TW201324638A - 整合回焊與清潔的方法及設備 - Google Patents

整合回焊與清潔的方法及設備 Download PDF

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TW201324638A
TW201324638A TW101135482A TW101135482A TW201324638A TW 201324638 A TW201324638 A TW 201324638A TW 101135482 A TW101135482 A TW 101135482A TW 101135482 A TW101135482 A TW 101135482A TW 201324638 A TW201324638 A TW 201324638A
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package structure
cleaning
temperature
zone
reflow
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TWI490961B (zh
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Chung-Shi Liu
Chien-Ling Hwang
Bor-Ping Jang
Ying-Jui Huang
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Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K1/0016Brazing of electronic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/005Soldering by means of radiant energy
    • B23K1/0053Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of I.R.
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/012Soldering with the use of hot gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/206Cleaning
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L24/81Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a bump connector
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • H01L2224/13099Material
    • H01L2224/131Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron [B], silicon [Si], germanium [Ge], arsenic [As], antimony [Sb], tellurium [Te] and polonium [Po], and alloys thereof
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    • H01L2224/16221Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/16225Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L2224/765Cooling means
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    • H01L2224/81053Bonding environment
    • H01L2224/81095Temperature settings
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    • H01L2224/812Applying energy for connecting
    • H01L2224/8121Applying energy for connecting using a reflow oven
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    • H01L2224/81909Post-treatment of the bump connector or bonding area
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

本發明之實施例提供的方法包含回焊封裝結構的焊料區,以及在高於室溫的清潔溫度,於封裝結構上進行清潔,在回焊步驟與清潔步驟之間,封裝結構不會冷卻至接近室溫的溫度。此外,本發明之實施例還提供整合回焊與清潔的設備。

Description

整合回焊與清潔的方法及設備
本發明係有關於積體電路的封裝製程,特別有關於整合回焊與清潔的方法及設備。
在積體電路的封裝製程中,焊料接合(solder joining)是用於接合積體電路元件常見的方法之一。在用於接合兩個積體電路元件的典型焊料接合製程中,以助焊劑(flux)浸潤一個或兩個積體電路元件表面上的焊料(solder),然後將積體電路元件放置在一起,進行回焊(reflow)將焊料熔融,當焊料冷卻下來,積體電路元件會接合在一起。於回焊製程之後,接合的積體電路元件將運送至他處,並在接合的積體電路元件上進行清潔步驟,以清除助焊劑的殘留物。
依據本發明之實施例,整合回焊與清潔的方法包含回焊封裝結構的焊料區,以及在高於室溫的清潔溫度,於封裝結構上進行清潔,其中在回焊步驟與清潔步驟之間,封裝結構不會冷卻至接近室溫的溫度。
依據本發明之其他實施例,整合回焊與清潔的方法包含將封裝結構傳送至加熱區,以熔融焊料區,其中封裝結構包括第一工件、第二工件,以及介於第一工件與第二工件之間的焊料區。在焊料區熔融之後,將封裝結構降溫至焊料區的熔融溫度以下並傳送至冷卻區,作進一步的冷卻。然後,將封裝結構傳送至熱溶劑噴灑區,在熱溶劑噴灑區中將助焊劑的溶劑噴灑至封裝結構,其中助焊劑的溶 劑之溫度為高於室溫的清潔溫度,從焊料區熔融到噴灑助焊劑的溶劑至封裝結構上的這段時間,在焊料區大抵上不會發生溫度上升的現象。
依據本發明又其他實施例,整合回焊與清潔的設備包含加熱區及助焊劑清潔區。加熱區將封裝結構的焊料區加熱至高於焊料區的熔融溫度,助焊劑清潔區對封裝結構上的助焊劑進行清潔,其中加熱區和助焊劑清潔區係設置在相同的環境中。
為了讓本發明之上述目的、特徵、及優點能更明顯易懂,以下配合所附圖式,作詳細說明如下:
在此所揭示的實施例之製造與使用詳述如下,然而,可以理解的是,這些實施例提供許多可應用的發明概念,其可以在各種特定背景中實施,在此所討論的特定實施例僅用於說明製造與使用這些實施例的特定方式,並非用於限定本揭露的範圍。
本發明之各種實施例提供整合回焊與清潔製程的實施方法以及實施此方法的設備,以下詳述實施例的各種變化與操作方式,在全部的圖式與實施例中,使用相似的標號來表示類似的元件。
第1圖顯示依據本發明之實施例,整合回焊與清潔的設備之剖面示意圖,其中回焊製程與清潔製程係使用此整合回焊與清潔的設備進行,在示範的封裝結構上進行整合回焊與清潔的製程,此示範的封裝結構22如第2圖所示。第2圖顯示了示範的封裝結構22的示意圖,其包含工件 (work piece)10和12,以及介於工件10與12之間的含焊料區(solder-containing region)14。工件10和12可經由覆晶接合(flip-chip bonding)方式接合在一起,在以下的敘述中,工件10可稱為元件晶片,而工件12則可稱為封裝基底。在其他實施例中,每一個工件10與12都可以是包含積體電路元件如電晶體在其中的元件晶片、封裝基底、中介層(interposer)、印刷電路板(printed circuit board;PCB)、封裝體或其他類似的工件,封裝結構22所描繪的結構僅作為示範用,其他不同設計的封裝結構也可以使用此整合回焊與清潔的設備進行接合。
第1圖顯示依據示範性的實施例之傳送型(convection-type)回焊製程,其中封裝結構22係藉由輸送帶16傳送,可以理解的是,其他與傳送型回焊不同類型的回焊方法也可以用在此實施例中。輸送帶16傳送封裝結構22通過各區域110、120、130、140、150、160和170,以進行整合回焊與清潔的製程,每一個箭頭200表示封裝結構22通過這些區域110、120、130、140、150、160和170中的一個區域。
輸送帶16與各區域110、120、130、140、150、160和170,以及各區域中的設備可以設置在相同的腔室(chamber)或環境(ambient)100中。封裝結構22先傳送至加熱區110,加熱區110可包含複數個加熱源112。當傳送封裝結構22經過加熱源112時,用於將工件10連接至在其底下的個別工件12的含焊料區14(第2圖)被加熱至高於含焊料區14的熔融溫度之溫度,藉此讓含焊料區14熔融。 在一實施例中,加熱源112可設置在封裝結構22(及輸送帶16)的上方以及/或底下,且每個加熱源112的溫度可以與其他加熱源112的溫度分開控制。加熱源112可以是輻射型(radiation-type)的加熱源,例如紅外線輻射源(infrared radiant source),或者加熱源112可對封裝結構22吹送熱空氣,從加熱源112指出來的箭頭代表輻射熱、熱空氣或類似的熱源。加熱區110可以有複數個,例如,加熱區110的總數量範圍可以從10個至12個。封裝結構22的溫度曲線如第3圖所示,其中標示為加熱區110的區域顯示了封裝結構22的溫度在焊料區14的熔融溫度之上。
再參閱第1圖,通過加熱區110之後,封裝結構22進入冷卻區120,冷卻區120包含冷卻源122。在一些實施例中,冷卻源122包括送風機(blower),送風機吹出空氣至封裝結構22,吹送至封裝結構22的空氣之溫度可以是室溫,例如可約為21℃,雖然實際的室溫可能更高或更低。冷卻源122也可包含在封裝結構22上方的單元,以及/或在封裝結構22底下的單元,如第1圖所示。
取決於冷卻的速度,可以有單一的冷卻區120,或者可以有複數個冷卻區120。在其他實施例中,則可能不會有包括冷空氣送風機的冷卻區。冷卻區120係用於冷卻焊料區14的溫度,例如,在一實施例的冷卻區120中,焊料區14的溫度可介於約150℃至約50℃之間。
再參閱第1圖,接著可將封裝結構22傳送至緩衝區130,其功能在於讓封裝結構22的溫度穩定在緩衝溫度,緩衝溫度稍微高於(或等於)用於清潔封裝結構22的清潔溫 度。在一示範的實施例中,緩衝溫度可介於約80℃與約120℃之間。緩衝區130可包含送風機132及熱產生器134,其中熱產生器134產生的熱吹送至熱箱(heat boxes)136,熱箱136將溫度為緩衝溫度的熱空氣分散至封裝結構22,熱箱136可設置在封裝結構22的上方以及/或底下,使得封裝結構22具有預期的緩衝溫度且穩定地離開緩衝區130。在緩衝區130的封裝結構22之溫度曲線如第3圖中標示為緩衝區130的區域所示。
再參閱第1圖,離開緩衝區130之後,在封裝結構22上殘留的助焊劑(如第2圖中所示之15)在區域140、150、160和170中被清除,之後這些區域被稱為清潔區。首先,封裝結構22進入熱溶劑噴灑區140,熱溶劑噴灑區140中的熱溶劑噴灑器142(其可包含噴嘴)可將溶劑加熱,並將熱溶劑144噴灑至封裝結構22。熱溶劑144的溫度可接近清潔溫度(同時參閱第3圖),其高於室溫,並且可介於約70℃與約80℃之間,但是也可使用更高或更低的溫度。緩衝溫度與清潔溫度之間的溫度差可小於約20℃,但是此溫度差也可以稍微大一些,例如可小於約80℃。
於熱溶劑噴灑之後,封裝結構22進入熱乾燥區150,熱乾燥區150中的熱乾空氣154可使用送風機152吹送至封裝結構22,熱乾空氣154的溫度也可接近清潔溫度,例如可介於約70℃與約80℃之間。
接著,封裝結構22進入去離子水區(de-ionized(DI)water zone)160,去離子水區160中的熱去離子水噴灑器162(其可包含噴嘴)可將去離子水加熱,並且將熱去離子水 164噴灑至封裝結構22。熱去離子水164的溫度可接近清潔溫度,例如可介於約70℃與約80℃之間。
於熱去離子水噴灑之後,封裝結構22進入熱乾燥區170,在熱乾燥區170中可使用送風機172再度吹送熱乾空氣174來乾燥封裝結構22,熱乾空氣174的溫度也可接近清潔溫度,例如可介於約70℃與約80℃之間。
第3圖顯示了示範的溫度曲線,其中X軸表示封裝結構22在腔室100(第1圖)內行進的距離(也表示了這些區域),而Y軸則表示封裝結構22的溫度。時間點T1為封裝結構22離開加熱區110的時間,時間點T2和T3分別為封裝結構22進入及離開冷卻區120的時間。在一些實施例中,冷卻區120緊接在加熱區110之後,因此時間點T1和T2可以合併為一個時間點,時間點T4為封裝結構22進入熱溶劑噴灑區140的時間,在第3圖中示意地標出加熱區110、冷卻區120、緩衝區130以及清潔區140/150/160/170。在一些實施例中,從時間點T1開始至時間點T4的整個期間,封裝結構22的溫度不會下降至接近室溫,而且封裝結構22的溫度可以維持在約60℃或更高溫度。此外,在一些實施例中,於時間點T3離開冷卻區120(第1圖)之後,封裝結構22的溫度可以持續地先降低至緩衝溫度,然後再大抵上穩定地保持在緩衝溫度。此外,從時間點T1至時間點T4的期間,封裝結構22不會有溫度上升(ramping-up)的現象發生,此溫度的變化可以是平台狀態,或是在此期間封裝結構22溫度的增加變化幅度少於約100℃。因此,在封裝結構22的回焊與清潔之間不會有 額外的熱循環。
在第1圖所示之實施例中,輸送帶16為單一的輸送帶,從加熱區110的起點向熱乾燥區170的終點延伸。在其他實施例中,輸送帶16可以分成複數個輸送帶,例如,第4圖顯示之示範的實施例,其中輸送帶16A是用於將封裝結構22傳送通過加熱區110和冷卻區120,而輸送帶16B則是用於將封裝結構22傳送通過清潔區140、150、160和170。緩衝區130可包含輸送帶16C,輸送帶16C與輸送帶16A和16B分開,緩衝區130可與加熱區110及冷卻區120共用輸送帶,或者也可以與清潔區140、150、160和170共用輸送帶。因此,輸送帶16C使用虛線繪製,以表示輸送帶16C可以與輸送帶16A或輸送帶16B分開,或者輸送帶16C可以與輸送帶16A或輸送帶16B合併在一起。在整合回焊與清潔的製程中,無論是使用單一(第1圖)或複數個(第4圖)輸送帶,區域110至170都可以在單一的環境100下配置,並且可以在單一的無塵室中配置。
在傳統的回焊與清潔製程中,封裝結構需要先經過回焊製程,然後再運送以進行清潔製程,在運送期間,封裝結構會冷卻至室溫,在清潔步驟期間,封裝結構的溫度會再次上升。因此,在回焊與清潔製程之間會發生額外的熱循環。然而,在本發明之實施例中,藉由整合回焊與清潔製程,封裝結構的溫度在進行清潔製程之前不會下降至室溫,因此,本發明之實施例的封裝結構比傳統的製程少經歷了一個熱循環。此外,本發明之實施例的封裝結構上的助焊劑在回焊之後立即清潔,因此助焊劑很容易清除。另 外,藉由整合回焊與清潔製程,本發明之實施例的設備所需的界面工具例如載入(loader)與載出(un-loader)機更少。
雖然本發明已揭露較佳實施例如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,在此技術領域中具有通常知識者當可瞭解,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可做些許更動與潤飾。因此,本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定為準。
10‧‧‧第一工件
12‧‧‧第二工件
14‧‧‧焊料區
15‧‧‧殘留的助焊劑
16、16A、16B、16C‧‧‧輸送帶
22‧‧‧封裝結構
100‧‧‧腔室或環境
110‧‧‧加熱區
112‧‧‧加熱源
120‧‧‧冷卻區
122‧‧‧冷卻源
130‧‧‧緩衝區
132、152、172‧‧‧送風機
134‧‧‧熱產生器
136‧‧‧熱箱
140‧‧‧熱溶劑噴灑區
142‧‧‧熱溶劑噴灑器
144‧‧‧熱溶劑
150、170‧‧‧熱乾燥區
154、174‧‧‧熱乾空氣
160‧‧‧去離子水區
162‧‧‧熱去離子水噴灑器
164‧‧‧熱去離子水
200‧‧‧封裝結構通過各區
T1、T2、T3、T4‧‧‧時間點
第1圖係顯示依據本發明之實施例,整合回焊與清潔的設備之剖面示意圖。
第2圖係顯示包含兩個工件以及在兩個工件之間的焊料區之封裝結構的剖面示意圖。
第3圖係顯示一示範性的整合回焊與清潔製程之溫度曲線圖。
第4圖係顯示依據本發明之其他實施例,整合回焊與清潔的設備之剖面示意圖。
16‧‧‧輸送帶
22‧‧‧封裝結構
100‧‧‧腔室或環境
110‧‧‧加熱區
112‧‧‧加熱源
120‧‧‧冷卻區
122‧‧‧冷卻源
130‧‧‧緩衝區
132、152、172‧‧‧送風機
134‧‧‧熱產生器
136‧‧‧熱箱
140‧‧‧熱溶劑噴灑區
142‧‧‧熱溶劑噴灑器
144‧‧‧熱溶劑
150、170‧‧‧熱乾燥區
154、174‧‧‧熱乾空氣
160‧‧‧去離子水區
162‧‧‧熱去離子水噴灑器
164‧‧‧熱去離子水
200‧‧‧封裝結構通過各區域

Claims (12)

  1. 一種整合回焊與清潔的方法,包括:對一封裝結構的一焊料區進行回焊;以及在高於一室溫的一清潔溫度,於該封裝結構上進行清潔,其中在該回焊步驟與該清潔步驟之間,該封裝結構不會冷卻至接近該室溫的溫度。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,其中該回焊步驟包括:將該封裝結構加熱至高於該焊料區的一熔融溫度的一第一溫度;以及將該封裝結構冷卻至低於該焊料區的該熔融溫度且高於該清潔溫度的一第二溫度。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,更包括在該冷卻步驟之後與該清潔步驟之前,使該封裝結構的溫度穩定在高於該清潔溫度的一緩衝溫度,其中該緩衝溫度與該清潔溫度之間的一溫度差小於80℃。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,其中該清潔步驟對該封裝結構上的一助焊劑進行清潔,且該清潔步驟包括:將一熱溶劑噴灑至該封裝結構;使用一第一熱空氣乾燥該封裝結構;使用一去離子水清潔該封裝結構;以及使用一第二熱空氣乾燥該封裝結構。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,其中在一第一時間點,該封裝結構的溫度到達該回焊 步驟內的該焊料區的一熔融溫度,其中該清潔步驟在一第二時間點開始,且其中在該第一時間點與該第二時間點之間,該封裝結構保持在不低於該清潔溫度的溫度。
  6. 一種整合回焊與清潔的方法,包括:將一封裝結構傳送至一加熱區以熔融一焊料區,其中該封裝結構包括一第一工件、一第二工件以及介於該第一工件與該第二工件之間的該焊料區;在該焊料區熔融之後,將該封裝結構傳送至一冷卻區以冷卻該焊料區;以及將該封裝結構傳送至一熱溶劑噴灑區,在該熱溶劑噴灑區中一助焊劑之溶劑噴灑至該封裝結構,其中該助焊劑之溶劑的溫度為高於一室溫的一清潔溫度,且其中從該焊料區熔融至該助焊劑之溶劑噴灑至該封裝結構的期間,在該焊料區不會有溫度上升發生;其中在傳送該封裝結構至該加熱區的該步驟與傳送該封裝結構至該熱溶劑噴灑區的該步驟之間,該封裝結構保持在高於一室溫的溫度。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,更包括在傳送該封裝結構至該冷卻區的該步驟與傳送該封裝結構至該熱溶劑噴灑區的該步驟之間,將該封裝結構傳送至具有一緩衝溫度高於該清潔溫度的一緩衝區,且其中該緩衝溫度與該清潔溫度之間的一溫度差小於80℃。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,其中該緩衝區包括一第一送風機設置在該封裝結構上方,以及一第二送風機設置在該封裝結構下方,且其中當 該封裝結構在該緩衝區內時,該第一與該第二送風機吹出溫度為該緩衝溫度的熱空氣至該封裝結構。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之整合回焊與清潔的方法,其中在該加熱區與該熱溶劑噴灑區之間,設置一包括一冷空氣送風機的單一冷卻區或無冷卻區。
  10. 一種整合回焊與清潔的設備,包括:一整合回焊與清潔的工具,包括:一加熱區,該加熱區加熱一封裝結構的一焊料區至高於該焊料區的一熔融溫度;以及一助焊劑清潔區,該助焊劑清潔區清潔該封裝結構上的一助焊劑,其中該加熱區和該助焊劑清潔區設置在一相同的環境中。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之整合回焊與清潔的設備,其中該助焊劑清潔區包括:一熱溶劑噴灑器;一第一熱空氣產生器與送風機;一去離子水噴灑器;以及一第二熱空氣產生器與送風機。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之整合回焊與清潔的設備,其中該助焊劑清潔區包括一熱溶劑噴灑器,以噴灑一熱助焊劑之溶劑至該封裝結構,且其中該整合回焊與清潔的設備更包括:一冷卻區,冷卻該封裝結構的該焊料區;以及一緩衝區,吹出高於該熱助焊劑之溶劑的一溫度之一緩衝溫度的熱空氣; 其中該緩衝區包括在該封裝結構上方的一第一送風機,以及在該封裝結構下方的一第二送風機,其中該第一和該第二送風機吹出溫度介於80℃與120℃之間的一熱空氣至該封裝結構。
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