TW201213118A - Moulding compound or coating system (PMMA-free) with IR reflecting properties in combination with a PMMA-containing outer layer or film - Google Patents
Moulding compound or coating system (PMMA-free) with IR reflecting properties in combination with a PMMA-containing outer layer or film Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201213118A TW201213118A TW100117205A TW100117205A TW201213118A TW 201213118 A TW201213118 A TW 201213118A TW 100117205 A TW100117205 A TW 100117205A TW 100117205 A TW100117205 A TW 100117205A TW 201213118 A TW201213118 A TW 201213118A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- plastic molding
- plastic
- inorganic
- top layer
- Prior art date
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Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
201213118 六、發明說明: - 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關不透明著色之紅外線反射性模塑物,其能 用作IR阻障層,且可用於例如建築工業或用於汽車工程中 作爲例如具有熱防護性質之交通工具頂部模組。 由於PMMA之極良好性質之故,對應之模塑組成物尤 其係經處理以形成共擠製層或作爲模內塗覆(IMC )部件 之頂層。該等層係用作尤其是膜、薄片、型材及管上之頂 層’該等膜、薄片、型材及管中之主要組分及/或背襯層 係由塑膠所組成,在某些情況下該等塑膠爲不同塑膠。該 等塑膠(諸如例如PVC、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、ABS及 ASA)具有其他重要性質,諸如耐衝擊強度及/或低廉價格 〇 經著色共擠製物或IMC物件之預期應用包括例如建築 應用,諸如排水管及窗框;汽車應用,諸如頂部模組、外 部及內部修飾組件(板)、擾流板及鏡罩;家用及運動應 用,諸如工具覆蓋、小艇及滑水板(ski foil )之外板。然 而,該等經著色共擠製或IMC物件的問題在於其等經常具 有IR吸收性,因此例如交通工具內部會因該種頂部模組之 故而容易溫度上升。 【先前技術】 爲防止此等加熱,已知使用不透明但對IR透明之經著 色聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯(PMMA )模塑組成物以供例如由 201213118 聚氯乙烯(PVC )所製成之塑膠模塑物的候化防護。然後 對該經塗覆塑膠模塑物提供著色劑,諸如例如Ti〇2,其在 介於兩種塑膠模塑物之間的邊界層反射IR輻射,因此防止 該物件過度加熱。 DE 27 1 9 1 70描述一種保護PVC層免受陽光效應之方 法,其係使用耐久地施加於該PVC層且兼具UV安定劑與IR 反射劑之層。所使用之IR反射劑爲鉻酸鉛、鉬紅、鉬橙、 氧化鉻綠、硫化銻、硫硒化鎘、硫化鎘、蒽醌黑顏料、蒽 醌深藍顏料、單偶氮顔料或酞花青。現今已不再允許使用 該等顏料其中某些顔料。作爲頂層之材料,茲描述在其他 方面未指定之PMMA » DE 26 05 325同樣描述用於保護PVC表面之方法:對 所施加之保護層提供不透明著色,以獲致IR區中之最大反 射及最小透明度。經由使用至少一種反射IR之黑色或彩色 顏料達成此目的。就更暗色顏料而言,不使用有力的IR吸 收顏料。實例中所使用之顏料爲二氧化鈦或蒽醌黑並結合 UV吸收劑。 WO 2009 097 205描述包含IR反射奈米粒子之塗覆組 成物及適用於彼之以三嵌段共聚物爲底質的分散添加劑。 WO 2008 097 895及WO 2009 097 205描述三層之汽車防護 層(automotive finish ),其在一層中包含彩色顔料,而 在其他層中包含IR反射劑顏料。此二系統均不適於製造修 飾組件或成形部件。該等應用的目的係提出黑色防護層, 儘管其爲暗色,但其溫度上升程度減少。 -6- 201213118 於EP 1 8 1 73 75中發現亦呈單層形式之模塑組成物, 其包含彩色顏料及IR反射劑顏料。DE 1 0 2007 06 1 052中 描述類似系統。然而,單層系統亦具有設計自由度大幅受 限’以及難以實現充分抗熱變形性結合良好耐候化性的缺 點。 另外,於EP 20 3 23 60中發現藉由PU黏著劑接合兩層 PMMA層並具有IR吸收劑之多層透明系統。然而該系統無 色’且雖然熱之透射較少’但對應之色調系統尤其是作爲 交通工具或交通工具頂部之鑲嵌玻璃時仍然太透明。未描 述相似不透明之經著色變體。然而,在高於100 °C,更精 確地說爲高於105 °C之溫度下,純PMMA系統可能發生變化 。因此’可能有成形部件霧化或變形的情況。特別是在直 接曰照之下的戶外應用情況下,暗色組件的缺點係容易溫 度上升。 因此,於 US 2007 0 1 294 70 及於 US 2007 0 1 294 82 中 發現包含IR反射劑顏料及暗色顏料且係由聚甲基丙烯酸酯 或ASA (丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸烷酯三元共聚物)所組成 之單層模塑組成物。在尺寸方面,該等單層模塑化合物亦 只具有有限熱安定性,因此不適於特別暗色之交通工具修 飾組件。 於EP 1 9 1 63 52中描述具有PVC、PE或PP之頂層及背 襯層的對應系統。然而,當該等塑膠特別是經歷1 00t:之 熱發展時,彼等亦不再具有尺寸穩定性。即使在高於8 5 X: 之溫度下,該等材料經常發生變化》所述之應用特別爲建 201213118 築應用’諸如PVC窗框,但非汽車工程。然而,汽車應用 在耐熱性及視覺外觀二者方面受到相對嚴格的要求。 EP 1 8 1 73 83描述包含成形塑膠部件、塗料層、纖維 材料、水凝性材料(諸如混凝土)或複合材料之單層系統 。:IR反射可藉由包括添加反射性顏料及染料之方式獲致, 其結合對應之缺點,且必定位於同一層。任何染料係位於 該同一層。EP 18 173 83提出之教示關於當經覆蓋部件爲 暗色時,以使彼等顯示出少許溫度上升之方式裝配於交通 工具內部,諸如皮椅或配件,或者結構組件,諸如波形瓦 (pantile)、窗框,甚至壁面。然而,EP 1 8 1 73 83未提 供關於如何製造視覺上具吸引力之成形部件,諸如例如交 通工具中之頂部模組的教示。此外,該教示可能不足以滿 足有關a)高輻射負載及b)經由例如頂部模組而使交通工 具內部特別有效隔熱的嚴格要求。 【發明內容】 本發明目的 本發明目的係提出供戶外應用之暗色且不透明的經著 色成形塑膠部件,與先前技術相較之下,彼等在性質方面 至少相等但較佳爲經改善。本發明更特別係提出成形塑膠 部件,與先前技術相較之下,彼等在光學設計、耐候化性 或觸感品質方面具有更大設計變化性,且其展現出耐高達 大於100°c之耐高溫性。 暗色調意指棕、灰、深綠、深藍或或黑色調:同樣有 -8- 201213118 可能爲混合色調。 此外’從例如日照角度來看,該目的係提出暗色成形 塑膠部件’其最小化該成形塑膠部件或位在該等成形塑膠 部件後之區的加熱。 此外’該目的係該塑膠模塑物必須具有耐候化性,此 與著色無關。 加諸於該暗色成形部件的另一要求係必須確保該部件 中介於頂層與待塗覆之塑膠模塑物之間的黏著有效及耐用 0 此外,該經著色或無色模塑組成物應具有良好處理性 質,且在該處理溫度下安定。 解決方案 經由創新的暗色塑膠模塑物提供獲致該等目的之解決 方案,該塑膠模塑物展現出少許溫度上升,且其特徵爲具 有以下性質: a. 該塑膠模塑物係由至少兩層一背襯層及頂層…所構 成。 b. 該頂層爲透明塑膠層。 c. 該背襯層爲在高達至少10 0°C下具有特別熱變形安 定性的聚合物層。 d. 無機IR反射性顏料係存在非頂層之層中》 重要的是該塑膠模塑物的總太陽能反射率(TSR)爲 至少10%,較佳爲至少15%,更佳爲至少20%。TSR係根據 -9 - 201213118 ASTM E903-96測量,ASTM E903-96係使用積分球之材料 (Materials Using Integrating Spheres)的太陽能吸收、 反射及透射之標準測試方法。 透明塑膠之頂層可爲聚醯胺(PA)、聚氟乙烯(PVF )、聚二氯乙烯(PVDF)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、丙烯酸烷 酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈三元共聚物(ASA)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共 聚物(SAN )或聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯之頂層。較佳爲聚( 甲基)丙烯酸酯層。本技術中已知聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。 該等聚合物通常係藉由自由基聚合包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯 之混合物而獲得。(甲基)丙烯酸酯一辭包括甲基丙烯酸 酯及丙烯酸酯以及二者之混合物。較佳之聚(甲基)丙烯 酸酯可藉由具有至少20重量%,更特別爲至少60重量%, 且更佳爲至少80重量%之甲基丙烯酸甲酯的混合物之聚合 作用獲得,各例係以待聚合之單體的總重計。 該聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯層特佳爲PMM A層。在該情況 下,或者可爲厚度介於15與150 μιη之間的PMMA膜,或厚 度介於0·15與25 mm之間的ΡΜΜΑ薄片。該ΡΜΜΑ組分的實 例之一爲模塑組成物Plexiglas® 7H。其可購自Evonik Rijhm GmbH。 該頂層可另外包含其他聚合物,因此採聚合物摻合物 形式以便修改性質。此等其他聚合物尤其包括PA、PVF、 PVDF、ASA、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、聚醚、聚酯、聚碳酸 酯及聚氯乙烯。該等聚合物可個別使用或作爲混合物使用 ,且亦可將上述聚合物可衍生之共聚物加入該模塑組成物 -10- 201213118 。此等共聚物特別包括苯乙烯-丙烯腈聚合物(SAN ),其 較佳係以至高達4 5重量%之量加入該模塑組成物中。特佳 之苯乙烯-丙烯腈聚合物可經由聚合由70 %至92重量°/。之苯 乙烯、8%至30重量%之丙烯腈及0%至22重量%之其他共聚 單體所組成的聚合物而獲得,各例係以待聚合之單體的總 重計。 用作本發明之基質聚合物的同元聚合物及/或共聚物 之重量平均分子量Mw可在廣泛範圍內變動,該分子量通常 根據最終用途以及該模塑組成物待處理之方式來訂製。然 而,一般而言,該重量在介於20000與1000000 g/mol之間 的範圍,較佳爲50000至500000 g/mol,且更佳爲80000至 3 00 000 g/m〇l,但絕無意此範圍成爲限制。 背襯層爲具有高達至少100°c,較佳爲高達至少11(TC 之特別熱塑性的熱塑性聚合物所組成的層。較佳之熱塑性 聚合物特別是聚酯、聚醯胺、ASA、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(s AN )、熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯 乙烯三元共聚物(ABS )、聚縮甲醛(POM ) 、PVF、 PVDF、環嫌烴(共)聚合物(COP或COC)或該等聚合物 之混合物,及包含至少50重量%之至少一種該等聚合物的 聚合物混合物。該背襯層可具有介於15 μπι與25 m m之間的 厚度。 作爲背襯層的其他可能係使用以三聚氰胺、環氧化物 或苯基爲底質所製造的熱固物。
在一發明具體實例中,該背襯層包含至少一種無機IR -11 - 201213118 反射性顏料。在模塑物中只存在一種無機IR反射性顏料的 較佳具體實例中,該顏料可在該背襯層中。 在其他具體實例中,該塑膠模塑物另外包含其他層。 該其他層較佳爲厚度介於1與100 μιη之間的黏著層。特佳 情況係該黏著層位於該頂層與該背襯層之間。 在本發明替代具體實例中,該無機IR反射性顏料特別 是位於該黏著層中,較佳係只位於該黏著層中。 該黏著層可包含黏著劑系統或黏著促進劑系統。更特 別是可使用由聚胺基甲酸酯黏著劑、丁二烯·苯乙烯共聚 物,或包含丁二烯及苯乙烯之三元共聚物所製成者,或者 由聚丙烯酸酯、環氧化物或其他黏著劑或黏著促進劑所製 成者。適當之黏著劑係由熟悉本技術之人士根據待連接之 兩個基板(例如,根據背襯層及頂層之材料)來選擇。 根據本發明,該具有無機IR反射性顏料的層包含介於 0.01%與5_0重量%之間,較佳爲介於0.05%與3.0重量%之間 ,且最佳爲介於0.1 %與2.0重量%之間的該顔料》該無機IR 反射性顏料較佳爲粒子大小介於50 nm與5.0 μιη之間,較 佳係介於100 nm與3.0 μιη之間,且更佳係介於200 nm與2.5 μπι的金屬氧化物。 IR暗塑 色 C 用模 暗 線慣的 造 外覆成 製 紅塗組 可 同比所 料 不致物 顏 或獲合 之 種能聚 別 一可色 類 用下著 下 使照經 以 中 日色 。用 物在暗率使 塑,用射中 模料慣反物 之顏由能合 明色或陽聚 發彩物太在 本機合之現 在無聚高發 由性色較已 經射著顯現 反經明 >色物 -12- 201213118 不透明之經著色模塑組成物,且具有該等顔料或使用彼等 模塑的塑膠模塑物在陽光下不會發生過度加熱。 CAS編號 C.I名稱 C.I.編號 化學組成 68186-85-6 C.I.顔料綠色50 C.I. 77377 駄酸銘綠色尖晶石 68909-79-5 C.I.顏料綠色17 C.I. 77288 赤鐵礦鉻墨綠 109414-04-2 C.I.顏料棕色29 氧化絡鐵 68187-09-7 C.I.顔料棕色35 C.I. 77501 鐵鉻鐵礦棕色尖晶石 71631-15-7 C.I.顔料黑色30 C.I. 77504 鎳鐵鉻鐵礦黒色尖晶石 C.I.命名法係根據 Colour Index, The Society of Dyers and Colourists ( SDC) 「暗色」品質可藉由根據DIN 6 1 74 ( 0 1 / 1 979 )之L*値界 定,該DIN 6 1 74 ( 0 1 / 1 979 )係藉由CieLAB公式之測定主 色色調(masstone colour)之色差的比色測定法。就暗色 不透明之經著色模塑組成物而言,CieLab L*値低於51, 較佳爲低於4 1,而極佳爲低於3 1。 WO 00/248 1 7 ( ferro)描述金剛砂-赤鐵礦結構,其結 合鋁、銻、鉍、硼、鉻、鈷、鈷、銦、鐵、鑭、鋰、鎂、 錳、鉬、鈸、鎳、鈮、矽及/或錫之氧化物。 本發明之耐熱變形性IR反射性塑膠模塑物可用於很多 部門,特別是建築工業或交通工具構造。該等模塑物較佳 係用於壁面之元件或模組,建築物屋頂或交通工具頂部, 或用於安裝在交通工具內或其上的部件。此等應用中,該 等塑膠模塑物的外側可安裝有背襯層或頂層。該情況下之 外側係曝露於較大輻射負載,通常爲較大熱輻射負載的一 -13- 201213118 側。因此,一般而言,該外側爲太陽光側。 在替代用途中,本發明之塑膠模塑物亦可應用於基板 。該等基板可爲例如玻璃、混凝土、磚石、木材或金屬。 在該情況下,存在例如用於建築工業中之IR反射性表面被 覆之應用。 本發明之塑膠模塑物或者亦可與其他塑膠結合以形成 複合塑膠材料。爲此目的,藉由慣用方法(諸如發泡體背 襯、模內塗覆、積層或黏著劑接合)之助來將該等塑膠模 塑物施加於第二塑膠模塑物。或者或是除此之外,亦可藉 由上述方法之助將至少一層其他塑膠層施加至本發明之塑 膠模塑物。 存在該等層其中之一(較佳爲頂層)的著色劑或著色 劑混合物另外用於改.變及調和該色彩。該等著色劑可爲IR 反射性(諸如例如二氧化鈦),或爲IR透明性。此外,該 等著色劑可爲有機染料或其他有機顏料及無機顏料,及/ 或者其混合物。 該等額外著色劑之分率以該頂層的基質計可介於〇%與3.0 重量%之間,較佳係介於0%與2.5重量%之間,且更佳係介 於0%與2.0重量%之間。 該等模塑物可例如如下述製造:將頂層之著色劑及模 塑組成物均質成乾摻合物形式,然後藉由擠製處理以形成 膜或薄片。 因此,視具體實例而定,可製造包含IR反射性顏料的背襯 層。然後,藉由滚筒先對此二層其中之一提供黏著層,然 -14- 201213118 後使之連接於第二層。 或者,該等層可在一步驟中共擠製,並視具體實例而定具 有黏著層或黏著促進劑層。 本發明之模塑物(同義表示塑膠模塑物)係如下測試 :首先,使用沖壓機自經著色且透明之模塑物製造厚度爲 0.5 mm之小板。然後壓製個別加沖壓小板,以形成兩層構 造。 【實施方式】 實施例 使用如圖1之擠製模擠製PLEXIGLAS®標準模塑組成 物,該擠製模係由加壓環(1)、置換器圓盤、底板(3) 及頂板(2 )所構成,該底板之內徑爲50 mm。亦使用兩個 溫度調節之熱板(2000 W)、液壓機及具有警報功能之溫 度感測器。 用於製造試樣之一般程序指令 將一熱板設爲250°C之溫度。將14 g標準模塑組成物( 材料指示見個別實例)插入該擠製模頂部腔室中,並將該 模置於該熱板上。將溫度感測器插入存在加壓環(1 )中 之承液器內孔內。將第二熱板置於該擠製模上使該模係從 底部及從頂部二者加熱。當該擠製模之溫度到達210 °C之 數字時,從該等熱板取出該熱擠製模並將之置於液壓機中 。此處,立刻後1 00 kN之壓力加壓該模,使部分該熔體自 -15- 201213118 頂部腔室流入底部腔室。 在冷卻至室溫後,將該模掉轉於脫模環上並置回該壓 機內,於該處藉由撞擊器(直徑<40 mm)之助來脫模。使 用加壓板將以此種方式製造之模取出,並構成背襯層。 以此方式,藉由進一步壓製,施加厚度爲75 0 μπι之 ΡΜΜΑ外層。所使用之外層爲PLEXIGLAS® Film 99524。 實施例1 作爲無色塑膠九粒(標準模塑組成物),使用得自 Evonik Cyro LLC 之摻合物 Cyrex® ΕΧΡ-310» 其係與 1 重量 %之111反射性顏料(Ferro PK 1 0204 )並藉由擠製機化合 。所製造之經著色塑膠九粒係經壓縮模塑以形成直徑爲 120 mm且厚度爲4 mm之圓形圓盤。 實施例2 作爲無色塑膠九粒(標準模塑組成物),使用得自 Bayer Material Science 之摻合物 Makrolon® 2607。其係與 1重量%之111反射性顔料(Ferro PK 10204 )並藉由擠製機 化合。所製造之經著色塑膠九粒係經壓縮模塑以形成直徑 爲120 mm且厚度爲4 mm之圓形圓盤。 對照實例1 ( CE1 ) 爲做比較,以與實施例1及2相同方式,壓製 PLEXIGLAS® 8N 與 1重量% 之(Ferro PK 10204)。然而, -16- 201213118 該情況下’不使用PMMA外層進行第二壓製,因此進行測 量之該試樣爲根據先前技術的單層系統。 在該等試樣中,耐熱變形溫度(HDT)係根據IS075 測定’而總太陽能反射率(TSR)係根據ASTM e 903,基 於在塗覆PMMA側藉由光譜之光學測量(以Varian Cary 5000測量)計算。 CE1 實施例1 實施例2 HDT 10 1°C 1 09°c 1 22〇C TSR 2 5% 22% 22% 相對於先前技術(CE1),明顯看出本發明之塑膠模 塑物結合相當之TSR與明顯較佳之耐熱變形性。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯不本發明所使用之擠製模。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :加壓環 2 :頂板 3 :底板 4 :置換器圓盤 -17-
Claims (1)
- 201213118 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種暗色塑膠模塑物,其特徵在於 a. 該塑膠模塑物係由至少兩層(背襯層及頂層)所 構成, b. 該頂層係由透明塑膠組成 c. 該背襯層爲聚合物層, d. 非頂層之層包含至少一種無機IR反射性顔料, e. —層包含一或多種其他著色劑,及 f. 該塑膠模塑物之總太陽能反射率(TSR )爲至少 10%。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之塑膠模塑物,其中該頂層 爲聚醯胺、聚氟乙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯酸烷酯-苯乙烯-丙 烯腈三元共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物或聚(甲基)丙 烯酸酯之層,以聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯之層爲佳。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之塑膠模塑物,其中該背襯 層爲熱塑性塑膠,諸如PVF、PVDF、COC、COP、POM、 ASA、SAN、聚酯、聚醯胺、熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚碳 酸酯或ABS之層,或包含至少50重量%之該等聚合物中至 少一者的混合物之層。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項之塑膠模塑物,其中該背襯 層包含至少一種無機IR反射性顏料。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項之塑膠模塑物,其中該塑膠 模塑物另外具有其他層,且其中該等層中的一個非聚(甲 基)丙烯酸酯層之層係爲厚度介於1與100 μπι之黏著層。 -18- 201213118 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之塑膠模塑物,其中該黏著 層係位於該頂層與該背襯層之間。 7. 如申請專利範圍第5項之塑膠模塑物,其中該黏著 層包含至少一種無機IR反射性顏料。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1或5項之塑膠模塑物,其中該頂 層爲厚度介於15 μηι與25 mm之PMMA膜或薄片。 9. 如申請專利範圍第1或5項之塑膠模塑物,其中該一 或多種其他著色劑存在於該頂層中。 10. 如申請專利範圍第1或5項之塑膠模塑物,其中 CieLab L*値低於 51。 1 1 .如申請專利範圍第1或5項之塑膠模塑物,其中該 含有無機IR反射性顏料之層包含介於0.01重量%與5.0重量 %之該顏料,且其中該無機IR反射性顏料爲粒子大小介於 50 urn與5.0 μιη,較佳係介於200 nm與2.5 μηι之金屬氧化 物。 12. —種如申請專利範圍第1至11項中至少一項之塑膠 模塑物的用途,其係用於建築物壁面之元件或模組,建築 物之屋頂或交通工具之頂部,或用於安裝在交通工具內或 其上的部件。 13. 如申請專利範圍第12項之塑膠模塑物的用途,其 中該背襯層係安裝在外側,即太陽光側。 1 4 ·如申請專利範圍第丨2項之塑膠模塑物的用途,其 中該頂層係安裝在外側,即太陽光側。 -19-
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DE102011006185A1 (de) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Transparente bzw. semitransparente Bauteile mit reduzierter Gesamtsolartransmission bzw. erhöhter Gesamtsolarreflexion |
ES2720925T3 (es) * | 2012-12-20 | 2019-07-25 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Masas de moldeo de policarbonato coloreadas de manera opaca que contienen pigmentos reflectantes de IR |
KR101534412B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-07-07 | 노틸러스효성 주식회사 | 매체 처리 장치 |
CA3039666C (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2022-08-23 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Coatings for increasing near-infrared detection distances |
CN109937138B (zh) | 2016-11-17 | 2022-04-19 | 科思创德国股份有限公司 | 用于热管理的由聚碳酸酯制成的不透明多层体 |
WO2018091556A1 (de) | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-24 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Transparenter mehrschichtkörper zum wärmemanagement |
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WO2020102181A1 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-22 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of detecting a concealed pattern |
US11561329B2 (en) | 2019-01-07 | 2023-01-24 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Near infrared control coating, articles formed therefrom, and methods of making the same |
KR20220045989A (ko) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-04-13 | 피츠버그 글래스 웍스, 엘엘씨 | Adas 카메라 시스템용 자동차 글레이징 |
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ATE139034T1 (de) * | 1991-12-21 | 1996-06-15 | Roehm Gmbh | Ir-reflektierender körper |
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RU2404219C2 (ru) | 2004-12-03 | 2010-11-20 | Констракшн Рисерч Энд Текнолоджи Гмбх | Темный плоский элемент с малой теплопроводностью, сниженной плотностью и низким поглощением солнечного излучения |
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2010
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2011
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- 2011-04-28 CN CN2011800189677A patent/CN102844184A/zh active Pending
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- 2011-04-28 US US13/636,370 patent/US20130011662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-04-28 EP EP11716555A patent/EP2571687A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-17 TW TW100117205A patent/TW201213118A/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2012155045A (ru) | 2014-06-27 |
EP2571687A1 (de) | 2013-03-27 |
DE102010029169A1 (de) | 2011-11-24 |
KR20130093509A (ko) | 2013-08-22 |
MX2012013016A (es) | 2013-01-22 |
WO2011144429A1 (de) | 2011-11-24 |
SG184788A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
US20130011662A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CA2799828A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
CN102844184A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
JP2013532076A (ja) | 2013-08-15 |
BR112012029426A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
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