD)、濺鍍、(電漿)蝕刻或氣相沉積。結構化通常係通過遮罩進行。
已經在市面上可得到或具市場潛力的光電元件之範例有電泳或電致變色之結構物或顯示器、使用於告示裝置或顯示裝置中或用於照明之有機或聚合物發光二極體(OLED或PLED),此外例如還有電致發光燈、發
光電化學電池(LEEC)、有機太陽能電池如染料敏化太陽能電池或聚合物太陽能電池、無機太陽能電池(特別是薄膜太陽能電池(例如基於矽、鍺、銅、銦與硒之太陽能電池))、有機場效電晶體、有機開關元件、有機光學放大器、有機雷射二極體、有機或無機感應器,以及有機或無機系RFID應答器。
為無機與有機光電領域(特別是有機光電領域)之光電元件實現充足的使用壽命與功能之技術挑戰,係保護其中所包含的元件接觸到滲透物。此處的滲透物通常有侵入固體並滲透或流動於其中之氣態或液態物質。也就是可為許多低分子量有機或無機化合物滲透物,而在本文中特別重要的是水氣與氧氣。
許多光電元件(特別是使用有機材料者)不僅對水氣敏感還對氧氣敏感。因此在電子元件壽命期間必須以封裝來加以保護,否則效能即會隨著使用時間而衰減。不充足的保護會例如藉由氧化過程或水解過程使電致發光燈(EL燈)或有機發光二極體(OLED)之亮度、電泳顯示器(EP顯示器)之對比、或太陽能電池之效率在短時間內急遽下滑。
因此,在無機與特別是有機光電子領域,對於對如氧氣及/或水氣之滲透物表現為阻隔物之可撓性黏合方案有很高的需求。現有技術中以發現一些此類黏合方案。
環氧化物系液態膠黏劑常被使用作為阻隔黏合物,例如WO 98/21287 A1、US 4,051,195與US
4,552,604所述。其主要使用範圍係在固態元件之邊緣黏結,還有一些可撓性元件。其硬化係以熱或透過UV輻射進行。
但使用此種液態膠黏劑也會帶來一連串非期望的效果。如低分子量組成成分(VOC,揮發性有機化合物)會損害元件敏感的電子結構並使生產困難。此外此種膠黏劑必須繁瑣的施用於元件的每一個部位。而為了要確保精確的定位,必須要購買昂貴的點膠機與固定裝置。此種施用方式因而會妨礙快速並連續的加工。而在接下來進行的積層步驟,由於其低黏度也會讓要達成既定的層厚度與黏結寬度變困難。
另外還有使用壓敏性黏合劑或熱熔膠來密封光電子結構物。其中壓敏性黏合劑較佳使用在黏結後能藉由導入能量(例如光化輻射或熱)而交聯者。此種黏合劑例如有在US 2006/0100299 A1與WO 2007/087281 A1中所述者。其優點特別在於藉由交聯,可使黏合劑的阻隔效果提升。
另外熱熔膠之使用係現有技術所熟知的。此處使用許多乙烯之共聚物,例如:乙烯-乙酸乙酯(EEA)、乙烯-丙烯酸-共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯(EBA)或乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯(EMA)。特別是對於矽晶圓系太陽能電池模組,通常會使用交聯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯-(EVA)-共聚物。其交聯係在加壓與高於約120℃之密封製程發生。而對於許多有機半導體系光電結構物或以薄膜法製造之光電結構物來說,基於高溫與加壓的機械應力,此製程
係不利的。
基於嵌段共聚物或官能化聚合物之熱熔膠係例如在WO 2008/036707 A2、WO 2003/002684 A1、JP 2005-298703 A與US 2004/0216778 A1中所述者。此種黏合劑的優點為不會有或只有極少量的會損害結構物本身之物質會經由膠黏劑本身被帶入欲封裝的結構物中,而此問題特別會反應在液態黏合系統,特別是丙烯酸酯系或環氧樹脂系的液態黏合系統。基於高比例的反應基,上述系統具有相對的高極性,使其中特別會含水。而其量通常在小於100ppm到高達1%之範圍。也基於這樣的理由,此種液態膠結劑主要使用在電子元件之周圍密封,不會與活性電子材料直接接觸。
處理進入的滲透物之問題的另一可能方式,係在封裝內額外加入吸收材料(所謂的吸氣劑),其會與膠黏劑中擴散出來或滲透出來的水或其它滲透物結合,並將它們例如吸收或吸附於其中。此種方式暗示於包括EP1407818 A1、US 2003/0057574 A1與US 2004/0169174 A1中。膠黏劑之特性隨著與滲透物結合之物質或特徵改變,此外敘述於例如JP 07-169567、WO 98/01910 A1、WO 03/088371 A2、US 2004-0104673 A1、WO 03/065470 A1、JP 04-296381、US 6833668、DE 102008062130 A1、DE 102008060113 A1與DE 102008047964 A1中。
DE 196 46 048 A1中敘述一種用於透皮治療系統之包裝積層體,其包括一層分散有乾燥劑之片狀層,其中此層係藉由塗布有膠結劑之薄膜的作用固定於
包裝積層體上。該包裝積層體於包裝中將氣室乾燥。
DE 199 13 761 A1中敘述一種用於乾燥周圍氣室之片狀乾燥裝置,其包括一種其中含有乾燥劑之基質,而該基質也可為壓敏性黏合劑。
於其中具有分散的吸氣劑材料之膠黏劑的根本上之缺點,係吸氣劑材料會損害膠黏性質。因此,可能在此表面之接觸面拿去與欲黏結之基板接觸時,其不再具有膠黏性。此外在封裝時,吸氣劑材料也可能與電子元件直接接觸而帶到元件上,並基於其反應性而使其損傷。
WO 2009/086095 A2中敘述一種封裝系統,其包括可撓性阻隔膜、至少部分施用於該阻隔膜上之膠黏劑、與至少施用於一部份的阻隔膜或膠黏劑之乾燥劑。其缺點為此種結構之層的製造複雜。
此外,還可以使用滲透物特別少之原料,或是在製造時或施用前將滲透物質從膠黏劑驅離,例如藉由加熱乾燥、真空乾燥、冷凍乾燥或摻混吸氣劑。此種方法的缺點係乾燥時間長與可能的高或低乾燥溫度,會損害膠黏劑或引發化學反應,例如交聯。而摻混與之後分離吸氣劑之步驟係繁瑣的。
因此必須採取某種膠黏側措施來減少有害的滲透物質進入欲保護之結構物,使製造出的性質直到膠黏劑使用時都盡可能的保持不降低。例如必需保護特別是無水製造之膠黏劑免於自環境吸水。
此課題通常藉由膠黏劑之防滲透的包裝或至
少抑制滲透的包裝來解決。液態膠黏劑通常係裝在適當的(例如由金屬製成之)容器中。膠帶常收縮包裝於由抑制滲透之材料(例如由聚乙烯膜構成或由鋁與聚酯構成之膜積層體)構成之可撓性袋子中。還有包裝材料本身必須盡可能的沒有可能釋放至填料側之滲透物。
為了抵銷包裝密度之弱點或快速的結合封入的滲透物,常會包裝入吸氣劑,例如以填充入矽膠或沸石之袋子的形式。此吸氣劑通常不會與填料直接接觸。此方法的缺點特別係包裝成本增加。
在以平面膠黏劑(也就是膠帶或膠膜)包裝時會遇到一特別問題:若其作為胚料堆疊或以輥捲取時會封入氣體(例如空氣),其不會與其它留在包裝中的氣室交流。所包含之不期望的滲透物,例如水氣,也不會與包裝中存在的吸氣劑材料接觸,而可能因此侵入黏合劑。此外這種膠帶通常含有暫時性覆蓋材料,即所謂的裱紙,另外經常還有載體材料。它們也可能含有不期望的滲透物,其特別基於與交黏劑的大接觸面積,而可容易的滲透進其中。於包裝中加進的吸器劑袋子或墊子,無法確實的捕捉並與這些滲透物結合。藉由例如乾燥來自裱紙材料與載體材料完全除去不期望的滲透物係耗時且繁瑣的。
因此,對於保護平面黏著劑免於滲透物之適當措施有持續的需求。
因此,本發明之課題係提供一種平面黏合
劑,其能被有效的保護免於不僅是來自環境的滲透物還有在積層、捲取、堆疊或其它加工步驟進入的滲透物。因此在產品上,例如包含一層實質上無滲透物的黏合層之膠帶,此黏合層至少在儲藏與運送期間會進一步保持實質上無滲透物。
此課題之答案係基於本發明之基本概念,將至少一種吸氣劑材料以適當方式合併於平面黏合劑中。
因此,本發明之的一目的係一種膠帶,其係以說明順序至少具有下述層:-第一外側黏合劑層A,-至少含有一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B,與-第二外側黏合劑層C。
藉由此種膠帶,可實現極佳的黏合劑免於滲透之保護,且無需損害黏合性質。
10、11‧‧‧黏合劑層
20~25‧‧‧含吸氣劑材料之層
30‧‧‧載體層
40、41‧‧‧離型裱紙
50‧‧‧無機阻隔層
第1~12圖為本發明之膠帶的結構之示範變體。圖式係純粹示意,並非按比例繪製。
本發明之膠帶的結構之示範變體係繪製於圖式1至12中。圖式係純粹示意,並非按比例繪製。
第1圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由無機吸氣劑材料所構成之連續層20所組成。
第2圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由無機吸氣劑材料所構成之穿孔層
21所組成。
第3圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由無機吸氣劑材料所構成之穿孔層22所組成,其中黏合劑係進入到由吸氣劑材料所構成之層,並至少將其部分包覆。
第4圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層21所組成。
第圖5繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層23所組成,其中其中黏合劑係進入到由吸氣劑材料所構成之層,並至少將其部分包覆。
第6圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層24所組成,其中吸氣劑材料係嵌入於經拉伸之聚合物基質。基質材料沒有完全潤濕吸氣劑粒子(於圖式中未精確繪製),而是最多僅部分潤濕吸氣劑粒子。藉此可得到讓滲透物容易到達吸氣劑材料之表面的孔隙率。
第7圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層25所組成,其中吸氣劑材料係鬆散地嵌入於紡織平面結構物中。
第8圖同樣繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的層由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層25所組成,其中吸氣劑材料係鬆散地嵌入於
紡織平面結構物中。
第9圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及二層位於其間的由無機吸氣劑所構成之層20、21所組成,其中層20與21分別被放在連續的載體材料30之一側上。
第10圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及二層位於其間的由無機吸氣劑所構成之層20、21所組成,其中層20與21分別被放在穿孔的載體材料31之一側上。
第11圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層位於其間的由微粒狀無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層24所組成,其中吸氣劑材料係嵌入於經拉伸之聚合物基質,且黏合劑係以離型裱紙40、41覆蓋。
第12圖繪製一種膠帶,其係由二層黏合劑層10、11以及一層由無機吸氣劑材料所構成之層20還有一層無機阻隔層50所組成,其中層20係被放在載體材料30之一側而無機阻隔層50係被放在載體材料30之另一側上。
考慮本發明之目的,特別為一種膠帶,其係以正交於主面的順序至少具有下述層:-第一外側黏合劑層A,-至少含有一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B,與-第二外側黏合劑層C。
「膠帶」一詞應理解為塗布了至少一種壓敏
性膠黏劑或至少一種可再活化之膠黏劑之載體材料,或以平面外型存在之壓敏性膠黏劑,或外形固定的可再活化之膠黏劑。本發明中膠帶係視為平面外型,也就是基本上在二維上延伸之外型。具有延伸的長度與有限的寬度之條帶、條段、標籤、沖壓帶與類似物也包括在「膠帶」一詞中。相對的,不包括的有固化與尚未固化之液態膠黏劑或以其製造之黏結。
本發明中「主面」一詞應理解為具有最大延伸之膠帶表面。自然的,此主面於本發明之膠帶會在彼此平行的方向上於剩下的維度上之延伸距離發現二次。而本發明中這兩個面均可視為「主面」。
本發明中「外側」黏合劑層係意指,層A與C各在本發明之膠帶的最外側,構成最終層的層結構。而可能覆蓋在黏合劑層上的離型裱紙則不會被視為本發明之膠帶的構件。
黏合劑層A與C較佳各自獨立地由壓敏性黏合劑或可活化之黏著劑或特別是可活化之壓敏性黏合劑所構成。特佳黏合劑層A與C雙方都是由壓敏性黏合劑或可活化之黏合劑或特別是可活化之壓敏性黏合劑所構成;於其特佳變體中,兩個黏合劑層分別係由相同類型的黏合劑所構成。於本發明之較佳實施形態中,黏合劑層A與C中至少一者係由壓敏性黏合劑所構成。特佳為黏合劑層A與C均係由壓敏性黏合劑所構成。再特佳為黏合劑層A與C係由相同壓敏性黏合劑所構成。
「壓敏性黏合劑」一詞係指通常的並為本發
明中的黏合劑,其固化薄膜在室溫下於乾燥狀態具有永久黏性及黏著可能性。壓敏性黏合劑在相對的低壓力下即能與基底永久性結合,並可在使用後實質上無殘膠地自基底去除。黏合劑的接合性取決於其附著性質而除去性則取決於其內聚性質。
依據本發明,於黏合劑層A與C可使用所有行家所熟知的壓敏性黏合劑,例如基於丙烯酸酯及/或甲基丙烯酸酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、天然橡膠、合成橡膠;具有由不飽和或氫化聚二烯嵌段所構成之彈性體嵌段的苯乙烯嵌段共聚物,彈性體嵌段例如為聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯、由此二者構成的共聚物、聚丁烯(具體來說為聚異丁烯)、以及其它行家熟悉的彈性體嵌段;聚烯烴,具體來說為聚-α-烯烴及/或聚異丁烯;氟化聚合物及/或聚矽氧。「壓敏性黏合劑」一詞還包括其他依據Donatas Satas(Satas & Associates出版社1999年於Warwick出版)之「壓敏性黏合劑技術手冊」中所提具有壓敏性膠黏性質之物料。
若本文中提到丙烯酸酯系壓敏性黏合劑,除非特別說明,否則不用特別解釋,係包括基於丙烯酸酯之壓敏性黏合劑及基於丙烯酸酯與甲基丙烯酸酯之壓敏性黏合劑。同樣,依據本發明可使用多種基礎聚合物之組合與混合物,也可使用添加了增黏樹脂、填料、抗氧化劑及/或交聯劑之黏合劑,其中添加劑之列表僅為舉例,不應理解為限縮。
較佳壓敏性黏合劑之聚合物基礎材料係選自
下列物質:苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、聚丁烯(具體來說為聚異丁烯)、聚烯烴與氟化聚合物、以及由二種以上這些聚合物所構成之混合物。所列出的聚合物係依據其對水氣的高滲透阻隔性以及低含水量而被舉出。特別是由苯乙烯嵌段共聚物與聚異丁烯以及這些聚合物之混合物所選出之壓敏性黏合劑之聚合物基礎材料。
壓敏性黏合劑層A與C基本上在其聚合物基礎材料還有其它成分上可以相同或相異。
於本發明之其它較佳實施形態中,黏合劑層A與C中至少一者係由可活化之黏合劑所構成。特佳為黏合劑層A與C均係由可活化之黏合劑所構成。再特佳為黏合劑層A與C係由相同的可活化之黏合劑所構成。
「可活化之黏合劑」一詞應理解為一種黏合劑,其在未活化之狀態對於基板無附著性,無法構成黏接結合。其要先經過輸入能量或物質交換效果才能構成黏接結合。作為可活化之黏合劑,基本上可使用所有通常的活化黏結黏合劑系統。本發明中活化較佳通常係藉由輸入能量進行,例如且特佳為藉由光化輻射或熱(熱活化黏結黏合劑)。
熱活化黏結黏合劑基本上分為兩個類別:熱塑性熱活化黏結黏合劑(熔融膠黏劑)與反應性熱活化黏結黏合劑(反應性膠黏劑)。此種黏合劑也包括歸類於兩類別裡的黏合劑,即反應性熱塑性熱活化黏結黏合劑(反應性熔融膠黏劑)。
熱塑性黏合劑係基於一種聚合物,其在加熱
下可逆地軟化並於冷卻時再固化。作為熱塑性黏合劑,較佳特別為基於聚烯烴與聚烯烴及其酸改性衍生物之共聚物、離聚物、熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺與聚酯及其共聚物、還有嵌段共聚物(如苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)所製成。
相對於此,反應性熱活化黏結黏合劑係包含反應性成分。前述組成成分也被稱為「反應性樹脂」,其藉由加熱會起始交聯過程,該過程在交聯反應結束後會確保永久穩定的結合。此種黏合劑較佳還包含彈性成分,例如合成腈橡膠或苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。此種彈性成分由於其高流動黏度,在壓力下也能提供熱活化黏結黏合劑特高的尺寸穩定性。
輻射活化黏合劑也係基於反應性成分。前述組成成分也可包括例如聚合物或反應性樹脂,其藉由照射輻射會起始交聯過程,該過程在交聯反應結束後會確保永久穩定的結合。此種黏合劑較佳還包含如前面所提到的彈性成分。
特佳為黏合劑層A與C中至少一者係由可活化之壓敏性黏合劑所構成。再特佳為黏合劑層A與C均由可活化之壓敏性黏合劑所構成。特別是黏合劑層A與C均由相同的可活化之壓敏性黏合劑所構成。可活化之壓敏性黏合劑在室溫顯示立即的附著性,此外藉由活化會提升其黏結強度或其它性質。
較佳黏合劑層A與C中至少一者係由可活化之黏合劑,或由具有環氧化物系、氧雜環丁烷系、(甲基)
丙烯酸酯系及/或改性(例如以順丁烯二酸酐接枝、環氧化及/或磺化)之苯乙烯嵌段共聚物系之反應性成分(反應性樹脂)之壓敏性黏合劑所構成。
黏合劑層A與C較佳本發明之膠帶完工的時點或在其使用前,即在吸氣劑材料開始有目標地吸收出自黏合劑之滲透物之前,具有少於2000ppm之滲透物含量,特佳為少於800ppm。其中ppm之標示係表示所包含之滲透物的總重量對受測的黏合劑重量之關係。滲透物含量可藉由氣相層析法依據VDA 277判定,或在水的情形可依據DIN EN ISO 62(重力法,方法4)或DIN 53715(卡耳-費雪滴定法),在試料於23℃與50%之相對濕度儲放超過24小時後測定。藉由黏合劑如此低的滲透物含量,層B的吸氣劑材料之容量不會一開始就那麼快的被黏合劑中所包含的滲透物耗損,使層B能更佳地滿足其捕集來自於環境中的滲透物之功能。
黏合劑層A與C對於欲固定之滲透物較佳具有低滲透率。在水氣為滲透物之情形,基於50μm之黏合劑厚度,各別的水氣通透率(WVTR)較佳為低於50g/(m2*d),特佳為低於25g/(m2*d)。其中WVTR係於38℃與90%之相對濕度依據ASTM F-1249測量,氧氣通透率(OTR)係於23℃與50%之相對濕度依據DIN 53380-第3部分測量。
藉由黏合劑之低滲透率,會有更少的來自環境之滲透物經由黏合劑擴散穿透至含吸氣劑材料之層,藉此能更長期的滿足其功能,或能裝載更少量的吸氣劑
材料,減少材料使用量並節省成本。此特別適用於在製造本發明的膠帶期間,在此期間尚未藉由包裝或覆蓋(例如裱紙)來保護免於來自環境擴散進的滲透物。
為了最佳化性質,層A與C之黏合劑可各自獨立地與一種以上的添加劑混合,例如增黏劑(樹脂)、軟化劑、填充劑、顏料、UV吸收劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑、交聯劑、交聯助劑或彈性體。
膠黏劑層A與C的量或單位面積重量較佳各自獨立地達1至2000g/m2,更佳達10至100g/m2,其中「量」或「單位面積重量」應理解為可能進行的移除水及/或溶劑後之量或單位面積重量。
本發明之膠帶在外側黏合劑層A與C之間具有層B,其至少包含一種無機吸氣劑材料。「無機吸氣劑材料」一詞依據本發明係包括具有至少一個可水解取代基之矽烷與金屬有機錯合物/金屬有機螯合劑。其中「吸氣劑材料」一詞應理解為一種材料,其能吸收(吸著)一種以上具滲透能力之物質。其中藉由吸氣劑材料吸著具滲透能力之物質,可藉由吸收或吸附進行,而其中的吸附能以化學吸附之形式也能以物理吸附之形式進行。因此,吸氣劑材料也可以指「吸著劑」。較佳為吸氣劑材料至少能吸著水。
「具滲透能力之物質」一詞應理解為一種物質,其為氣態或液態或甚至固態物質,能滲進本發明之膠帶的黏合劑並在之後滲透它。此種物質在前後文中係以「滲透物」來表示。滲透物可來自黏合劑本身或來自
環境,例如來自本發明之膠帶所包含之載體材料。來自黏合劑本身的主要為低分子量有機化合物(如殘餘溶劑)、殘餘單體、油脂、樹脂成分、軟化劑以及水。來自環境的常為水、揮發性有機化合物(VOCs)、低分子量烴與氧氣。「具滲透能力之物質」或「滲透物」特別有以下物質:乙腈、1-丁醇、氯苯、氯仿(三氯甲烷)、環己烷、乙醚、1,4-二烷、冰醋酸(乙酸)、乙酸酐、醋酸乙酯(乙酸乙酯、醋酸酯)、醋酸正丁酯(乙酸正丁酯)、醋酸三級丁酯(乙酸三級丁酯)、乙醇、甲醇、正己烷、正庚烷、3-己酮、2-丙醇(異丙醇)、3-甲基-1-丁醇(異戊醇)、氯化甲烷(二氯甲烷)、甲乙酮(丁酮)、甲基異丁基酮、硝基甲烷(硝甲烷)、正戊烷、2-戊酮、3-戊酮、石油醚(輕質石油)、汽油、丙醇、吡啶(吖)、甲基三級丁基醚、四氯乙烷(過氯乙烯)、四氫呋喃、甲苯、三氯乙烷、三乙基胺、二甲苯、氧氣、甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丙烯、丁烷、丁烯、二氧化碳、臭氧、二氧化硫、水。
適用於本發明之無機吸氣劑材料有例如:氯化鈷、氯化鈣、溴化鈣、氯化鋰、氯化鋅、溴化鋅、矽酸(例如矽膠)、氧化鋁(活性氧化鋁)、硫酸鋁、硫酸鈣、硫酸銅、二硫亞磺酸鈉、碳酸鈉、硫酸鈉、氫氧化鈉、碳酸鉀、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鎂、二氧化鈦、矽藻土、沸石、氧化鋇、氧化鈣、氧化鐵;其它碳奈米管、活性碳、五氧化二磷、於取代基中具有至少至少一個可水解基之矽烷;可輕微氧化之金屬如鐵、鈣、鈉與鎂;氫化金屬,
例如氫化鈣、氫化鈉與氫化鋁鋰;金屬螯合劑,例如乙醯丙酮鋁;亞硫酸鹽,例如偏二亞硫酸鉀;以及特別用於結合氧氣之基於螯合胺與過渡金屬錯合物之金屬有機氧化添加劑,特別是與可氧化基板材料組合。
依據本發明也可使用由二種以上吸氣劑材料所構成之混合物。
吸氣劑材料較佳依其功能使用無滲透物之材料,例如無水。但依據本發明,也可使用已經部分與滲透物複合之材料,例如CaSO4*1/2H2O(硫酸鈣半水合物)或矽酸,其依據定義係以通式(SiO2)m*nH2O之化合物存在。
「矽酸」一詞如上所述應理解為通式(SiO2)m*nH2O之化合物。其係關於藉由濕式化學法、加熱法或熱解法製造之二氧化矽。具體來說,「矽酸」為矽膠(例如具有鈷化合物作為濕度指示劑之防水矽膠(藍膠))與適合氣相二氧化矽之吸氣劑材料。此外SiO2化合物也適合為矽藻土,但其通常不歸類於矽酸。
「矽烷」一詞應理解為特別是通式Ra-Si-X4-a之化合物或其部分縮合產物。式中的a表示0至3之整數,較佳為0或1。X表示可水解之基,例如且較佳為鹵素原子(特別是氯)、烷氧基(例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、二級丁氧基或三級丁氧基)、或乙醯氧基。此外,依據本發明可水解基也可使用行家所熟知的範例。若存在多個取代基X,則其可為相同或彼此不同。R表示視需要取代之烴殘基,例如甲基、乙
基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、戊基及其分枝異構物、己基及其分枝異構物、庚基及其分枝異構物、辛基及其分枝異構物、壬基及其分枝異構物、癸基及其分枝異構物、十一基及其分枝異構物、十二基及其分枝異構物、十四基及其分枝異構物、十六基及其分枝異構物、十八基及其分枝異構物、或二十基及其分枝異構物。其中烴殘基可為環狀及/或具有芳香族成分。其代表性的結構為環己基、苯基、與甲苯基。烴殘基R中視需要可含有一個以上含雜原子之取代基,如胺基、胺烷基、環氧丙氧基、(甲基)丙烯醯氧基與類似物。若存在有多個取代基R,則其可為相同或彼此不同。
使用作為吸氣劑材料之矽烷較佳係選自由下裂物質所組成之群組:N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-胺基丙基二乙氧基甲基矽烷、N-(2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、(N-丁基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-(N-乙基胺基)-2-甲基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、4-胺基-3,3-二甲基丁基三甲氧基矽烷、4-胺基-3,3-二甲基丁基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、(N-環己基)胺基甲基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、(N-環己基)胺基甲基三甲氧基矽烷、(N-苯基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、(N-苯基)胺基甲基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、(N-苯甲基-2-胺基乙基)-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、[2-(N-苯甲基-N-乙烯基胺基)乙基]-3-胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷氯化氫、[2-(N-苯甲基-N-乙烯基胺基)乙基]-3-
胺基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、雙(3-丙基三乙氧基矽基)胺、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)矽烷、乙烯基三異丙氧基矽烷、乙烯基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、乙烯基三乙醯氧基矽烷、3-三乙氧基矽基丙基丁二酸酐、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、2-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基二乙氧基甲基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三異丙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基二乙氧基甲基矽烷、3-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-氯丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、異氰酸基甲基三甲氧基矽烷、異氰酸基甲基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、三聚異氰酸參[3-(三甲氧基矽基)丙基]酯、3-脲基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-脲基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、2-羥基-4-(3-三乙氧基矽基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、4-(3'-氯二甲基矽基丙氧基)二苯甲酮、3-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-巰基丙基二甲氧基甲基矽烷、雙(3-三乙氧基矽基丙基)二硫醚、雙(3-三乙氧基矽基丙基)四硫醚、雙(三乙氧基矽基丙基)聚硫醚、與氯化十八烷基胺基二甲基三甲氧基矽基丙基銨。
吸氣劑材料較佳係選自由下列物質所構成之群組:氧化鋁、鋇、氧化鋇、三氧化二硼、鈣、氯化鈣、氧化鈣、硫酸鈣、硫酸銅、氯化鋰、氧化鎂、過氯酸鎂、
硫酸鎂、磷酸、五氧化二磷、碳酸鉀、氫氧化鉀、矽酸、鈉、氫氧化鈉、硫酸鈉、氯化鋅與沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。此材料對至少一種上述滲透物,特別是對水,具有高吸著容量。
吸氣劑材料特佳係選自由下列物質所構成之群組:鋇、鈣、硫酸鈣、氯化鈣、氧化鈣、硫酸鈉、碳酸鉀、硫酸銅、過氯酸鎂、硫酸鎂、氯化鋰、矽酸(具體來說為矽膠與氣相二氧化矽)與沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。這些吸氣劑材料的優點為其容易混入基質材料,顯示高吸著能力,且大部分為可再生吸氣劑材料。這些物質係被理解為,吸收的滲透物,例如水,可以在一定條件下再釋放而藉此成為能重新吸收滲透物之狀態。這讓一種方法得以實現,藉由該方法,在含吸氣劑層或整個膠帶拿來與黏合劑或黏結基板接觸前,可視需要地在此時點進一步除去吸收的滲透物,例如藉由乾燥。藉此,在使用本發明之膠帶時能較佳地有全部的吸氣容量。
再特佳為吸氣劑材料係選自由下列物質所構成之群組:氧化鈣、硫酸鈣、氯化鈣、氣相二氧化矽與沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。這些材料對於水與其它滲透物的吸收具有極高的容量,係可回收且很好處理。
特別是吸氣劑材料為鈣或氧化鈣。這些物質會基於黏合劑的滲透物量之總量而改變其光學性質,例如隨著吸水量增加會發生由白色(氧化鈣)或金屬的不透
明外觀(鈣)變化為透明的外觀。只要吸器劑容量還有空即能以吸氣劑材料之光學外觀辨識出(此能以指示劑進行),看欲保護之物料中還沒有或最多只有少許滲透物。
於本發明之一實施形態中,本發明之膠帶之層B為封閉層,其基於層B之總重量,具有一種以上至少95重量%,特佳為至少99重量%之吸氣劑材料。依據本發明,特佳係設計為封閉層係由吸氣劑材料所構成,其中有可忽略不計之微小雜質。此種層可例如藉由將金屬吸氣劑材料或其氧化物真空鍍膜在黏合劑層A與C中的至少一層上來提供。此種結構具有的優點為吸氣劑材料本身穩定存在,並藉此與兩黏合劑層良好地結合。
其中「封閉層」一詞應理解為一種層,該層於製造過程不會特意加入穿孔。穿孔充其量僅會由於層中的缺陷或層形成之方式而產生。以此意義來說,例如當粒子基於其幾何而在單層中具有開放的交換空間時,由散布粒子所構成之層(其中粒子係隨機分散存在)會視為封閉的。依據本發明,在穿孔的平均面積不大於2000μm2時則層會被視為封閉的。
還有當光密度大於50%時,沉積層(其中層通常為團簇共同成長所構成)也會被視為封閉的。
於一其它實施形態中,層B為穿孔層,基於層B之總重量具有至少95重量%,特佳為至少99重量%之一種以上吸氣劑材料。依據本發明,特佳係設計為穿孔層係由吸氣劑材料所構成,其中有可忽略不計之微小雜質。穿孔吸氣劑層(也被稱為開放層)可例如於遮罩使
用下藉由真空鍍膜來提供,或於遮罩使用下藉由壓力或植絨讓將金屬吸氣劑材料或其氧化物在黏合劑層A與C中至少一層上來提供。此種結構具有的優點為,兩黏合劑層能在穿孔處彼此接觸,並藉此能讓複合體達到高內部強度。
其中穿孔或開放層應理解為一種層,於其製造過程會特意加入穿孔。依據本發明,當穿孔的平均面積大於2000μm2時,則層會視為開放的,藉此黏合劑層容易於穿孔處接觸。
若含吸氣劑之層為以封閉或穿孔層存在於於膠帶結構中,則其厚度較佳依據膠帶的要求來合理限制。因此,此種層之厚度上限可設定於2000μm。層厚度較佳達200nm至100μm。在此範圍內能實現目標之較佳既定性質。例如若特別是要實現對於滲透物的高吸收容量還有膠帶之充足的可撓性,則層厚度特佳達10μm至100μm。若要達成膠帶之高可撓性與充足的吸氣容量,則層厚度較佳介於200nm與10μm,具體來說為500nm至5μm之厚度。為了具有技術上良好可用之吸氣容量,厚度之下限較佳為50nm。為了要有極高的膠帶可撓性但低的吸氣容量,層厚度較佳為50nm至200nm。
基本上較佳含吸氣劑之層B的厚度通常達至少50nm,較佳至少100nm,特佳至少200nm,具體來說為至少500nm。
於本發明之另一實施形態中,層B中的吸氣劑材料係以微粒存在。其應理解為吸氣劑材料係依據
DIN 53206-1:1972-08以初級粒子之形態,以凝集體與黏聚物存在。
吸氣劑粒子的粒徑實質上係由對含粒子之層的厚度,或對本發明之膠帶的總厚度之要求來決定或限制。粒徑之上限可為約2000μm。吸氣劑材料的最大粒徑較佳達100μm。其中「粒徑」一詞應理解為粒子的主要尺寸。粒徑之判定較佳係藉由雷射繞射依據ISO 13320(其中於分散步驟會將黏聚物分散,但凝集體不會)進行,但基本上也適用其它行家所熟知的方法。
於一特佳實施形態中,吸氣劑材料係微粒且為奈米級。這表示最大粒徑小於500nm,較佳小於200nm,具體來說為小於100nm。
較佳係存在於層B之吸氣劑材料為微粒,且部分係由基質材料所密封。「基質材料」一詞應理解為一種材料,其會將本文中的吸氣劑材料(特別是微粒吸氣劑材料)部分或完全包裹住,且與黏合劑層A與C之材料不同。具有包圍住吸氣劑材料之基質材料的實施形態藉此與本發明之膠帶的結構有所區隔,該實施形態中黏合劑層A及/或C之材料基於黏合劑的流動性至少部分包圍吸氣劑材料,但用於包裹之材料與黏合劑層A與C之材料沒有不同。
於一較佳實施例中,基質材料為聚合物,較佳為壓敏性黏合劑,特佳為自熔體加工而成的熱交聯聚丙烯酸酯壓敏性黏合劑或光聚合聚丙烯酸酯壓敏性黏合劑。藉此能讓不同的壓敏性黏合劑層之性質基於其在複
合體中的任務來最佳化。例如可讓用作基質材料之壓敏性黏合劑特別容易分散吸氣劑材料,或特別好讓滲透物穿透,藉此快速到達吸氣劑材料。
壓敏性黏合劑之實施例特佳為黏彈性載體,例如基於自熔體加工而成的可熱交聯之聚丙烯酸酯,如WO 2008/122489 A1、DE 102008052625 A1或DE 102008059050 A1中所述,或基於可光聚合之丙烯酸酯系,如US 4,150,170、US 4,181,752、US 4,330,590、US 4,379,201、US 4,391,687或EP 0 573 570 B1中所述。藉由膠帶的此種實施例,能達到極高的黏結效能。
若吸氣劑材料存在於基質中,則含吸氣劑材料之層B較佳為1μm至3000μm厚。若僅需要低吸收容量或膠帶需要盡可能的為可撓性,則厚度較佳為1至100μm。若需要高吸收容量,則厚度較佳為500至3000μm。
例如無機吸氣劑材料可存在於載體中,較佳存在於多孔質之載體材料的孔洞中。藉此吸氣劑材料不會完全填滿孔洞,而是僅固定於其中(例如在幾何上),使填充了吸氣劑之載體材料極為透氣。此具有的優點為移入的滲透物能極快的到達吸氣劑材料,同時能藉由載體材料達成高的層複合體之內部強度。多孔性載體材料也特別適合吸收液態吸氣劑材料。
作為多孔性載體材料,可使用例如:紡織平面結構物、封閉與開孔發泡體或紙。特佳為具有存在於其中的吸氣劑材料之多孔性載體,特別是擠型與拉伸薄
膜,例如基於聚烯烴系者,如EP 0 232 060 A2中所述。因此,此種透氣之多孔性薄膜實質上戲以下述步驟製造:a)混合聚合物樹脂與無機吸氣劑材料;b)形成由混合物構成之薄膜;與c)拉伸所形成之薄膜構成多孔性。
藉由選擇聚烯烴作為聚合物樹脂,基於對無機吸氣劑材料之極性差別,在兩材料間僅有弱錨定力。在拉伸時此結合會至少部分分離,而使孔洞在分散分布有吸氣劑之部分周圍產生,孔洞的特徵為對於滲透物來說特容易到達吸氣劑材料。吸氣劑材料在拉伸後也不會再圍繞於基質材料。藉由選擇薄膜作為載體材料,額外的優點為結構之衝孔性與應用性良好。較佳經過拉伸並填充了無機吸氣劑材料之薄膜具有的厚度為少於10μm,特佳為少於5μm。此能較佳地讓本發明之膠帶夠成更高的可能性。
「紡織平面結構物」一詞應理解為可撓性纖維結構體,例如梭織物、多軸向織物、針織物、鉤針編織物、起絨織物(固化與未固化)與網眼織物。
於載體中含有前述吸氣劑材料之層,可包含0.5至98重量%之吸氣劑材料。基於層之總重量,該層較佳包含3至85重量%之吸氣劑材料,更佳為10至60重量%。在此含量範圍顯示能實現良好的吸氣容量,另一方面層也保持充足之機械性質。
同樣較佳為吸氣劑材料係以微粒形式存在於載體中,且微粒之粒徑分布係有至少10體積%大於含吸
氣劑材料之載體層的平均層厚度。這會導致粗糙的表面,並可提升本發明之膠帶的層複合體中之不同層的錨定力。特佳為本發明之膠帶所包含的全部吸氣劑材料之粒徑分布,係有至少10體積%大於含吸氣劑材料之層的平均層厚度。
本發明之膠帶的吸氣劑材料之總含量,基於膠帶之總重量,可達0.5至95重量%。該含量實質上係取決於對各滲透物所期望之吸收容量。
例如當僅需要低吸收容量時,視需要以低含量使用具低吸收容量之吸氣劑材料即可。因此於一較佳實施形態中,基於膠帶之總重量,膠帶含有0.5至30重量%之吸氣劑材料。含吸氣劑之層的厚度與面積在此情形較佳各在下限值。
而需要極高的吸收容量之膠帶,則必須使用具有相對的高含量之吸氣劑材料的含吸氣劑材料之層,其中吸氣劑材料也要具有高吸收容量。但若考慮到成本或相容性之面向,也可使用具低吸收容量之吸氣劑材料。因此,於本發明之膠帶的另一較佳實施形態中,基於膠帶的總重量,其含有50至95重量%之吸氣劑材料。
較佳吸氣劑材料於其實施形態(例如封閉或穿孔層,以微粒材料等)具有的最低滲透物吸收容量,特別是對水及/或氧氣,特佳為對水,為其淨重之1%,更佳為2%,特佳為5%,具體來說為10%。特別以具有高吸收容量(最大可吸收滲透物重量>吸氣劑重量之20%)之吸氣劑材料為較佳的,因為藉此可保持低的吸氣劑含
量。其中吸收容量係實質上無滲透物之吸氣劑材料以其施用形態於23℃與50%之相對濕度儲放後超過100小時後,以滲透水氣判定,或於23℃在飽和大氣中以其它氣態滲透物判定。儲放後的吸氣劑之滲透物量能以重力法判定。從吸收容量的觀點來看,吸氣劑材料較佳選自由下列物質所組成之群組:硫酸銅、氧化鈣、氯化鈣與沸石以及這些材料之混合物。
將吸氣劑材料導入至相關層之方法,可藉由所有行家所熟知的方法進行。其中吸氣劑材料能於溶液中、分散液中以熔體或流體存在。
含吸氣劑材料之層B除了吸氣劑材料與視需要的載體材料以外,還可包含其它材料或物質,例如光吸收材料或光散射材料、UV吸收劑或UV反射劑、指示出吸氣劑材料之飽和度的顏料指示劑、抗氧化劑及/或增黏劑(特別是增黏樹脂)。
含吸氣劑材料之層可直接藉由行家所熟知的塗布方法,例如棒式塗布法,以溶液、乳液或分散液塗布。在此情形,所使用的溶劑、乳化劑或分散劑能在之後以常用的乾燥通道蒸發。同樣也適用無溶劑塗布,例如藉由灑粉(scatter)、植絨法或粉末塗布法。
依據本發明,也可印刷含吸氣劑材料之層。對此適合依據現有技術之凹版印刷法與網版印刷法。此處較佳為使用滾筒印刷。此外含吸氣劑材料之層也可藉由噴塗來施加,視需要也能以靜電輔助。
本發明之膠帶在外側黏合劑層A與C之間除
了層B以外也可包含一層以上至少具有無機吸氣劑材料之層。這些其它層可為相同或相異,且其結構係對應於上述之含吸氣劑材料之層。
此外,其它含吸氣劑材料之層能與層B或彼此直接接觸,或藉由至少一層其它不含吸氣劑材料之層彼此分離。此種其它不含吸氣劑材料之層可例如為黏合劑層或載體層。
本發明之膠帶較佳除了層A、B與C以外,還額外具有載體層,其不含吸氣劑材料且係配置於層A與C之間。作為本發明之膠帶的額外的載體層之材料,可為紡織材料、紙、塗布塑膠之紙與膜。額外的載體層較佳為薄膜,特佳為尺寸穩定之塑膠膜。此種額外的載體層較佳的提升了膠帶的應用性與衝孔性。作為載體層,尺寸穩定之塑膠膜較佳的基礎材料包括:聚酯,具體來說為聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯,例如雙軸拉伸聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯;聚烯烴,具體來說為聚丁烯、環烯烴共聚物、聚甲基戊烯、聚丙烯及/或聚乙烯,例如單軸拉伸聚丙烯、雙軸拉伸聚丙烯及/或雙軸拉伸聚乙烯。
聚酯膜具有的優點為其滿足溫度穩定性並提高了機械穩定性。因此載體層再特佳的基礎材料係包括:聚酯,例如雙軸拉伸聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯。「基礎材料」一詞應理解為相關層或膜之實質上的成分,其中這些層能以次要量含有助劑。在相關層中基礎材料通常的含量為至少80重量%。
此外,本發明之膠帶較佳具有防範一種以上
特定滲透物之阻隔層,特別是防範水氣與氧氣。此種阻隔功能可由有機或無機材料構成。
本發明之膠帶特佳具有至少一層無機阻隔層。作為無機阻隔層,特佳適合於真空中(例如藉由蒸鍍、CVD、PVD、PECVD)或在大氣壓下(例如藉由大氣電漿、反應性電暈放電或火焰熱解)鍍敷金屬,例如鋁、銀、金、鎳及/或金屬化合物,如金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、或金屬氫化氮化物,例如矽、硼、鋁、鋯、鉿、或碲之氧化物或氮化物,或氧化銦錫(ITO)。同樣適合的還有前述變體的摻雜其它元素之層。
為了在可撓性充足的同時確保避免無機阻隔層產生裂痕,通常此種層會薄於約50nm。如此並基於高緊密度(此會避免滲透),這樣的層本身不適合作為吸氣劑層,因為其無法為滲透物提供充足的。
本發明之膠帶除了層A、B與C以外,特佳包括至少一層載體層與至少一層阻隔一種以上滲透物之阻隔層,其中阻隔層與該載體層係以配置於層A與C之間的直接連著下一層之層存在。作為特別適合生成無機阻隔層之方法,即會提到高功率脈衝磁控濺射與原子層沉積,藉由它們以載體層之低溫負荷可實現特別無法滲透之層。較佳係阻隔層或由載體層與阻隔層所構成的複合體之滲透阻隔性對於水氣(WVTR)為<1g/(m2*d),及/或對於氧氣(OTR)為<1cm3/(m2*d*bar),其中數值分別係基於膠帶中所使用的載體層之厚度,而非基於特定厚度標準化。其中WVTR係於38℃與90%之相對濕度依據
ASTM F-1249測定,而OTR係於23℃與50%之相對濕度依據DIN 53380-第3部分測定。
本發明之膠帶可於其外側分別覆蓋離型裱紙。但離型裱紙不應視為膠帶的組成成分,而僅係用於輔助膠帶之製造、儲放及/或進一步加工。
本發明之膠帶較佳為透明的,即依據ASTM D1003-00(程序A)測定之透光率係大於50%,較佳為大於75%。藉由透明,膠帶在使用時能輕易的被定位,並在需要透明的用途中,例如發光電子結構或太陽能電池,使用來貼在電子結構體之至少部分表面上。
特佳係本發明之膠帶不透UV光,即在200至400nm之波長範圍,依據ASTM D1003-00(程序B)測定之透光率係低於25%,較佳為低於10%。藉由不透UV之膠帶,可防止電子結構體因UV光的影響而改變(例如化學反應、老化、交聯)。
本發明之膠帶於一特別實施例中,僅包含層A、B與C;於此結構中層B較佳為包含無機吸氣劑材料之層,且沒有載體材料以及沒有嵌入吸氣劑材料之基質材料(轉移膠帶),藉此容易保持結構,且被視為可能的滲透物之數量由於低材料多樣性而能保持在少的。於此種實施形態中,層B與A或C係彼此直接接觸。若膠帶在A與B之間或B與C之間有額外的底漆層,則其厚度較佳不厚於1μm。這會讓滲透物滲透物容易到達吸氣劑材料。
本發明之膠帶之厚度可包括所有通常的厚
度,即約3μm至3000μm。較佳厚度係介於25與100μm,因為在此範圍特別有益於黏著力與操作性質。厚度進一步較佳的範圍係在3至25μm,因為在此範圍,由於在封裝應用中黏接處的截面積小,而能使單純經由黏接處滲透之物質的量保持為少的。
本發明之另一目的為一種本發明之膠帶之製造方法,其包括下列步驟:-準備第一黏合劑層A;-將含至少一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B藉由塗布或積層加到層A上;-藉由藉由塗布或積層將另一層黏合劑層C覆蓋到層B之開放側。
本發明之膠帶之製造方法的另一實施形態係包括下列步驟:-準備輔助載體,例如非黏性安裝裱紙、非黏性帶或輥;-施加上含至少一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B;-藉由例如塗布或積層,將第一黏合劑層A覆蓋層B;-自複合體除去輔助載體,並藉由例如塗布或積層,將第二黏合劑層C覆蓋暴露出的表面。
本發明之方法較佳係在僅有低濃度的特定滲透物或實質上幾乎不含特定滲透物之環境中進行。例如在以水(氣)作為滲透物之情形,係在低於30%之相對溼度,較佳為低於15%下進行。
本發明之另一目的係使用鈣及/或氧化鈣來
指示黏合劑及/或膠帶之滲透物含量。即,氧化鈣隨著與水的結合增加,其顏色會從白色變為透明。還有金屬鈣隨著水的吸收增加會失去其金屬的不透明外觀並漸漸變透明。只要吸氣劑材料之光學外觀還能辨識出未使用狀態,則可將其做為尚無或最多僅有少許滲透物擴散至欲保護之黏合劑中的指示。
本發明之另一目的係一種本發明之膠帶之用途,其係作為封裝材料,特別用於保護電子元件、食物及/或藥物。本發明之膠帶極佳的適合封裝電子元件以防範滲透物,其中膠帶係施用於電子元件之欲封裝範圍上及/或周圍。除了已經提過的光電子元件以外,同樣能較佳的使用於其它電子元件,如電化學電池(例如燃料電池或電解電池)及/或電池。還有在包裝的領域,特別是包裝食物或藥物,本發明之膠帶也很適合。
本文中,封裝不僅是指將欲封裝範圍完全包圍,還有區域性的施用本發明之膠帶在欲封裝範圍上,特別是電子元件之欲封裝範圍,例如單側覆蓋物或電子結構的邊框。
原則上膠帶能進行二種封裝。不是膠帶先衝孔或量身訂製並僅黏貼包圍欲封裝範圍四周,就是全面黏貼於欲封裝範圍整面上。第二種變體之優點為容易處理,且通常保護更好。
〔實施例〕
下面將製造各種填充了吸氣劑材料之膠帶。其係將各種層以實驗室滾筒積層機在23℃與相對濕度
50%之空調室中積層。
黏合劑層:黏合劑層之製造係將各種黏合劑以溶液藉由實驗室塗布設備塗布於Siliconature公司之Silphan S75 M371型傳統裱紙上並加以乾燥。乾燥後黏合劑層厚度均達12μm。乾燥均係在實驗室乾燥箱中以120℃進行超過30分鐘。於下面列表中「份」係指「重量份」。
K3:輻射可活化之熱熔膠
黏合劑層將在23℃與50%之相對濕度下放置超過72小時(調理A)。黏合劑層之含水量係在與吸氣劑材料組合前分別測定。
含水量之量測
含水量係依據DIN 53715(卡耳-費雪滴定法)測定。量測係組合卡耳-費雪電量計851與烤箱採樣器(烤箱溫度140℃)進行。以約0.3g之秤重部分各進行三次測量。以測量的算術平均值來作為含水量。
水氣通透率之量測
WVTR係依據ASTM F-1249於38℃與90%之相對濕度下量測,並基於50μm之厚度標準化。
自黏合劑層1取出後樣本額外在120℃乾燥僅僅5分鐘長。剩餘之殘留溶劑含量係在乾燥後直接判定。
殘留溶劑含量之判定:黏合劑之殘留溶劑係藉由頂空氣相層析法測定。自試樣片(Lappenmuster)裁出約12.5cm2大的試樣面積,貼在金屬絲線圈上並轉移到約22ml大的頂空試樣瓶中。
試樣係以Dani GC 86.10氣相層析儀以Quma QHS-S40自動採樣器測量。試樣會於儀器中以120℃調溫1小時。檢測係藉由火焰離子化檢測器(FID)進行。對外部標準作GC中的峰值之定量。
含吸氣劑材料之基質之製造:具有未完全嵌入的吸氣劑材料之基質層(部分被基質材料封入之吸氣劑材料)
將陶氏化學公司之聚丙烯聚合物Inspire D 404.01與7C06以1:1之比例混合並擠出。混合物下面以「PP基質」
表示。薄膜係自Coperion公司之雙螺桿擠壓裝置(d=25mm,L/d=37)以安裝上凸緣之平口模製造為層狀,隨後為冷卻輥台。吸氣劑材料係在聚合物成分之熔融並均質化後以30重量%的量從側進料口加入。
模具溫度達235℃,冷卻輥溫度達85℃。於冷卻後將薄膜固定於實驗室同步拉伸框架,於烤箱中以150℃之溫度同步於薄膜面在兩個相互垂直的方向拉伸。拉伸比於兩方向達約1:7。薄膜具有的最終厚度為約30μm。
所製成之薄膜係依據ASTM F-1249在38℃與90%之相對濕度下測定其水氣通透性。以10cm2之測量面積得到的數值為超出測量裝置上限1000g/m2,由此可推論在吸氣劑粒子周圍如預期般產生了孔洞。
具有嵌入的吸氣劑材料之基質層(被基質材料封入之吸氣劑材料)
作為其它實施例,如上述般擠出的薄膜係以Lauffer公司之真空壓製機以230℃之溫度壓製為具30g/m2之單位面積重量的薄膜。
所製成之薄膜係依據ASTM F-1249在38℃與90%之相對濕度下測定其水氣通透性。於調整為穩定狀態後(於吸氣劑材料飽和前)得到的水氣通透性為43g/m2d。如預期般吸氣劑材料完全被基質材料封入。
填充有吸氣劑之載體層於製造後會收縮包裝於由無法滲透之薄膜積層體(聚酯模-鋁箔-密封膠膜)所構成的真空密封袋中,在使用前於手套工作箱中在氮氣環境下先直接取出。
所使用的吸氣劑材料:
膠帶之製造:膠帶之製造係在乾燥室內環境中於23℃與約20%之相對濕度下進行。
具有粉末狀吸氣劑材料G1、G2與G5之膠帶係藉由篩子以約2g/m2的量灑落在黏合劑層之一側上來製造。然後藉由實驗室積層裝置各依下面指示溫度將第二黏合劑層積層在灑上粉末狀吸氣劑材料之側上。
作為比較例,將等量的吸氣劑材料分散於溶解的黏合劑中(該黏合劑先藉由Sigma-Aldrich公司之沸石球除水過),然後將該黏合劑如上述般塗布並乾燥。由此製造出具25μm之厚度的黏合劑層。
對於具有金屬吸氣劑材料之膠帶,金屬係蒸鍍,其中所製造的吸氣劑材料之層厚度均為約300nm。
一者係蒸鍍於黏合劑層之一側,然後以第二黏合劑層積層在蒸鍍側上。
另一者係將吸氣劑材料蒸鍍於載體膜。此載體膜係於
兩側上分別以一層黏合劑層如上述般積層在一起。
作為載體膜,係使用約12μm厚,塗布了一層約40nm厚之無機阻隔層的聚酯膜(凸版印刷公司之GX-P-F,後面稱為「阻隔PET」),其中吸氣劑材料層係施加於聚酯膜的無機阻隔層存在之相反側上。
對於具有含吸氣劑材料之基質層的膠帶,基質層係於兩側分別積層指定之黏合劑層。
所製造的含吸氣劑材料之膠帶的概況示於表1:
對實施例1、2、5、6與29-31以及比較例V1-3,類似ISO 29862(方法3)於23℃與50%之相對濕度以300mm/分鐘之剝除速度與180°之剝除角度測定對鋼鐵之黏著力。作為強化膜,係使用具50μm之厚度的經蝕刻PET膜,如Coveme(義大利)公司所提供者。
其中量測條之黏結係藉由實驗室積層機以60℃之溫度進行。結果示於表2。
為了進一步研究,以Mondi公司之Alu I 38 UV1型的無法滲透之裱紙(其包含由鋁箔構成之載體)覆蓋在約100 x 100mm2大小的膠帶段的兩側上。積層係以100℃之溫度進行,以讓裱紙能緊密接觸。裱紙係防止水在儲放時自膠帶滲透到手套工作箱中。
試樣係於手套工作箱中以上述條件儲放超過14天之時間範圍。
接下來對試樣測定黏合劑中的含水量或甲苯
含量。其中試樣係採自試樣面的中心,以避免邊緣效應。所包含之吸氣劑材料、載體材料或基質材料不會被移除。其中係假設會先於量測所使用的更高之溫度進行吸氣劑之再生並藉此排出滲透物。結果歸納於表2:
結果顯示,於本發明之膠帶中黏合劑達到乾燥。相較於依據現有技術之膠帶(V1-V3),本發明之膠帶(實施例1、2、29、5、6)達到相似的乾燥效率,且對於黏著性質不具壞處。而依據現有技術所製造之比較試樣V1與V2,由於分散於黏合劑中的吸氣劑材料,而具較低的黏著力。
此結論對於除去殘留溶劑(實施例29與比較例V3)同樣成立。
將實施例5與6和實施例31與32加以比較,顯示出僅部分被基質材料封入之微粒狀吸氣劑材料(實施例5與6)相對於實質上完全封入微粒狀吸氣劑材料(實施例31與32)之優點:在儲放時間14後,實施例5與6相較於實施例31與32顯示出極低的含水量。後者要繼續儲放14天然後才會如實施例5與6顯示相似之低含水量。以本發明之具有僅部分被基質材料封入之微粒吸氣劑材料的結構,乾燥也進行的較快。
此外較佳為載體材料本身對滲透物具有高阻隔性(實施例7、14、21與28),藉此讓吸氣容量能符合實際上吸收的滲透物量之吸氣容量。於試驗中發現,在沒有載體膜之補充實施例(3、10、17與24)中,總含水量較高,由此可推論僅有位於與吸氣劑層接觸之黏合劑層釋放出滲透物。此種膠帶之設計也可減少吸氣劑量。
Claims (15)
- 一種膠帶,其係至少具有下述層:-第一外側黏合劑層A,-至少含有一種無機吸氣劑材料之層B,與-第二外側黏合劑層C。
- 如請求項1之膠帶,其中在黏合劑層A與C之中至少一層係由壓敏性黏合劑所構成。
- 如請求項1或2之膠帶,其中該層B為封閉層,且基於該層B的總重量,係包含95重量%之至少一種以上吸氣劑材料。
- 如請求項1或2之膠帶,其中該層B為穿孔層,且基於該層B的總重量,係包含95重量%之至少一種以上吸氣劑材料。
- 如請求項1或2之膠帶,其中層B中的吸氣劑材料係以微粒存在。
- 如請求項5之膠帶,其中層B中的無機吸氣劑材料係部分被封入於基質材料。
- 如請求項6之膠帶,其中該基質材料為聚合物。
- 如請求項1或2之膠帶,其中該無機吸氣劑材料係被固定於多孔性載體材料中。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中該無機吸氣劑材料係選自由下述物質所構成之群組:氧化鋁、鋇、氧化鋇、三氧化二硼、鈣、氯化鈣、氧化鈣、硫酸鈣、硫酸銅、氯化鋰、氧化鎂、過氯酸鎂、硫酸鎂、磷酸、五氧化二磷、碳酸鉀、氫氧化鉀、矽酸、鈉、氫氧化 鈉、硫酸鈉、氯化鋅、沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中該無機吸氣劑材料係選自由下述物質所構成之群組:鋇、鈣、硫酸鈣、氯化鈣、氧化鈣、硫酸鈉、碳酸鉀、硫酸銅、過氯酸鎂、硫酸鎂、氯化鋰、矽酸、沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中該無機吸氣劑材料係選自由下述物質所構成之群組:硫酸鈣、氯化鈣、氧化鈣、氣相二氧化矽、沸石以及由二種以上前述物質所構成的混合物。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中該黏合劑層A與該黏合劑層C分別具有低於50g/(m2*d)之水氣通透率(基於50μm之黏合劑厚度,依據ASTM F-1249在38℃與90%的相對濕度下測量。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中除了層A、B與C以外,還額外包括載體層,該載體層係不含吸氣劑材料並被配置於層A與C之間。
- 如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶,其中該膠帶除了層A、B與C以外,還包括至少一層載體層與至少一層阻隔一種以上滲透物之阻隔層,其中該阻隔層與該載體層係以配置於層A與C之間的直接連著下一層之層存在。
- 一種如前述請求項中任一項之膠帶之用途,其係做為封裝材料。
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DE102006047739A1 (de) | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-17 | Tesa Ag | Hitzeaktivierbares Klebeband insbesondere für die Verklebung von elektronischen Bauteilen und Leiterbahnen |
DE102007016950A1 (de) | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-09 | Tesa Ag | Thermisch vernetzende Polyacrylate und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
JP2009008943A (ja) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-15 | Sony Corp | 表示装置 |
CN101945965A (zh) * | 2007-12-28 | 2011-01-12 | 3M创新有限公司 | 柔性封装膜系统 |
DE102008047964A1 (de) | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Kapselung einer elektronischen Anordnung |
DE102008052625A1 (de) | 2008-10-22 | 2010-04-29 | Tesa Se | Thermisch vernetzende Polyacrylate und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102008059050A1 (de) | 2008-11-26 | 2010-05-27 | Tesa Se | Thermisch vernetzende Polyacrylate und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
DE102008060113A1 (de) | 2008-12-03 | 2010-07-29 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Kapselung einer elektronischen Anordnung |
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-
2012
- 2012-12-21 DE DE102012224310.0A patent/DE102012224310A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-12-05 WO PCT/EP2013/075639 patent/WO2014095387A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-12-05 KR KR1020157019913A patent/KR102230136B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-05 CN CN201811582830.4A patent/CN110079230B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-05 EP EP13802339.5A patent/EP2935500B1/de active Active
- 2013-12-05 US US14/653,143 patent/US10323163B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-05 TW TW102144521A patent/TW201435037A/zh unknown
- 2013-12-05 CN CN201380072624.8A patent/CN105164222B/zh active Active
- 2013-12-05 JP JP2015548344A patent/JP2016505678A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
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JP2016505678A (ja) | 2016-02-25 |
EP2935500B1 (de) | 2020-11-18 |
WO2014095387A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
EP2935500A1 (de) | 2015-10-28 |
US20150337174A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
DE102012224310A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
KR20150097798A (ko) | 2015-08-26 |
KR102230136B1 (ko) | 2021-03-18 |
US10323163B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
CN110079230B (zh) | 2022-03-29 |
CN110079230A (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
CN105164222A (zh) | 2015-12-16 |
CN105164222B (zh) | 2019-01-18 |
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