TW201024313A - Derivatives of 1-amino-2-cyclobutylethylboronic acid - Google Patents
Derivatives of 1-amino-2-cyclobutylethylboronic acid Download PDFInfo
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- TW201024313A TW201024313A TW098133005A TW98133005A TW201024313A TW 201024313 A TW201024313 A TW 201024313A TW 098133005 A TW098133005 A TW 098133005A TW 98133005 A TW98133005 A TW 98133005A TW 201024313 A TW201024313 A TW 201024313A
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- BCNMPHGGRXUKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-amino-2-cyclobutylethyl)boronic acid Chemical class OB(O)C(N)CC1CCC1 BCNMPHGGRXUKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 82
- -1 benzo-salt Chemical group 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 64
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 34
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 19
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000006162 fluoroaliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-biphenylenemethane Natural products C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DHHVAGZRUROJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phentermine Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 DHHVAGZRUROJKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000904 isoindolyl group Chemical group C=1(NC=C2C=CC=CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N (12s,15r)-15-hydroxy-11,16-dioxo-15,20-dihydrosenecionan-12-yl acetate Chemical compound O1C(=O)[C@](CC)(O)C[C@@H](C)[C@](C)(OC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3 IYLGZMTXKJYONK-ACLXAEORSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BGDOLELXXPTPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydro-2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2ONCCC2=C1 BGDOLELXXPTPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005330 8 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 241000605059 Bacteroidetes Species 0.000 claims 1
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XIYZMOFCMDIBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isolin Natural products CCC1C(OC(=O)C)C(C)C(C)(O)C(=O)OCC2=CCN3CCC(OC1=O)C23 XIYZMOFCMDIBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 66
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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Description
201024313 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關適用作蛋白酶體抑制劑的_酸及蝴酸酯化合 物。本發明亦提供包含本發明化合物的醫藥組合物及使用 該等組合物治療各種疾病的方法。 •本申請案主張2008年9月29曰申請之美國臨時專利申請 案第61/194,614號之優先權,該案係以引用的方式全部併 入本文中。 Φ 【先前技術】 画朋酸及S朋酸酯化合物顯示了多種醫藥學上有用的生物活 性。Shenvi等人之美國專利第4,499,〇82號(1985)揭示肽蝴 酉夂為某些蛋白水解酶之抑制劑。Kettner及Shenvi之美國專 利第5,187,157號(1993)、美國專利第 5,242,904號(1993)及 美國專利第5,250,720號(1993)描述一類抑制胰蛋白酶樣蛋 白酶之肽蝴酸。Kleeman等人之美國專利第5,169,841號 (1992)揭示抑制腎素作用之N末端經修飾的肽_酸。Kinder ® 等人之美國專利第5,106,948號(1992)揭示某些蝴酸化合物 抑制癌細胞生長。Bachovchin等人之WO 07/0005991揭示 抑制纖維母細胞活化蛋白之肽_酸化合物。
I 蝴酸及關酸酯化合物作為蛋白酶體(負責大部分細胞内 蛋白質轉換之多催化蛋白酶)的抑制劑十分有前景。Adams 等人之美國專利第5,780,454號(1998)描述適用作蛋白酶體 抑制劑的肽_酸酯及肽國酸化合物。此參考文獻亦描述蝴 酸酯及晒酸化合物降低肌肉蛋白質降解速率、降低細胞中 143338.doc 201024313 NF-κΒ的活性、降低細胞中p53蛋白的降解速率、抑制細胞 中細胞週期素的降解、抑制癌細胞生長及抑制nf-kB依賴性 細胞黏著的用途。Furet等人之WO 02/096933、Chatterjee等 人之 WO 05/016859 及 Bernadini 等人之 WO 05/021558 及 WO 06/08660揭示其他據報導具有蛋白酶體抑制活性的醐酸酯 及_酸化合物。
Ciechanover, CW/,79: 13-21 (1994)揭示蛋白酶體為泛素 蛋白酶體路徑之蛋白水解組份,其中蛋白質藉由與多個泛 素分子結合而成為降解之目標。Ciechanover亦揭示泛素蛋 0 白酶體路徑在多種重要生理學過程中起著關鍵作用。
Rivett等人,价oc/ze/w. X 291:1 (1993)揭示蛋白酶禮顯示肤 蛋白酶肽酶活性、胰凝乳蛋白酶肽酶活性及肽基楚胺醯基 肽酶活性。20S蛋白酶體構成26S蛋白酶體之催化核心。 McCormack等人,Sz'oc/iemz’siry 37:7792 (1998)教示包括
Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-AMC、Z-Leu-Leu-Arg-AMC 及 Z-Leu-Leu-Glu-2NA之多種肽受質受20S蛋白酶體裂解,其中Sue 為N-琥珀醯基、AMC為7-胺基4-甲基香豆素而2NA為2-萘 ® 胺。 蛋白酶體抑制代表癌症治療之重要新策略。King等人, 274:1652-1659 (1996)描述泛素蛋白酶體路徑在調 節細胞週期、腫瘤生長及轉移中的重要作用。作者教示在 細胞週期中泛素蛋白酶體路徑使多種包括細胞週期素及細 胞週期素依賴性激酶p21及p27KIP1之關鍵調節蛋白按時序 降解。細胞需要有序降解該等蛋白質以完全經歷細胞週期 143338.doc 201024313 及進行有絲分裂。 此外,泛素蛋白酶體路徑亦為轉錄調節所需。 Palombella 等人,CW/, 78:773 (1994)教示轉錄因子 NF-kB 之活化受抑制劑蛋白質ΙκΒ之蛋白酶體介導之降解調節。 NF-κΒ又在免疫及發炎性反應中所涉及之基因的調節中起 重要作用。Read等人,2:493-506 (1995)教示泛 * 素蛋白酶體路徑為諸如E-選擇素(E-selectin)、ICAM-1及 VCAM-1之細胞黏附分子之表現所需。Zetter, G C⑽cw B/o/ogy 4:219·229 (1993)教示細胞黏附分子藉由引 導朦瘤細胞黏附至及自血管滲出至體内之遠端組織部位而 參與活體内腫瘤轉移及血管生成。此外,Beg及Baltimore, SWence 274:782 (1996)教示NF-κΒ為抗細胞调亡控制因 子,且抑制NF-κΒ活化使得細胞對環境麼力及細胞毒性劑 更敏感" 蛋白酶體抑制劑VELCADE® (硼替佐米(bortezomib); N-2-吡嗪-羰基-L-苯丙胺酸-L-白胺酸S明酸)為首個獲得官 方批准的蛋白酶體抑制劑。Mitsiades等人,Drwg Tczrgeis, 7:1341 (2006)回顧了促使批准硼替佐米用於治療 事先已接受至少一種療法之多發性骨髓瘤患者的臨床研 究。Fisher等人,J. C/i«. 0加〇/·, 30:4867描述了證實硼替 佐米在患有復發或難治癒套細胞淋巴瘤之患者體内之活性 的國際多中心第ΙΓ期研究。Ishii等人,Jgewb ζ·« MeAcha/ 7:359 (2007)及 Roccaro等人,Cwrr. P/mrm. 5ζ·οία/2.,7:1341 (2006)論述多種可能會有助於硼替 143338.doc 201024313 佐米之抗腫瘤活性的分子機制。 由 Voges等人,5/oc/zew·,68:1015 (1999)報導 之結構分析揭示20S蛋白酶體包含28個次單位,其中催化 次單位βΐ、β2及β5分別負責肽基麩胺醯基、胰蛋白酶及胰 凝乳蛋白酶肽酶活性。Rivett等人,Cwrr. 5W·,5:153 (2004)揭示當蛋白酶體曝露於包括IFN-γ及TNF-α之某些細胞激素時,βΐ、β2及β5次單位經替代催化次單 位βΐί、β2ί及β5ί置換,形成稱為免疫蛋白酶體的蛋白酶體 之變異體形式。
Orlowski, Hematology (Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program) 220 (2005)揭示免疫蛋白酶體亦在一些來源於造血前驅細 胞之細胞中組成性表現。作者表明對免疫蛋白酶體具有特 異性之抑制劑可能允許針對由血液學起源產生之癌症的把 向療法,從而可能使諸如胃腸及神經組織之正常組織免受 副作用。 如上述參考文獻所證明,蛋白酶體代表治療性干預之重 要目標。因此,對新穎及/或改良的蛋白酶體抑制劑仍持 續存在需要。 【發明内容】 本發明提供作為蛋白酶體之一或多種肽酶活性之有效抑 制劑的化合物。該等化合物適用於活體外及活體内抑制蛋 白酶體活性,且尤其適用於治療各種細胞增生性疾病。 本發明化合物具有通式(I): 143338.doc 201024313
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或s明酸酐,其中: A為0、1或2 ; P為氫或胺基封端部分; r a 1 R為Ci-6脂族基、Cu氟脂族基、_(cH2)m-CH2-RB、 ⑩-(CH2)«_CH2_NHC(=NR4)NH-Y、-(CH2)w-CH2-CON(R4)2、 -(cH2)m-CH2-N(R4)CON(R4)2 ^ -(CH2)m-CH(R6)N(R4)2 ' _(CH2)m-CH(R5)-〇R5或-(CHA-CH^ySR5 ; 各R獨立地為氫、Cw脂族基、q_6氟脂族基、·…!^)〆 CH2-Rb ^ -(CH2)m-CH2-NHC(=NR4)NH-Y ^ -(CH2)m-CH2-CON(R4)2 、-(CH2)m-CH2-N(R4)CON(R4)2、_(ch2)w-CH(R6)N(R4)2、 各Y獨立地為氯、-CN、-N〇2或- S(〇)2-R10 ; ❹ 各R獨立地為經取代或未經取代之單環或雙環系統; 各R獨立地為氫或經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳基、 雜芳基或雜環基;或同一氮原子上之兩個R4連同該氮原子 一起形成經取代或未經取代之4至8員雜環基環,該環除該 氮原子外還具有〇至2個獨立地選自N、〇及8之雜環原子; 各R獨立地為氫或經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳基、 雜芳基或雜環基; 各R6獨立地為經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳基或雜 基; ’、 143338.doc 201024313 各R1Q獨立地為仏·6脂族基、C6μ芳基或_n(r4)2 ; w為〇、1或2 ; Z及z】各自獨立地為經基、烧氧基、芳氧基或芳院氧 基,或Z及z2—起形成衍生自蝴酸錯合劑之部分。 除非另外明確聲明’否則術語「蛋白酶體」意指組成性 蛋白酶體、免疫蛋白酶體或兩者。 '如本文所用之術語「脂族」或「脂族基」意謂完全飽和 或含有-或多個單位的不飽和度,但不為芳族之經取代或 未經取代之直鍵、分支鏈或環狀〇,_12烴。舉例而言,合適 芳族基包括經取代或未經取代之錢、分支鏈或環狀烧 基、烯基或炔基及其雜合物,諸如(環烷基)烷基、(環烯 基)烷基或(環烷基)烯基。在各種實施例中,脂族基具有1 至20、1至8、1至6、」至4或13個碳。 單獨或作為較大部分之—部分使用之術語「烷基」、「烯 基J及「炔基」係指具有丨至12個碳原子的直鏈或分支鏈 基。出於本發明之目#,當將脂族基連接至分子剩餘 4刀之碳原子為飽和碳原子時將使用術語「烷基」。然 而’烷基可在其他碳原子處包括不飽和度。因此,烷基包 括(但不限於)甲基、乙基 '丙基、烯丙基、炔丙基、丁 基、戊基及己基。 出於本發明之目的,當將脂族基連接至分子剩餘部分之 碳原子形成碳碳雙鍵之一部分時將使用術語「烯基」。烯 基包括(但不限於)乙烯基、^丙烯基、1-丁烯基、1-戊烯 基及〗-己烯基。 143338.doc 201024313 出於本發明之目的,當將脂族基連接至分子剩餘部分之 碳原子形成碳碳參鍵的一部分時將使用術語「炔基」。炔 基包括(但不限於)乙炔基、1-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、1-戊炔 基及1-己炔基。 、 ❹ 單獨或作為較大部分之一部分使用之術語「環脂族基」 係指具有3至約14個A員之飽和或部分不飽和ί裒狀脂族環 系統,其中該脂族環系統視情況經取代。在一些實施例 中,環脂族基為具有3-8或3-6個環碳原子的單環烴。非限 制性實例包括環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環戊烯基、環己 環己烯基、環庚基、環庚稀基、環辛基、環辛歸基及 環辛二烯基。在-些實施例中,環脂族基為具有6_12、6_ 10或6-8個環碳原子之橋聯或稠合雙環烴,其中雙環系統 中之任何個別環具有3-8個成員。 在些實施例中,環脂族環上兩個相鄰取代基連同其間 之環原子一起形成具有〇_3個選自由〇、N&s組成之群^ ,雜原子的視情況經取代之稠合5至6員芳族環或㈤員非 方族環。因此,術語「環脂族基」包括與一或多個芳爲、 2芳基或雜環基環稠合的塘族環。非限制性實例包括節滿 f、5,6,7,8-四氫㈣琳基、十氫蔡基或四氫蔡基,1中 基團或連接點在該脂族環上。 ^獨或作為較大部分(例如「芳燒基」、「芳炫氧基」或 「Γ基氧基烧基」)之一部分使用之術語「芳基」及 二」係指包含-至三個各自視情況經取代之環的C6至 14方族煙。較佳地,芳基為C㈣芳基。芳基包括(但不限 143338.doc 201024313 於)苯基、萘基及蒽基。在一些實施例中,芳基環上兩個 相鄰取代基連同其間之環原子-起形成具有0-3個選自由 〇、N及S組成之群之環雜原子的視情況經取代之稠合⑴ 員^族環或4至8員非芳族環。因此,如本文所用之術語 「方基」包括芳基環與-或多個雜芳基、環脂族或雜環基 %稠合的基團,其中基團或連接點在該芳族環上。該等稠 合環系統之非限制性實例包括t朵基、異十朵基、苯并嗓 吩基、苯并吱喃&、二苯并咬喃基、十坐基、苯并味唾 基、苯并嘆嗤基、喧琳基、異喧嘴基、吟琳基、吹唤基、 喧峻淋基、㈣琳基、,坐基…丫咬基、啡唤基、啡嗟嗓 基、啡嚼嘻基、四氫喧琳基、四氣異啥琳基、第基、節滿 基、啡咬基、E9氫萘基"引„朵琳基、啡β惡嗓基、苯并二鳴 烷基及苯并間二氧雜環戊烯基。芳基可為單環、雙環、三 環或多環,較佳為單環、雙環或三環,更佳為單環或雙 環。術語「芳基」可與術語「芳基」、「芳基部分」及「芳 基環」互換使用。 芳烷基」或「芳基烷基」包含與烧基共價連接之芳 基,其中任一者均獨立地視情況經取代。較佳地,芳烷基 為C6.10芳基(Cl·6)烷基、Ce丨〇芳基(Ci·4)烷基或C6-i〇芳基(c丨 烷基’包括(但不限於)苯甲基、苯乙基及萘曱基。 單獨或作為較大部分(例如雜芳烷基或「雜芳烷氧基」) 之邛刀使用之術語「雜芳基」及「雜芳」係指具有5至 14個環原子,較佳具有5、6、9或1〇個環原子;具有6、1〇 或14個於環陣列中共有之π電子;且除碳原子以外還具有 143338.doc 10- 201024313 一至四個雜原子之基團。術語「雜原子」係指氮、氧或硫 ,。氮或硫之任何氧化形式及驗性氮之任何四級錄化形 式。因此,當關於雜芳基之環原子使用時,術語「氮」包 括經氧化之氮(如在吼视氧化物中)。如下文所進一步定 • 義,5員雜芳基之某些氮原子亦可經取代。雜芳基包括(但 不限於)衍生自。塞吩"夫喃、料、咪唾、吼唾、三。坐、 ’四唑、噁唑、異噁唑、噁二唑、噻唑、異噻唑、噻二唑、 M H㈣、対、対、料κ、㈣并扯 罾啶、咪唑并吡啶、噁唑并吡啶、噻唑并吡啶、三唑并吡 啶、吡咯并嘧啶、嘌呤及三唑并嘧啶的基團。如本文所用 之短”°何生自……的基團」意謂藉由自母體雜芳族環系 統移除一個氫基所產生的單價基團。可在母體雜芳基環系 統之任何環上之任何可取代位置處產生基團(亦即,雜芳 基與分子剩餘部分之連接點)。 在一些實施例中,雜芳基上兩個相鄰取代基連同其間之 φ 環原子一起形成具有0-3個選自由Ο、Ν及s組成之群之環 雜原子的視情況經取代之稠合5至6員芳族環或4至8員非芳 族環。因此,如本文所用之術語「雜芳基」及「雜芳」亦 包括一個雜芳族環與一或多個芳基、環脂族或雜環基環稠 合的基團,其中基團或連接點在該芳族環上。非限制性實 例包括°引η朵基、異弓丨β朵基、苯并〇塞吩基、苯并吱味基、二 苯并呋喃基、吲唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、笨并嚼 唾基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、4啉基、呔嗪基、喹唑琳基、 啥°若啉基、4Η-喹嗪基、咔唑基、吖啶基、啡嗪基、啡嗟 143338.doc • 11 - 201024313 嗪基、啡料基、四氫喹琳基、四氫異㈣基及呢。定并 [2,3-1>]-1’4-噁嗪-3(41^)-_基。雜芳基可為單環、雙環、三 環或多環’較佳為單環、雙環或三環,更料單環或雙 環。術語「雜芳基」可與術語「雜芳基環」或「雜芳基 互換使用’該等術語中之任一者均包括視情況經心丄 環。術語「雜芳烧基」係指經雜芳基取代的烧基,其中該 烷基及雜芳基部分獨立地視情況經取代。 參 如本文所用之術語「芳族環」及「芳族環系統」係指旦 有〇-6個、較佳G-4個環雜原子且具有6、mi4個於環㈣ 中共有“電子的視情況經取代之單環、雙環或工環基 團。因此,術語「若族提 Γ 、J及芳族環系統」涵蓋芳基及 雜芳基兩者。 暴及 如本文所用之術語「雜瑗 「他„ # 雜%」、「雜環基」、「雜環基團 雜環狀環」可互換使用且係指穩定的⑴員單環或稍人 7至1〇員或橋聯6至10員雙環雜環部分,其為飽和邱/ 飽和部分且除碳原子以外還且有其為飽和或部分不 ❹ 如上所定義之雜原子。當 1固 「氣―上 田關於雜裱之環原子使用時,術語 ϋ地山- 举例而s ’在具有1-3個選自 氫规料基中卜ΝΗ(μ基環中’氮可為N(如在Μ二 Μ (如在°比嘻咬基中)或+NR(如修經 ;+ * 了 U任何產生穩定結構之雜原 子或碳原子與其側基連接,雅原 視情況經取代。該等飽和原子中之任一者均可 (但不限於)四氣咬喃基、四和雜環基的實例包括 氫噻%基、吡咯啶基、吡咯啶 143338.doc •12· 201024313 酮基、哌啶基、吡咯啉基、四氫喹啉基、四氫異喹啉基、 十氫喹啉基、噁唑啶基、哌嗪基、二噁烷基、二氧戊環 基 '二氮呼基、噁氮呼基、噻氮呼基、嗎琳基及P昆咬基。 在一些實施例中,雜環上兩個相鄰取代基連同其間之環 原子一起形成具有0-3個選自由0、N及S組成之群之環雜 原子的視情況經取代之稠合5至6員芳族環或3至8員非芳族 環。因此,術語「雜環」、「雜環基」、「雜環基環」、「雜環 基」、「雜環部分」及「雜環基團」在本文中可互換使用, ^ 且包括一個雜環基環與一或多個芳基、雜芳基或環脂族環 稠合的基團,諸如吲哚啉基、3H_吲哚基、咣烷基、啡啶 基或四氫喹啉基,其中基團或連接點在該雜環基環上。雜 環基可為單環、雙環、三環或多環,較佳為單環、雙環或 三環,更佳為單環或雙環。術語「雜環基烷基」指經雜環 基取代的燒基,其中烧基及雜環基部分獨立地視情況經取 代。 φ 如本文利之術語「部分不飽和」係指在環原子之間包 括至少-個雙鍵或三鍵的環部分。術語「部分不飽和」意 欲涵蓋具有多個位點之不飽和度的環,但不欲包括如本文 所定義之芳基或雜芳基部分。 術語「齒脂族基」、「齒烧基」、「齒婦基」及「齒燒氧 基」係指視情況經-或多㈣素原子取代之脂族基、燒 氧基。如本文所用之術語「南素」或「齒 m h a &族基」係指㈣為氟 的虐月曰知基,包括全氣脂族基。氣脂族基之實例包括(但 143338.doc •13- 201024313 不限於)氟甲基、:氟甲基、三氟甲基、2_氣乙醋、2,2,2 三氟乙基、1,1,2-三氟乙基、三氟乙基及五氟乙基。 術語「連接基」<「連接子」意謂連接化合物之兩個部 分之有機部分。連接子通常包含諸如氧或硫之原子、諸 如NH、-CHz-、-C(O)、_c(〇)NH-之單元或諸如伸烷基鏈 之原子鏈。連接子之分子質量通常在約14至2〇〇之範圍 内,較佳在14至96之範圍内,長度為至多約6個原子。在 一些實施例中,連接子為Cl-6伸烷基鏈。 術語「伸烷基」係指二價烷基。「伸烷基鏈」為聚亞甲 基’亦即-(CH2)X-,其中X為正整數’較佳為1至1至4、 1至3、1至2或2至3。經取代伸烷基鏈為一或多個亞甲基氫 原子經取代基置換的聚亞曱基。合適取代基包括以下關於 經取代脂族基描述之彼等取代基。伸烧基鏈亦可於一或多 個位置經脂族基或經取代脂族基取代。 伸烧基鏈亦可視情況雜有官能基。當内部亞甲基單元經 官能基置換時’伸烷基鏈「雜有」官能基。合適「雜入官 能基」之非限制性實例包括_C(R*) = C(R*)-、-OC-、_〇_ 、-S-、-S(O)-、-S(0)2-、-S(0)2N(R+)-、-N(R*)-、-N(R+)CO-、_N(R+)C(〇)N(R+)-、-N(R+)C(=NR + )-N(R+)-、-N(R+)-C(=NR+)-、-N(R+)C02-、-N(R+)S02-、-N(R+)S02N(R+)-、 -OC(O)·、-〇c(〇)〇-、_〇c(0)N(R+)_、-C(O)-、-C02-、 -C(0)N(R+)-、-c(0)-C(0)-、-C(=NR+)-N(R+)·、-C(NR+)=N- 、-C(=NR+)-〇_、-C(OR*)=N- ' _C(R°)=N-0-或-N(R+)-N(R+)-。各R+獨立為氫或視情況經取代之脂族基、芳基、 143338.doc -14- 201024313 雜芳基或雜環基,或同一氮原子上之兩個R+連同該氮原子 一起形成除該氮原子以外還具有〇_2個選自n、〇及s之環 雜原子的5-8員芳族環或非芳族環。各R*獨立地為氫或^ 情況經取代之脂族基、芳基、雜芳基或雜環基。 雜有」-Ο-之C3·6伸烧基鏈之實例包括例如_CH2〇cH2_ > -CH20(CH2)2- ^ -CH20(CH2)3- . -CH20(CH2)4- > .(CH2)2OCH2-、-(CH2)2〇(CH2)2-、-(CH2)2〇(CH2)3-、-(CH2)3〇(CH2)-、 -(CH2)3〇(CH2)2_及-(CH2)4〇(CH2)…「雜有」官能基之伸烷 ® 基鏈之實 ' -CH2Z(CH2)4- > -(CH2)2ZCH2- > -(CH2)2Z(CH2)2- . -(CH2)2Z(CH2)3- 、-(CH2)3Z(CH2)·、-(CH2)3Z(CH2)2-及 _(ch2)4Z(CH2)-,其 中z為上文所列之「雜入」官能基之一。 一般技術者將認識到,當具有雜入基團之伸烷基鏈連接 於官能基時,某些組合對於醫藥用途而言將不夠穩定。類 似地,T1與R2e或T2與R2d之某些組合對於醫藥用途而言將 Φ 不夠穩疋。僅穩定或化學上可行之化合物在本發明之範鳴 内。穩定或化學上可行之化合物為維持其完整性足夠久以 • 適用於對患者進行治療性或預防性投藥者。較佳地,當在 低於-70°C、低於-50°C、低於-2(TC、低於0〇c或低於20°c 之溫度下’在不存在水分或其他化學反應性條件之情況下 保存至少一週時,化學結構實質上無改變。 如本文所用之「經取代」意謂所指定部分之氫基經指定 取代基置換’限制條件為該取代產生穩定或化學上可行之 化合物。當關於所指定原子使用時,術語「可取代」意謂 143338.doc •15- 201024313 可經合適取代基置換之氫基連接於該原子。 如本文所用之短語「一或多個取代基」係指等於一至基 於可用鍵結位點之數目可能的取代基之最大數目的取代基 數目,限制條件為符合上述穩定性及化學可行性的條件。 除非另有說明,否則視情況經取代之基團可在基團之各可 取代位置具有取代基,且該等取代基可相同或不同。 如本文所用之術語「獨立地選自」意謂在單一化合物中 可對指定代號之多個實例選擇相同或不同值。 芳基(包括芳烧基、芳烧氧基、芳基氧基烷基及其類似 · 基團之芳基部分)或雜芳基(包括雜芳烷基及雜芳烷氧基及 其類似基團之雜芳基部分)可含有一或多個取代基。芳基 或雜芳基之不飽和碳原子上之合適取代基的非限制性實例 包括鹵基、-N〇2、-CN、-R*、_C(R*) = C(R*)2、-C = C-R* 、-OR*、-SR0、-S(0)R0、_S02R0、-S03R*、_S02N(R+)2 、-N(R+)2、-NR+C(0)R*、-NR+C(0)N(R+)2、-N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)2 、-N(R+)C(=NR+)-R0、-NR+C02R〇、-NR+S02R〇、-NR+S02N(R+)2 、-0-C(0)R*、-0-C02R*、-OC(0)N(R+)2、-C(0)R*、-C02R* ® 、-C(0)-C(0)R*、-C(0)N(R+)2、-C(0)N(R+)-0R*、-C(0)N(R+) C(=NR+)-N(R+)2、-N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)-C(〇)R*、-C(=NR+)-N(R+)2、-C(=NR+)-OR*、-N(R+)-N(R+)2、-C(=NR+)-N(R+)-OR*、-C(R°)=N-OR*、-P(0)(R*)2、-P(0)(0R*)2、-O-P(0)-OR*及-P(0)(NR+)-N(R+)2,其中R°為視情況經取代之 脂族基、芳基或雜芳基,且R+及R*係如上文所定義,或兩 個相鄰取代基連同其間之原子一起形成具有0-3個選自由 143338.doc -16· 201024313 子的5至6員不飽和或部分不飽和 N ' Ο及S組成之群之環原 玉衣0 脂族基或非芳族雜環可經-或多個取代基取代。脂族基 或非芳族雜環之飽和碳上之合適取代基的實例包括(但不 限於)上文關於芳基或雜芳基之不飽和碳所列出者及以下: 0 s、-c(r*)2、=n-n(r*)2、=N_〇R*、=n nhc⑼R* 、=n-nhco2r。、=N-NHS02R4=n_r 係如上文所定義。 其中R*及R。各自
雜芳基或非芳族雜環之可取代氮原子上之合適取代基包 括(但不限於 C ⑼ R*、-C(〇)CH2C(0)R*、_s〇2R*、_s〇2N(R*)2、 -c(=s)n(r*)2、-C(=NH)_N(R*)2& _NR*s〇2R* ;其中各r* 係如上文所定義。雜芳基或非芳族雜環之環氮原子亦可經 氧化以形成相應N-羥基或N_氧化物化合物◊該種具有氧化 環氮原子之雜芳基之一非限制性實例為N_伸氧吼啶基。 本文中使用之術語「約」意謂大約、在範圍内、大致或 左右。當結合數值範圍使用術語「約」時,其藉由使所闡 明數值之界限上下擴展來修訂該範圍。一般而言,本文中 使用術語「約」來修訂數值至所述數值上方及下方1〇%的 偏差。 如本文所用之術語「包含」意謂「包括(但不限於)」。 熟習此項技術者將明瞭,本發明之某些化合物可以互變 異構體形式存在,化合物之所有該等互變異構形式均在本 發明之範疇内。除非另有說明,否則本文所述之結構亦意 143338.doc -17· 201024313 匕括所有4何(或構形)異構體,亦即(z 體及(Z)及⑻構形異構體,以及結構之所有立構 式;亦即各不對稱中心的構型11化子形 > „ 苒尘因此,本發明化合物 ::-立體化學異構體以及對映異構及非對映異構混合物 _ 可内"混合物中相對於另-立體異構體 富含-種立體異構體時,該混合物可含有例如至少鄕、 75%、9〇%、99%或99 5%之對映異構體過量。 除非另有說明’ ^則本文所述之結構亦意欲包括僅因存 在或多個同位素富集原?而不同之化合物。舉例而言, 除氫經氘或氚置換,或碳原子經〗3匕或】4^富集碳置換以 外,具有本發明結構之化合物均在本發明之範疇内。
在式⑴化合物中,代號P為氫或胺基封端部分。胺基封 端部分之非限制性實例可見於p.GM Wuts&T W
Greene s Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis、% η 版)John Wiley & Sons,NJ (2〇〇7)令,且包括例如醯基磺 酿基、氧醯基及胺醯基。 在一些實施例中 ’ p 為 Rc_C(〇)_、Rc_〇_C(〇)_、RC_ N(R4c)_c(〇)-、Rc_s(〇)2-或 Rc_N(R4>s(〇)2_,其中 RC係選 自由C!-6脂族基、C].6氟脂族基、_RD、_丁1_^〇及_Tl_R2c組 成之群’且代號T1、RD、R2e及R4e具有下文描述之值。 代號R4c為氫、Cm烷基、d.4氟烷基或C6-1()芳(Cw烷 基’其芳基部分經取代或未經取代。在一些實施例中, R為氫或C ! _4烧基。在某些特定實施例中,R4c為氫。 代號T1為經〇_2個獨立選擇之R3a或R3b取代的CU6伸烷基 143338.doc -18. 201024313 鏈,其中伸烷基鏈視情況雜有_C(R5)=C(R5)_、《_或_〇_。 各R3a獨立地選自由以下組成之群:_F、_〇H、_〇(Ci4烧 基)、-CN、-N(R4)2、-(:(0)((^.4烷基)、-C02H ' -COKCm 烷基)、-C(0)NH2及/(CO-NI^Ci·4烷基)。各R3b獨立地為 視情況經R3a或R7取代之Cl_3脂族基。各R7為經取代或未經 取代之芳族基。在一些實施例中,τι為Ci 4伸烷基鏈。 代號 R c為鹵基、-OR5、_SR6、_S(〇)R6、_S〇2r6、 ❹-so2N(R4)2 > -N(R4)2 ^ -NR4C(0)R5 > -NR4C(0)N(R4)2 . -NR4C〇2R6、_N(R4)S〇2R6、_n(r4)s〇2N(r4)2、〇 c⑴)R5、 -〇C(0)N(R4)2、-C(0)R5、-C02R5或-C(〇)N(R4)2,其中: 各R4獨立地為氫或視情況經取代之脂族基、芳基、雜芳 基或雜環基;或同一氮原子上之兩個R4連同氮原子一起形 成除該氮原子以外還具有〇_2個獨立地選自N、〇及s之環 雜原子的視情況經取代之4至8員雜環基環; 各R5獨立地為氫或視情況經取代之脂族基、芳基、雜芳 φ 基或雜環基;且 各R6獨立地為視情況經取代之脂族基、芳基或雜芳基。 代號R為經取代或未經取代之芳族環、雜環基環或環脂 族環’其中任一者視情況與經取代或未經取代之芳族環、 雜環基環或環脂族環稠合。RD中之各飽和環碳原子未經取 代,或經=0、Rd或R8d取代。RD中之各不飽和環碳原子未 峰代’或經Rd或R8d取代。RD中之各可取代環氮原子未經 取代或經以下取代:-C(0)R5、-C(0)N(R4)2、_c〇2R6、_SC>2R6 、-S〇2N(R4)2、Cm脂族基、經取代或未經取代 — V IV 〜16_1〇 方 -19· 143338.doc 201024313 基或C6-1G*(Cl_4)烷基,其芳基部分經取代或未經取代。 在一些實施例中,RD中之一或兩個飽和環碳原子係經 -〇取代’ R中之剩餘可取代之環碳原子經〇_2個Rd&〇_2個 R取代,且R中之各可取代環氮原子未經取代或經以下取 代.-C(0)R、_c(〇)N(R4)2、_c〇2R6、_s〇2r6、_s〇2N(R4)2 、Cm脂族基、經取代或未經取代之匕^芳基或芳(Ci 4) 烷基’其芳基部分經取代或未經取代。各Rd係獨立地選自 由以下組成之群:C!·6脂族基、Ci 6氟脂族基、鹵基、_Rid 、-R 、-T2H_T2-R2d ’其中代號 T2、Rld、R21R8d 具 有下文描述之值β Τ為經0-2個獨立選擇之R3a*R3b取代的Cl 6伸烷基鏈, 其中該伸烧基鍵視情況雜有_C(R5) = c(R5)-、-C = C-或-Ο-。 代號尺33及R3b具有上文所述之值。 各Rld獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、雜 環基或環脂族環。 各 112<1獨立地為-N02、-CN、-C(R5)=C(R5)2、-OC-R5、-OR5 、-SR6、-S(0)R6、-S02R6、-S02N(R4)2、-N(R4)2、-NR4C(0)R5 、-nr4c(o)n(r4)2、-N(R4)C(=NR4)-N(R4)2、-N(R4)C(=NR4)-R6 、-nr4co2r6、-n(r4)so2r6、-n(r4)so2n(r4)2、-o-c(o)r5 、-oc(o)n(r4)2、-c(o)r5、-co2r5、-C(0)N(R4)2、 -c(o)n(r4)-or5、-C(0)N(R4)C(=NR4)-N(R4)2、-N(R4)C(=NR4)-n(r4)-c(o)r5或-c(=nr4)-n(r4)2。 各尺“係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:d-4脂族基' Ci-4 氟脂族基、画基、-OH、-CKCw脂族基)、-NH2、-NHCCm 143338.doc -20- 201024313 脂族基)及-n(cN4脂族基)2。 在一些實施例中,RD為選自由以下組成之群之經取代或 未經取代之單環或雙環系統:呋喃基、噻吩基、吡嘻基、 異噁唑基、噁唑基、噻唑基、異噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑 基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、苯基、吡啶基、噠嗪基、嘧啶 基、°比嗪基、笨并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、苯并噁 唑基、笨并異噁唾基、笨并咪唑基、吲唑基、嘌呤基、萘 ^ 基、喹啉基、異喹啉基、4啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喏啉基、 呔嗪基、嗉啶基、四氫喹啉基、四氫異喹啉基、四氫喹喏 啉基及二氫苯并噁嗪基。在一些實施例中,rD為選自由以 下組成之群之經取代或未經取代之單環或雙環系統:苯 基、吼咬基、嘴咬基"比嗓基、萘基、苯并畔唾基、唾琳 基、異啥琳基、七若琳基、四氫㈣基、四氯異唾琳基、 四氫喹喏啉基及二氫苯并噁嗪基。 在些^施例中,RD中之一或兩個飽和環碳原子經^ 參*代’且RD中之剩餘可取代環碳原子經〇__Rd及㈡個R8d 取代,其中: W係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:CM旨族基、k 氟脂族基、鹵基、、_R2d、_T2_Rld及 _T2_R2d ; τ2為^經取代或經R3a或R3b取代之Ci3伸炫基鏈; 各R〗d獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、雜 環基或環脂族環;且 各心立地為 _or5、_sr6、_s(〇)r6、娜r6、s⑽ A 、娜4)2、_NR4c(〇)r5、擔⑼N(R4)2、_0_C(0)R5、 143338.doc -21 - 201024313 -OC(〇)N(R4)2、4(0^5、_c〇2r5或 _c(〇)n(r4)2。 在一些實施例中,代號Rd具有式_Q_RE,其中卩為_0、__ 或-CH2-,且妒為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、雜 環基或環脂族環。在一些實施例中,re為經取代或未經取 代之苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌啶基、哌嗪基或 嗎啉基環。 ~ 在一些實施例中,P具有式RC_C(〇)_,其中Ci 4烷 基、C!_4氟烷基或C6.IG芳(Ci·4)烷基,其芳基部分經取代或 未經取代。在某些該等實施例中,卩係選自由乙醯基、三 氟乙醯基及苯乙醢基組成之群。 在一些實施例中,P具有式rD_c(〇)_,其中妒為經取代 或未經取代之苯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、喹啉基或 喹喏啉基。在某些實施例中,p具有式rD_c(〇),其中rD 為經0-1個Rd及0-2個取代之苯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧 啶基、萘基 '喹啉基、喹喏啉基、苯并咪唑基或二氫苯并 噁嗪基。在某些特定實施例中,p具有式rD_c(〇)_,其中 R為經式-〇-RE之取代基取代之吡啶基、吡嗪基或嘧啶 基,且RE為經取代或未經取代之苯基。在某些其他特定實 施例中,P具有式rd_c(〇)_,其中rD為經式_〇_^之取代基 取代之苯基,且re為經取代或未經取代之n比啶基、π比嗪基 或。^咬基。 在一些其他實施例中,p具有式RC_S(V,其中rC為· rD 或T R ’其中τ為Ci_4伸烧基且rD為經〇]個…及〇_2個 R取代之苯基、吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、萘基、喹啉 143338.doc 201024313 基、喹喏啉基、苯并咪唑基或二氫笨并噁嗪基。在一些實 施例中,Ρ具有式rd_s〇2_,其中經取代或未經取代之 苯基比咬基、D比.基、鳴咬基、啥淋基或噎⑥琳基。在 某些實施例中,p具有式rD_s〇2_,其中rD為經^個“及 0-2個R取代之苯基、吡啶基、吼嗪基、嘧啶基、萘基、
喹《、喹。若啉基、苯并咪唾基或二氫苯并噁嗪基。在某 二特疋實%例中,p具有式rd_s〇2_,其中rD為經式_〇_rE 之取代基取代H定基、D㈣基或㈣基,且#為經取代 或D未經取代之苯基。在某些其他特定實施例中,p具有式 R S〇2- ’其中RD為經式-〇-Re之取代基取代之苯基,且re 為經取代或未經取代之。比啶基、D比嗪基或嘧啶基。 代號Ral及各代號!^2獨立地為Ci6脂族基、氟脂族 基、-(CH2)„-CH2-RB、_(CH2)W-CH2-NHC(=NR4)NH-Y、 -(CH2)m-CH2-CON(R4)2 . -(CH2)m-CH2-N(R4)CON(R4)2 > -(ch2)w-ch(r6)n(r4)2、-(cha-c^rYors 或(CH2)m_ CH(R5)-SR5,其中代號尺4、R5及r6具有上文所述之值且 代號以及讲具有下文描述之值。 各R獨立地為經取代或未經取代之單雙或雙環系統。在 一些實施例中,各rb獨立地為經取代或未經取代之苯基、 °比啶基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、萘基、喹啉基、喹喏啉基 或異喹啉基環。在某些實施例中,RB為經取代或未經取代 之苯基環。 代號;《為o' 1或2。在一些實施例中,所為〇或1。 在一些實施例中,Ra]&Rd各自獨立地為Cy脂族基、 143338.doc -23· 201024313 C!-6氟脂族基或-(CH2)w_CH2-Rb,且切為^或!。在一些該等 實施例中,RB為經取代或未經取代之苯基。 在一些實施例中,Ral為Cb6脂族基、_(CH2)w_CH2Rb 或-(CHJ^CI^Cw炫基)-OH。在某些實施例中,Rai為苯 甲基。在其他某些實施例中,Ral為·CH2_CH(CH3) 〇H。 在一些實施例中,1132為Ci-6脂族基或_(CH山_Ch2rB。 在某些實施例中,Ra2為異丙基、苯曱基或苯乙基。 代號A為0、1或2。在一些實施例中,A為。在某些 實施例中,A為0。 在一些實施例中,本發明係關於特徵為式(I_A)之式⑴ 化合物:
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或_酸酐,其中各代號p、 ❹ R 、Ra2、A、Z1及Z2具有上文針對式⑴描述之值及較佳 值。 在某些實施例中,本發明係關於特徵為式(I_B)之式⑴之 化合物·· 143338.doc -24 - (/-5) 201024313
P
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或_酸酐,其中各代號P、Ra1、 Ra2、A、Z1及Z2具有上文針對式⑴描述之值及較佳值。 在某些特定實施例中,本發明係關於特徵為式(II)之式 (I)化合物: ❿
或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或蝴酸酐,其中各代號p、zl 及z2具有上文針對式⑴描述之值及較佳值。 參 在一些實施例中,本發明係關於式(11)化合物,其中P具 有式RD-C(〇)_,其中rd為經取代或未經取代之苯基、吼啶 基、。比嗪基、嘧啶基、喹啉基或喹喏啉基。在某些實施例 中,P具有式Rd-C(0)·,其中RD為經〇_h@r<^〇_2個R8d取 代的苯基"比唆基…比嗪基、哺咬基、萘基、啥琳基、啥 若琳基I并咪吐基或二氫苯并D惡唤基。在某些特定實施 例中’ P具有式RD_C⑼·,其中^為經式_〇_RE之取代基取 代=比咬基"比嗪基或喷咬基,且rE為經取代或未經取代 之本基在某些其他特定實施例中,p具有式⑼·, 143338.doc •25· 201024313 其中RD為經式-〇-re之取代基取代之苯基,且1^為經取代 或未經取代之吡啶基、η比嗪基或嘧啶基。 在一些其它實施例中,本發明係關於式(II)化合物,其 中Ρ具有式RC-SCV,其中-RD或-tLrD,其中Τ1為Q 4 伸烷基且RD為經0-1個Rd&〇-2個R8d取代的苯基、吡咬基、 。比嗪基、嘧啶基、萘基、喹啉基、喹喏啉基、苯并咪唑基 或二氫苯并噁嗪基。在一些實施例中,P具有式rD_s〇2_, 其中R為經取代或未經取代之苯基、咐咬基、β比嗪基、嘴 啶基、喹啉基或喹喏啉基。在某些實施例中,ρ具有式rD_ S〇2_,其中Rd為經0-1個Rd及〇_2個rW取代的苯基、吡啶 基、°比嗪基、°密咬基、萘基、唆琳基、哇喏琳基、苯并咪 唑基或二氫苯并噁嗪基。在某些特定實施例中,p具有式 RD-S〇2·,其中RD為經式-〇_Re之取代基取代之吡啶基吡 嗪基或嘧啶基,且RE為經取代或未經取代之苯基。在某些 其他特定實施例中,P具有式rD_s〇2_,其_rD為經式_〇_ RE之取代基取代之苯基,且RE為經取代或未經取代之吡啶 基、β比唤基或哺咬基。 式⑴化合物之代表性實例展示於表1中。 表1 :蛋白酶體抑制劑
2 143338.doc -26. 201024313
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上表1中之化合物亦可由以下化學名稱鑑別: 化合物 化學名稱 1 [(LR)-2-環丁基-1-({(25)-2-[(2-萘基磺醯基)胺基]-3-苯基丙醯基} 胺基)乙基1蝴酸 2 {(li?)_2·環丁基-1-1((25)_2-{[(2-苯氧基 β 比唆·3_ 基)幾基]胺基}_3_ 苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基}_酸 3 {(1Λ)-2-環丁基-l-[((2<S)-2-{[4-羥基-3-(嗎 <#-4-基曱基)苯曱醯基] 胺基}-3-笨基丙醯基)胺基]乙基丨國酸 4 [(1足4<S,75)-4-苯曱基-1-(環丁基曱基>9,9-二氧離子基-3,6-二側 氧基-10-苯基-7-(2-苯基乙基)-9-硫雜-2,5,8-三氮雜癸-1-基]關酸 5 Λ4(15>1-苯甲基-2-({(li?)-2-環丁基-14(335,45^,7^)-33,5,5-1 曱基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮_2_基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]-2,5-二氯苯曱醯胺 6 [(1幻-2-環丁基-1-({(25>2-[(2,5-二氣苯甲醯基)胺基]-3-苯基丙醯 基}胺基)乙基]S明酸 7 [(li〇-2-環丁基-1-({(25)-2-[(3-苯氧基苯曱醯基)胺基]-3-苯基丙 醯基}胺基)乙基]g朋酸 8 (25)-iV~{(l 及)-2-環丁基-1-[(335,4&65;7〇/?)-3^5,5-三曱基六氫-4,6_甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咪·2·基]乙基}-;2-{[(4-曱基-3,4·二氫-2丑-I,4·苯并噁嗓-7-基)績醯基]胺基}_3-苯基丙醯胺 9 Λ4(15)-1-苯曱基-ί·({(1/?)-2-環丁基-1-[(335,45,6\7£ΐΛ)-3&,5,5·三 曱基六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]-2-苯氧基於驗酿胺 10 ΛΓ-[(15>1-苯甲基-2-({(ΐπ)-2-環丁基-14(335,4^65,70^)-3^5,5-三 曱基六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]-4-羥基-3-(嗎啉-4·基甲基)苯甲醯胺 11 {(1/?)-2-環丁基-l-[((25>2-{[(6-苯氧基他啶-3-基)磺醯基]胺基}_ 3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基} _酸 143338.doc -32- 201024313 12 (25)善{(1斗2-環丁基-l_[(3aS^,45^,61S,7aΛ)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-曱橋-l,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}-2-[(2-萘基磺醯基)胺 基]_3_苯基丙醯胺 13 iV-[(l*S)-l-苯曱基-2-({(li?)-2-環丁基-l-[(3aS,4S,6S,7a/〇-3a,5,5^ 甲基六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]-3_苯氧基苯曱醯胺 14 尽[(15)-1-苯甲基-2-({(1 及)-2-環丁基-1-[(335,45;65;7〇/?)-3木5,5-三 甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]-2_苯基-li/-苯并味。坐-5-曱醯胺 15 (2S)-A4(1 及)-2·環丁基-l-[(3a1S^,4)S,6)S;7a/^)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-曱橋-l,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}-3-苯基-2-[('^比啶-3-基 磺醯基)胺基]丙醢胺 16 (25)-2-(乙醯胺基)苯甲基 _2-({(li?)-2-環丁基-1· [(33^,415,615,7沾)-3屯5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼 咮-2-基]乙基}胺基)·2-側氧基乙基]-4-苯基丁醯胺 17 [(1外2-環丁基-1-({(25>3·苯基-2·[卜比嗪-2-基羰基)胺基]丙醯 基}胺基)乙基]蝴酸 18 {(1^-2-環丁基_1-[((2办3-苯基-2-{[(2-苯基-1//-苯并咪唑-6-基) 羰基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]乙基}_酸 19 iV-[(15)-l-苯甲基-2-({(li?)-2-環丁基-1-[(33^,4^,65;7^)-3木5,5-三 甲基六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 基乙基]·2-{[3·(三氟曱基)苯基]胺基丨終驗醯胺 20 {(li?)-2-環丁基-l-[((ZS>2-{[(4-曱基-3,4-二氫·2//-l,4-苯并噁嗪-6-基)績醯基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基测酸 21 (25)-Λ4(15>1-苯曱基-2-({(1Λ)·2-環丁基-l-[(3a5,4S,6^,7a/?)· 3a,5,5-三甲基六氫·4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咪-2-基]乙基}胺 基)-2-側氧基乙基]-2-[(苯甲基續醯基)胺基1_4_茉某丁醯胺 22 {(1及)-1 - [((25)-2- {[(2*S>2-(乙醯胺基)-4-苯基丁酿基]胺基}-3-笨 基丙醯基)胺基]-2-環丁基乙基}麵酸 23 {(1办2-環丁基-1-[((2S>3·苯基-2-{[(2_{[3_(三氟甲基)苯基]胺 基}吡咬_3_基)羰基]胺基}丙醢基)胺基]乙基丨酬醴 24 (2*S)-7V-{(li?)-2-環丁基6<S,7a/?)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋·1,3,2_苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}-2-{[(6-苯氧基°比咬-3-基)確醯基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯胺 25 (R)-2-環丁基-l-((2S,3S)-3-經基-2-(6-苯基比咬甲醯胺基)丁醢胺 基)乙基i朋酸 26 (R)-2-環丁基-l-((2S,3S)-3-經基-2-(°比嗪-2-甲酿胺基)丁醯胺基) 乙基S朋酸 143338.doc -33- 201024313 27 (R)-2-環丁基-l-((S)-3_(4-曱基苯曱醯胺基)-2-(6-苯基。比啶甲醯 胺基)丙醯胺基)乙基蝴酸 28 (R)-2-環丁基-l-((S)-3-(4-曱基苯甲醯胺基)-2-(吡嗪-2-曱醯胺基) 丙醯胺基)乙基晒酸 29 ((1办2-環丁基-1-{[(25>3-苯基-2-({[3-(吼啶-2-基羰基)苯基]磺 醯基}胺基)丙醯基]胺基}乙基)關酸 30 {(1Λ)-2_環丁基-1-[((25)-2-{[(1-甲基-1乐吲哚-4-基)磺醯龛]胺 基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基}_酸 31 {(1/?)-2-環丁基·1-[((25)-2-{[(6-嗎啉-4-基吡啶-3-基)磺醯基]胺 基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基}_酸 32 {(LR)-l-[((25)-2-{[(6-氯-3-侧氧基-3,4-二氫-2//-l,4-笨并噁嗪-7-基)石黃醯基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]-2-環丁基乙基}g朋酸 34 {(I/?)-2-環丁基-1-[((25)-3-苯基-2_{[(3-{[5_(三氟甲基)吡啶·2-基] 氧基}笨基)續醯基]胺基}丙醯基)胺基]乙基}酬酸 35 {(li?)_2-環丁基-1-[((25)-2-{[(2,5·二氣苯基)續醯基]胺基}-3-苯基 丙醯基)胺基]乙基}關酸 36 ((LR)-2-環丁基-1-{[(25>2-({[4-(1,3-噁唑-5-基)苯基]磺醯基}胺 基)-3·苯基丙醯基]胺基}乙基)g明酸 37 {(1/?)-2-環丁基-1-[((25>2-{[(4_ 曱基-3,4-二氫苯并噁嗪-6-基)幾基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基1乙基}S明酸 38 {(LR)-2-環丁基-l-[((2S>2-{[(2,5-二氟苯基)續醯基]胺基}·3-苯基 丙醯基)胺基]乙基}_酸 39 {(li?)-2-環丁基-1-[((25)-2-{[(6-苯氧基吼啶-3-基)幾基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基}ί朋酸 40 {(LR)-2-環丁基-l-[((2S)-2-{[(l-曱基-2-側氧基-2,3-二氫-1 从吲 °朵-5-基)績酿基]胺基}-3_苯基丙酿基)胺基]乙基}_酸 41 ((1/0-2-環丁基·1-{[(25>3-苯基-2-({[4-(吼啶-2-基氧基)苯基]磺 醯基}胺基)丙醯基]胺基}乙基)蝴酸 42 {(1Λ)-2-環丁基-1-[((25)-3·羥基-2-{[(6-苯氧基吡啶-3-基)續醯基] 胺基} 丁醯基)胺基]乙基}關酸 43 ((1处2-環丁基-1-{[(2S>3-襄基-2-({[4-(吡啶-4-基氧基 醯基}胺基)丙醯基]胺基}乙基)闊酸 44 ((1外2-環丁基-l-{[(2S)-2-({[3-(2-甲基-l,3-噻唑 _4·基)苯 基}胺基)-3-苯基丙醯基]胺基}乙基)國酸 45 ((1 i?)·2·環丁基-1 · {[(ZS)·3 -苯基 _2_( {[4_( u比咬·3 -基氧基)苯基]項 醯基}胺基)丙醯基]胺基}乙基)S明酸 46 {(1/0-2-環丁基-1-[((25>3-ϋ^_{[(4-曱基-3,4-二氫 并噁嗪-6-基)續醯基]胺基} 丁醯基)胺基]乙基}關酸 143338.doc -34- 201024313 47 [(1/?)_2-環丁基-1-({(2S>2_[(異喹啉_5-基磺醯基)胺基]_3·苯基丙 醢基}胺基)乙基]關酸 48 [(l/〇-l-({(ZS>2-[(l,3-苯并噻唑·6_基磺醯基)胺基]_3_苯基丙醯 基}胺基)-2·環丁基乙基]S朋酸 如本文所用之術語「國酸」係指含有_B(0H)2部分之化 合物。在一些實施例中,g明酸化合物可藉由_酸部分之脫 水作用形成券聚酸針。舉例而言,Snyder等人,·/. dm. C/zem. Soc· 80:3611 (1958)報導寡聚芳基蝴酸。 如本文所用之術語「蝴酸if」係指藉由兩個或兩個以上 酉朋酸化合物分子失去一或多個水分子而組合形成的化合 物。當與水混合時’蝴酸酐化合物水合釋放游離園酸化合 物。在各種實施例中’ S朋酸酐可包含兩個、三個、四個或 更多個晒酸單元’且可具有環狀或線性構型。本發明肽蝴 酸化合物之券聚晒酸酐之非限制性實例說明如下: 魯
⑴ w
(2) 在式(1)及(2)中,代號η為〇至約1〇之整數,較佳為〇、 1、2、3或4。在-些實施例中,蝴酸酐化合物包含式⑺之 環狀三聚體(「烧基棚氧燒」),其中4 i。代號W具有式 (3): 143338.doc -35 - (3) 201024313
其中代號P、及V2具有上文針對式⑴所述之值及較 佳值。 在一些實施例中’蝴酸肝化合物中所存在關酸之至少 祕以單-募聚酸酐形式存在。在_些實施例中,蝴酸肝 =合物中所存在_酸之至少85%、㈣、或99%以單一 募聚酸酐形式存在。在某些較佳實施例中,_酸酐化合物 由具有式(3)之烧基蝴氧炫組成,或基本上由具有式⑺之 烷基硼氧烷組成。 關酸if化合物較佳可由沐日庙Rbb私_ 相應_酸错由曝露於脫水條件 (包括但不限於再結晶、冷;東乾燥)、曝露於熱及/或曝露於 乾無劑來製備。合適再結晶溶劑之非限制性實例包括乙酸 乙6曰、二氣甲烧、己烷、乙趟、乙腈、乙醇及其混合物。 在一些實施例中、Z,及z2-起形成衍生請酸錯合劑之 部分。出於本發明之目& _ Γ v 的術语_酸錯合劑」係指具有 至少兩個官能基,且各官萨 令 -物。人…u 成共價鍵之任何化 A。在二 非限制性實例包括胺基、經基及幾 : ☆實施例中,至少__個官能基為 生自_酸錯合劑之部分」係指藉由 =何 能基移除氫原子所形成的部分。 -錯口劑之兩個官 如本文所用之術語「_酸⑽ e ester)」及「g明酸 I43338.doc • 36 - 201024313 醋(b〇r〇nic esier)」可互換使用且係指含有娜】)(约部分 之化合物’其令z〗或Z2中之至少—者為烷氧基、芳烷氧基 或方氧基,·或起形成舒生自具有至少一個經基之 蝴酸錯合劑的部分。 在式⑴、σ-Α)、㈣及(11)之化合物中,ζ^ζ2各自獨 立地為經基、炫氧基、芳氧基或芳垸氧基,·或以Z2-起 形成衍生自蝴酸錯合劑的部分。在一些實施例中,… ^自為祕。在-些其他實施财,ζ^2—起形成衍生 自鏈«中具有至少兩個由至少兩個連接原子隔開之經基 之化合物的部分,該鏈或環包含石炭原子且視情況包含一或 多個可為N、S或0之雜原子,其中在各狀況下與料接之 原子為氧原子。 ❹ 且=本文所用之術語「具有至少兩個經基之化合物」係指 八有兩個或兩個以上經基之任何化合物。出於本發明之目 ^兩_基較佳由至少兩個連接原子,較佳約2至約⑽ 連接原子,更佳如個連接原子隔開。為枝起見,術語 個^基化合物」可用於指代如上文所定義之具有至少兩 土的化合物。因此’如本文所用之術語「二經基化合 物」不欲限於僅具有兩個經基的化合物。衍生自具有至少 Γ::::化::的部分可藉由其中任意兩_基之氧原 Λ 地’蝴原子、與侧連接之氧原子及連接 該兩個氧原子之原子-起形成5或6員環。 出於本發明之目的’蝴酸錯合劑較佳為醫藥學上可接受 、亦Ρ «適才又與人類。在一些較佳實施例中,蝴酸錯合 143338.doc •37- 201024313 劑為糖,如例如Plamond〇n等人之w〇 02/059131及Gupta等 人之WO 02/059130中所描述。術語「糖」包括任何多羥基 碳水化物部分,包括單醣、雙醣、多醣、糖醇及胺基糖。 在一些實施例中,糖為單醣、雙醣、糖醇或胺基糖。合適 糖之非限制性實例包括葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、海藻糖、甘 露糖醇、山梨糖酵、葡糖胺及N-甲基葡糖胺。在某些實施 例中,糖為甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇。因此,在糖為甘露糖醇 或山梨糖醇之實施例中,Z〗及Z2—起形成式C0H12〇6之部 分,其中兩個去質子化羥基之氧原子與硼形成共價連接以 ❿ 形成S朋酸酯化合物。在某些特定實施例中,Z1及z2 一起形 成少f生自D -甘露糖醇之部分。 在些其匕較佳實施例中,如例如Elliott等人於2009年6 月16日申請之1;.8.12/485,344中所述,圃酸錯合劑為01_羥 基羧酸或β-羥基羧酸。在一些該等實施例中,_酸錯合劑 係選自由以下組成之群:乙酵酸、蘋果酸、六氫扁桃酸、 擰檬酸、2-羥基異丁酸、3_羥基丁酸、扁桃酸、乳酸、2_ 羥基-3,3-二曱基丁酸、2_羥基_3-甲基丁酸、2_羥基異己 ❹ 酸、β-羥基異戊酸、水揚酸、酒石酸、二苯基乙醇酸、葡 糖庚酸、葡萄糖酸、乳糖酸、半乳糖二酸、亞甲基雙羥萘 酸、1-羥基-2-萘甲酸及3_羥基_2_萘甲酸。在某些該等實施 例中’ I明酸錯合劑為檸檬酸。 通用合成方法 式⑴之化合物可藉由一般技術者已知之方法製備。參見 例如Adams等人之美國專利第5,78〇,454號;卩丨叭⑴呂⑴等 143338.doc -38- 201024313 人之國際專利公開案WO 2005/097809。本發明N-醯基、肽 基_酸化合物(P=Re-C(〇)_)之一例示性合成路徑闡述於下 文流程1中。 流程1 :
使化合物i與N-經保護之胺基酸⑴)偶合,隨後脫除n末 端之保護基’形成化合物iii。合適保護基(pG)的實例包括 (但不限於):醯基保護基,例如甲醢基、乙醯基(Ac)、玻 ί白醯基(Sue)及甲氧基號珀醯基;及胺基甲酸酯保護基,例 ⑩ 如第二丁氧麥厌基(B〇c)、苯甲氧幾基(Cbz)及第基曱氧幾基 (Fmoc)。肽偶合反應可藉由先將化合物^之羧酸部分轉化 為活化酯(例如0-(N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺)酯),隨後以化合物i 處理來進行。或者,可藉由使羧酸與肽偶合試劑接觸來現 場產生活化酯。合適肽偶合試劑的實例包括(但不限於): 碳化二亞胺試劑,例如二環己基碳化二亞胺⑴CC)或1-(3· 二曱胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺(EDC);鱗試劑,例如六 氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基氧基三(二甲胺基)鱗(B〇p);及鎳試 143338.doc -39- 201024313 劑,例如四氟酬酸0-(1Η-苯并三唑-1-基四曱 基錁(TBTU)。 隨後使化合物iii與羧酸(ReC02H)偶合得到化合物iv。上 述用於化合物i與化合物ii之偶合之肽偶合條件亦適用於偶 合化合物出與ReC02H。隨後,脫除_酸部分之保護基得 到化合物v。較佳藉由在包含I朋酸醋化合物iv、有機麵酸 受體、低碳烷醇、C5_8烴溶劑及無機酸水溶液之兩相混合 物中進行酯基轉移反應完成保護基脫除步驟。 流程2 : rcco2h
OPG
Rc
V ?H ν,ΒΌΗ\3 1. 肽偶合條件 -► 2. 保護基脫除 i-BuB(OH)2, aq HC1 MeOH/己炫 室溫
或者,如流程2所示,逆轉偶合反應之順序。因此,首 先使Ο-經保護之甘胺酸(vi)與經取代之苯甲酸(ArC02H)偶 合,隨後進行醋水解以形成化合物vii。隨後,如上文關於 流程1所述完成與化合物i之偶合及_酸保護基脫除以得到 化合物v。 143338.doc -40- 201024313 製備本發明之N_磺醯基_肽基_酸化合物(p=Re_s(〇)2_) 之一例示性合成路徑闡述於下文流程3中: 流程3 : CF3CO2 h3n S3 CH3 七ch3 ch3 CH, 叹L肽偶合條件 2.保護基脫除 rcso2ci, dipea, thf ❹
CHS /-BuB(OH)2, aq HC1 MeOH/己燒 室溫 H3。◊八·〇 \3 在鹼(諸如二異丙基乙胺)存在下用磺醯氣處理如上文關 於流程1所述製備之化合物m以得到化合物vi。隨後,如 上文關於流程1所述完成《部分之保縣脫除以得到化 合物Wi。亦可以類似於流程2之方式逆轉製備化合物νΗ之 反應順序。 參 用途、調配物及投藥 本發明提供作為蛋白_之有效抑制劑的化合物。可在 活體外或活體⑽U等化合物抑制蛋白酶體介導之狀水 解或蛋白質降解的能力。 因此,在另一態樣中,本發明提 风供一種抑制細胞中蛋白 酶體之一或多種肽酶活性的方法 ,„ 次其包含使需要蛋白酶體 抑制之細胞與本文所述之化人鉍 ^化口物或其醫藥學上可接受 鹽、S朋酸酯或賴酸酐相接觸。 143338.doc •41 201024313 本發明亦提供一種抑制細胞增殖的方法,其包含使需要 此抑制之細胞與本文所述之化合物相接觸。短語「抑制細 胞增殖」用來表示與未接觸抑制劑之細胞相比,本發明化 合物抑制接觸細胞之細胞數目及細胞生長的能力。可藉由 使用細胞計數器計數細胞或藉由細胞生存力檢定(例如 MTT或WST檢定)來評估細胞增殖。當細胞處於實體生長 (例如實體腫瘤或器宫)中時,可藉由例如以測徑規量測生 長,並比較接觸細胞與未接觸細胞之生長尺寸來進行細胞 增殖之該種評估。 較佳地,與未接觸細胞的生長相比,與抑制劑撿觸之細 胞的生長延緩至少約50%'在各種實施例中,與未接觸細 胞相比,接觸細胞之細胞增殖受抑制達至少約75%、至少 約90%或至少約95%»在一些實施例中’短語「抑制細胞 增殖」包括與未接觸細胞相比,接觸細胞之數目減少。因 此,抑制接觸細胞之細胞增殖的蛋白酶體抑制劑可誘導接 觸細胞經歷生長延缓、經歷生長停滞、經歷漸進式細胞死 亡(亦即凋亡)或經歷壞死性細胞死亡。 在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含式 (I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或關酸酐,及醫藥學上 可接受之載劑。 若在該等組合物中使用本發明化合物之醫藥學上可接受 之鹽,則該鹽較佳衍生自無機或有機酸或鹼。關於合適鹽 之回顧’參見例如Berge等人,j w 66:119 (191 乃反 Remington: The Science and 〇fpharmacy 143338.doc -42· 201024313 第 20版,A· Gennaro編,Uppinc〇u WilHams & Wilkins, 2000 〇 合適酸加成鹽之非限制性實例包括以下:乙酸鹽、己二 酸鹽、海藻酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯曱酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、硫 酸氫鹽、丁酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、環 戊烷丙酸鹽、二葡萄糖酸鹽、月桂基硫酸鹽、乙烷磺酸 鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡糖庚酸鹽(lucoheptanoate)、甘油磷
酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽 '己酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、 氫碘酸鹽、2-羥基乙烷磺酸鹽、乳酸鹽、順丁烯二酸、甲 烷碩酸鹽、2·萘磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、草酸鹽、雙羥萘酸 鹽、果膠酸鹽、過硫酸鹽、3_苯基-丙酸鹽、苦酸鹽、特戊 酸鹽、丙酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、甲苯磺 酸鹽及十一烷酸鹽。 合適鹼加成鹽包括(但不限於):銨鹽;鹼金屬鹽,諸如 鋰鹽、鈉鹽及鉀鹽;鹼土金屬鹽,諸如鈣鹽及鎂鹽;其他 多價金屬鹽,諸如鋅鹽;與諸如二環己胺、N_甲基_d_葡 糖胺、第三丁胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺及膽驗之有機驗形成之 鹽;以及與諸如精胺酸、離胺酸之胺基酸形成之鹽,等 等。在-些實施例中’冑藥學上可接受之鹽為式⑴之蝴酸 化合物的鹼加成鹽,其中ζι及Z2均為羥基。 ,如本文所用之術語「醫藥學上可接受之載劑」係指與接 受個體(較佳為哺乳動物’更佳為人類)相容且合適向目標 ^位傳遞活性劑而不終止藥劑活性的物質。與載劑相關之 毋性或不良作用(若存在)較佳與合理的活性劑預定用途之 143338.doc -43- 201024313 風險/效益比相稱。
術語「載劑」、「助劑」或「媒劑」在本文中可互換使 用’且包括合適於特定所要劑型之任何及所有溶劑、稀釋 劑及其他液體媒劑、分散劑或分散助劑、表面活性劑、pH 值調節劑、等張劑、增稠劑或乳化劑、防腐劑、固體黏合 劑肩滑劑及其類似物。W ^ 參 ❹ of Pharmacy,β2〇Μ > A. Gennaro.^ , Lippincott Williams & Wllklns’ 2〇〇〇揭示了用於調配醫藥學上可接受 之組合物之各種載劑及其已知製備技術。除非任何習知載 劑介質均不與本發明化合物相容,諸如因產生任何不合意 生物作用,或另外與醫藥學上可接受之組合物的任何其^ 組份以有害方式相互作用,否則預期其使用在本發明之範 疇内。可充當醫藥學上可接受之載劑之物質的一些實例包 但不限於):離子交換劑;氧化銘;硬脂酸銘;印磷 月曰,血α蛋白質,諸如人類血清白蛋白;緩衝物質,諸如 碟酸鹽、碳酸鹽、氫氧化鎂及氫氧化銘、甘胺酸、山梨酸 或山梨酸鉀·,飽和植物脂肪酸之偏甘油酯混合物;水;無 熱原質水;鹽或電解質,諸如硫酸魚精蛋白、磷酸氫二 鈉、磷酸氫鉀、氣化鈉及辞鹽;膠態二氧化矽;三矽酸 鎂;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;聚丙烯酸酯;蠟;聚乙烯-聚氧= 烯封端聚合物·’羊毛脂;糖,諸如乳糖、葡萄糖、嚴糖及 甘露糖醇;殿粉,諸如玉米澱粉及馬鈴薯救粉;纖維素及 其衍生物,諸如It曱基,纖維素納、乙基纖維素及乙酸纖維 素,粉狀黃芪膠;麥芽;明膠;滑石粉;賦形劑,諸如可 H3338.doc • 44 - 201024313 可脂及栓劑蠟;油,諸如花生油、棉籽油、紅花油、芝麻 油、撖欖油、玉米油及大豆油;二醇,諸如丙二醇及聚乙 二醇;酯,諸如油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;瓊脂;褐藻酸; 4張鹽水,任氏溶液(Ringer,s s〇luti〇n);醇諸如乙醇、 異丙醇、十六烷醇及甘油;環糊精,諸如羥丙基·β_環糊精 .及確丁基喊·β-環糊精;潤滑劑,諸如月桂基硫酸鈉及硬脂 酸鎂;石油烴,諸如礦物油及石蠟脂。著色劑、釋放劑、 ❹、塗布劑、甜味劑、調味劑及芳香劑、防腐劑及抗氧化劑亦 可根據調配者之判斷存在於組合物中。 本發明之醫藥組合物可藉由此項技術中熟知之方法製 造,尤其諸如習知粒化、混合、溶解、囊封、凍乾或乳化 方法。組合物可以各種形式產生,包括顆粒、沈澱物或微 粒粉末(包括凍乾粉末、旋轉乾燥粉末或喷霧乾燥粉 末)、非晶形粉末、錠劑、膠囊、糖漿、栓劑、注射劑、 乳液、酏劑、懸浮液或溶液。 ❹ 根據一較佳實施例,本發明組合物經調配以供醫藥投與 至哺礼動物,較佳人類。本發明之該等醫藥組合·物可經 口、非經腸、藉由吸入噴霧、局部、直勝、經鼻、經頻' 陰道或經由植入式貯器投與。如本文所用之術語「非經 腸」包括皮下、靜脈内、肌肉内、關節内、滑膜内、胸骨 内、鞘内、肝内、病灶内及顱内注射或輸注技術。較佳 地,該等組合物係經口、靜脈内或皮下投與。本發明調配 物可設計為短效、快速釋放或長效調配物。更進一步,化 合物可以局部而非全身方式投與,諸如在腫瘤部位(例如 143338.doc -45- 201024313 藉由注射)投與。 用於經口投藥之液體劑型包括(但不限於)醫藥學上可接 受之乳液、微乳液、溶液、懸浮液、糖漿及酏劑。除活性 化合物外,液體劑型還可含有此項技術中常用之惰性稀釋 劑’諸如水或其他溶劑;增溶劑及乳化劑,諸如乙醇、異 丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯曱醇、苯曱酸苯甲酯、丙 二醇、1,3-丁二醇、環糊精、二甲基甲醯胺;油(尤其為棉 籽油、落化生油、玉米油、胚芽油、撖欖油、蓖麻油及芝
麻油);甘油;四氫糠醇;聚乙二醇及脫水山梨糖醇之脂 肪酸酯,及其混合物。除惰性稀釋劑外,經口組合物亦可 包括佐劑,諸如潤濕劑、乳化劑及懸浮劑、甜味劑、調味 劑及芳香劑。
可根據已知技術使用合適分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑來 配注射製劑,例如無菌注射水溶液或油性懸浮液。無菌 射製劑亦可為非經腸可接受之無毒稀釋劑或溶劑中之無 注射溶液、懸浮液或乳液,例如為以·丁二醇中之溶液 可使用之可接受媒劑及溶劑為水、任氏溶液、U.S.P.及 張氣化納溶液。此外,通常使用無菌不揮發性油作為溶 或懸浮介質。為此目的,可使用任何溫和不揮發性油, 括合成單酸甘油酯或二酸甘油酯。此外,在注射劑製備 ,用脂肪酸’諸如油酸。可對注射調配物進行滅菌,例 藉由、4由留菌過遽器過濾、,或藉由併人呈無菌固體級人 形式之滅g劑,其可在使用前溶解或分散於㈣水或 無菌注射介質中。調配供非經腸投藥之組合物可藉由快 143338.doc -46 - 201024313 /主射或定時推注注射,或可藉由連續輸注投與。 供經口投藥之固體劑型包括膠囊、錠劑、丸劑、散劑及 顆粒。在該等固體劑型中,活性化合物與至少一種以下混 °省藥學上可接受之惰性賦形劑或載劑,諸如檸檬酸鈉 或鱗酸—|弓’及/或a)填充劑或增量劑,諸如殿粉、乳糖、 蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖醇及矽酸;b)黏合劑,諸如羧甲基 纖維素、海藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、蔗糖及阿拉 伯膠;c)保濕劑,諸如甘油;d)崩解劑,諸如瓊脂-瓊脂、 奴酸鈣、馬鈐薯或木薯澱粉、海藻酸、某些矽酸鹽及碳酸 鈉,e)溶解延遲劑,諸如石蠟;f)吸收促進劑,諸如四級 銨化合物;g)潤濕劑,諸如十六烷醇及單硬脂酸甘油酯; h)吸收劑,諸如高嶺土及膨潤土;及〇潤滑劑,諸如滑石 粉、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、固態聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸鈉 及其混合物。在膠囊、錠劑及丸劑之情況下’劑型亦可包 含緩衝劑’諸如磷酸鹽或碳酸鹽。 φ 亦可使用相似類型之固體組合物作為使用諸如乳糖 (lactose或milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇及其類似物之 賦形劑之軟質及硬質填充明膠膠囊中的填充劑。可用諸如 腸溶衣及醫藥調配技術中熟知之其他包衣之包衣及殼來製 備錠劑、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、丸劑及顆粒的固體劑型。其可 視情況含有遮光劑’且亦可具有僅在或優先在腸道某一部 分釋放或視情況以延遲方式釋放活性成份的組成。可使用 之包埋組合物的實例包括聚合物及蝶。亦可使用相似類型 之固體組哈物作為使用諸如乳糖(丨肛比“或以化sugar)以及 143338.doc 47- 201024313 高分子量聚乙二醇及其類似物之賦形劑之軟質及硬質填充 明膠膠囊中的填充劑。 活性化合物亦可用一或多種上述賦形劑製備為微囊封形 式。可用諸如腸溶衣、釋放控制包衣及醫藥調配技術中熟 知之其他包衣之包衣及殼來製備錠劑、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、 丸劑及顆粒的固體劑型。在該等固體劑型中,活性化合物 可與至少一種諸如嚴糖、乳糖或澱粉之惰性稀釋劑混合。 正常實施時’該等劑型亦可包含除惰性稀釋劑之外的其他 物質,例如壓片潤滑劑以及其他壓片助劑,諸如硬脂酸鎂 ⑩ 及微晶纖維素。在膠囊、錠劑及丸劑之情況下,該等劑型 亦可包含緩衝劑。其可視情況含有遮光劑,且亦可具有僅 在或優先在腸道某一部分釋放或視情況以延遲方式釋放活 性成份的組成。可使用之包埋組合物的實例包括聚合物及 蠟。 供局部或經皮投與本發明化合物之劑型包括軟膏、糊 劑、乳霜、洗劑、凝膠、散劑、溶液、喷霧、吸入劑或貼 片。在無菌條件下將活性組份與醫藥學上可接受之載劑及 瘳 任何所需防腐劑或緩衝劑按要求混合。亦預期眼用調配 物、滴耳劑及滴眼劑處於本發明之範相。此外,本發日月 · 涵蓋使用經皮貼片,其具有提供化合物向身體之控制傳% 的額外優點。該等劑型可藉由將化合物溶解或分散於適當 "質中來製備。亦可使用吸收增進劑來增加化合物穿過皮 膚之抓量。速率可藉由提供速率控制膜或將化合物分散於 聚合物基質或凝膠中來控制。 143338.doc •48- 201024313 在一些實施例中,式(i)化合物係經靜脈内投與。在一些 該等實施例中,如全文以引用的方式併入本文中之
Plamondon等人之WO 02/059131中所述,Ζ1及Ζ2—起形成 衍生自蝴酸錯合劑之部分的式(I)化合物可以》東乾粉末形式 製備。在一些實施例中’凍乾粉末亦包含游離綳酸錯合 劑。較佳地,游離蝴酸錯合劑及式⑴化合物係以約〇 5:1至 約100:1、更佳約5:1至約100:1範圍内之莫耳比存在於混合 ❹ 物中。在各種實施例中,凍乾粉末包含莫耳比在約10:1至 約100:1、約20:1至約100:1或約40:丨至1〇〇:1範圍内之游離 蝴酸錯合劑與相應蝴酸酯。 在一些實施例中,凍乾粉末包含g明酸錯合劑及式(1)/(匕合 物’實質上不含其他組份。然而,組合物可進一步包含一 或多種其他醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑、載劑、稀釋劑、填 充劑、鹽、緩衝劑、增積劑、穩定劑、增溶劑及此項技術 中熟知之其他物質。含有該等物質之醫藥學上可接受之調 〇 配物的製備描述於例如⑻a
Practice of Pharmacy > > A. Gennaro^ ^ Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins,2000或最新版本中。在一些實施例 中,醫藥組合物包含式⑴化合物、增積劑及緩衝劑。 包含式⑴化合物之凍乾粉末可根據描述於piam〇nd〇n等 人之WO 〇2/059131中之程序製備。因此,在一些實施例 中’製備凍乾粉末之方法包含:(a)製備包含式⑴蝴酸化 合物(其中Z及Z2各自為羥基)及蝴酸錯合劑之水性混合 物;及(b)將該混合物凍乾。 143338.doc •49· 201024313 凍乾粉末較佳藉由添加適於醫藥投藥之水性溶劑復原。 合適復原溶劑之實例包括(但不限於)水、鹽水及麟酸鹽緩 衝鹽水(PBS)。較佳地’以生理(0·9%)鹽水復原凍乾粉 末。復原後,在晒酸酯化合物與相應游離_酸化合物之間 建立平衡。在一些實施例中,平衡在添加水性介質後例如 1 Ο- 15分鐘之内快速達成。平衡時存在之蝴酸酯及蝴酸的 相對濃度視諸如溶液pH值、溫度、S朋酸錯合劑之性質及;東 乾粉末中存在之g明酸錯合劑與_酸醋化合物之比率的參數 ° Θ 本發明之醫藥組合物較佳經調配用於向患有蛋白酶體介 導之病症或有發展該病症之風險或經歷該病症之復發的患 者投藥。如本文所用之術語Γ患者」意謂動物,較佳為哺 乳動物’更佳為人類。本發明之較佳醫藥組合物為調配用 r 於經口、靜脈内或皮下投藥之醫藥組合物。然而,含有治 療有效量之本發明化合物的任何上述劑型均完全在常規試 驗之範圍内’且因此亦完全在本發明之範疇内。在—些實 施例中’本發明之醫藥組合物可進一步包含另一治療劑。@ 在一些實施例中,該另一治療劑為通常投與患有所治療疾 病或病狀之患者的治療劑。 /α療有效量」意謂足以引起蛋白酶體活性或蛋白酶體 介導之病症之嚴重程度之可偵測降低的量。所需蛋白酶體 抑制劑的量將視抑制劑對於指定細胞類型之有效性及治療 該病症所需之時間長度而定。亦應瞭解,用於任何特^患 者之特疋劑量及治療方案將視多種因素而定,該等因素包 143338.doc -50- 201024313 括所用特定化合物之活性、患者之年齡、體重、一般健康 狀况、性別及飲食、投藥時間、排泄率、藥物組合及治療 2師之判斷,及所治療之特定疾病之嚴重程度。本發明組 σ物中存在之額外治療劑的量通常將不超過僅包含該治療 劑作為唯一活性劑的組合物中通常投與之量。較佳地,額 外治療劑之量將在通常存在於包含該藥劑作為唯一治療活 性劑之組合物中之量的約50%至約100%範圍内。 ❹
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療患有蛋白酶體介導 之病症或有發展該病症之風險或經歷該病症復發之患者的 方法。如本文所用之術語「蛋白酶體介導之病症」包括由 蛋白酶體表現或活性增加所導致或以蛋白酶體表現或活性 增加為特徵’或需要蛋白酶體活性的任何病症、疾病或病 狀。術語「蛋白酶體介導之病症」亦包括抑制蛋白酶體活 性有益之任何病症、疾病或病狀。 舉例而言,本發明之化合物及醫藥組合物適用於治療經 由受蛋白酶體活性調節之蛋白質(例如NFkB、p27KiP、 P 、p53)介導之病症。相關病症包括發炎性病症 (例如類風濕性關節炎、發炎性腸病、哮喘、慢性阻塞性 肺病(COPD)、骨關節炎、皮膚病(例如異位性皮膚炎、牛 皮癬))、血管增生性病症(例如動脈粥樣硬化、再狭窄)、 增生性眼病(例如糖尿病性視網膜病)、良性增生性病症(例 如血管瘤)、自體免疫疾病(例如多發性硬化症、組織及器 官排斥反應)以及感染相關性炎症(例如免疫反應)、神經退 化性病症(例如阿爾茨海默氏病(Alzheimer,s disease)、帕 I43338.doc •51 _ 201024313 金森氏病(Parkinson’s disease)、運動神經元疾病、神經性 疼痛、二核苷酸重複病症、星形細胞瘤及酒精性肝病導致 的神經退化)、缺血性損傷(例如中風)及惡質症(例如伴隨 各種生理及病理病況的肌肉蛋白質分解加速(例如神經損 傷、禁食、發燒、酸中毒、HIV感染、癌症痛苦及某些内 分泌病))。 本發明之化合物及醫藥組合物尤其適用於治療癌症。如 本文所用之術語「癌症」係指一種細胞性病症,其特徵為 細胞增殖失控或不受調節、細胞分化減少、具有侵入周圍 組織之不當能力及/或能夠在異位建立新生長。術語「癌 症」包括(但不限於)實體腫瘤及血液腫瘤。術語「癌症7 涵蓋皮膚、組織、器官、骨、軟骨、血液及血管之疾病。 術語「癌症」還涵蓋原發性及轉移性癌症。 各種蛋白酶體抑制劑之間的酶動力學(亦即解離半衰期) 之差異可導致各種抑制劑之組織分布的差 致安全性及功效概況之差異。舉例而言,使用 不可逆抑制劑之情況下,相當大比狀分子可與紅血球、 血管内皮及諸如#之充分灌;主器官中之蛋白酶體(亦即最 近隔室中之最「可立即利用之」蛋白酶體)結合。該等部 位可有效充當該等藥劑迅速結合分子且影響實體腫瘤中之 分布的「接收器(sink)」。 不希望受理論束缚,本發明者相信更迅速與蛋白酶體解 離之化合物會更有效分布至腫瘤,從而產生改良之抗腫瘤 活性。在-些實施例中,本發明係關於一種治療患有癌症 143338.doc •52- 201024313 之患者的方法,其包含向患者投與式(/)、(/斗㈣或 W中任—者之化合物’其中該化合物展現小於60分鐘之 解離半衰期。在一些實施例中,該化合物展現小於10分鐘 之解離半衰期^ 可用所揭示蛋白酶體抑制劑治療之實體腫瘤的非限制性 實例包括.胰腺癌;膀胱癌;結腸直腸癌;乳癌,包括轉 移性乳癌;前列腺癌,包括雄激素依賴性前列腺癌及不依 賴雄激素之前列腺癌;腎癌,包括例如轉移性腎細胞癌; 肝細胞癌;肺癌,包括例如非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)、細支 軋管肺泡癌(BAC)及肺腺癌;卵巢癌,包括例如進行性上 皮性或原發性腹膜性癌;子宮頸癌;胃癌;食道癌·,頭頸 癌’包括例如頭頸部之鱗狀細胞癌;黑色素瘤;神經内分 泌癌,包括轉移性神經内分泌腫瘤;腦腫瘤,包括例如神 經膠質瘤、退行性寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、成人多形性膠質 母細胞瘤及成人退行性星形細胞瘤;骨癌;及軟組織肉 ❹瘤。 可用所揭示蛋白酶體抑制劑治療之血液科惡性疾病的非 限制性實例包括:急性骨髓白血病(AML);慢性骨髓性白 血病(CML),包括加速CML及CML急變期(CML-BP);急性 淋巴母細胞性白血病(ALL);慢性淋巴母細胞性白血病 (CLL);霍奇金病(Hodgkin’s disease,HD);非霍奇金淋巴 瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL) ’包括濾泡性淋巴瘤及 套細胞淋巴瘤;B細胞淋巴瘤;T細胞淋巴瘤;多發性骨趙 瘤(MM);瓦爾登斯特倫巨球蛋白血症(Waldenstrom's 143338.doc -53- 201024313 macroglobulinemia);骨髓發育不良症候群(MDS),包括難 治性貧血(RA)、難治性貧血伴有環形含鐵胚血球 (RARS)、難治性貧血伴有胚細胞增多(RAEB)及轉化中之 RAEB(RAEB-T);及骨髓增生症候群。 在一些實施例中,使用本發明之化合物或組合物來治療 患有選自由多發性骨髓瘤及套細胞淋巴瘤組成之群的癌症 或有發展該癌症之風險或經歷該癌症之復發的患者。 在一些實施例中,本發明之蛋白酶體抑制劑可結合另一 治療劑投與。另一治療劑亦可抑制蛋白酶體,或可藉由不 同機制起作用。在一些實施例中,另一治療劑為通常向患 有所治療疾病或病狀之患者投與的治療劑。本發明之蛋白 酶體抑制劑可與另一治療劑以單一劑型或以單獨劑型投 與。當以單獨劑型投與時,另一劑型可在投與本發明之蛋 白酶體抑制劑之前、同時或之後投與。 在一些實施例中,式(I)之蛋白酶體抑制劑結合抗癌劑投 與。如本文所用之術語「抗癌劑」係指出於治療癌症之目 的投與患有癌症之個體的任何藥劑。 損傷DNA之化學療劑之非限制性實例包括:拓撲異構酶 I抑制劑(例如伊立替康(irinotecan)、拓朴替康(topotecan)、 喜樹驗(camptothecin)及其類似物或代謝產物’及阿黴素 (doxorubicin));拓撲異構酶II抑制劑(例如依託白苷 (etoposide)、替尼泊甙(teniposide)及道諾黴素(daUn〇rubidn));烷 化劑(例如美法侖(melphalan)、苯丫酸氮芥(Chl〇rambUCil)、 白消安(busulfan)、硫替派(thi〇tepa)、異環墙酿胺 143338.doc -54- 201024313 (ifosfamide)、亞確腺氮芬(carmustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、 司莫司汀(semustine)、鏈脲黴素(streptozocin)、達卡巴仁 (decarbazine)、曱胺蝶吟(methotrexate)、絲裂黴素 C(mitomyciη C)及環構醯胺(cyclophosphamide)) ; DNA插入劑(例如順銘 (cisplatin)、奥赛力翻(oxaliplatin)及卡銘(carboplatin)); DNA插入劑及自由基產生劑,諸如博萊黴素(bleomycin); 及核普模擬劑(例如5 -氟尿嘴咬(5-fluorouracil)、截瘤達 (capecitibine)、吉西他濱(gemcitabine)、氟達拉賓(fludarabine)、 阿糖胞苦(cytarabine)、疏基°票吟(mercaptopurine)、硫鳥嗓 吟(thioguanine)、噴司他 丁(pentostatin)及經基脲(hydroxyurea))。 中斷細胞複製之化學療劑包括:太平洋紫杉醇 (paclitaxel)、多稀紫杉醇(docetaxel)及相關類似物;長春 新驗(vincristine)、長春驗(vinblastin)及相關類似物:沙立 度胺(thalidomide)、來那度胺(lenalidomide)及相關類似物 (例如CC-5013及CC-4047);蛋白質酪胺酸激酶抑制劑(例 如甲績酸伊瑪替尼(imatinib mesylate)及吉非替尼 (gefitinib));蛋白酶體抑制劑(例如蝴替左米(bortezomib)); NF-κΒ抑制劑,包括ΙκΒ激酶之抑制劑;與癌症中過度表現 之蛋白質結合且從而向下調節細胞複製之抗體(例如曲妥 珠單抗(trastuzumab)、利妥昔單抗(rituximab)、西妥昔單 抗(cetuximab)及貝伐單抗(bevacizumab));及已知在癌症 中向上調節、過度表現或活化之蛋白質或酶的其他抑制 劑,其中抑制該等蛋白質或酶向下調節細胞複製。 為更充分理解本發明,闡述以下製備及測試實例。該等 143338.doc -55- 201024313 實例說明如何製備或測試特定化合物,而不欲以任何方式 理解為限制本發明之範疇。 【實施方式】 實例 定義 ACN 乙腈 BOC 第三丁氧羰基 DCM 二氣曱烷 DIBAL 二異丁基氫化鋁 DIEA 二異丙基乙胺 DMF 二曱基曱醯胺 EDCI 7V-(3-二曱胺基丙基乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽 EtOAc 乙酸乙酯 h 小時 HOBt 1 -羥基苯并三唑水合物 homophe-OH 高苯丙胺酸 HPLC 高效液相層析法 LC/MS 液相層析質譜' LiHMDS 雙(三甲基矽烷)胺基鋰 min 分鐘. NMM 4-曱基嗎啉 Rt 自二極體陣列光譜之滯留時間 TBTU 四氟棚酸Ο-苯并三唑-1-基四曱基錁 THF 四氫σ夫喃 】43338.doc -56· 201024313 TLC 薄層層析法 分析型LC-MS方法 LCMS條件 以 Waters Symmetry 3.5 μηι C18 6x100 mm ID管柱使用 以下梯度對蝴酸進行分析: 溶劑A : 1%乙腈,99%水,0.1%甲酸 溶劑B : 95%乙腈,5%水,0.1 %曱酸 時間 A [%] B [%] 流速[ml/min】 0.0 95.0 5.0 1.0 7.5 0.0 100.0 1.0 9.8 0.0 100.0 1.0 9.8 95.0 5.0 1.0 10.0 95.0 5.0 1.0 中間物之光譜係以Hewlett-Packard HP 1100使用以下條 件進行: 甲酸:Phenominex Luna 5 μηι C18 50x4.6 mm管柱,流速 2.5 mL/min,梯度為3分鐘内於1120中之含有0至100% 0.1% Φ 甲酸之ACN。 乙酸錢:Phenominex Luna 5 μηι Cis 50x4.6 mm管柱,流 速2.6 mL/min,梯度為3分鐘内於H20中之含有0至100% 10 mM乙酸敍之ACN。 實例 1 : (17?)-2-環丁基-14(38145,6幻-3&,5,5-三曱基六氫- 4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙 胺·ί:2Η02Ρ3(中間物4) 143338.doc -57- 201024313
HN(SiMe3)2 n-BuU, THF 1. n>BuLi (1 eq) CH2CI2 - 2. B(OEt)3 (1 eq)
* ζ彼 (Me3Si)2N 0
3. 5 N HQ (1 eq)
tvf,-78°C至室溫
TFA, EtzO 室温,2 h
步驟1 : (33*^45,65)-2-(二氣甲基)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氫- 4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮(中間物1) 在 N2下,在-80°C 至-90°C 下向 CH2C12 (80 mL,1·2 mol) 於THF(800 mL)中之溶液中添加正丁基鋰(於己烷中2.5 Μ,480 mL,1.2 mol),且在-80°C下攪拌反應混合物1.5 h。 以單份添加 B(OEt)3 (200 mL,1.2 mol),且在-45°C 至-30°C 下攪拌混合物1 h。隨後在低於-20°C之溫度下逐滴添加 HC1水溶液(5 Μ,240 mL,1.2 mol),且在-20°C下攪拌所 得混合物4 h。分離有機層且以Et2〇(l〇〇 mLx2)萃取水層。 合併之有機層經無水Na2S04乾燥且濃縮以得到中間物。將 中間物再溶解於Et2〇(800 mL)中,且向該溶液中添加蔽烧 二醇(1 88 g,1.1 mol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物隔夜且隨 後在真空中濃縮。藉由管柱層析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1 至1:1)純化殘餘物得到中間物1(190 g,60%產率)。 步驟 2 : (335,45,65)-2-1(15)-1-氣-2-環丁基乙基]-3a,5,5-三 甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味(中間物2) 在 N2下,向於 THF(650 mL)中之 Mg(13.60 g,560 mmol) 中添加DIBAL(於甲苯中1 Μ,9· 1 mL,9.1 mmol),且在室 溫下攪拌混合物30分鐘。隨後在低於40°C下逐滴添加中間 143338.doc -58 - 201024313 物2(40.6 mL,360 mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2 5 h。冷卻至-78°C後’在A保護下在-78°C下將溶液轉移至 中間物1(70 g,0.267 mol)於THF(400 mL)中之溶液中,且 攪拌所得混合物45分鐘。隨後以單份添加ZnCh(於Et20中1 Μ,750 mL ’ 750 mmol) ’使混合物升溫至室溫並授拌隔 夜。向反應混合物中添加乙酸乙酯(800 mL)及餘和 NH4C1(350 mL),攪拌混合物1 h且以水(300 mL)、鹽水 (300 mL)洗滌有機層’經無水NajO4乾燥並濃縮。藉由管 柱層析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=20:1至2:1)純化殘餘物得到呈 無色油狀之中間物2(65 g,82%產率)。 步琢 3 ·八~{(1 及)-2-環丁基-1-1(38^5,45^65)-33,5,5 -三甲基 六氩-4,6-甲橋·1,3,2·苯并二氧硼味_2_基】乙基卜 1,1,1-三甲基-;V-(三甲基矽烷基)矽烧胺(令間物3) 在N2保護下,在-78°C下向LiHMDS(於THF中1 Μ,500 mL,0.5 mol)於THF(500 mL)中之溶液中添加中間物2(13〇 參 g ’ 〇.438 mo1)於THF(700 mL)中之溶液。使反應混合物升 溫至室溫並授拌隔夜。藉由旋轉蒸發移除溶劑且以丨.〇 L Et2〇/Hex(l:l)溶解殘餘物。經由矽膠(3〇〇 g)墊過濾溶液並 以500 mL Et2〇/Hex(l:l)洗滌。濃縮溶液得到呈無色油狀 之中間物3(166 g,90%)。 步驟4 : (1及)-2-環丁基-1-[(3从4&65)-33,5,5-三甲基六 氫·4,6_甲橋-1,3,2_苯并二氧硼味_2_基]乙 胺·<:2Η〇π3(中間物4) 在-45°C 下,向中間物 3(166 g,0·39 mol)於Et20(1.5 L) 143338.doc ·59· 201024313 中之溶液中添加TFA(92 mL ’ 1.2 mol)於Et20(500 mL)中之 溶液。使混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌丨h。藉由過濾收集沈 殿物且以Et2〇(200 mLx3)洗滌得到呈白色固體狀之中間物 4(103 g,71%產率)。 實例 2 : 丨((25)-2-^(25)-2-(乙醯胺基)-4-苯基丁醢 基】胺基}-3-苯基丙醢基)胺基】·2-環丁基乙基}硼 酸(22) 步驟 1 : 苯甲基-2-({(1及)_2-環丁基-1-1(335,45,61 7ai?)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氩-4,6·甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二 氧鄉味-2-基】乙基}胺基)_2-側氧基乙基】胺基甲酸 第三丁酯 向早頸圓底燒瓶中添加中間物4(496 mg,1.26 mmol)Ν· (第三丁氧羰基)-L-苯丙胺酸(0.362 g,1.36 mmol)、 TBTU(0.640 g,1.99 mmol)及 Ν,Ν-二甲基曱醯胺(10.0 mL ’ 0.129 mol)。隨後在-45°C下逐滴添加Ν,Ν-二異丙基乙 胺(1.12 mL,6.40 mmol)。20分鐘後移除冷卻槽,且在室 溫下擾拌混合物隔夜。使反應混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水 之間,隨後以3x1 00 mL水及3x100 mL鹽水洗滌有機層。有 機層經硫酸鈉乾燥且在真空中移除溶劑。藉由4〇% EA/hex 中之管柱層析純化所得殘餘物得到0.55 g(84〇/〇產率)呈灰白 色固體狀之產物。 步琢2 : (25)-2-胺基-ΛΓ-{(ΐ/?)_2-環丁基 3a,5,5-二甲基六氩_4,6_甲橋-1,3,2·苯并二氧蝴咮-2-基】乙基}-3-苯基丙醢胺·Η(:Ι 143338.doc -60· 201024313 向單頸圓底燒瓶中添加[(1S)-1-苯甲基-2-({(lR)-2·環丁 基-1-[(3&8,48,68,7311)-33,5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2- 本并一氧蝴味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧基乙基]胺基甲酸第 三丁酯(0.550 g,1.05 mmol)、二氯甲烷(6.00 mL,0.0936 mol)及於 1,4-二噁烷中之 4.0 Μ 鹽酸(6.00 mL,0.024 mol)。在室溫下授拌混合物3〇分鐘。在真空中移除溶劑及 HC1得到0.517 g(99%產率)呈白色固體狀之所要產物。 步驟3 :【(1S)-1-({[(1«S)-1-苯甲基·2·({(1 及)-2-環丁基-l-[(3a5^,4tS,6tS,7aJ^)-3a,5,5-三甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧基乙 基]胺基}羰基)-3-苯基丙基】胺基甲睃第三丁酯 在室溫下向單頸圓底燒瓶中相繼逐滴添加(2S)-2-胺基-N-{(1R)_2-環丁基-1-[(3&8,48,68,7化)_3〇,5_三曱基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮_2_基]乙基}-3-苯基丙醯胺 (217 mg ’ 0.511 mmol)、Boc-homophe-OH(171 mg,0.614 mmol)、TBTU(246 mg,0.767 mmol)及 N,N-二甲基甲醯胺 (14.5 1111^’0.187 111〇1),隨後添加队:^-二異丙基乙胺(0.187 mL,1.07 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。在真空下自 反應混合物移除DMF ’且將所得殘餘物藉由製備型TLC於 40% EtOAc/己烧中純化得到298 mg(85%產率)呈白色固體 狀之所要產物。 步驟 4 : (2S)-2-胺基-N-【(1S)-1-苯甲基-2-({(lR)-2-環丁 基-1-【(338,48,68,7311)-33,5,5-三甲基六氫_4,6-甲 橋-1,3,2·苯并二氧硼味_2_基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧 143338.doc -61 . 201024313 基乙基】-4-苯基丁醢胺·Η<:1 向單頸圓底燒瓶中相繼添加[(1*S>1-({[(15>1-苯甲基-2-({(li?)-2-環丁基三曱基六氫- 4.6- 曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側氧基乙 基]胺基}羰基)-3-苯基丙基]胺基甲酸第三丁酯(298 mg, 0.000434 mol)、二氯曱烷(3.0 mL,0.047 mol)及於 1,4-二 噁烷中之4.0 Μ鹽酸(3.0 mL,0.012 mol)。在室溫下攪拌混 合物30分鐘,隨後在真空中移除溶劑得到0.243 g(90%產 率)所要產物。 @ 步驟5 : (25>2-(乙醯胺基)苯甲基-2-({(1及)-2- 環丁基三甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基】乙基}胺基)-2-側氧基乙基】-4-苯基丁醢胺 向20 mL閃爍瓶中添加(25>2-胺基-AT-[(1S)-1-苯甲基-2-({(li?)-2-環丁基-14(335,416178/0-315,5-三曱基六氫- 4.6- 甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}胺基)_2_側氧基乙 基]-4-苯基 丁酿胺·Η(Ζ1(52_0 mg,0.0836 mmol)、乙腈(5.20 〇 mL ’ 0.0996 mol)、乙酸針(8.68 |aL,0.092 mmol)、N,N-二 異丙基乙胺(36.4 pL,0.209 mmol)及N,N-二曱基胺基°比啶 (0.0005 g ’ 0·0〇4 mmol)。攪拌混合物隔夜,並過濾沈澱物 且以EkO洗蘇得到0.028 g(53%產率)呈白色固體狀之產 物。 步驟 6 ·· {(1及)-1-[((25)-2-{[(2*5)-2·(乙醮胺基)-4_ 苯基丁醢 基]胺基}-3-苯基丙雄基)胺基】_2_環丁基乙基}g朋酸 143338.doc -62- 201024313 向單頸圓底燒瓶中添加(2<S)-2-(乙醯胺基)-#-[(15>1-苯 甲基-2-({(l/?)-2-環丁基-1-[(3&5|,4|$>,651,73/?)-3&,5,5-三甲基 六氫-4,6-曱橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味-2-基]乙基}胺基)-2-側 氧基乙基]-4 -笨基丁酿胺(24.8 mg,0.0395 mmol)、甲醇 (0.237 mL ’ 5.86 mmol)、己烧(0.237 mL,1.81 mmol)、鹽 酸(0.0889 mmol,0.0889 mmol)及 2-甲基丙基蝴酸(8.65 mg,0.0849 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。藉由製備 型TLC於10% MeOH/CH2Cl2中純化反應混合物得到9.90 mg(51%產率)呈白色固體狀之所要產物。4 NMR (CD3〇D, 300 MHz, δ): 7.32-7.12 (m, 10H); 4.74 (t, 7=7.94 Hz, 1H); 4.26 (dd, 7=5.49, 8.55 Hz, 1H); 3.14-3.05 (m, 2H); 2.66-2.55 (m, 2H); 2.48-2.41 (m, 1H); 2.19-2.05 (m, 1H); 2.04- 1.89 (m, 8H); 1.89-1.69 (m, 3H); 1.58-1.36 (m, 3H); 1.33-1.22 (m, 1H)。 實例3 : {(11〇-1-[((25)-2-{[(25)·2-(ζ> 醢胺基)-4-苯基丁醢 基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基】_2_環丁基乙基}蝴 酸之D-甘露糖醇酯 向上述產物{(li?)-l-[((2*S)-2-{[(25)-2-(乙醯胺基)-4-苯基 丁醯基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]環丁基乙基}_酸 (9.90 mg,0.0201 mmol)中添加第三丁醇(1.21 mL,0.0127 mol)、水(1.21 mL,0,0672 mol)及 D-甘露糖醇(72·0 mg, 0.395 mmol)。將溶液在-78°C下冷凍,並置於冷凍乾燥機 上4〇 h得到80.1 mg(97%產率)白色粉末。 實例4:其他N-醯基-肽基醐酸化合物 143338.doc -63- 201024313 藉由類似於上文實例1-2中描述之程序製備下列_酸化 合物。如實例3中所述將所有化合物亦轉化為相應D-甘露 糖醇酯。 化合物 NMR(Varian 300 mHz) 17 !HNMR (CD3OD5 300 MHz, δ): 9.17 (s, 1H); 8.88-8.75 (m, 1H); 8.77-8.64 (m, 1H); 7.40-7.15 (m, 6H); 5.13-4.98 (m, 1H); 3.28-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H); 2.26-2.11 (m, 1H); 2.09-1.95 (m, 4H); 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H); 1.62-1.42 (m,3H); 1.42-1.30 (m,1H)。 3 !HNMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 7.66-7.57 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.27 (m, 5H); 7.27-7.20 (m, 1H); 6.80 (d, J=8.79Hz, 1H); 4.98-4.91 (m, 1H); 3.77-3.68 (m, 7H); 3.24-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.62-2.52 (m, 5H); 2.51-2.45 (m, 1H); 2.19-2.07 (m, 1H); 2.07-1.93 (m, 2H); 1.88-1.71 (m, 2H); 1.61-1.38 (m, 3H); 1.35-1.23 (m, 1H)。 23 ^NMRCCDsOD, 300 MHz, δ): 8.37-8.32 (m, 1H); 8.17-8.12 (m, 1H); 8.08-8.01 (m, 1H); 7.77-7.70 (m, 1H); 7.49-7.40 (m, 1H); 7.39-7.19 (m, 9H); 6.92-6.85 (m, 1H); 5.01-4.91 (m, 1H); 3.27-3.19 (m, 2H); 2.21-1.92 (m, 4H); 1.90-1.72 (m, 2H); 1.63-1.40 (m, 4H); 1.38-1.25 (m,1H)。 2 】HNMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 8.35-8.27 (m,1H); 8.21-8.15 (m, 1H); 7.52-7.42 (m, 2H); 7.35-7.09 (m, 10H); 5.03 (t, J=7.32Hz, 1H); 3.19 (d, J=7.32Hz, 2H); 2.60-2.49 (m5 1H); 2.29-2.15 (m, 1H); 2.11-1.94 (m, 2H); 1.91-1.71 (m, 2H); 1.65-1.45 (m, 3H); 1.45-1.27 (m,1H)。 7 !HNMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 7.54-7.35 (m, 4H); 7.31-7.13 (m, 8H); 7.04-6.99 (m, 2H); 4.96-4.89 (m, 1H); 3.24-3.13 (m, 2H); 2.53-2.44 (m, 1H); 2.21-2.07 (m, 1H); 2.07-1.93 (m, 2H); 1.89-1.71 (m, 2H); 1.62-1.39 (m, 3H); 1.36-1.21 (m,1H)。 6 ^NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 7.46-7.41 (m5 2H); 7.35-7.25 (m, 6H); 4.99-4.92 (m, 1H); 3.20-3.09 (m, 2H); 2.59-2.48 (m, 1H); 2.22-1.95 (m, 3H); 1.90-1.72 (m, 2H); 1.63-1.40 (m, 3H); 1.37-1.24 (m,1H)。 14 !HNMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 8.17-8.08 (m, 2H); 7.77-7.51 (m, 6H); 7.39-7.21 (m, 6H); 5.00 (t, J=8.30Hz, 1H); 3.29-3.21 (m, 2H); 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H); 2.24-1.94 (m, 3H); 1.90-1.72 (m, 2H); 1.64-1.41 (m,3H); 1.40-1.25 (m,1H)。 143338.doc •64- 201024313 實例5 : {(1及)-2-環丁基苯氧基吼咬-3-基) 項随基】胺基}_3_苯基丙酿基)胺基]乙基}綳醭(11) 步称 1 : (2S)-N-{(lR)-2-環丁基-1-【(3aS,4S,6S,7aR)-3a,5,5- 三甲基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧蝴味_2-基] 乙基苯氧基吼啶-3-基)磺醯基]胺基卜3_ 苯基丙醯胺 向20 mL小瓶中添加(2幻_2_胺基-#-{(1及)-2-環丁基 [(335(,4)5,615,73/?)-3牡,5,5-三曱基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二 氧硼咮-2-基]乙基}-3-苯基丙醢胺·Η(Ι: 1(46.3 mg,〇. 1〇9 mmol)(如實例中所述製備)、THF(1.47 mL)、N,N-二異丙 基乙胺(47.5 μί)及6-苯氧基-3-吡啶磺醯氯(32.4 mg)。在室 温下攪拌混合物隔夜。藉由製備型TLC於矽石板上利用於 己烧中之5 0%乙酸乙酯純化產物得到3 5 mg呈白色固體狀 之所要產物。 步驟 2 ·· {(1Λ)-2-環丁基-l-[((25>2-{[(6-苯氧基吼啶 _3_ 基) 磺醯基】胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基】乙基}_酸 向 20 mL小瓶中添加(21^)-^^-((1^2)-2-環丁基 6&7&/〇-33,5,5-三曱基六氫-4,6-甲橋-1,3,2-苯并二氧硼味_ 2-基]乙基}-2-{[(6-苯氧基"比啶-3-基)磺醯基]胺基卜3·苯基 丙醯胺(31.2 mg,0.047 mmol)、(2-曱基丙基)_ 酸(10.4 mg)、1 N鹽酸(0.107 mmol)、甲醇(0.285 mL)及己烧(0.285 mL)。在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜’隨後分離己烷層並丟 棄。在真空中移除殘餘溶劑,並藉由製備型TLC於矽石板 上利用於CH2C12中之10% MeOH純化產物得到18.4 mg(74% 143338.doc -65- 201024313 產率)呈白色固體狀之所要產物。NMR (CD3OD,300 MHz, δ): 8.36 (s, 1H); 7.95-7.84 (m, 1H); 7.52-7.39 (m, 2H); 7.33-7.06 (m, 10H); 6.95-6.83 (m, 1H); 4.25-4.13 (m, 1H); 3.09-2.94 (m, 1H); 2.93-2.78 (m, 1H); 2.46-2.32 (m, 1H); 2.26-1.93 (m, 3H); 1.92-1.71 (m, 2H); 1.64-1.37 (m, 3H); 1.37-1.22 (m,1H)。 實例6 : {(l/?)-2-環丁基-l-[((2S)-2-{[(6-苯氧基吼啶-3-基) 磺醢基】胺基}-3-苯基丙醢基)胺基】乙基}綳酸之D· 甘露糖酵酯 向上述產物{(1/^-2-環丁基-l-[((2<S)-2-{[(6-苯氧基》比啶-3-基)磺醯基]胺基}-3-苯基丙醯基)胺基]乙基}關酸(18.4 mg ’ 0.0352 mmol)中添加第三丁醇(2.12 mL,0.0222 mol)、水(2.12 mL,0.118 mol)及甘露糖醇-D(127 mg, 0.697 mmol)。將溶液在_78°C下冷凍,並置於冷凍乾燥機 上40 h。獲得142·6 mg(97%產率)呈白色粉末狀之所得 {(1幻-2_環丁基-14((25)-2] [(6-苯氧基《比啶-3-基)磺醯基] 胺基}-3-苯基丙醢基)胺基]乙基}_酸.20[(:61114〇6]。 實例7:其他N·磺醯基·肽基蝴酸化合物 藉由類似於上文實例5中描述之程序製備下列化合物。 將所有化合物亦轉化為相應D-甘露糖醇酯。 化合物 *H NMR(Varian 300 mHz) 12 Ή NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 8.33-8.29 (m, 1H); 8.01-7.89 (m, 3H); 7.72-7.59 (m, 3H); 7.12-6.98 (m, 5H); 4.23 (t, J=7.32Hz, 1H); 3.04-2.93 (m, 1H); 2.89-2.78 (m, 1H); 2.16-1.66 (m, 6H); 1.51-1.26 (m, 3H); 1.21-1.09 (m, 1H)。 143338.doc -66· 201024313 8 'HNMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 7.29-7.19 (m, 3H); 7.15-7.07 (m, 2H); 7.07-7.01 (m, 1H); 6.97-6.94 (m, 1H); 6.79-6.74 (m, 1H); 4.43-4.32 (m, 2H); 4.21 (t, J=7.32Hz, 1H); 3.11-3.01 (m, 1H); 2.93 (s, 3H); 2.91-2.81 (m, 1H); 2.51-2.42 (m, 1H); 2.26-2.13 (m, 1H); 2.13-1.99 (m, 2H); 1.96-1.78 (m, 2H); 1.67-1.44 (m, 3H); 1.40-1.27 (m, 1H)。 4 lH NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz, δ): 7.39-7.33 (m, 5H); 7.32-7.21 (m, 6H); 7.21-7.10 (m, 4H); 4.17 (s, 2H); 3.87-3.76 (m, 1H); 3.24-3.12 (m, 1H); 3.10-2.99 (m, 1H); 2.58-2.43 (m, 3H); 2.26-2.10 (m, 1H); 2.07-1.91 (m,2H); 1.89-1.68 (m, 4H); 1.60-1.26 (m, 4H)。 化合物 !H NMR(Bruker 400 mHz) 31 *H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 8.37 (s, 1H) 7.62 (d, 1H) 7.1-7.3 (m, 5H) 6.70 (d, 1H) 4.52 (m, 1H) 4.22 (m, 1H) 3.78 (m, 4H) 3.67 (m, 4H) 3.01 (m, 1H) 2.88 (m, 1H) 2.39 (m, 1H) 2.19 (m, 1H) 2.02 (m, 2H) 1.93, (m, 2H) 1.55 (m, 2H) 1.45 (m, 1H) 1.33 (m, 1H) 34 !H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 8.49 (s, 1H) 8.16 (d, 1H) 7.78 (d, 2H) 7.21 (m, 7H) 7.07 (m, 1H) 4.61 (m, 1H) 4.21 (m, 1H) 3.03, (m, 1H) 2.88 (m, 1H) 2.40 (m, 1H) 2.15 (m, 1H) 2.0 (m, 2H) 1.81 (m, 2H) 1.55 (m, 2H) 1.42 (m, 1H) 1.37 (m, 1H) 35 NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 7.91 (d, 1H) 7.55 (d, 1H) 7.42 (d, 1H) 7.15 (m, 5H) 4.61 (m, 1H) 4.21 (m, 1H) 3.03, (m, 1H) 2.89 (m, 1H) 2.49 (m, 1H) 2.21 (m, 1H) 2.05 (m, 2H) 1.85 (m, 2H) 1.59 (m, 2H) 1.45 (m, 1H) 1.37 (m, 1H) 38 'H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 7.45 (m, 1H) 7.21 (m, 1H) 7.15 (m, 6H) 4.52 (m, 1H) 4.31 (m, 1H) 3.03 (m, 1H) 2.91 (m, 1H) 2.49 (m, 1H) 2.20 (m, 1H) 2.05 (m, 2H) 1.83 (m, 2H) 1.58 (m, 2H) 1.49 (m, 1H) 1.35 (m, 1H) 40 JH NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 7.7 (d, 1H) 7.49 (s, 1H) 7.12 (m, 5H) 6.99 (s, 1H) 4.62 (m, 1H) 4.26 (m, 1H) 3.26 (s, 3H) 3.0 (m, 2H) 2.85 (m, 2H) 2.35 (m, 1H) 2.18 (m, 1H) 2.02 (m, 2H) 1.82 (m, 2H) 1.55 (m, 2H) 1.41 (m, 1H) 1.36 (m, 1H) 41 'HNMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 8.20 (d, 1H) 7.92 (t, 1H) 7.74 (d, 2H) 7.15 (m, 9H) 4.60 (m, 1H) 4.20 (m, 1H) 3.03 (m, 1H) 2.90 (m, 1H) 2.48 (m5 1H) 2.17 (m, 1H) 2.01 (m, 2H) 1.85 (m, 2H) 1.52 (m, 2H) 1.40 (m, 1H) 1.30 (m, 1H) 43 Ή NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 8.5 (d, 2H) 7.76 (d, 2H) 7.21 (m, 9H) 4.55 (m, 1H) 4.19 (m, 1H) 3.03 (m5 1H) 2.90 (m, 1H) 2.49 (m, 1H) 2.18 (m, 1H) 2.02 (m, 2H) 1.82 (m, 2H) 1.52 (m, 2H) 1.48 (m, 1H) 1.32 (m, 1H) 143338.doc -67- 201024313 44 *H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 7.49 (s, 1H) 7.21 (m, 5H) 6.877Γ 1H) 4.6 (m,3H) 4.22 (m,1H) 3.01 (m, 1H) 2.91 (m, 1H) 2.49 (m’ 1H) 2.20 (m,1H) 2.04 (m,2H) 1.82 (m,2H) 1.55 (m,2H) 1.49 (m’ 1H) 1.37 (m, 1H) ’ 45 *H NMR (DMSO d-6, 400 MHz, δ): 8.49 (m, 2H) 8.05 (m, 1H) 7.81 (m, 1H) 7.65 (m, 2H) 7.55 (m, 4H) 7.18 (m5 2H) 6.98 (ds 2H) 3.91 (m, 1H) 2.89 (m, 2H) 2.68 (m, 1H) 2.12 (m, 1H) 1.91 (m[ 2H) 1.70 (m, 2H) 1.45 (m, 4H) 47 ]H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 9.28 (s, 1H) 8.50 (d, 1H) 〇T (m, 3H) 7.72 (t, 1H) 6.80 (m, 5H) 4.52 (m, 1H); 4.15 (m, 1H)· 2.97 (m, 1H) 2.70 (m, 1H) 2.49 (m, 1H) 2.25 (m, 1H) 2.05 (m, 2H) 1.85 (m, 2H) 1.62, (m, 2H) 1.50 (m, 1H) 1.39 (m, 1H) 48 ]H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz, δ): 9.44 (s, 1H) 8.36 (s, 1H) 8.04Td~ 1H) 7.79 (d,1H) 7.02 (m,5H) 4.54 (m,1H) 4_20 (m, 1H) 2.99 (m’ 1H) 2.80 (m, 1H) 2.22 (m, 1H) 2.12 (m, 1H) 1.98 (m, 2H) 1.78 (m 2H) 1.49 (m, 1H) 1.37 (m, 1H) 1.23 (m, 1ΪΙ) ’ 實例8 : 20S蛋白酶體檢定 向384孔黑色微孔滴定板中之1 pL溶解於DMSO中之測試 化合物中添加25 pL含有人類PA28活化劑(Boston Biochem,最終 12 nM)與 Ac-WLA-AMC(P5選擇性受質)(最 終15 μΜ)的37°C檢定緩衝液,隨後添加25 pL含有人類20S 蛋白酶體(Boston Biochem,最終0.25 nM)的37°C檢定緩衝 液。檢定緩衝液包含20 mM HEPES、0·5 mM EDTA及 ❹ 0.01% BSA(pH7.4)。隨後將反應置於BMG Galaxy板讀取 器(3 7°C,激發380 nm,發射460 nm’增益20)上。相對於 0%抑制(DMSO)及100%抑制(10 μΜ硼替左米)對照組計算 出抑制百分比。 在此檢定中測試化合物卜24及29-32及化合物34-48。在 此檢定中,化合物 1-9、11-14、16-32、34-41、43-45及48 展現小於50 nM之IC50值。在此檢定中,化合物10、15、 143338.doc -68- 201024313 42、46及47展現大於50nM且小於150nM之IC5〇值。 實例9 :蛋白酶體抑制動力學 包括解離常數及半衰期之酶動力參數藉由如下對酶進展 曲線之分析測定:
藉由監測位點特異性經螢光7-醯胺基-4-甲基香豆素 (AMC)-標記之肽受質(β5,Suc-LLVY-AMC ; β2,Z-VLR-AMC ’及βΐ ’ Z-LLE-AMC)在不同抑制劑濃度下水解之個 別進展曲線獲得蛋白酶體去活量測值。根據46〇 ηπι(λεχ= 360 run)下螢光發射之變化連續監測螢光肽之裂解並作為 時間之函數繪圖。所有檢定係在37±〇2t:下在具有2 之 50 mM HEPES(pH 7.5)、0.5 mM EDTA之光析管中進行, 並伴隨連續攪拌。受質濃度自1〇至25 μΜ(<1/2欠μ)不等。 人類20S蛋白酶體之濃度為〇25 ηΜ且以〇〇1% SDS活化。 描述自初始速度至穩態速度之轉變的速率常數tbs係藉由 非線性最小二乘回歸法利用時間相關性或緩慢結合抑制之 等式分析個別進展曲線來估算:
Kbs -Ll-exp(-Ao4i〇] 其中尸為螢光’ 抑制劑存在下反應之初始及穩態速 度,且"料。由線性擬合數據之斜率獲得與[I]相關之 ^之曲線圖以獲得U。表觀解離常數^係藉由與⑴相 關之分數速度Vs/Ve之非線性最小擬合敎,其中&為由隨 時間相關性或緩慢結合等式獲得之穩態值且V。為不存在抑 制劑情況下的初始速度: 143338.doc •69· 201024313
解離常數I係由表觀心利用以下表達弋呀…
K
Kfpp 以下關係式以數學 解離速率让。„係由上述測定參數利用 方法計算:
KtJ^L
K 隨後由1^。„值利用以下關係式測定半衰期: , In 2 利用此方案’測定化合物i、2、6、17、2〇、35、36、 41、43及45之解離半衰期。化合物丨、2〇、35、%、41、 43及45展現小於1〇分鐘之τ〗/2。化合物2、6及17展現大於 10分鐘且小於60分鐘之T1/2。 實例10 :抗增殖檢定 將於100 pL補充有10%胎牛血清(invitrogen)之適當細胞 培養基(對於 HCT-116 為 McCoy’s 5 A,Invitrogen)中之 ΗΟΤ-ίΙόΟΟΟΟ)或 其他腫瘤細胞接種於96孔 細胞培養板之孔中, 並在37°C下培育過夜。添加測試化合物至孔中並將板在 37°C下培育96小時。向各孔中添加MTT或WST試劑(10 μι,Roche),並按製造商所述在37°C下培育4小時。對於 MTT,根據製造商說明書(Roche)將經代謝之染料溶解過 143338.doc •70· 201024313 夜。使用分光光度計(Molecular Devices)在595 nm(主波長) 及690 nm(參比波長)下(對於MTT)及在450 nm下(對於WST) 讀取每孔之光學密度。對於MTT,自主波長之值中減去參 比光學密度值。使用設定為1〇〇%之DMSO對照組之值來計 算抑制百分比。 實例11:活體内腫瘤功效模型 使用 1 mL 26 3/8 號針(Becton Dickinson Ref #309625)將 於100 pL RPMI-1640培養基(Sigma-Aldrich)中之新解離的 HCT-116(2-5xl06)、WSU-DLCL2(2-5xl06)或其他腫瘤細胞 無菌注射至雌性CD-1裸小鼠(5-8週齡’ Charles River)右背 側的皮下間隙内。或者,一些異種移植模型(例如CWR22) 需要腫瘤片段連續繼代。在此情況下,將腫瘤組織之較小 片段(約1 mm3)經由13號套針(Popper & Sons 7927)植入經 麻醉(3-5%異氟烧(isoflourane)/氧混合物)C.B-17/SCID小鼠 (5-8週齡,Charles River)之右背側皮下。在接種腫瘤之後 第7天開始利用游標測徑規一週兩次量測。利用標準程序 (〇.5x(長度X寬度2))計算腫瘤體積。當腫瘤達到約200 mm3 之體積時,將小鼠隨機分成治療組並開始接受藥物治療。 基於先前自藥物動力學/藥效學及最大财受劑量研究獲得 之結果確定每次實驗的劑量及時程。對照組將接受不含任 何藥物的媒劑。通常,以不同劑量及時程經由靜脈内(27 號針)、經口(20號管飼針)或皮下(27號針)途徑投與測試化 合物(100-200 μΙ〇。每週兩次量測腫瘤尺寸及體重,且當 對照腫瘤達到約2000 mm3時結束研究。 143338.doc -71- 201024313
解’可在不脫離 出各種改變,該 儘管刖文已出於清晰性及理解 了本發明,但認為該等特定實确 性。熟習此項技術者閱讀本揭示案後將瞭解 本發明真實範疇之情況下對形式及細節作出 真實範嘴將由附隨中請專利範圍而非特^實施例界定。 本文參考之專利及科技文獻確定熟習此項技術者可獲得 之知識。除非另有定義,否則如本文所用之所有技術及科 學術語具有與普通熟習本發明所屬技術者所通常瞭解相同 之含義。本文引用之頒予專利、申請案及參考文獻係以引 用之方式併入本文中,程度仿佛指出各自以引用之方式具 體且個別地併入一般。在矛盾的情況下,將以本揭示案 (包括定義)為主。 ” 143338.doc -72-
Claims (1)
- 201024313 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種式(I)化合物:A為0、1或2 ; φ P為氫或胺基封端部分; Ra、CU6 脂族基、Cm 氟脂族基、-(CH2)m-CH2-RB、 -(CH2)m-CH2-NHC(=NR4)NH-Y、-(CH2)m-CH2-CON(R4)2、 -(CH2)m-CH2-N(R4)CON(R4)2、-(CH2)m-CH(R6)N(R4)2、 -(CH2)m-CH(R5)-OR5或-(CH2)m-CH(R5)-SR5 ; 各Ra2獨立地為氫、C i · 6脂族基、c 1 _ 6氟脂族基、 -(CH2)m-CH2-RB、_(CH2)m-CH2-NHC( = NR4)NH-Y、 -(CH2)m-CH2-CON(R4)2、-(CH2)m-CH2-N(R4)CON(R4)2、 CH(R5)-SR5 ; 各Y獨立地為氫、_CN、_N〇2或·s(〇)2_r1〇 ; 各以獨立地為經取代或未經取代之單環或雙環系統; 各R4獨立地為氫或經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳 基、雜芳基或雜環基;或同一氮原子上之兩個R4連同該 氮原子一起形成除該氮原子外還具有0-2個獨立地選自 N 〇及8之雜環原子的經取代或未經取代之4至8員雜環 143338.doc 201024313 * 基環; 各R獨立地為氫或經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳 基、雜芳基或雜環基; 各R獨立地為經取代或未經取代之脂族基、芳基或 芳基; ” 各R獨立地為Cl·6脂族基、C6.1G芳基或-N(R4)2 ; m為〇、1或2 ; Z及Z2各自獨立地為羥基、烷氧基、芳氧基或芳烷氧 基’或Z1與Z2 —起形成衍生自蝴酸錯合劑之部分。 2.如凊求項1之化合物’其中卩為RC_c(〇) 、rC_〇_c(〇)、 Rc-N(R4c)-C(0)-、Rc-S(〇)2-或 rc_n(R4c)-S(0)2-; R係選自由CK6脂族基、c】_6氟脂族基、-Rd、-tLr0 及-TLr2。組成之群; T1為經0-2個獨立選擇之R3a或R3b取代的Cl 6伸烷 基鏈,其中該伸烷基鏈視情況雜有-C(R5) = C(R5)-、 或-〇; rd為經取代或未經取代之單環或雙環系統; R2c為鹵基、-OR5、-SR6、-S(0)R6、-S02R6、-S02N(R4)2 、-n(r4)2、-nr4c(o)r5、-nr4c(o)n(r4)2、-nr4co2r6 、-n(r4)so2r6、-n(r4)so2n(r4)2、-o-c(o)r5、-oc(o)n(r4)2 、-C(0)R5、-C02R5 或-C(0)N(R4)2 ; 各R3a獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-F、-OH、-0(C丨-4 烷基)、-CN、-N(R4)2、-CCOKCw烷基)、-co2h、 -COJCm 烷基)、-c(o)nh2 及-c(o)-nh(c,-4 烷基); 143338.doc -2- 201024313 基; 各R3b獨立地為經^^或R7取代或未經取代 之C 月旨族 各R7為經取代或未經取代之芳族基;且 R4c為氫、Cl_4烷基、Cl_4氟烷基或〇61〇芳(〇14烷基), 其中該芳基部分經取代或未經取代。 3.如凊求項2之化合物,其特徵為式(I_B广 Ο P· Z1 I B, Z2 {I-B) 或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或_酸酐。 4.如凊求項3之化合物,其中A為〇。 如請求項3之化合物,其中^丨及…2各自獨立地為cm脂 族基、ci-6氟脂族基或-(CH2)m-CH2_RB,且!11為〇或i。 6.如請求項5之化合物,其中rB為經取代或未經取代之笨 基。 參 7·如請求項6之化合物,其中Rai為·CH2_rB,且妒為苯基。 8. 如凊求項3之化合物,其中Ral為_(CH2)m_CH(Ci4烷基)_ OH。 9. 如明求項3之化合物,其中RD在可取代環碳原子上經〇_2 個1^及0-2個R8d取代; 各R係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:Ci 6脂族基、c] 6 氟脂族基、_ 基、、_R2d、_T2_Rld 及 _T2_R2d, T為經0-2個獨立選擇之或R3b取代的ci6伸烷基 143338.doc 201024313 鏈’其中該伸烷基鏈視情況雜有-C(R5) = C(R5)-、 -CeC-或; 各Rld獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、 雜環基或環脂族環; 各R2d獨立地為-^[〇2、-01^、-(:(115) = (:(115)2、-(^(:- R5、-OR5、-SR6、-S(0)R6、-S02R6、-S02N(R4)2、-N(R4)2 、-nr4c(o)r5、-nr4c(o)n(r4)2、-n(r4)c(=nr4). n(r4)2、-n(r4)c(=nr4)-r6、-nr4co2r6、-n(r4)so2r6 、-N(R4)S02N(R4)2、-〇-C(0)R5、-〇C(〇)N(R4)2、-C(0)R5、 -C02R5、-C(0)N(R4)2、-C(0)N(R4)-〇R5、-C(〇)N(R4)C(=NR4)-N(R4)2 、-n(r4)c(=nr4)-n(r4)-c(o)r5或-C(=nr4)-n(r4)2 ; 各R3a係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:_F、_〇H、-0((^-4 烧基)、-CN、-N(R4)2、-(3(0)((^.4烷基)、_c〇2H、-C〇2 (Ci_4 烷基)、-c(〇)NH2 及-c(o)nh(c]_4 烷基); 各R獨立地為經R3a或R7取代或未經取代之C1 3脂族 基,或同一個碳原子上之兩個取代基R3b連同其所連接 之該碳原子一起形成3至6員環脂族環; 各R獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基或雜芳基 環; 各尺8<1係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:〇1_4脂族基、c〗4 氟脂族基、i 基、-OH、-〇(Cl^t 族基)、_NH2、_NH (C].4脂族基)及_叫(^_4脂族基)2;且 RD中之各可取代環氮原子係未經取代或經以下取代: C(0)R > -C(0)N(R4)2 . -C02R6 ' -S〇2R6 . -S02N(R4)2 143338.doc 201024313 、c!_4脂族基、經取代或未經取代之匕⑺芳基或芳 (c〗_4)烷基,其中該芳基部分經取代或未經取代。 10.如請求項3之化合物,其中: R中之各飽和環碳原子係未經取代或經=〇、Rd或rw 取代; RD中之各不飽和環碳原子係未經取代或經Rd或rW取 代; 各Rd係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:Ci6脂族基、 Ci-elL 脂族基、鹵基、-Rld、_R2d、_T2_Rld、_T2_R2d, T2為經0-2個獨立選擇之{^或以取代的Cb6伸烷 基鏈’其中該伸烷基鏈視情況雜有-C(R5)=C(R5)_ 、-C^C-或; 各Rld獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳 基、雜環基或環脂族環; 各 112£1獨立地為-N〇2、-CN、-C(R5)=C(R5)2、-OC-R5 、-OR5、-SR6、-S(0)R6、-S02R6、-S02N(R4)2、-N(R4)2 、-NR4C(0)R5、-NR4C(0)N(R4)2、-N(R4)C(=NR4)- n(r4)2、-n(r4)c(=nr4)-r6、-nr4co2r6、-n(r4)so2r6 、-n(r4)so2n(r4)2、-〇-C(0)R5、-0C(0)N(R4)2、 _C(0)R5、-C02R5、-C(0)N(R4)2、-C(0)N(R4)- or5、-c(o)n(r4)c(=nr4)-n(r4)2、-n(r4)c(=nr4)- n(r4)-c(o)r5或-C(=NR4)-N(R4)2 ; 各汉3&係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:-F、_0H、 -CHCw 烷基)、_CN、-N(R4)2、-(:(0)((:】.4 烷基)、 143338.doc 201024313 -C02H、-CO/Cw烷基)、-C(0)NH2及-(XCONHCCw 烷基); 各R3b獨立地為經R3a4R7取代或未經取代之CN3脂 族基,或同一個碳原子上之兩個取代基R3b連同其所 連接之該碳原子一起形成3至6員環脂族環; 各R7獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基或雜芳基 環; 各1^8(1係獨立地選自由以下組成之群:Cl.4脂族基、 Cl-4氟脂族基、鹵基、_〇H、_〇(Ci-4脂族基)、_NH2、_NH (c"脂族基)及-NiCw脂族基)2;且 rD中之各可取代環氮原子係未經取代或經以下取 代:-C(〇)R5、_C(〇)N(R4)2、_c〇2r6、_s〇2r6、_s〇^^r4)2 、q·4脂族基、經取代或未經取代之匕以芳基或芳 (I-4)烧基,其中该芳基部分經取代或未經取代。 11. 12. 如請求項7之化合物’其tRD為選自由以下組成之群之 經取代或未經取代之單環或雙環系統:苯基…比咬基、 嘲疋基。比噪基、萘基、苯并味唾基、啥琳基、異啥琳 基、啥料基、四氫㈣基、四氫異㈣基、四氣啥嗜 琳基及二氫苯并噁嗪基。 如請求項7之化合物d,其特徵為式(11):J43338.doc 201024313 或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或蝴酸酐,其中: p 具有式 Rd-S02-或 Rd-C(0)-; • 為選自由以下組成之群之經取代或未經取代之單 裱或雙環系統:苯基…比咬基…密咬基、n比嗓基、萘 基、苯并咪。坐基、喧琳基、異喧琳基、啥n若琳基、四 氣嗜琳基、四氫異㈣基、四氫t若琳基及二氯苯并 '•惡嗪基; R中之各飽和環碳原子係未經取代或經=〇、“或 R8d取代; RD中之各不飽和環碳原子係未經取代或經Rd或RSd 取代; 各Rd係獨立地選自由-Rid、礅2<1、_丁2次1(1及_丁242(1組 成之群; τ2為未經取代或經或R3b取代之Ci3伸烷基鏈; 各R獨立地為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、 雜環基或環脂族環,· 各尺2<1獨立地為-OR5、_SR6、-S(〇)r6、_s〇2r6、 -so2N(R4)2 . -N(R4)2 , -NR4C(0)R5 . -NR4C(0)N(R4)2 、-0-C(0)R5、_0C(0)N(r4)2、-C(〇)r5、c〇2r5 或 -C(0)N(R4)2 ;且 各R8ds獨立地選自由以下組成之群·· Cm脂族基、Cl_4 氟脂族基、i基、_〇H、-0(c〗_4脂族基)、_Nh2、_NH (Ci-4脂族基^_n(Ci_4脂族基L。 13·如請求項12之化合物,其中Rd具有式_q_rE ; 143338.doc 201024313 q為-Ο-、-NH-或-CH2-;且 RE為經取代或未經取代之芳基、雜芳基、雜環基或環 脂族環。 14. 如請求項12之化合物,其中RD為經式-0-RE之取代基取 代之苯基、°比啶基、。比嗪基或嘧啶基,且RE為經取代或 未經取代之苯基、。比啶基、。比嗪基或嘧啶基。 15. —種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1之化合物及醫藥學 上可接受之載劑。 16. —種如請求項1至14中任一項之化合物的用途,其係用 於製造治療癌症之藥物。 143338.doc 8- 201024313 四、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: 五、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式:143338.doc
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