TW201022503A - Unitised building system - Google Patents
Unitised building system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201022503A TW201022503A TW098131709A TW98131709A TW201022503A TW 201022503 A TW201022503 A TW 201022503A TW 098131709 A TW098131709 A TW 098131709A TW 98131709 A TW98131709 A TW 98131709A TW 201022503 A TW201022503 A TW 201022503A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- building
- structural frame
- building unit
- adjacent
- structural
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
- E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34869—Elements for special technical purposes, e.g. with a sanitary equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
- E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B2001/34892—Means allowing access to the units, e.g. stairs or cantilevered gangways
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
201022503 六、發明說明: 【發明戶斤屬之技術領域】 發明領域 本發明係有關一建築物系統。將連同高樓建築物的建 構來描述本發明,然而,本發明的態樣可應用在此領域外 且本發明不應視為受限於該示範性使用領域。 【先前技術;j 發明背景 已多方提議利用預製式建築物方法學以能夠便宜且快 速地建構建築物。預製式模組化系統的範例係包括下列先 前技藝文件所揭露者:美國專利案6 625,937;美國專利案 5,706,614 ;美國專利案4,12G,133 ;美國專利案6,826 879 ; 美國專利案4,045,937 ;美國專利案5,4〇2,608 ;美國專利案 4,807,401 ;美國專利案4,545,159及WO 2005/038155。 然而,一般而言,已提出的預製式系統只適合於單樓 層或低樓建築物且就其途徑來說概呈模組化,所以先天缺 乏彈性因而限制其應用。 本發明之-目的係提供一能夠用來建構高樓建築物之 非模組化、有彈性的建築物純,謂高樓賴物係指在 地表階層以上具有四或更多個階層。但顯然類似的技術可 被施用至較低高度的建築物而不脫離本發明。 -態樣之-目的係提供用於互連在建構建築物中所使用的 單元之經改良的技術。 【發明内容3 201022503 發明概要 在一態樣中’本發明係提供一利用複數個建築物單元 總成來建造一具有複數個階層的建築物之方法,其中各建 築物單元總成係結構性自我支撐且具有至少一側壁、一地 板及一屋頂,該方法包括下列步驟:將建築物單元總成揚 升至建築物中的位置内使得建築物的各階層包括一預定數 量的單元;在各階層中將相鄰單元連接至彼此;及將一階 層中的單元連接到垂直地位於該一階層上方或下方之至少 一相鄰階層中的對應單元。 該方法可進一步包括:建構至少一核心;及將與一核 心相鄰的單元連接至一核心’該配置可使相鄰階層之間的 垂直負荷主要被傳遞經過建築物單元總成且側向負荷被傳 遞至核心。 該方法可進一步包括:將結構性框架分段附接到一建 築物單元的至少一側壁以形成一建築物單元總成;及堆積 建築物單元總成藉以形成建築物的階層,其中一階層中的 結構性框架分段係垂直對準於至少一相鄰階層中的結構性 框架分段,其中因此使建築物單元總成的實質所有垂直負 荷被傳遞經過結構性框架分段。 部分實施例中,側向負荷由建築物單元所支承。 部分實施例中’側向負荷由一或多個核心所支承。 該方法可進一步包括下列步驟:在結構性框架分段各 者的頂部及底部上提供頂及底連接板以及使用緊固部件將 彼此垂直相鄰之結構性框架分段的頂及底板連接在一起。 201022503 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段係附接至一建築物單 元的側壁,藉以當建築物單元被放置成以一預定相對對準 與另一結構性框架分段呈側向相鄰時,建築物單元總成的 一結構性框架分段係與側向相鄰的建築物單元總成上之_ 結構性框架分段呈併列狀配置;且該方法可包括將彼此呈 併列狀配置的結構性框架分段連接在一起之步驟。 部分實施例中,將一階層中的單元連接至一垂直相鄰 階層中的對應單元之步驟係包括將較低階層中之結構性棺 架分段的頂部連接至較高階層中之結構性框架分段的底部 之步驟。 該方法可進一步包括下列步驟:將頂及下連接板分別 安裝於該等柱元件的頂及下端上;及將彼此併列狀配置之 結構性框架分段的頂連接板連接在一起。 該方法可進一步包括下列步驟:將彼此併列狀配置之 結構性框架分段的頂連接板連接至下個上方階層中的彼此 併列狀配置之結構性框架分段的下連接板之一者。 該方法可進一步包括下列步驟:藉由一長形夾固桿將 下連接板的另一者夾固於垂直相鄰的頂連接板之間。 另一態樣中,本發明提供一具有複數個階層之建築 物,該建築物包括:複數個建築物單元總成,其各為結構 性自我支撐且具有至少-側壁、—地板及頂;及結構 性框架分段,其附接到其至少—側壁,建築物單元總成的 群組被堆積以形成建築物中的階層,且其中建築物單元總 成係被堆積使得一階層中的結構性框架分段被垂直對準於 5 201022503 至少一相鄰階層中的結構性框架分段,其中因此使實質全 部垂直負荷被傳遞經過結構性框架分段且側向負荷被建築 物單元總成所支承。 部分實施例中,建築物可進一步包括一核心’而建築 物單元總成的群組可沿核心配置且與其連接,使得相鄰階 層之間的垂直負荷主要被傳遞經過建築物單元總成而非經 過核心。 部分實施例中,建築物進一步包括一或多個長形連接 部件,其延伸於被附接至一階層中的一建築物單元之一對 應的第一結構性框架分段的一頂部與被附接至另一階層中 的一建築物單元總成之一垂直對準的第二結構性框架分段 之一頂部之間,以使第一建築物元件的頂部可藉由該長形 連接部件被連接至第二結構性框架分段的頂部。 部分實施例中’複數個階層係包括放置在一第一定向 中之至少一建築物單元總成及與該第一定向呈正交放置之 至少一第二建築物單元總成,使得處於第一及第二正交定 向中的該等建築物單元總成作為拉撐件以支承側向負荷。 邛分實施例中,柱元件的端點係具有與其連接之安裝 件’其巾®此使安裝部件及結構性框架分段可被連接至 垂直地位於該-結構性框架分段上方或下方之結構性框架 分段之相鄰的板。 心刀實施例中’安裝部件包括頂及下連接板,且結構 性框架分段㈣於其所_的_物單元之區何使得在 建築物的—階㈣’相«築物單元總成的至少部分結構 201022503 ^刀奴係成對配置於彼此旁邊且其中堆積在該等相鄰 ^物t讀成的""者上之另—建築物單元總成的一結構 I·生框架5段之下連接板的至少—者係鋪覆於該對的頂連接 ,之至v。卩份上,其巾因此該至少—下連接板可與其連接 藉以將該等相_建築物單元總成及該另—建築物單元總 成連接在一起。201022503 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of Inventions] Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building system. The invention will be described in connection with the construction of a tall building, however, aspects of the invention may be applied outside of the field and the invention should not be construed as being limited to the exemplary field of use. [Prior Art; j Background of the Invention Various proposals have been made to utilize prefabricated building methodology to enable the construction of buildings inexpensively and quickly. Examples of prefabricated modular systems include those disclosed in the following prior art documents: U.S. Patent No. 6,625,937; U.S. Patent No. 5,706,614; U.S. Patent No. 4,12, 133; U.S. Patent No. 6,826,879; U.S. Patent No. 4,045,937; Patent No. 5,4,2,608; U.S. Patent No. 4,807,401; U.S. Patent No. 4,545,159 and WO 2005/038155. However, in general, the proposed prefabricated system is only suitable for single-floor or low-rise buildings and is modular in terms of its approach, so it is inherently lacking in flexibility and thus limits its application. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a non-modular, flexible building that can be used to construct tall buildings, that is, a tall building means having four or more classes above the surface level. However, it is apparent that similar techniques can be applied to buildings of lower height without departing from the invention. - The purpose - the purpose is to provide an improved technique for interconnecting the units used in constructing a building. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 3 201022503 Summary of the Invention In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a building having a plurality of levels using a plurality of building unit assemblies, wherein each building unit assembly is structurally self-contained Supporting and having at least one side wall, a floor and a roof, the method comprising the steps of: ascending the building unit assembly into a position within the building such that each level of the building comprises a predetermined number of units; The intermediate units are connected to each other; and the units in one level are connected to corresponding units in at least one adjacent level vertically above or below the one level. The method can further include: constructing at least one core; and connecting the unit adjacent to a core to a core. The configuration enables vertical load between adjacent levels to be primarily transmitted through the building unit assembly and lateral load Passed to the core. The method can further include: attaching the structural frame segment to at least one side wall of a building unit to form a building unit assembly; and stacking the building unit assembly to form a hierarchy of the building, wherein The structural frame segments are vertically aligned with the structural frame segments in at least one adjacent hierarchy, wherein substantially all of the vertical load of the building unit assembly is passed through the structural frame segments. In some embodiments, the lateral load is supported by the building unit. In some embodiments, the lateral load is supported by one or more cores. The method may further comprise the steps of: providing top and bottom webs on the top and bottom of each of the structural frame segments and joining the top and bottom panels of the structural frame segments that are vertically adjacent each other using fastening members . 201022503 In some embodiments, the structural frame segments are attached to the side walls of a building unit such that when the building units are placed laterally adjacent to another structural frame segment with a predetermined relative alignment a structural frame segment of the building unit assembly and the laterally adjacent building unit assembly _ structural frame segments are juxtaposed; and the method may include juxtaposition of each other The steps of joining structural segments together. In some embodiments, the step of connecting cells in a hierarchy to corresponding cells in a vertically adjacent hierarchy comprises connecting the tops of the structural truss segments in the lower hierarchy to the structural framework in the higher hierarchy The steps at the bottom of the segment. The method may further comprise the steps of: mounting the top and bottom webs on the top and bottom ends of the column elements, respectively; and joining the top webs of the structural frame segments arranged side by side with each other. The method may further comprise the step of connecting the top webs of the structural frame segments arranged side by side to one of the lower webs of the structural frame segments arranged side by side in the next upper level. The method may further comprise the step of clamping the other of the lower webs between the vertically adjacent top webs by an elongate clamping rod. In another aspect, the present invention provides a building having a plurality of levels, the building comprising: a plurality of building unit assemblies each structurally self-supporting and having at least a side wall, a floor and a roof; A structural frame segment attached to at least its side walls, a group of building unit assemblies stacked to form a hierarchy in the building, and wherein the building unit assembly is stacked such that the structurality in a hierarchy The frame segments are vertically aligned with the structural frame segments in at least one adjacent stratum of 5 201022503, wherein substantially all of the vertical load is transmitted through the structural frame segments and the lateral loads are supported by the building unit assembly . In some embodiments, the building may further include a core' and the group of building unit assemblies may be configured along the core and connected thereto such that vertical loads between adjacent levels are primarily passed through the building unit assembly instead of After the core. In some embodiments, the building further includes one or more elongate connecting members extending over a top portion of the first structural frame segment corresponding to one of the building units attached to a hierarchy Connecting to one of the tops of one of the second structural frame segments of one of the building unit assemblies in another level, such that the top of the first building element can be Connect to the top of the second structural frame segment. In some embodiments, the plurality of levels includes at least one building unit assembly disposed in a first orientation and at least one second building unit assembly disposed orthogonally to the first orientation such that The building unit assemblies in the first and second orthogonal orientations act as tension members to support lateral loads. In a sub-embodiment embodiment, the end of the post member has a mounting member attached thereto's towel® which allows the mounting member and the structural frame segment to be connected vertically above or below the segment of the structural frame. Adjacent boards of structural frame segments. In the embodiment of the heart-knife, the 'mounting member includes the top and bottom connecting plates, and the structural frame segment (4) in the area of the _ object unit of the building makes the - (four) 'phase' assembly unit of the building At least part of the structure 201022503 ^the knife slaves are arranged in pairs next to each other and stacked in the "other" of the adjacent objects t-the other one of the building unit assembly At least one of the connecting plates below the segment is laid over the top connection of the pair, to v. In the case, the towel can be connected to the at least the lower connecting plate to connect the phase building unit assembly and the other building unit assembly together.
部分實施例中,安裝部件包括頂及下連接板,且結構 性框架分段相對於其所賴的建築鮮元之區位可使得在 建築物的―階層巾,相«祕單元總成的至少部分結構 I·生忙架刀·Μ系成對配置於彼此旁邊,連接板的配置係使得 對於經垂直對準對的結構性框架分段*言,其連接板的至 少三者可被連接在一起。 部分實施例中,建築物可進一步包括第一連接部件, 其用於使-階層内之相鄰的建築物單元總成彼此連接;及 第二連接料,其驗將—階層_賴物單元總成連接 至與該一階層相鄰之相鄰建築物單元總成階層。 另一態樣中,本發明提供一具有複數個階層的建築 物’該等階層有至少部分包括複數個自我支撐式建築物單 元’ S玄等自我支撑式建築物單元各包括一與其連接的結構 性框架分段,其適可支撐該階層上方之另一階層的垂直負 荷,其中.建築物包括至少一較高階層及一較低階層,其 中較低階層上之建築物單元的框架分段之結構性強度係大 於較咼階層中之對應框架分段的結構性強度。 部分實施例中,建築物包括較高階層的一群組及較低 7 201022503 階層的一群組,其中較低階層的群㈣之對應結構性框架 分段的結構性強度係實質地相等且較高階層的* ' 應結構性框架分段的結構性強度係實質地相等 部分實施例中,較低階層的群組 T之結構性框举公J5* 的結構性強度可大於較高階層的群% 〃 結構性強度。 、之對應框架分段的 結構性框架分段較佳位於自我* 我支撐式建築物單元外 都〇 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段係 支樓式建築物單元之柱元件。 包含被附接至自我In some embodiments, the mounting component includes a top and a bottom web, and the structural frame segment is positioned relative to the building element on which it is located, such that at least a portion of the building's "class" The structure I·lively knives and tethers are arranged in pairs next to each other, and the connection plates are arranged such that at least three of the connecting plates can be connected together for the structural frame segments of the vertically aligned pairs. . In some embodiments, the building may further include a first connecting component for connecting adjacent building unit assemblies within the hierarchy to each other; and a second connecting material, the first detecting component Connected to an adjacent building unit assembly hierarchy adjacent to the one level. In another aspect, the present invention provides a building having a plurality of levels 'the classes have at least a portion including a plurality of self-supporting building units'. The self-supporting building units of S Xuan each include a structure connected thereto. a segment of a sexual framework that is adapted to support the vertical load of another stratum above the stratum, wherein the building comprises at least one higher stratum and a lower stratum, wherein the frame segment of the building unit on the lower stratum The structural strength is greater than the structural strength of the corresponding frame segment in the lower class. In some embodiments, the building includes a group of higher classes and a group of lower 7 201022503 classes, wherein the structural strengths of the corresponding structural frame segments of the lower level group (4) are substantially equal and The high-level *' should be structurally the same as the structural strength of the structural segmentation. In the embodiment, the structural strength of the lower-level group T can be greater than that of the higher-level group. % 〃 Structural strength. The structural frame segment of the corresponding frame segment is preferably located outside the self-supporting building unit. In some embodiments, the structural frame segmentation is the column element of the building-type building unit. Contains being attached to the self
部分實施例中,建築物單元配置於-階層内藉以界定 其中設有該等結構性《分段之鄰近的自我支撲式建築物 單元之間的空間。 部分實施例中’經垂直對準之鄰近對的自我支揮式建 築物單元之間的空間係具有實質相同的寬度。In some embodiments, the building unit is disposed within the hierarchy to define a space between the self-supporting building units in which the structural segments are located. In some embodiments, the space between the vertically aligned adjacent pairs of self-supporting building units has substantially the same width.
部分實施例中,所有鄰近的自我支撐式建築物單元之 間的空間係具有實質相同的寬度。 部分實施例中,結構性框架元件皆具有對於供其設置 的鄰近自我支撐式建築物單元之間的空間呈橫向之實質相 同的寬度。 部分實施例中’藉由改變下列至少一者來提供兩結構 性框架元件之間的一相對強度差異: 結構性框架元件的—相對壁厚度; 沿著鄰近自我支撐式建築物單元之間的空間所測量之 8 201022503 結構性框架元件的一相對深度。 另態樣中,七供有一用於配合至一自我支撑式建築 物單元之結構性框架分段,該結構性框架分段係包括:至 》負何支承柱構件;位於其各端上之安裳部件,其用於 將結構性《分段㈣^ —類似的自我切式建築物單 元或建築物元件。 β分實施财,料部件包括—接合部分,其用於在In some embodiments, the spaces between all adjacent self-supporting building units have substantially the same width. In some embodiments, the structural frame members each have substantially the same width transverse to the space between adjacent self-supporting building units for which they are disposed. In some embodiments, 'a relative strength difference between two structural frame elements is provided by altering at least one of: the relative wall thickness of the structural frame elements; the space between adjacent self-supporting building units The measured 8 201022503 a relative depth of structural frame elements. In another aspect, seven is provided with a structural frame segment for mating to a self-supporting building unit, the structural frame segment comprising: to a negative support column member; A skirting component that is used to construct a structural "segment (4)"-like self-cutting building unit or building element. The β component is implemented, and the material component includes a joint portion for
使用中接合-㈣直對準的結構性框架分段之—經合作定 形的接合部分。 '部分實施例中,安裝部件係為被附接至柱構件端點之 連接板。 柱構件係包括一鋼柱或一混凝 部分實施例中,至少 土柱的任一者。 使用中’柱元件相對於其所連接的建築物單元之區位 係可使得在建築物的一階層内,相鄰建築物單元的至少部 係成對配置於彼此旁邊4其中堆積在該等相鄰 建築物料-者上之另-建築物單S的—柱元件之下連接 Ρ至f-者係鋪覆於該對的頂連接板之至少部份上,其 物單元及w 了與其連接藉以將該等相鄰建築 物卓兀及该另-建築物單元連接在—起。 =實施财,柱元件相對於其所連接的建築物單元 小;=使得在建築物的-階層中,相鄰建築物單元的至 i;二:Γ成對配置於彼此旁邊,連接板的配置係使 于對於㈣輕準對的柱元件㈣,其連接板的至少:者 9 201022503 可連接在一起。 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段具有一安裝部件,其 被定形為在使用中匹配於一水平相鄰的結構性框架分段之 一安裝部件。 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段包括複數個柱元件, 該等複數個柱元件被一部件所耦合以將負荷分配於至少成 對的複數個柱之間。 部分實施例中,包括一用以便利對準於其他建築物元 件之引導表©。 · 部分實施例中,引導表面係包括安裝部件的一表面之 至少一部分。 部分實施例中,引導表面包括一柱元件的至少一部分。 . 部分實施例中,安裝部件包括一角狀引導表面,其用 ’ 於在使用中將安裝部件引導成為與一經對應定形的安裝部 件呈正確對準。 部分實施例中,引導表面包括使用中之—垂直延伸部 分,其能夠藉由引導表面相對於建築物元件滑動來調整妗 Ο 構性框架分段相對於另一建築物等的垂直對準。 部分實施例中,安裝部件包括至少一安裝板,其包括 一推拔以提供一角狀引導表面。 部分實施例中,安裝部件包括一概呈梯形的板,其在 使用中對於一經水平對準的對應結構性框架分段提供—推 拔狀引導表面。 部分實施例中,在一概呈垂直方向中從安装板的一表 10 201022503 面延伸之至少一柱元件係被定位成可使一柱元件的一表面 之至少一部分實質地對準於用以形成一安裝部件的一引導 表面的部份且自其延伸離開之一梯形頂板的一頂點,以使 柱元件的一表面的部分提供引導表面的一延續。 另一態樣中,本發明提供一建構一建築物單元之方 法,該建築物單元係用來建造一含有複數個階層的建築 物,該方法包括:⑻建構一包括一地板、屋頂及至少一侧 壁之自我支撐式單元,以藉此界定該單元的一内部及該單 元的一外部;(b)將至少一框架分段附接至單元的外部,以 在使用中結構性支撐一配置於建築物單元總成上方之建築 物單元總成。 該方法可進一步包括:(c)在步驟(b)之前進行一應力減 除步驟。 步驟⑻可進一步包括:在一夾具或夾固件中建構自我 支撐式單元;及步驟(c)可包括釋放由夾具或夾固件施加的 一夾固力。 步驟(C)可包括讓自我支撐式單元中的熱引發式應力得 以消散。 部分實施例中,步驟(a)可包括下列建構步驟的一或多 者: 自複數個地板面板形成一地板; 自複數個壁面板形成至少一壁; 自複數個框架構件形成一框架; 自複數個屋頂面板形成一屋頂; 11 201022503 將一壁、地板或屋頂的至少一者附接至一框架; 附接至少一壁或壁組件地板; 將一屋頂或至少一屋頂面板附接到至少一壁。 部分實施例中,框架分段係包括根據本發明之一態樣 的一實施例之一結構性框架分段。 該方法可包括參考-❹储紐_分段來界定自 我支撐式單元外部之至少一資料點。 該方法可進-步包括參考至少—資料點來配裝建築物 單元内部的至少部份。 © 該方法可進-步包括參考至少_資料點將至少 一正面 元件附裝至建築物單元總成。 邛刀實施例中,該方法可包括將—測量從至少一資料 一 點轉移至自我支撐式單元的内部。 > 樣中纟發明包括一用於佈言免—具有複數個階 層的建築物之方法,包括: 設计該等地板的一佈局; 界定-對於複數個垂线祕階層共通之結構性⑽ © 柵; 在柱格栅陳之間界定各階層中的複數個單元 ,使得 枉格柵配置於水平相鄰單元之間的—空間中。 刀實施例中’該方法進一步包括··調整該怖局以容 納柱格柵以及水平相鄰單元之間的空間。 β方法可it纟包括:界定—對於所有階唐共通之結 構性柱格栅。 12 201022503 部分實關巾,該方純-步包括:界定與複數個階 層群組呈現對應之複數個柱格柵。 該方法可進-步包括將一轉移結構定位於用以形成複 數個群組的階層群組之間。 另-態樣中,本發明提供-建構建築物之方法;該方 法=括:使用根據本發明另-態樣的—實施例之一方法來 :設-建築物’及製造該佈局的複數個自我支撐式建築物 早凡’其巾各單元係具有-與其㈣之相聯結的結構性支 撐分段,其對準於經界定的柱格栅。 部分實施例中,該方法進一步包括建構建築物的至少 一原位組件。 部分實施例中,該方法進一步包括以建築物的原位組 件之㈣定配置來堆積複數個自我支収㈣物單元總 成以及將自我續歧㈣單元總錢接在-起且連接至 自我支擇式建築物單元總成。 邻刀實施例中,該方法進一步包括以如建築物建構前 的佈局所界定之彼此的—關絲定位複數個自我支撑式建 築物單元總成。 部刀實施例巾,該方法可進—步包括在經依此定位的 我支擇式建築物單元總成上進行下列步驟的任一者: 檢查鄰近自我支揮式建築物單元總成的至少組件 的公差; ^檢查鄰近自我支撑式建築物單元總成的結構性支樓分 段之間的正確垂直及/或水平對準; 13 201022503 配裝自我支撐式建築物單元總成的一内部之至少部 份; 暫時性連接至少兩自我支撐式建築物單元總成之間的 一服務件; 從一自我支撐式建築物單元總成切斷一經暫時連接的 服務件; 將一正面或包覆組件配合至一自我支撐式建築物單元 總成。 本發明的進—步態樣係包括但不限於:建築物,建築 物單兀總成’建築物單元,結構性支撐分段,及前述各者 的組件’其係根據此處所描述方法予以製造或組裝、或使 用於該等方法中。 根據本發明,提供一利用複數個建築物單元總成建造 具有複數個階層的建築物之方法,其巾各㈣物單元總 成係為結構性自我支撐並具有側壁、一地板及一屋頂該 方法包括下列步驟:將建築物單元總成揚升至建築物中的 位置中以使建築物的各階層包括-預定數量的單元;在各 1¾層中將相鄰單凡連接至彼此;及將一階層中的單元連接 至相鄰階層中垂直地位於該等單元上方及下方之對應單 元。 本發明亦提供—㈣複數個㈣物單元總纽造一具 有複數個尸白層的南樓建築物之方法其中各建築物單元總 成係為結構性自我支撐並具有側壁、一地板及一屋頂該 方法包括下列步驟:建構一核心;將建築物單元總成揚升 14 201022503 至建築物中的位置内以使建築物的各階層包括一預定數量 的單元’及將與核心相鄰的單元連接至核心,該配置可使 相鄰階層之間的垂直負荷主要被傳遞經過建築物單元總成 且侧向負荷被傳遞經過壁、地板、屋頂或其他勁性元件或 者利用拉撐部件被傳遞至核心。 本發明亦提供一使用複數個建築物單元總成建造一具 有複數個階層的高樓建築物之方法,其中各建築物單元總 成係為結構性自我支撐並具有側壁、一地板及一屋頂,該 方法包括下列步驟:將結構性框架分段附接至建築物單元 總成的侧壁;堆積建築物單元總成藉以形成建築物的階 層’其中一階層中的結構性框架分段係被垂直對準於至少 一相鄰階層中的結構性框架分段,其中因此使實質全部的 垂直負荷被傳遞經過結構性框架分段,且側向負荷受到彼 此正交放置作為拉撐件的建築物單元總成或諸如核心等其 他勁性元件所支承。 較佳地’該方法進一步包括下列步驟:在結構性框架 分段各者的頂部及底部上設置頂及底連接板以及使用緊固 部件將彼此垂直相鄰之結構性框架分段的頂及底連接板連 接在一起。 較佳地,該方法進一步包括下列步驟:將彼此側向地 相鄰之建築物單元總成的結構性框架分段配置成使其頂及 底板彼此側向地相鄰以及利用緊固部件將彼此側向地相鄰 之結構性框架分段的頂及底板連接在一起。 較佳地,該方法進一步包括下列步驟:在彼此側向地 15 201022503 相鄰之建築物單元總成的頂板上設置互補部分,且其中該 方法包括下列步驟:分別提供彼此側向地相鄰之建築物單 元總成的結構性框架分段之第一及第二底板以及將第一底 板配置於該等互補部分上方,其中因此使得緊固部件垂直 地且側向地連接頂及底板。 較佳地’該方法包括下列步驟:將一長形連接桿的下 端連接至被垂直地堆積於一第二建築物單元總成下方之第 一建築物單元總成的一結構性框架分段之一第一頂板以及 將連接桿的頂端連接至第二建築物單元總成的一第二頂板 ® 其中因此使得第一及第二頂板被夹固在一起。 本發明亦提供一具有複數個階層之建築物,該建築物 包括.複數個建築物單元總成,其各者係為結構性自我支 撐並具有側壁、一地板及一屋頂,建築物單元總成的群組 , 被堆積以形成建築物中的階層;第一連接部件,其用於將 一階層内的相鄰建築物單元總成連接至彼此;及第二連接 部件’其用於將-階層内的建築物單讀成連接至與該— 階層相鄰之相鄰建築物單元總成階層。 _ 較佳地,該建築物的特徵係在於:其不具有經互連的 建築物單元總成所提供者以外之結構性架構。 本發明亦提供-具有複數個階層之建築物,該建築物 包括:複數個建築物單元總成’其各者係為結構性自我支 撐並具有側壁、一地板及一屋頂;一核心,建築物單元總 成的群組被堆積於核心旁邊以形成建築物中的階層;及連 接部件’其用於將與核心相鄰的單元連接至核心,該配置 16 201022503 係可使相鄰階層之間的垂直 元總成而非經過核心。 負荷主要被傳遞經過建築物單 本發明亦提供—具有複數個階層之建築物, 數個«物單域成,其各者料結構性自我支 二、彻!壁地板及一屋頂以及被附接至建築物單元 〜、的侧壁之結構性框架分段,建築物單元總成的群組被 堆2以形成建築物中的階層,且其中堆積建築物單元總成In use, the joint-(four) straight-aligned structural frame segments are cooperatively shaped joints. In some embodiments, the mounting component is a web attached to the end of the post member. The column member comprises a steel column or a coagulated portion, at least any of the soil columns. In use, the location of the column elements relative to the building unit to which they are attached may be such that, within a hierarchy of buildings, at least portions of adjacent building units are arranged in pairs adjacent to each other 4 in which the adjacent ones are stacked The construction material - the other of the building - S - the column element under the column element Ρ to f - is laid on at least part of the pair of top connection plates, the object unit and w connected with it The adjacent buildings are connected to the other building unit. = implementation of the financial, column elements are small relative to the building unit to which they are connected; = in the building - level, adjacent building units to i; two: Γ pairs are placed next to each other, the configuration of the connecting plate For the column element (4) for (4) light alignment, at least: 9 201022503 of the connecting plate can be connected together. In some embodiments, the structural frame segment has a mounting component that is shaped to match a mounting component of a horizontally adjacent structural frame segment in use. In some embodiments, the structural frame segment includes a plurality of column elements coupled by a component to distribute the load between at least a plurality of pairs of columns. In some embodiments, a guide table © is provided to facilitate alignment with other building elements. In some embodiments, the guiding surface comprises at least a portion of a surface of the mounting component. In some embodiments, the guiding surface includes at least a portion of a post element. In some embodiments, the mounting member includes an angled guide surface for guiding the mounting member in use to properly align with a correspondingly shaped mounting member. In some embodiments, the guiding surface includes an in-use vertical extension that is capable of adjusting the vertical alignment of the 构 构 frame segment relative to another building or the like by sliding the guiding surface relative to the building element. In some embodiments, the mounting component includes at least one mounting plate that includes a push-out to provide an angular guide surface. In some embodiments, the mounting member includes a generally trapezoidal plate that, in use, provides a push-like guide surface for a horizontally aligned corresponding structural frame segment. In some embodiments, at least one of the pillar elements extending from a surface of the mounting plate 10 201022503 in a substantially vertical direction is positioned such that at least a portion of a surface of a pillar element is substantially aligned for forming a A portion of a guiding surface of the mounting member and extending therefrom away from an apex of one of the trapezoidal top plates such that a portion of a surface of the post member provides a continuation of the guiding surface. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of constructing a building unit for constructing a building having a plurality of levels, the method comprising: (8) constructing a floor, a roof, and at least one a self-supporting unit of the side wall to thereby define an interior of the unit and an exterior of the unit; (b) attaching at least one frame segment to the exterior of the unit to structurally support a configuration in use Building unit assembly above the building unit assembly. The method may further comprise: (c) performing a stress reduction step prior to step (b). Step (8) may further comprise: constructing a self-supporting unit in a clamp or clamp; and step (c) may comprise releasing a clamping force applied by the clamp or clamp. Step (C) may include dissipating the thermally induced stress in the self-supporting unit. In some embodiments, step (a) may comprise one or more of the following construction steps: forming a floor from a plurality of floor panels; forming at least one wall from the plurality of wall panels; forming a frame from the plurality of frame members; a roof panel forming a roof; 11 201022503 attaching at least one of a wall, floor or roof to a frame; attaching at least one wall or wall assembly floor; attaching a roof or at least one roof panel to at least one wall . In some embodiments, the frame segmentation comprises a structural frame segment of an embodiment in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. The method can include a reference-storage_segment to define at least one data point external to the self-supporting unit. The method can further include at least a portion of the interior of the building unit with reference to at least the data point. © This method can further include attaching at least one front component to the building unit assembly with reference to at least the data point. In the trowel embodiment, the method can include transferring the measurement from at least one of the data to the interior of the self-supporting unit. > The sample invention includes a method for circumspecting a building having a plurality of classes, including: designing a layout of the floors; defining - a structure common to a plurality of vertical lines (10) © a grid; defining a plurality of cells in each level between the column grids such that the grids are disposed in a space between horizontally adjacent units. In the knife embodiment, the method further includes adjusting the situation to accommodate the column grid and the space between the horizontally adjacent units. The beta method can include: defining - a structural column grid common to all orders. 12 201022503 Partially realized towel, the pure-step of the party includes: defining a plurality of column grids corresponding to the plurality of layer groups. The method can further include positioning a transition structure between hierarchical groups for forming a plurality of groups. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of constructing a building; the method includes: using one of the embodiments according to the present invention to: design a building and manufacture a plurality of the layout Self-supporting buildings have a structural support segment that is associated with its (four), which is aligned with a defined column grid. In some embodiments, the method further includes constructing at least one in situ component of the building. In some embodiments, the method further includes stacking a plurality of self-contracting (four) object unit assemblies in a (four) configuration of the in-situ component of the building and connecting the self-renewing (four) unit total money to and from the self-support Alternative building unit assembly. In a neighboring knife embodiment, the method further includes positioning a plurality of self-supporting building unit assemblies in accordance with each other, as defined by the layout prior to construction of the building. The knives embodiment towel, the method further comprising: performing any of the following steps on the arbitrarily selected building unit assembly positioned thereby: inspecting at least the adjacent self-supporting building unit assembly Component tolerances; ^Check for proper vertical and/or horizontal alignment between structural branch sections adjacent to self-supporting building unit assemblies; 13 201022503 Fitted with an internal part of a self-supporting building unit assembly At least partially; temporarily connecting a service piece between at least two self-supporting building unit assemblies; cutting a temporarily connected service piece from a self-supporting building unit assembly; placing a front or cladding component Fitted to a self-supporting building unit assembly. The continuation of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a building, a building unit assembly, a building unit, a structural support segment, and a component of the foregoing, which is manufactured in accordance with the methods described herein. Or assembled, or used in such methods. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing a building having a plurality of levels using a plurality of building unit assemblies, wherein each of the four (four) element unit assemblies is structurally self-supporting and has side walls, a floor and a roof. The method includes the steps of: ascending the building unit assembly into a position in the building such that each level of the building includes - a predetermined number of units; connecting adjacent ones to each other in each of the 13⁄4 layers; and The cells in the hierarchy are connected to corresponding cells in the adjacent hierarchy that are vertically above and below the cells. The present invention also provides - (d) a plurality of (four) object units to create a south building having a plurality of corpse white layers, wherein each building unit assembly is structurally self-supporting and has side walls, a floor and a roof The method comprises the steps of: constructing a core; lifting the building unit assembly 14 201022503 into a position within the building such that each level of the building includes a predetermined number of units 'and connecting the units adjacent to the core To the core, this configuration allows vertical loads between adjacent levels to be primarily passed through the building unit assembly and lateral loads are transmitted through walls, floors, roofs or other stiff elements or transferred to the core using bracing members . The present invention also provides a method of constructing a tall building having a plurality of levels using a plurality of building unit assemblies, wherein each building unit assembly is structurally self-supporting and has side walls, a floor and a roof. The method comprises the steps of: attaching a structural frame segment to a side wall of a building unit assembly; stacking a building unit assembly to form a hierarchy of buildings; wherein the structural frame segments in one of the segments are vertical Aligning to structural frame segments in at least one adjacent level, wherein substantially all of the vertical load is transmitted through the structural frame segments, and the lateral loads are subject to building elements that are placed orthogonally to each other as bracing members The assembly is supported by other stiff components such as the core. Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: providing top and bottom webs on the top and bottom of each of the structural frame segments and top and bottom of the structural frame segments vertically adjacent to each other using fastening members The connecting plates are connected together. Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: configuring the structural frame segments of the building unit assemblies laterally adjacent to each other such that their top and bottom plates are laterally adjacent to each other and to each other with fastening members The top and bottom plates of the laterally adjacent structural frame segments are joined together. Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: providing complementary portions on the top plate of the building unit assembly adjacent to each other laterally 15 201022503, and wherein the method comprises the steps of providing laterally adjacent ones, respectively The first and second bottom plates of the structural frame segment of the building unit assembly and the first bottom plate are disposed over the complementary portions, wherein the fastening members thereby connect the top and bottom plates vertically and laterally. Preferably, the method comprises the steps of: connecting the lower end of an elongated connecting rod to a structural frame segment of the first building unit assembly vertically stacked below a second building unit assembly A first top panel and a second top panel® connecting the top end of the connecting rod to the second building unit assembly thereby allowing the first and second top panels to be clamped together. The present invention also provides a building having a plurality of levels, the building comprising a plurality of building unit assemblies, each of which is structurally self-supporting and having side walls, a floor and a roof, and a building unit assembly Groups, stacked to form a hierarchy in a building; first connecting members for connecting adjacent building unit assemblies within a hierarchy to each other; and second connecting members 'for a-level The building inside is read as being connected to the adjacent building unit assembly hierarchy adjacent to the hierarchy. Preferably, the building is characterized by: it does not have a structural architecture other than that provided by the interconnected building unit assemblies. The present invention also provides a building having a plurality of levels, the building comprising: a plurality of building unit assemblies 'each of which are structurally self-supporting and having side walls, a floor and a roof; a core, a building A group of unit assemblies is stacked next to the core to form a hierarchy in the building; and a connecting component 'which is used to connect the units adjacent to the core to the core, the configuration 16 201022503 Vertical element assembly instead of core. The load is mainly transmitted through the building list. The invention is also provided by the invention - a building with a plurality of classes, a plurality of "single-single fields, each of which is structurally self-supporting, thorough! Wall floor and a roof and attached a structural frame segment to the side wall of the building unit ~, the group of building unit assemblies is piled 2 to form a hierarchy in the building, and the stacked building unit assembly
Λ 使得Ρ6層巾的結構性框架分段垂直地對準於至少一相鄰 ^層中的結構性框架分段,其中因此使得實質全部垂直負 荷被傳遞經過結構性框架分段,且側向負荷被放置作為拉 撐件的建築物單①總成或諸如騎土或鋼核心等其他勁性 元件所支承。 較佳地,建築物係包括連接部件,其用於將一階層中 的建築物單元總成之結構性框架分段連接至—相鄰階層中 的建築物單元總成之相鄰結構性框架分段。 較佳地,結構性框架分段的端點係具有與其連接之連 接板’其中因此可使板及結構性框架分段被連接至垂直地 位於該一板上方或下方之結構性框架分段的相鄰板。 較佳地,該一結構性框架分段的板可被連接至與其侧 向地相鄰之結構性框架分段的板。 較佳地’垂直對準的相鄰結構性框架分段係具有設有 突部及凹部之板’突部及凹部彼此互補以在堆積時使柱能 夠精確對準。 較佳地,第一及第二側向相鄰的結構性框架分段之頂 17 201022503 或底板係包括互補部分,互獅分中具有各別的螺栓孔, 其中因此使得與第一及第二結構性框架分段垂直地相鄰之 -第二結構性框架分段的底或頂板鋪覆於該等互補部分上 並具有對準於該等互補部分中的螺栓孔之螺栓孔,其中因 此可利用螺检將該等第_、第二及第三結構性框架分段的 板夾固在一起。 較佳地’結構性框架分段的頂板係包括該等互補部分。 更佳地’使頂板包括該等凹部且底板包括該等突部。 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段係設有頂及下連接 0 板,且其中結構性框架分段相對於其所連接的建築物單元 總成之區位係可在建築物的_階層中使得相鄰建築物單元 總成的至少部分結構性框架分段成對配置於彼此旁邊且其 中堆積於該等相鄰建築物單元總成一者上之另一建築物單 ’ 元總成的一結構性框架分段之下連接板的至少一者係舖覆 . 於β玄等對之頂連接板的至少部份上,其中因此可使至少— 下連接板與其連接以將該等相鄰建驗單元總成及該另— 建築物單元總成連接在一起。 參 部分實施例中,結構性框架分段係設有頂及下連接 板,且其中結構性框架分段相對於其所連接的建築物單元 總成之區位係可在建築物的一階層中使得相鄰建築物單元 總成的至少部分結構性框架分段成對配置於彼此旁邊連 接板的配置係使得對於經垂直對準對的結構性框架分段而 言’其連接板的至少三者可被連接在一起。 較佳地’頂連接板或下連接板的兩者係具有互補形狀 18 201022503 以使該等至少三個連接板的第三者鋪覆於或埋置於該等兩 板上方或下方。 較佳地,連接板包括孔控,孔徑被配置成對準於該等 至少三個連接板中且緊固件可穿過孔徑以將該等三個連接 板連接在一起。 較佳地,鋪覆及埋置的連接板對係包括彼此互鎖之第 一及第二形態。 較佳地,形態係包括突部及凹部。 較佳地,突部位於鋪覆的連接板之底側上’而凹部位 於埋置的連接板之上側上。 部分實施例中,侧向負荷可被建築物單元的地板及屋 頂所支承,且其中至少部分的結構性框架分段係包括至少 一中空柱元件;建築物進一步包括延伸經過至少部分中空 柱元件之長形連接部件,其中因此可使一階層中之結構性 框糸分段的頂部被該等長形連接部件連接至建築物中的一 相鄰階層中之結構性框架分段的頂部。 圖式簡單說明 現在參照圖式僅藉由非限制性範例來進一步描述本發 明的示範性實施例,其中: 第1圖為本發明的一實施例之一建築物單元總成的示 意立體圖; 第2A至2E圖顯示利用不同建築物材料所建構之本發 明的實施例之建築物單元總成; 第3A圖為彼此分開之兩建築物單元總成的示意平面 19 201022503 圖, 第3B圖為顯示被連接在一起之兩相鄰建築物單元總成 的示意平面圖; 第4A至4D圖為顯示用於建築物單元之不同平面形狀 的示意平面圖; 第5A至5G圖為顯示利用不同方式堆積以建構不同形 狀的高樓建築物之建築物單元總成的示意圖; 第6圖為一幢二十階層建築物的示意側壁圖; 第7A、7B及7C圖為具有核心的建築物之示意等角圖; 第8圖為一具有一分佈式核心之建築物的示意等角圖; 第9圖為一建築物的示意側視圖,圖中顯示柱元件可如 何根據建築物内的高度來改變尺寸; ,· 第10圖為一高樓建築物的五個階層之示意等角圖; _ 第11A至11E圖顯示位於不同階層中之單元; 第12圖為顯示位於建築物的一階層内之單元的互連之 較詳細示意圖; 應 第13A圖為用於一公寓建築物之地板平面圖; 第13B、13C、13D及13E圖為使用本發明的單元之典型 公寓; 第14A及14B圖顯示根據本發明所建構之一旅館的較 低及較高地板平面圖階層; 第14C圖為一適合使用於第14A及14B圖的建築物中之 建築物單元總成的較詳細圖式; 第15A圖為一具有住宅及辦公室居所之建築物的地板 20 201022503 平面圖佈局; 第15B圖顯示供第15A圖建築物的住宅部份所用之單 元的一可能配置; 第16圖為顯示一建築物單元總成的更多細部之示意橫 剖端視圖; 第17圖為一形式的一下安裝區塊之示意立體圖; 第18圖為一下安裝區塊的平面圖; 第19及20圖為下安裝區塊的正交側視圖; 第21圖為一上安裝區塊的示意立體圖; 第22圖為上安裝區塊的平面圖; 第23及24圖為上安裝區塊的正交側視圖; 第25圖為顯示垂直相鄰的建築物單元總成之互連的等 角圖; 第26圖為顯示垂直及水平相鄰之建築物單元總成的片 段等角圖; 第27圖為顯示四個建築物單元總成之安裝區塊的互連 之片段侧視圖; 第28圖為顯示兩建築物單元總成之安裝區塊的垂直互 連之較詳細示意端視圖; 第29圖為顯示兩建築物單元總成之安裝區塊的垂直互 連之較詳細示意側視圖; 第30圖為顯示利用長形連接元件之兩建築物單元總成 的安裝區塊之互連的較詳細示意端視圖; 第31及32圖為顯示建築物單元總成揚升期間之連接元 21 201022503 件的定向之示意圖; 第33圖為一幢四階層建築物的示意側視圖; 第34圖為一下連接板的俯視平面圖; 第35圖為側板的端視圖; 第36圖為另一下連接板的俯視平面圖; 第37圖為第34及36圖所示的連接板之側視圖; 第38圖為一上連接板的平面圖; 第39圖為上連接板的端視圖; 第40圖為沿著線24-24的剖視圖; 第41圖為頂板的側視圖; 第42及43圖為兩形式的結構性框架分段之較詳細片段 圖; 第44圖為具有第42及43圖所示的結構性框架分段且彼 此分開之兩建築物單元總成的示意平面圖; 第45圖為顯示連接在一起之第44圖的建築物單元總成 之示意平面圖; 第46至50圖示意性顯示第42及43圖的結構性框架分段 之互連方式; 第51圖為顯示該互連的不同組件之示意分解圖; 第52圖為下連接板的側視圖; 第53圖為一下安裝區塊的平面圖; 第54圖為下安裝區塊的端視圖; 第55圖為一替代性上連接板的平面圖; 第56圖為第55圖的上連接板之側視圖; 201022503 第57圖為第55圖的上連接板之端視圖; 第58圖為—替代性上安裝區塊之平面圖; 第59圖為第58圖的上安裝區塊之側視圖; 第60圖為第58圖的上安裝區塊之端視圖; 第61圖為一長形螺栓的平面圖; 第62圖為螺栓頭之片段端視圖; 第63圖為螺栓的上端之側視圖; 第64圖為顯示螺栓頭之片段側視圖; 第65圖為顯示螺栓轴的上端之片段圖; 第66及66A圖為顯示一用於建築物單元總成的替代性 連接技術之示意立體圖; 第67圖為顯示-實施例中的四個建築物單元總成之連 接板及區塊的互連之片段側視圖;及 第68圖為顯示建築物單元總成的部分内部細節及結構 性框架分段與其連接的方式之示意側視圖; 第69圖顯示用於建築物單元之數個屋頂面板; 第70圖為沿著線37-37之橫剖視圖; 第71圖為沿著線38-38之橫剖視圖; 第72圖為本發明的一經修改建築物單元之分解圖; 第73圖為顯示建築物單元總成上之結構性框架分段的 區位之示意圖; 第74圖為-適合懸臂作用之建築物單元總成的示意側 視圖, 第75圖為六個建築物單元總成之示意端視圖; 23 201022503 第76圖為用於第72及73圖的建築物單元之地板面板的 示意立體圖; 第77圖為顯示經修改的建築物單元總成之更多細節的 示意橫剖端視圖; 第78圖為顯示另一經修改的建築物單元總成的更多細 節之示意橫剖端視圖; 第7 9圖為顯示又另一經修改的建築物單元的更多細節 之不意橫剖端視圖, 第80圖為顯示再另一經修改的建築物單元的更多細節 之不意橫剖端視圖, 第81圖顯示可使用於本發明的一實施例中之一替代性 安裝板的立體圖; 第82圖顯示第81圖的安裝板之平面圖; 第83圖顯示將利用第82圖的一安裝板被安裝在一起之 三個建築物單元總成; 第84A至84C圖顯示鄰近的建築物單元總成利用第82 圖的一安裝板所合併之方式; 第85圖顯示與第81圖所示相同之一結構性框架分段的 部分,但添加細節。 【實施方式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 廣泛概念來說,發明人已瞭解建築物單元(其用於劃定 單元的内部空間)本身可與單元的結構性框架分開予以考 量,以一較佳形式實行時,這可讓設計具有彈性並改良製 24 201022503 造的容易度。 就製造容易度而言,建築物單元可製成相對較寬鬆的 公差,例如±20mm,其相對較容易達成。結構性框架分段 可製成大幅更緊密的公差,例如±lmm以内藉以提供用於建 築物的一精確架構。隨後可以顧及建築物單元中的任何不 精確度之方式將建築物單元及相聯結的結構性框架分段附 接在一起,以形成一用於被組裝至附接有一經精確定位的 φ 結構性框架分段之建築物内的建築物單元總成。 較佳實施例係提供一用於建置一精確維度格栅之獨立 柱系統,所有其他建築物元件係自該精確維度格栅作維度 參考。 在用於建築物的結構性框架形成用於建築物的其架構 ^ 部份之替代性系統中,整體單元係需製成符合於框架所需 要的較緊密公差,這既昂貴且複雜。 就設計及彈性而言,結構性框架分段的設計及製造若 Φ 能與單元無關,則可對於設計者提供彈性將結構性框架分 奴相對於建築物單元定位於一寬廣的位置範圍中。如此可 讓設計具有彈性,若建築物單元的結構性框架被建造於單 元的壁内則實際無法具有該彈性。 本發明的所利用建築物系統可用來建構供任何目的所 使用之建築物,包括但不限於:住宅,旅館及辦公室用途。 較佳實施例亦適合高樓用途,亦即地表階層以上具有四階 層或更高之建築物。 建築物單元總成根據欲生成的建築物佈局予以製作。 25 201022503 本發明的系統中,建築物設計者可以習見方式自由佈設建 築物以配合客戶需求及市場要求。接著,界定複數個垂直 鄰接階層所共通之一結構性柱格柵,且界定各階層中的複 數個單元。單元係配置於柱格栅的柱之間,且相反地,柱 格栅配置於相鄰單元之間的—空間中^建築物的設計可能 需作調整以被分成可改變寬度及長度但具有適合運送及在 現場破吊具揚升至位置内的尺寸之建築物單元。其可為一 預製式系統’藉以提供完整含有建築修製及服務件、已就 緒可供現場組裝之建築物的結構。 如下文更詳細地說明,實施例可具有下列特徵構造: 建築物單元的長度、寬度及高度會錢專案刊而異;建 築物單70可併入—建築物的所有組件,包括階梯、走廊及 服務件,建築物單元總成在—生產設施中被建構;完成的 建築物單元總成運制現場以餘裝;建築物單元總成藉 由營建吊具被揚升至位置中;由於正面及内部可在輸送前 被連接至或配合至㈣物單元總射,現場R需極少工作 以完成建築物;可使用特殊螺栓式連接將建築物單元總成 連接在一起;及各建築物單元係為結構性自我支撐且可具 有與其連接的結構純架分段,藉以#連接在時使 包括結構性_分段之㈣物單元總成形於建築物的 垂直及侧向支撑。 各建築物單元可被視為一直線形箱框架,就其自身重 量及其所攜載的活貞荷dive loads)而言呈現結構性獨立且 自我支撐。 26 201022503 單元可由包括下列多種不同材料建構而成:木材框架 式構造,其具有對於牆壁、地板及屋頂板的夾板拉撐件; 鋼框架式支架構造,其使用對於牆壁及屋頂的鋼段及輪廓 狀鋼片以及滾軋式鋼通路及輪廓狀鋼片或對於地板的平行 桁條;及輪廓狀鋼片構造,其構成隔膜壁及屋頂段,牆壁 及屋頂段具有充分剛性而不需要額外交又拉撐件且因此鋼 片壁係以汽車及航太業所使用的單體構造或系統之方式構 • f單元強度的—主要部份。一般而言’相較於橫向方向而 吕,建築物單元在縱向方向亦即沿著其壁平面相對較為堅 固。其可藉由提供橫越橫向的拉撐件而在橫向方向受到勁 • 化。此拉樓件可採行—框架型拉律件、牆壁'拉張線欖或 其他部件的形式。可以本文他處描述的方式有利地使用建 、 築物單元沿著其長度之強度來對於側向負荷提供支撐。在 橫向方向中,可藉由地板、屋頂及橫越建築物單元内部空 間之側向延伸的壁來傳遞側向負荷。 • 可對於建築物單元的内部壁及屋頂利用防火評等石膏 板襯墊達成防火保護。 可完全地完成内部配裝,包括漆製、鋪碑、地毯及細 木工或留在“粗製(rough in)”階段以於現場完成。正面元 件、流通走廊及樓梯亦可在輪送前被併入建築物單元内或 在現場完成。如上述,亦可從與結構性框架分段而非建築 物單元相聯結的-資料點取得區位測量,藉以精確地定位 這些元件。 建築物單兀可具有四或更多個結構性框架分段,其包 27 201022503 L、疋至其外。卩之結構性鋼或混凝土柱元件,以攜載總 。負何並連同建築物單元形成建築物結構。柱元件被設計成 °又其在、、’口構内的位置所施加之負荷。可依需要包括額 卜的…構性支擇’以分散負荷或增加剛性。這可被視為形 成一用於建築物單元之外性結構(ex〇-structure),其將與鄰 近單元的外性結構連接在一起以形成建築物的負荷支承結 構。 外性結構係佔據位於建築物單元的可佔據内部空間外 之一區,所以就可建紐與崎來說兩者之間並無衝突。❿ 建築物單元之間的結構性區一般係介於從刚mm至 150mm。此區係為所有結構性框架分段之配置地點以及用 來鎖固合併整體建築物之所有連接的產生地點。 . 就可建構1±來看其優點在於:由於結構性框架分段的 放置精確度’建築物單元、包含建築物單元總成的結構性 框架刀#又之外性結構及正面元件係可在製作後被暫時對 準、甚至在生產設施處被鎖固在一起,位於其在多樓層結 構中所將佔據的確切位置。此製程便於檢查公差以確絲 參 易作現場組裝及品質管制。此方式亦可容許在地表階層完 成,其遠比身為高樓建築物中替代方案之在側邊的升高位 置進行方式更加合乎成本效益且較不危險。這可在製造階 段期間而非組裝階段中大幅更易於檢查、管理及達成建築 物及正面公差。 結構性框架分段或其柱元件可隨著建築物高度及㈤ 負載支承要求提高而增大尺寸。元件係設定尺寸以配合其 28 201022503 在結構内的位置’藉以可使位於建築物基底的建築物單元 總成可比位於頂部者具有更大之與其連接的柱元件。然 而,建築物單元由於被設計成只支撐自身,所以可保持不 變。 建築物單元將側向負荷傳遞經過壁、屋頂及地板的板 到達穩定度或拉撐元件。這些穩定度元件可身為被放置在 與單元的主要體塊呈相對方向中之其他單元形式。其可身 • 為選定單元内的框架式核心,或一習見的混凝土或鋼框架 式核心系統,依建築物高度而定。建築物單元内的垂直負 荷係被轉移經過其侧壁到達與其連接之結構性框架分段。 呈現其最基本形式的建築物單元可被視為一箱框架, 其以開端被支撐於四點。結構係具輕重量並很能抵抗風力 、 與地震負荷。其亦可充分耐受天氣藉以讓其被運送及豎 立,而内部元件不可能被水所損傷。 由於所有柱皆在1〇〇1111][1至15〇111111的一柱區中位於單元 春表皮外,建築物單元的内部不受結構性元件所影響。最高 50樓層為止,不論建築物高度如何,此區皆保持相同。藉 由維持柱寬度同時增加柱深度與強度來達成此作用。 對於部分結構、通常是低樓到中樓結構,可對於其他 建築物單元的概括方向呈垂直地轉動部分建築物單元藉以 消除側向負荷。將藉由建築物的佈局予以決定。或者,可 利用較重的框架及/或拉撐額外的壁、或導入額外元件以配 合各特定建築物或現場的負載條件,藉以勁化單元的端 點。電梯(lifts)及樓梯亦可為框架式以接受側向負荷。電梯 29 201022503 及樓梯可被併入一建築物單元總成内或分開建構。 對於超過12至15階層的較高結構,一利用一原位混凝 土核心之較習見的拉撐系統會是有利的方式。若利用一原 位混凝土核心作為主拉撐元件,將在製裝式(fabricated)建 築物單元總成裝設之前,部份或完全地構成該核心。 對於很高的建築物,可能需要在需具有實用性及經濟 性要求的地點導入混凝土或鋼轉移結構、或配合依照建築 物設計及現場條件所決定之經更改的負載或拉撐要求。 這實際上係將一高建築物分解成在一鋼核心結構上被 〇 混凝土所攜載之兩或更多個單元堆積體。若利用一混凝土 核心,經由使用將垂直負荷轉移回到核心之轉移結構,混 凝土核心亦可作為一支撐元件,使得被連接至建築物單元 之結構性框架分段的尺寸縮小,藉以將建築物有效縮小至 一系列的較小結構。譬如,一2〇階層建築物可併入有三個 轉移結構,藉以將用於結構性框架分段的有效高度降低至 五階層建築物所需要的有效高度。 轉移結構可被連接至建築物單元總成本身的結構,藉 鲁 以使轉移結構將與建築物單元總成作組裝。 或者,依環境而定,轉移結構可被設置成一分離的鋼 或混凝土結構。 如上述’建築物單元總成可具有根據要求及運送限制 而變的尺寸。然而,一般而言’各建築物單元總成將具有 例如2m至5m的寬度,從l〇m至28m的長度,及從2.7m至3.3m 的南度。 30 201022503 :進-步瞭解在—建築物中,可配置不同尺寸及形狀 的建柴物單元總成藉以產生對於建築物有效空間所需要的 地板平面圖區域。-建築物單元的側壁中可形成有開口以 供門、窗等使用。亦可添加走廊及陽台等。 …第1圖顯示根據本發明的-實施例所建構之-建築物 單7L總成2的不意圖。建築物單元總成2係包括—建藥物單 元’建築物單元含有兩側壁4及6、地板8及屋頂1〇,其具有Ρ aligning the structural frame segments of the Ρ6 layer towel vertically with the structural frame segments in at least one adjacent layer, wherein substantially all of the vertical load is transmitted through the structural frame segments, and the lateral load A building sheet 1 assembly that is placed as a tension member or other stiffening element such as a riding earth or steel core. Preferably, the building comprises a connecting member for connecting the structural frame segments of the building unit assembly in a hierarchy to adjacent structural frames of the building unit assembly in the adjacent hierarchy. segment. Preferably, the end points of the structural frame segments have connecting plates connected thereto, wherein the plates and structural frame segments can thus be joined to structural frame segments that are vertically above or below the plate. Adjacent boards. Preferably, the panel of the structural frame segment can be joined to a panel of structural frame segments that are laterally adjacent thereto. Preferably, the vertically aligned adjacent structural frame segments have plates & projections with projections and recesses that complement each other to enable accurate alignment of the posts during stacking. Preferably, the top 17 201022503 or the bottom plate of the first and second laterally adjacent structural frame segments comprise complementary portions, each of which has a respective bolt hole, wherein thus the first and second The structural frame segments are vertically adjacent - the bottom or top plate of the second structural frame segment is laid over the complementary portions and has bolt holes aligned with the bolt holes in the complementary portions, wherein The plates of the first, second and third structural frame segments are clamped together by screwing. Preferably, the top plate of the structural frame segment includes the complementary portions. More preferably, the top panel includes the recesses and the bottom panel includes the projections. In some embodiments, the structural frame segments are provided with top and bottom connection 0 plates, and wherein the structural frame segments are relative to the building unit assembly to which they are connected, which may be made in the _ hierarchy of the building. At least a portion of the structural frame of the adjacent building unit assembly is segmentally disposed in pairs adjacent to each other and wherein one of the building single unit assemblies stacked on one of the adjacent building unit assemblies is structural At least one of the connecting plates below the frame segment is laid over at least a portion of the top connecting plate of the β-shaped pair, wherein at least the lower connecting plate can be connected thereto to connect the adjacent building blocks The assembly and the other building unit assembly are connected together. In some embodiments, the structural frame segments are provided with top and bottom webs, and wherein the structural frame segments are located in a hierarchy of the building relative to the location of the building unit assembly to which they are attached. At least a portion of the structural frame segments of adjacent building unit assemblies are arranged in pairs adjacent to each other in a configuration such that at least three of the connecting plates of the vertically aligned pair of structural frames are Connected together. Preferably, both the top or lower web have a complementary shape 18 201022503 such that a third of the at least three webs are laid over or embedded above or below the two panels. Preferably, the web includes apertures, the apertures are configured to align with the at least three webs and fasteners are threaded through the apertures to connect the three webs together. Preferably, the pair of laid and embedded webs comprise first and second forms that interlock with each other. Preferably, the form comprises a protrusion and a recess. Preferably, the projection is located on the underside of the laid web and the recess is on the upper side of the buried web. In some embodiments, the lateral load can be supported by the floor and roof of the building unit, and wherein at least a portion of the structural frame segments include at least one hollow post member; the building further includes an extension through at least a portion of the hollow post member An elongate connecting member, wherein the top of the structural frame segments in a hierarchy can thus be joined by the elongate connecting members to the top of the structural frame segments in an adjacent hierarchy in the building. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be further described, by way of non-limiting example, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building unit assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 2A to 2E are diagrams showing a building unit assembly of an embodiment of the present invention constructed using different building materials; FIG. 3A is a schematic plan view of two building unit assemblies separated from each other 19 201022503, FIG. 3B is a view A schematic plan view of two adjacent building unit assemblies that are joined together; Figures 4A through 4D are schematic plan views showing different planar shapes for building units; Figures 5A through 5G are diagrams showing building in different ways to construct Schematic diagram of a building unit assembly of high-rise buildings of different shapes; Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a twenty-story building; Figures 7A, 7B and 7C are schematic isometric views of a building with a core Figure 8 is a schematic isometric view of a building with a distributed core; Figure 9 is a schematic side view of a building showing how the column elements can be based on the building Height to change the size; , · Figure 10 is a schematic isometric view of the five levels of a tall building; _ 11A to 11E show the units located in different classes; Figure 12 shows the one located in the building A more detailed schematic diagram of the interconnection of cells within a hierarchy; Figure 13A is a floor plan for an apartment building; Figures 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E are typical apartments using the unit of the present invention; 14A and 14B The figure shows a lower and upper floor plan hierarchy of a hotel constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 14C is a more detailed view of a building unit assembly suitable for use in buildings of Figures 14A and 14B; 15A is a floor plan of a building with a residential and office residence 20 201022503; Figure 15B shows a possible configuration of the unit for the residential part of the building of Figure 15A; Figure 16 shows a building unit A schematic cross-sectional end view of more details of the assembly; Figure 17 is a schematic perspective view of a form of a lower mounting block; Figure 18 is a plan view of the mounting block; and Figures 19 and 20 are lower mounting areas. Orthogonal side view; Fig. 21 is a schematic perspective view of an upper mounting block; Fig. 22 is a plan view of the upper mounting block; Figs. 23 and 24 are orthogonal side views of the upper mounting block; An isometric view showing the interconnection of vertically adjacent building unit assemblies; Figure 26 is a fragment isometric view showing vertical and horizontally adjacent building unit assemblies; Figure 27 is a diagram showing four building units Sectional view of the interconnection of the mounting blocks of the assembly; Figure 28 is a more detailed schematic end view showing the vertical interconnection of the mounting blocks of the two building unit assemblies; Figure 29 is a view showing the total of the two building units A more detailed schematic side view of the vertical interconnection of the mounting blocks; Figure 30 is a more detailed schematic end view showing the interconnection of the mounting blocks of the two building unit assemblies using the elongated connecting elements; Figure 32 is a schematic view showing the orientation of the connecting element 21 201022503 during the building unit assembly ascending; Figure 33 is a schematic side view of a four-story building; Figure 34 is a top plan view of the connecting plate; Figure 35 is an end view of the side panels; Figure 36 is a top plan view of another lower connecting plate; Figure 37 is a side view of the connecting plate shown in Figures 34 and 36; Figure 38 is a plan view of an upper connecting plate; and Figure 39 is the end of the upper connecting plate Figure 40 is a cross-sectional view along line 24-24; Figure 41 is a side view of the top plate; Figures 42 and 43 are more detailed fragmentary views of the two forms of structural frame segments; 42 and 43 are schematic plan views of two building unit assemblies which are segmented and separated from each other; FIG. 45 is a schematic plan view showing the building unit assembly of FIG. 44 connected together; Figure 50 schematically shows the interconnection of the structural frame segments of Figures 42 and 43; Figure 51 is a schematic exploded view showing the different components of the interconnection; Figure 52 is a side view of the lower connection plate; Figure 53 is a plan view of the mounting block; Figure 54 is an end view of the lower mounting block; Figure 55 is a plan view of an alternative upper connecting plate; and Figure 56 is a side view of the upper connecting plate of Figure 55. ; 201022503 Figure 57 is an end view of the upper connecting plate of Figure 55; Figure 58 - a plan view of the upper mounting block; Fig. 59 is a side view of the upper mounting block of Fig. 58; Fig. 60 is an end view of the upper mounting block of Fig. 58; Fig. 61 is an elongated bolt Figure 62 is a fragment end view of the bolt head; Figure 63 is a side view of the upper end of the bolt; Figure 64 is a side view showing the fragment of the bolt head; Figure 65 is a fragment view showing the upper end of the bolt shaft; Figures 66 and 66A are schematic perspective views showing an alternative joining technique for a building unit assembly; Figure 67 is a diagram showing the interconnection of the connecting plates and blocks of the four building unit assemblies in the embodiment. a side view of the fragment; and Fig. 68 is a schematic side view showing part of the internal details of the building unit assembly and the manner in which the structural frame segments are connected; Figure 69 shows several roof panels for the building unit; Figure 70 is a cross-sectional view along line 37-37; Figure 71 is a cross-sectional view along line 38-38; Figure 72 is an exploded view of a modified building unit of the present invention; Structural frame segmentation on the object unit assembly Schematic diagram of the location; Figure 74 is a schematic side view of a building unit assembly suitable for cantilever action, and Figure 75 is a schematic end view of six building unit assemblies; 23 201022503 Figure 76 is for the 72nd and Figure 73 is a schematic perspective view of the floor panel of the building unit; Figure 77 is a schematic cross-sectional end view showing more details of the modified building unit assembly; Figure 78 is a view showing another modified building unit total A schematic cross-sectional end view of more detail; Figure 7 is an unintentional cross-sectional end view showing further details of yet another modified building unit, and Figure 80 is a view showing another modified building unit A more detailed view of the cross-sectional end view, FIG. 81 shows a perspective view of an alternative mounting plate that can be used in an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 82 shows a plan view of the mounting plate of FIG. 81; Shows three building unit assemblies that will be mounted together using a mounting plate of Figure 82; Figures 84A-84C show the manner in which adjacent building unit assemblies are combined using a mounting plate of Figure 82; 85 It shows the same portion of one of the structural frame segment as shown in FIG. 81, but adding detail. [Embodiment 3] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In general terms, the inventors have appreciated that a building unit (which is used to delineate the interior space of a unit) can itself be considered separately from the structural frame of the unit, preferably When the form is implemented, this allows the design to be flexible and to improve the ease of making 24 201022503. In terms of ease of manufacture, building units can be made with relatively loose tolerances, such as ± 20 mm, which is relatively easy to achieve. Structural frame segments can be made with significantly tighter tolerances, such as within ±1 mm to provide a precise architecture for the building. The building unit and the associated structural frame segments can then be attached together in a manner that takes into account any inaccuracies in the building unit to form a φ structure for being assembled to attach a precisely positioned A building unit assembly within a building with frame segments. The preferred embodiment provides a separate column system for constructing a precision dimension grid from which all other building elements are dimensioned. In an alternative system for the structural frame of a building to form part of its structure, the integral unit needs to be made to meet the tighter tolerances required for the frame, which is both expensive and complicated. In terms of design and resilience, the design and manufacture of structural frame segments, if Φ can be independent of the unit, provides the designer with the flexibility to position the structural frame slaves relative to the building unit over a wide range of locations. This makes the design elastic, and the structural frame of the building unit cannot actually have this elasticity if it is built into the wall of the unit. The building system utilized by the present invention can be used to construct buildings for any purpose, including but not limited to: residential, hotel and office use. The preferred embodiment is also suitable for high-rise use, that is, buildings having a fourth-order floor or higher above the surface level. The building unit assembly is made according to the layout of the building to be generated. 25 201022503 In the system of the present invention, building designers can freely deploy buildings in a manner that meets customer needs and market requirements. Next, a structural column grid common to a plurality of vertically adjacent levels is defined, and a plurality of cells in each level are defined. The unit is disposed between the columns of the column grid, and conversely, the column grid is disposed in the space between adjacent units. The design of the building may need to be adjusted to be divided into a changeable width and length but suitable Shipment and construction of building units that are lifted to the size within the location. It can be a prefabricated system' to provide a structure that is fully constructed with building repairs and service pieces that are ready for on-site assembly. As explained in more detail below, embodiments may have the following features: The length, width, and height of a building unit may vary depending on the project; the building sheet 70 may be incorporated—all components of the building, including steps, corridors, and The service unit, the building unit assembly is constructed in the production facility; the completed building unit assembly is transported at the site; the building unit assembly is raised to the position by the construction spreader; The interior can be connected to or matched to the (four) object unit before delivery, and the site R requires very little work to complete the building; the building unit assembly can be connected together using special bolted connections; and each building unit is The structural self-supporting and can have structurally pure frame segments attached thereto, whereby the #4 structural unit including the structural_segment is always formed in the vertical and lateral support of the building. Each building unit can be viewed as a linear box frame that is structurally independent and self-supporting in terms of its own weight and the live loads it carries. 26 201022503 Units can be constructed from a variety of different materials including: timber frame construction with splint pulls for walls, floors and shingles; steel frame scaffold construction using steel segments and profiles for walls and roofs Steel sheet and rolled steel passages and contoured steel sheets or parallel beams for the floor; and contoured steel sheet construction, which constitutes the diaphragm wall and the roof section, the walls and roof sections are sufficiently rigid without the need for additional intersections The struts and thus the wall of the steel sheet are constructed in the form of a single structure or system used by the automobile and aerospace industry. In general, the building elements are relatively stiff in the longitudinal direction, i.e. along the wall plane, as compared to the transverse direction. It can be stiffened in the lateral direction by providing a strutting member that traverses the lateral direction. This pull-up piece can be used in the form of a frame-type pull-law piece, a wall pull-pull line or other parts. The strength of the building unit along its length can be advantageously used to provide support for the lateral load in the manner described elsewhere herein. In the lateral direction, the lateral load can be transmitted by the floor, the roof, and the laterally extending walls that traverse the interior space of the building unit. • Fire protection can be achieved with fire rated gypsum board liners for the interior walls and roof of building units. The interior can be completely completed, including paint, monuments, carpets and joinery or left in the “rough in” phase for on-site completion. Frontal components, circulation corridors and stairs can also be incorporated into the building unit prior to the transfer or on site. As mentioned above, location measurements can also be taken from the data points associated with the structural frame segments rather than the building elements to accurately locate these components. A building unit can have four or more structural frame segments, which are packaged with the package 27 201022503 L. Structural steel or concrete column elements to carry the total. What constitutes a building structure together with the building unit. The column element is designed to have a load applied to it at the position within the 'mouth configuration. It can be included as needed to limit the load or increase the rigidity. This can be seen as forming an ex-structure for a building unit that will be joined to the external structure of the adjacent unit to form the load-bearing structure of the building. The external structure occupies one area outside the occupied space of the building unit, so there is no conflict between the two.结构 The structural areas between building units are generally from just mm to 150 mm. This area is the location where all structural frame segments are located and where all connections to the integrated building are locked. The advantage of constructing 1± is that: due to the placement accuracy of the structural frame segment, the building unit, the structural frame cutter including the building unit assembly, and the external structure and the front component can be Once produced, they are temporarily aligned and even locked together at the production facility, in the exact location they will occupy in a multi-story structure. This process makes it easy to check tolerances for easy on-site assembly and quality control. This approach also allows for completion at the surface level, which is far more cost effective and less dangerous than the elevated position on the side of the alternative in tall buildings. This makes it much easier to inspect, manage and achieve building and front tolerances during the manufacturing phase, not during the assembly phase. The structural frame segments or their column elements can be increased in size as the building height and (5) load bearing requirements increase. The components are sized to fit the position of their 2010 2010 503 within the structure so that the building unit assembly located on the building base can have a larger column element attached thereto than the top. However, the building unit can remain unchanged as it is designed to support only itself. The building unit transfers lateral loads through the walls, roof and floor panels to the stability or pull-up elements. These stability elements can be in the form of other units that are placed in opposite directions to the main body block of the unit. It can be a framed core in a selected unit, or a conventional concrete or steel frame core system, depending on the height of the building. The vertical load within the building unit is transferred through its side walls to the structural frame segments to which it is attached. A building unit that presents its most basic form can be viewed as a box of frames that are supported at four points at the beginning. The structural system is lightweight and resistant to wind and earthquake loads. It can also withstand the weather so that it can be transported and erected, while internal components cannot be damaged by water. Since all the columns are located outside the unit spring in the column area of 1〇〇1111][1 to 15〇111111, the interior of the building unit is not affected by structural elements. Up to 50 floors, this area remains the same regardless of the height of the building. This is achieved by maintaining the column width while increasing column depth and strength. For partial structures, typically low-rise to mid-rise structures, partial building units can be rotated vertically for the general direction of other building units to eliminate lateral loads. It will be decided by the layout of the building. Alternatively, the weight of the unit can be stabilized by the use of heavier frames and/or struts of additional walls, or the introduction of additional components to match the load conditions of each particular building or site. Lifts and stairs can also be framed to receive lateral loads. Elevator 29 201022503 and stairs can be incorporated into a building unit assembly or constructed separately. For higher structures over the 12 to 15 level, a more conventional draw system utilizing an in situ concrete core would be an advantageous approach. If an in situ concrete core is used as the primary draw element, the core will be partially or completely constructed prior to installation of the fabricated building unit assembly. For tall buildings, it may be necessary to introduce concrete or steel transfer structures at locations where practicability and economics are required, or with modified load or pull requirements as determined by the design of the building and site conditions. This in effect breaks down a tall building into two or more unit stacks carried by concrete on a steel core structure. If a concrete core is utilized, the concrete core can also serve as a support element by using a transfer structure that transfers the vertical load back to the core, so that the size of the structural frame segment connected to the building unit is reduced, thereby making the building effective. Zoom out to a series of smaller structures. For example, a two-story building can incorporate three transfer structures to reduce the effective height for structural frame segmentation to the effective height required for a five-story building. The transfer structure can be connected to the structure of the total cost of the building unit, so that the transfer structure will be assembled with the building unit assembly. Alternatively, depending on the environment, the transfer structure can be configured as a separate steel or concrete structure. The building unit assembly as described above may have dimensions that vary depending on requirements and shipping restrictions. However, in general, each building unit assembly will have a width of, for example, 2 m to 5 m, a length from 1 〇 m to 28 m, and a south degree from 2.7 m to 3.3 m. 30 201022503 : Step-by-step understanding In the building, buildings of different sizes and shapes can be configured to create the floor plan area required for the effective space of the building. An opening may be formed in the side wall of the building unit for use in doors, windows, and the like. Corridors and balconies can also be added. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a building single 7L assembly 2 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The building unit assembly 2 includes a drug unit. The building unit includes two side walls 4 and 6, a floor 8 and a roof 1
與其附接之呈躲元件14、16、财22形式㈣構性框架 分段。 圖不配置中,端點12及14係為開啟但其可根據要求而 關閉。如下文更詳細地描述,側壁4及6、地板8及屋頂鋪 為強固構造,所以建築物單元總成2在運送及揚升期間能夠 自我支撐。其亦能夠承受使用中對其所施加之負荷,諸如 内部配裝及活負荷。如下文更詳細地描述,可在採用單元2 的建築物將被豎立處遠方之工廒(譬如,其他生產設施的工 廠中)製造建築物單元總成2。以工業用產品製造建築物單 元總成之方式本身係可節省成本及時間並在完成的單元中 達成更好的製造公差。 圖示配置中,建築物單元總成2具有被連接至側壁之四 個柱元件16、18、20及22,元件16及18被連接至側壁4而元 件20及22被連接至側壁6。如下文所描述,結構性框架分段 的功能係在於提供用於建築物單元總成2之安裝點且亦在 建築物單元總成堆積於彼此頂上時支承垂直負載。元件 16、18、20及22係包括各別的下安裝部件24及各別的上安 31 201022503 $σΡ件26。上安裝部件26可形成在運送及建構階段期間供 揚升線境所用之附接點。並且,構件24及26可用來在一完 成的建築物中將相鄰的建㈣單元總成2彼此搞合,如下文 更詳細地描述。 建築物單元2本身可以多種不同材料建構而成。第2Α 圖圖解式顯示—其中使得侧壁4及6及屋頂1G呈現含有炎板 匕覆的木材框架式之配置。第23圖顯示一替代性配置。其 中建某物單元2具有呈現鋼框架式且受到拉撐之側壁及屋 頂,地板8由輪廓狀鋼板製成。第2<::圖顯示一替代性配置, e 其中側壁及屋頂係為-具有供側壁及屋頂暨地板用的輪廓 狀鋼片拉撐件之框架式支架的形式。 第2D圖顯示一替代性配置,其中建築物單元係具有皆 由輪廓狀鋼片製成之側壁、地板及屋頂。第2E圖顯示一替 代性配置’其中建築物單元由玻璃纖維強化式混凝土(GRC)It is attached to the hidden components 14, 16, and the form of the financial (four) structural framework. In the non-configuration, endpoints 12 and 14 are open but can be turned off as required. As described in more detail below, the side walls 4 and 6, the floor 8 and the roof are constructed in a strong configuration so that the building unit assembly 2 is self-supporting during transport and ascent. It is also capable of withstanding the loads imposed on it during use, such as internal fittings and live loads. As described in more detail below, the building unit assembly 2 can be manufactured in a building where unit 2 is to be erected in a remote location (e.g., in a factory of other production facilities). The way in which building unit assemblies are manufactured from industrial products is inherently cost effective and time consuming and achieves better manufacturing tolerances in the finished unit. In the illustrated configuration, the building unit assembly 2 has four column elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 connected to the side walls, elements 16 and 18 are connected to the side walls 4 and elements 20 and 22 are connected to the side walls 6. As described below, the structural frame segments function to provide mounting points for the building unit assembly 2 and also support vertical loads when the building unit assemblies are stacked on top of each other. Elements 16, 18, 20, and 22 include respective lower mounting members 24 and respective upper slabs 31 201022503 $ σ Ρ 26 . The upper mounting member 26 can form an attachment point for use in the lift and lift phases during the shipping and construction phases. Also, members 24 and 26 can be used to join adjacent building unit assemblies 2 in a completed building, as described in more detail below. The building unit 2 itself can be constructed from a variety of different materials. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation in which the side walls 4 and 6 and the roof 1G are arranged in a wood frame type containing a slab. Figure 23 shows an alternative configuration. The medium unit 2 has a steel frame type and a side wall and a roof which are stretched, and the floor 8 is made of a contoured steel plate. The second <:: diagram shows an alternative configuration, where the side walls and roof are in the form of a framed bracket having contoured steel struts for side walls and roofing and flooring. Figure 2D shows an alternative configuration in which the building units have side walls, floors and roofs that are all made of contoured steel sheets. Figure 2E shows an alternative configuration where the building units are made of fiberglass reinforced concrete (GRC)
或其他複合材料面板形成,地板8具有輪廓狀鋼片材、GRC 或複合構造。 - β 第3Α圖為顯示彼此相鄰配置的兩建築物單元總成2八 ^ 及2Β之示意平面圖。如第3Α圖可看出,側壁4上的結構性 框架分段16及18相對於側壁6上之結構性框架分段2 〇及2 2 的位置呈現偏移。此配置可讓結構性框架分段在建築物單 元總成2Α及2Β的最終安裝位置中被配置成彼此相鄰,如第 3Β圖所示。 將瞭解如第3Β圖所示,在經組裝建築物單元的相鄰侧 壁4及6之間具有一間隙28。間隙或柱區28係由柱的寬度所 32 201022503 界定並提供空間以容㈣直結構支撐件。並且,柱區烈亦 可幫助相鄰單元之間的隔音及隔熱。 上及下安裝部件24及26係、示意性顯示於第⑴圖。如 同更詳細地描述’上安裝部件可屬於與下安裝部件不同的 類型。下文將更詳細地描述數項實施例。 將可瞭解類似的單元可根據要求而被堆積在不同陣列 中。單元亦可配置成使其端點彼此相鄰,且在該例中,第 3A及3B圖的結構性框架分段(未圖示)將被設置於端壁⑽ Η上,因此可以第3A及3B|®所示的類似方式使單元呈現端 點至端點狀(而非併列狀)連接》因為安裝部件以及%分別突 起於地板8及屋頂町枝上方,其亦㈣直堆制建築物 單元之間生成間隙,且這些作用在改良防火評等、建築物 不同階層中_築物單元之間_音與隔熱方面具有類似 功能。 安裝部件24及26係用來互連相鄰的建築物單元總成, 而自我支撐式建築物單元及經互連的結構性框架分段之組 合較佳係構成建築物的唯一架構。依據建築物單元的佈 局、建築物的高度及相關現場條件而定,可添加額外的穩 定度或拉撑元件。 第1至3圖所示的建築物單元2在平面圖中具有一長方 形形狀。第4B、C及D圖顯示單元所用之許多種替代性平面 圖形狀的其中三種。更確切來說,第4B圖顯示一具有不規 則四邊形平面圖之單元;第4C圖顯示一具有一楔形(或梯形) 平面圖形狀之單元;第4Ί)圖顯示一具有三個正交線性側邊 33 201022503 及-曲線側邊之單元。亦可能具有其他形狀。如瞭解單 元可以與第2及3圖所示的類似方式被互連。 建築物單元總成2可以不同方式堆積構成不同形狀的 建築物。第5A圖圖解性顯示堆積在彼此頂上之四個單元 201、202、203、204以形成-四階層建築物3〇。第沾圖顯 不-具有單儿對以形成各階層之四階層建築物Μ,其中第 三階層上的-對單元203對於階層i、2及4實質被正交地轉 動,以藉此提供-用於單元2.3及24相對於其下方單元之懸 臂式配置。 參 第5C圖顯示一具有楔形單元4〇及42的兩堤堆之四階層 建築物38 ’楔形單元40及42的兩堤堆係具有與單以4的一 中央堤堆44不同的長度幼對於長方形單it的中央堤堆44 - 呈現偏移狀安裝藉以生成一較複雜形狀的建築物。第5〇圖 顯示一具有長方形建築物單元總成的一中央堤堆48之建築 物46,中央堤堆48係被侧向單元5〇及52的堤堆呈側翼式包 圍’譬如50.4及50.5等部分上單元具有圓弧狀端點藉以生成 -呈彎曲外觀的建築物。第5E圖顯示—五階層建築物Μ, ❹ 其由具有一不規則四邊形平面圖形狀之單元的堤堆所構 成。第5F圖顯示—建築物55,其中具有呈併列狀堆積之建 築物單元的六堤堆57.1至57.6以及呈端點至端點式堆積的 兩堤堆59.1及59.2。正交方向中之堤堆的組合係提供建築物 所用之拉揮。 第5G圖顯示具有建築物單元總成61」、61 2、61 3的三 堤堆之另一建築物61,其配置方式可使得各堤堆正交於其 34 201022503 鄰者’ si為建純單元誠的定向而再度提供先天的拉推 作用。 第6圖圖解式顯示一具有一中央混凝土核心%之二十 階層建築物56。核心58通常將以—般方式包括揚升軸。建 築物的階層係由在現場外製造並被揚升至位置中之建築物 單元總成建造而成。具有此尺寸的較高建築物中,核心58 有助於建築物的拉撐。圖示配置中,建築物56包括由核心 58所支撑之二個轉移結構6〇、62及64。轉移結構可由被連 接至核心之強化混凝土或鋼結構形成。轉移結構6〇、62及 64的主要功能在於將垂直負載從堆積其上的建築物單元總 成之五個階層轉移至核心,因此建築物的整體垂直負載不 必被轉移經過下方不同建築物單元總成的結構性框架分 丰又。利用此方式,結構性框架分段的尺寸不必大到使得建 築物的整體垂直負載藉由結構中的最低結構性框架分段所 支承。然而,初始計算已驚人地顯示:對於最多5〇階層高 度的建築物而言,不需利用如上述的轉移結構。計算結果 亦顯示:建築物單元之間的間隙或柱區28可在整個建築物 中保持恆定’而結構性框架分段的柱元件之等級或材料強 度、壁厚度、深度則可改變藉以依據其在整體建築物内的 區位提供足夠強度。 下列表1是身為建築物中高度的函數之被施加至結構 性樞架分段的軸向壓縮典型數值之總結。表中包括如圖所 示具有不同寬度的柱尺寸之資料。 表1中,“樓層”欄係指單元從建築物頂部算起所將佔據 35 201022503 的樓層數目此,樓層1是頂樓層,而在-50樓層建築物中, 樓層50是底部。“轴向壓縮”欄係列出該樓層中位於一建築 物單元總成的各個柱上之負載。“柱尺寸,,攔係識別柱的橫 剖面維度以及l〇〇mm、125]11111與15〇111111柱寬度各者用來支 撐經識別負栽所需要的壁厚度。對於長方形柱,以公厘數 提供寬度X深度維度且以公厘數提供壁厚度。對於正方形 柱’只顯示單一寬壁的柱長度及厚度。若提供四個測量值, 這代表由一I樑形成之一柱元件的維度。因此, 125x250x40x25係指使用一沿著其端凸緣具有總寬度 125mm及沿著其中央轴線具有250mm寬度之I樑。端凸緣為 40mm厚且中央腹板為25mm厚。 標為“柱能量”的最後欄群組係指當從450MPa鋼製成且 配合使用350MPa鋼製成的安裝構件時具有對應“柱尺寸”欄 中所指定尺寸之RHS及SHS的負荷能量。Or other composite panels are formed, the floor 8 having a contoured steel sheet, GRC or composite construction. - β Figure 3 is a schematic plan view showing two building unit assemblies 2 VIII and 2 配置 arranged adjacent to each other. As can be seen in Figure 3, the structural frame segments 16 and 18 on the side wall 4 are offset relative to the position of the structural frame segments 2 and 22 on the side wall 6. This configuration allows the structural frame segments to be placed adjacent to one another in the final mounting position of the building unit assembly 2Α and 2Β, as shown in Figure 3. It will be appreciated that as shown in Figure 3, there is a gap 28 between adjacent side walls 4 and 6 of the assembled building unit. The gap or column region 28 is defined by the width of the column 32 201022503 and provides space to accommodate the (four) straight structural support. In addition, the column area can also help to sound insulation and insulation between adjacent units. The upper and lower mounting members 24 and 26 are schematically shown in the first (1) diagram. As described in more detail, the upper mounting component may be of a different type than the lower mounting component. Several embodiments are described in more detail below. It will be appreciated that similar units can be stacked in different arrays as required. The unit may also be arranged such that its end points are adjacent to each other, and in this example, the structural frame segments (not shown) of Figures 3A and 3B will be placed on the end wall (10), so that it can be 3A and A similar approach as shown by 3B|® causes the unit to present an end-to-end (not juxtaposed) connection because the mounting components and % protrude above the floor 8 and the roof, respectively, and (4) the straight building unit A gap is created between them, and these effects have similar functions in terms of improved fire rating, different levels of the building, and between sound and insulation. Mounting members 24 and 26 are used to interconnect adjacent building unit assemblies, and the combination of self-supporting building units and interconnected structural frame segments preferably constitutes the unique architecture of the building. Depending on the layout of the building unit, the height of the building and the relevant site conditions, additional stability or tensioning elements can be added. The building unit 2 shown in Figs. 1 to 3 has a rectangular shape in plan view. Figures 4B, C and D show three of the many alternative planogram shapes used by the unit. More specifically, FIG. 4B shows a unit having a plan view of a trapezoid; FIG. 4C shows a unit having a wedge-shaped (or trapezoidal) plan view shape; and FIG. 4C shows a line having three orthogonal linear sides 33. 201022503 and the unit on the side of the curve. It may also have other shapes. For example, the unit can be interconnected in a similar manner to that shown in Figures 2 and 3. The building unit assembly 2 can be stacked in different ways to form buildings of different shapes. Fig. 5A diagrammatically shows four cells 201, 202, 203, 204 stacked on top of each other to form a four-story building. The first touch map shows that there is a single pair to form a four-level building 各 of each level, wherein the pair 203 on the third level is substantially orthogonally rotated for the levels i, 2, and 4 to provide - A cantilever configuration for units 2.3 and 24 relative to the unit below it. Figure 5C shows a four-story building 38 having two banks of wedge-shaped elements 4 and 42. The two banks of the wedge-shaped units 40 and 42 have different lengths from a central bank 44 of four. The rectangular single-it central bank 44 - presents an offset installation to create a more complex shaped building. Figure 5 shows a building 46 having a central bank 48 of a rectangular building unit assembly, the central bank 48 being flanked by the banks of the lateral units 5 and 52, such as 50.4 and 50.5. The upper unit has a circular arc-shaped end point to create a building with a curved appearance. Fig. 5E shows a five-story building Μ, which is composed of a bank of cells having a shape of a trapezoidal plan view. Figure 5F shows a building 55 in which there are six bank stacks 57.1 to 57.6 in side-by-side stacked building units and two bank stacks 59.1 and 59.2 in end-to-end stacking. The combination of the banks in the orthogonal direction provides the pull for the building. Figure 5G shows another building 61 having three bank stacks of building unit assemblies 61", 61 2, 61 3 arranged in such a way that each bank is orthogonal to its 34 201022503. The unit is directional and provides an innate pull. Figure 6 is a diagram showing a twenty-story building 56 having a central concrete core%. The core 58 will typically include a lift shaft in a general manner. The hierarchy of the building is constructed from building unit assemblies that are manufactured off-site and elevated to the location. In tall buildings of this size, the core 58 contributes to the bracing of the building. In the illustrated configuration, building 56 includes two transfer structures 6〇, 62, and 64 supported by core 58. The transfer structure can be formed from reinforced concrete or steel structures that are connected to the core. The main function of the transfer structures 6〇, 62 and 64 is to transfer the vertical load from the five levels of the building unit assembly stacked on it to the core, so that the overall vertical load of the building does not have to be transferred through the different building units below. The structural framework is divided into two parts. In this manner, the dimensions of the structural frame segments need not be so large that the overall vertical load of the building is supported by the lowest structural frame segments in the structure. However, the initial calculations have surprisingly shown that for buildings of up to 5 ft. height, there is no need to utilize a transfer structure as described above. The calculation results also show that the gap between the building units or the column area 28 can be kept constant throughout the building' and the grade or material strength, wall thickness, depth of the column elements of the structural frame segment can be changed by Provide sufficient strength in the location within the overall building. Table 1 below is a summary of typical values of axial compression applied to a structural pivot segment as a function of height in a building. The table includes information on the column dimensions with different widths as shown. In Table 1, the “floor” column refers to the number of floors that the unit will occupy from the top of the building to occupy 35 201022503. Floor 1 is the top floor, and in the 50 floor building, floor 50 is the bottom. The "Axial Compression" column series shows the loads on the various columns of a building unit assembly on this floor. "Column size, cross-sectional dimension of the barrier column and l〇〇mm, 125] 11111 and 15 〇 111111 column width are used to support the wall thickness required for the identified load. For rectangular columns, in mm The number provides the width X depth dimension and provides the wall thickness in centimeters. For a square column 'only a single wide wall column length and thickness is shown. If four measurements are provided, this represents the dimension of one of the column elements formed by an I beam Thus, 125x250x40x25 means the use of an I-beam with a total width of 125 mm along its end flange and a width of 250 mm along its central axis. The end flange is 40 mm thick and the central web is 25 mm thick. The last column group of "energy" refers to the load energy of RHS and SHS having the size specified in the column "column size" when the mounting member made of 450 MPa steel and used in combination with 350 MPa steel.
36 201022503 樓層 軸向壓縮 (kN每柱) 柱尺寸 柱电量(SHS/RHS=450MPa,板=350MPa> 100寛 125宽 150寬 100宽 125宽 150寬 1. 90 100x9 125x6 150x6 100x9 SHS=571kN 125x6 SHS=750kN 150x6 SHS=1060kN 2. 181 100x9 125x6 150x6 3. 271 100x9 125x6 150x6 4. 362 100x9 125x6 150x6 5. 452 100x9 125x6 150x6 6. 543 100x9 125x6 150x6 7. 633 150x100x10 125x6 150x6 150x100x10 RHS=877kN 8. 723 150x100x10 125x6 150x6 9. 814 150x100x10 125x10 150x6 125x10 SHS=ll20kN 10. 904 200x100x10 125x10 150x6 200x100x10 RHS=1140kN 1). 995 200x100x10 125x10 150x6 12. 1085 200x100x10 125x10 150x10 150xl0SHS=164 OkN 13. 1176 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 100x200x25x12 =1750kN 125x200x25x12 =2350kN 14. 1266 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 15. 1356 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 16. 1447 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 17. 1537 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 18. 1628 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 19. 1718 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 150x250xl0RHS =2360kN 20. 1809 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 100x300x25x25 =2660kN 21. 1899 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 22. 1990 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 23. 2080 100x300x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 24. 2170 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 25. 2261 100x300x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 26. 2351 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x10 125x200x40x16 =3250kN 27. 2442 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 100x350x25x25 =3090kN 150x250xl6RHS =3440kN 28. 2532 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 29. 2623 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 30. 2713 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 31. 2803 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 32. 2894 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 33. 2984 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 34. 3075 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 35. 3165 100x400x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 100x400x25x25 =35I0kN 36. 3256 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 125x250x40x25 =4080kN 37. 3346 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 38. 3436 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 39. 3527 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 =5040kN 40. 3617 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 41. 3708 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 125x300x40x25 =4370kN 42. 3798 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 43. 3889 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 44. 3979 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 45. 4069 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 46. 4160 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 125x300x40x25 =4870kN 47. 4250 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 48. 4341 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 49. 4431 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 50. 4522 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 37 201022503 如表1可看出,在建築物的較低階層,柱元件的負荷能 4在建築物單元總成中會較大,因為其需要吸收或傳遞較 南的垂直負荷。反之,這代表較高階層可使用較不堅固的 柱構件以避免建築物頂部不必要的重量及成本。為求方 便’建築物内之階層群組可設有相同強度的柱,而非使各 階層中具有不同的柱。譬如表丨所列,藉由在較低階層增加 柱尺寸或壁厚度來提供強度的相對增大。36 201022503 Floor axial compression (kN per column) Column size column capacity (SHS/RHS=450MPa, plate=350MPa> 100寛125 width 150 width 100 width 125 width 150 width 1. 90 100x9 125x6 150x6 100x9 SHS=571kN 125x6 SHS =750kN 150x6 SHS=1060kN 2. 181 100x9 125x6 150x6 3. 271 100x9 125x6 150x6 4. 362 100x9 125x6 150x6 5. 452 100x9 125x6 150x6 6. 543 100x9 125x6 150x6 7. 633 150x100x10 125x6 150x6 150x100x10 RHS=877kN 8. 723 150x100x10 125x6 150x6 9. 814 150x100x10 125x10 150x6 125x10 SHS=ll20kN 10. 904 200x100x10 125x10 150x6 200x100x10 RHS=1140kN 1). 995 200x100x10 125x10 150x6 12. 1085 200x100x10 125x10 150x10 150xl0SHS=164 OkN 13. 1176 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 100x200x25x12 =1750kN 125x200x25x12 = 2350kN 14. 1266 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 15. 1356 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 16. 1447 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 17. 1537 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 18. 1628 100x200x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x10 19. 1718 100x200x25 x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 150x250xl0RHS = 2360kN 20. 1809 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 100x300x25x25 = 2660kN 21. 1899 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 22. 1990 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 23. 2080 100x300x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 24. 2170 100x300x25x25 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 25. 2261 100x300x25x12 125x200x25x12 150x250x10 26. 2351 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x10 125x200x40x16 = 3250kN 27. 2442 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 100x350x25x25 = 3090kN 150x250xl6RHS = 3440kN 28. 2532 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 29. 2623 100x300x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 30. 2713 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 31. 2803 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 32. 2894 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 33. 2984 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 34. 3075 100x350x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 35. 3165 100x400x25x25 125x200x40x16 150x250x16 100x400x25x25 =35I0kN 36. 3256 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 125x250x40x25 = 4080kN 37. 3346 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 38. 3436 100x400x25x25 125x250x40x25 150x250x16 39. 3527 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 = 5040kN 40. 3617 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 41. 3708 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 125x300x40x25 = 4370kN 42. 3798 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 43. 3889 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 44 . 3979 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 45. 4069 125x250x40x25 150x250x40x25 46. 4160 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 125x300x40x25 = 4870kN 47. 4250 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 48. 4341 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 49. 4431 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 50. 4522 125x300x40x25 150x250x40x25 37 201022503 as can be seen in table 1, in the building At lower levels, the load energy 4 of the column elements will be greater in the building unit assembly because it needs to absorb or transfer a more vertical load in the south. Conversely, this means that the higher class can use less robust column members to avoid unnecessary weight and cost on the top of the building. For the sake of convenience, the hierarchical groups in the building can be provided with columns of the same strength, rather than having different columns in each class. As shown in the table, a relative increase in strength is provided by increasing the column size or wall thickness at the lower level.
柱凡件可身為被強固地附接至建築物單元側壁之強化 混凝土柱的形式。或者’其可包含被螺栓或熔接至侧壁之 鋼柱元件。亦可使用其他材料。 表1假設在各結構性框架分段中使用單一柱元件,但亦 可使用不只-個。在此财,可制_分_構件以平衡 多重柱7L件之pa1的貞荷。可藉由與其附接的安裝部件或藉 由-分離的專用結構—譬如多重柱S件之間的拉撐件來進 行此負荷分攤魏。部分案财,結構性框架分段可包括The column member can be in the form of a reinforced concrete column that is strongly attached to the side wall of the building unit. Or 'which may include steel column elements that are bolted or welded to the side walls. Other materials can also be used. Table 1 assumes that a single column element is used in each structural frame segment, but more than one can be used. In this case, a component can be made to balance the load of pa1 of the multi-column 7L piece. This load sharing can be performed by a mounting member attached thereto or by a dedicated structure separated by - for example, a tension member between the multiple columns S. Part of the case, the structural framework segment may include
-寬柱-諸如-葉片柱或甚至—壁以切所需要的垂直負 荷任帛例中#作所用的機構將類似於就較佳實施例 所描述的窄柱元件者。 知道具有此彈性之後,應廣泛考量垂直對準的祀 亦即垂直對準只f充分精確到將垂直貞荷轉移至經對2 ㈣⑽要U度。譬如’對於具有小幻 件之窄結構性框架分段L準將需要㈣較緊密自 差以使來自上結構性框架分段的垂直負荷可被下結構小 架分段適當地支撐。“’當—壁形結構性框架分勸 38 201022503 -柱狀結構性框架分段(或數個柱狀結構性框架分段)時,垂 直對準的程度(在沿著柱間隙的方向)不需過於確切,只要垂 直負荷能被轉移即可。 第7A圖為五個階層70、72、74、76及78的一群組之示 意等角圖’其可形成如第6圖所示之建築物56的部份。用於 構成階層70、72、...、78之建築物單元2的定向可依據要求 而變。 第7B圖顯示一建築物63,其具有一中央核心58但呈現 建築物單元總成的堤堆之一不同配置。建築物單元配置成 圍繞於核心58。第7C圖顯示另一建築物65,其再度由建築 物單元的堤堆製成但此時則由一侧邊核心67所拉撐。 第8圖顯示一建築物8〇,其具有一分佈式服務件配置而 非第6及7圖所示配置的中央核心58。此配置中建築物8〇 具有五個階層82、84、86、88及90,用以構成分佈式服務 件配置的組件可被建造於用以構成不同階層之建築物單元 内。圖示配置中,具有一揚升核心98,兩梯井1〇〇及1〇2以 及一導管核心104。這些組件彼此分離,且利用較重的結構 性組件,因為如平面圖所示比起使用單一中央配置的情形 而言,不同垂直導管分佈於一較寬區域上方,其中的這些 服務件配置係增添建築物的整體穩定度。 第9圖為—多樓層建築物的示意側視圖,其中階層1至5 係由標有編號112的建築物單元總成製成;階層6至10標為 編號114,階層丨丨至^標為編號116 ;而階層16至2〇標為編 號118。根據建築物中的高度,在不同階層群組中與建築物 39 201022503 單兀相聯結的結構性框架分段係朝向底部增大負荷支承能 量。鄰近單元之間的柱區理想上在建築物整體高度皆保持 恆定,藉以使最大值柱寬度呈固定。因此,為了容納較接 近建築物底部處之增高的負荷,柱120、122及124在其底部 比頂部(縱向地)更深。此配置中,階層的一第一群組112將 具有第一較大尺寸的柱,而譬如114等階層的第二群組將具 有第二較小尺寸的柱。沿建築物往上繼續此趨勢。表1中可 看到沿著一建築物往下(較佳以群組化/階段方式)增大柱尺 寸的此進展作用。這可讓所有單元不論建築物高度如何皆 維持一恒定寬度。 第10圖為一具有20階層之建築物130的立體圖,為求簡 單只顯示四階層的五群組132、134、136、138及140及一中 央核心142。如第11A圖所示,階層132由三建築物單元 132A、132B及132C的一第一堤堆以及三建築物單元132D、 132E及132F的一第二堤堆構成。階層132包括相對於其他建 築物單元呈90°定向之另兩個建築物單元132G及132H,如 第11A圖所示。第11B、11C、11D及11E圖顯示其中建築物 單元的一類似配置。不同建築物單元總成在建築物中並無 固定的裝設次序,其依據現場的參數及建築物設計而定。 第12圖是建築物130的階層132之較詳細示意圖。可看 出建築物單元總成132A、132B、132C及建築物單元總成 132D、132E及132F之結構性框架分段係以一類似於第3圖 所示方式彼此互連。建築物單元總成132A、132C、132D及 132F的内端係包括與相鄰建築物單元總成132G及132H上 40 201022503 的互補結構性框架分段合作之端點結構性框架分段15 0及 152。建築物單元總成132Β及132Ε的案例中,端點結構性框 架分段150及152被直接螺栓至安裝板154、156、158及160, 安裝板154、156、158及160係鑄造至核心142内或以其他方 式與其連接,如圖所示。 第12圖亦圖解式顯示利用正面元件提供用於建築物 130之正面。特地來說,端點正面元件162係連接至建築物 單元總成132A-132F各者。側邊正面元件164連接至建築物 單元總成132Α、132C、132D及132F的外側。側邊正面元件 164連接至這些建築物單元總成的結構性框架分段16、18、 20及22 ’如圖所示。端點正面元件(未圖示)連接至建築物單 元總成132G及132H的端點。側邊正面元件166經由結構性 框架分段168連接至建築物單元總成132G及132H的側邊, 如圖所示’端點正面元件162可為負荷支承式並被整合至建 築物單元内。依據建築物的結構性要求而定,可利用鋼及/ 或強化混凝土作為一特徵構造及支撲結構。正面元件可為 實心或中空而得以進行混凝土元件的大量混凝土充填或現 場接合。运可提供由正面元件構成之大剛性剪力壁。可視 需要將%台、棚杆及螢幕添加至正面。正面元件可包括諸 如不同的金屬面板、木材、赤土、玻璃等非結構性包覆物。 第13A圖為一幢各階層具有十個公寓之公寓建築物69 的地板平面圖之示意圖。建築物具有一分佈式核心配置, 其略為類似第8圖所示者並包括兩梯井71及73以及兩揚升 井75及77。如第13B及C圖所示,各個個別公寓係由被配裝 41 201022503 提供公寓所需的房間之兩相鄰建築物單元72.ι&72·2、 72.1&72.2形成。此配置中’梯井71及73被建造於建築物單 元中。 第13D及E圖顯示分別使用三及兩個建築物單元之替 代性公寓佈局。 第14A至B圖顯示一旅館建築物79的兩階層,其具有下 階層81上(第14A圖)的十四個房間及上階層83上的十二個 房間(第14B圖)。此一般配置中,揚升井91係構成一與第7c 圖的側邊核心67類似之側邊核心,梯井87及89則為内部, _ 類似於第8圖的配置。基本上,此配置中,如第14C圖所示, 對於旅館建築物中的各房間使用單一建築物單元93。此構 造中,揚升井及梯井被分離地構成,而非身為建築物單元 的部份。這有助於建築物的拉撐及穩定度。 第15A及B圖顯示一混合式使用建築物85,具有建築物 的較低階層中之辦公室空間及較高階層中的住宅居所。第 15A圖顯示供採用不同建築物單元的住宅居所使用之一典 型地板平面圖。具有類似或不同形狀的建築物單元可被利 ❹ 用在較低階層上而作為商業辦公室空間。 如上述,建築物單元2可部份地或實質完全地根據所完 成建築物的要求予以配裝。如同上列部分先前技藝文件所 描述,由於低樓結構中已使用類似技術,不需要詳述用於 配置不同建絲單元料成特定地板平Φ圖之技術。 可利用習知技術或習知技術的類似技術來 其他部t 咬仃、,、。構的 伤及/或建桌物的配裝。例如,利用此方 42 201022503 任何建築物的基腳係將具有習見方式構成的基腳以適應於 現場條件及建築物高度。然而,由於根據本發明構成的建 築物重量減輕,基腳的尺寸及能量將減小且因此比起習見 構成的混凝土建築物更為便宜。 因為此型構造最為適合。-轉移階層可形成於停車場的頂 階層,以依需要將負荷從單元轉移至停車場結構。利用此- The wide column - such as - blade column or even - wall to cut the required vertical load. The mechanism used in the example will be similar to the narrow column element described in the preferred embodiment. Knowing this elasticity, the vertical alignment of 祀 should be considered extensively, that is, the vertical alignment is only sufficient to transfer the vertical load to the U (degree) of 2 (4) (10). For example, for a narrow structural frame segment L with a small magical component, it is necessary to (4) be tightly self-contained so that the vertical load from the upper structural frame segment can be properly supported by the lower structural frame segment. "When the wall-shaped structural frame is persuaded 38 201022503 - columnar structural frame segments (or several columnar structural frame segments), the degree of vertical alignment (in the direction along the column gap) is not Too precise, as long as the vertical load can be transferred. Figure 7A is a schematic isometric view of a group of five classes 70, 72, 74, 76 and 78 which can form a building as shown in Figure 6. Part of the object 56. The orientation of the building unit 2 used to form the levels 70, 72, ..., 78 may vary depending on the requirements. Figure 7B shows a building 63 having a central core 58 but presenting the building One of the banks of the object unit assembly is configured differently. The building unit is configured to surround the core 58. Figure 7C shows another building 65, which is again made of the bank of the building unit but at this time by one side The side core 67 is stretched. Figure 8 shows a building 8 with a distributed service piece configuration instead of the central core 58 of the configuration shown in Figures 6 and 7. In this configuration, the building has eight Levels 82, 84, 86, 88, and 90, components used to construct a distributed service component configuration can be constructed for use In a building unit of different classes. In the illustrated configuration, there is a lift core 98, two ladder wells 1〇〇 and 1〇2, and a conduit core 104. These components are separated from one another and utilize heavier structural components. Because the vertical ducts are distributed over a wider area than in the case of a single central configuration as shown in the plan view, these service parts are configured to increase the overall stability of the building. Figure 9 is a multi-floor A schematic side view of a building in which classes 1 to 5 are made of building unit assemblies numbered 112; levels 6 to 10 are numbered 114, and levels 丨丨 to ^ are numbered 116; and levels 16 to 2〇 is labeled as number 118. Depending on the height of the building, the structural frame segments associated with the building 39 201022503 in different strata groups increase the load bearing energy towards the bottom. The zone is ideally kept constant at the overall height of the building so that the maximum column width is fixed. Therefore, in order to accommodate the increased load closer to the bottom of the building, the columns 120, 122 and 124 are at the bottom. Deeper than the top (longitudinal). In this configuration, a first group 112 of the hierarchy will have a column of the first larger size, while a second group of layers such as 114 will have a column of the second smaller size. Continue this trend along the building. Table 1 shows the progress of increasing the column size down a building (preferably in a grouping/stage mode). This allows all units regardless of the building. How the height maintains a constant width. Figure 10 is a perspective view of a building 130 having 20 levels, showing only four groups of four groups 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140 and a central core 142 for simplicity. As shown in FIG. 11A, the hierarchy 132 is comprised of a first bank of three building units 132A, 132B, and 132C and a second bank of three building units 132D, 132E, and 132F. The hierarchy 132 includes two other building units 132G and 132H oriented at 90° relative to other building units, as shown in Figure 11A. Figures 11B, 11C, 11D and 11E show a similar configuration of the building units therein. Different building unit assemblies do not have a fixed installation sequence in the building, depending on site parameters and building design. Figure 12 is a more detailed schematic diagram of the hierarchy 132 of the building 130. It can be seen that the structural frame segments of building unit assemblies 132A, 132B, 132C and building unit assemblies 132D, 132E, and 132F are interconnected to one another in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. The inner ends of the building unit assemblies 132A, 132C, 132D, and 132F include end structural frame segments 150 that cooperate with complementary structural frame segments of adjacent building unit assemblies 132G and 132H 40 201022503 and 152. In the case of building unit assemblies 132Β and 132Ε, the end structural frame segments 150 and 152 are bolted directly to the mounting plates 154, 156, 158 and 160, and the mounting plates 154, 156, 158 and 160 are cast to the core 142. Connect internally or otherwise, as shown. Figure 12 also shows a schematic representation of the front side of the building 130 provided by the front side elements. In particular, the end face element 162 is coupled to each of the building unit assemblies 132A-132F. Side front members 164 are coupled to the outside of building unit assemblies 132A, 132C, 132D, and 132F. The side front members 164 are connected to the structural frame segments 16, 18, 20 and 22' of these building unit assemblies as shown. End face front components (not shown) are connected to the end points of building unit assemblies 132G and 132H. The side front members 166 are coupled to the sides of the building unit assemblies 132G and 132H via structural frame segments 168, as shown. The end face members 162 can be load supported and integrated into the building unit. Depending on the structural requirements of the building, steel and/or reinforced concrete may be utilized as a feature structure and a puff structure. The front elements can be solid or hollow to allow for a large amount of concrete filling or field joining of the concrete elements. A large rigid shear wall composed of frontal elements can be provided. % tables, poles and screens can be added to the front as needed. The frontal elements can include non-structural wraps such as different metal panels, wood, terracotta, glass, and the like. Figure 13A is a schematic view of a floor plan of an apartment building 69 with ten apartments in each class. The building has a distributed core configuration that is somewhat similar to that shown in Figure 8 and includes two ladder wells 71 and 73 and two lift wells 75 and 77. As shown in Figures 13B and C, each individual apartment is formed by two adjacent building units 72.ι&72.2, 72.1&72.2 of the room required to provide the apartment with 41 201022503. In this configuration, the ladder wells 71 and 73 are built in the building unit. Figures 13D and E show the layout of alternative apartments using three and two building units, respectively. Figures 14A through B show two levels of a hotel building 79 having fourteen rooms on the lower level 81 (Fig. 14A) and twelve rooms on the upper level 83 (Fig. 14B). In this general configuration, the lift well 91 forms a side core similar to the side core 67 of Figure 7c, and the ladder wells 87 and 89 are internal, _ similar to the configuration of Figure 8. Basically, in this configuration, as shown in Fig. 14C, a single building unit 93 is used for each room in a hotel building. In this configuration, the lift and the well are constructed separately, rather than being part of the building unit. This contributes to the tension and stability of the building. Figures 15A and B show a hybrid use of building 85 with office space in the lower strata of the building and residential dwellings in the higher strata. Figure 15A shows a typical floor plan for a residential home with different building units. Building units having similar or different shapes can be used at lower levels as commercial office spaces. As described above, the building unit 2 can be partially or substantially completely fitted according to the requirements of the completed building. As described in the previous prior art document, since similar techniques have been used in low-rise structures, there is no need to detail techniques for configuring different wire-forming units to form a flat Φ map. Other techniques such as biting, and can be utilized by conventional techniques or similar techniques of the prior art. Construction damage and / or the construction of the table. For example, use this side 42 201022503 The footing of any building will have a footing of a customary approach to suit the site conditions and building height. However, as the weight of the building constructed in accordance with the present invention is reduced, the size and energy of the footing will be reduced and thus less expensive than conventionally constructed concrete structures. Because this type of construction is most suitable. - The transfer hierarchy can be formed at the top level of the parking lot to transfer the load from the unit to the parking structure as needed. Use this
方式二可達成結構性構件之最經濟且有效率的佈局。 單几的屋頂可製成-分離的框架式段並被揚升至最頂 举疋上的位置中且以與單元之間連接相同的方式作連接。 成有短根柱’其對準於下方的結構性框架分段、鋼 :^鋼平行椅條。-胸牆係形成於各單元周邊周圍,以 後,-ί獨ΐ排放的單元尺寸段來構成整體屋頂。裝設之 面呈現^蓋件被揚升至所有胸牆上方以使單元之間的接 板之鋼°屋頂的覆蓋物可身為具有習見排水溝與防雨 ==:铺物設有爽板與-含通青的防水薄膜。 成的屋項頂部露台材,木:艙板等額外修製物添加至所生 13。可依需要添加植物平台及走道。 屋頂2二3片式屋頂中來自排水溝的懸管或連接至 物的外部面Γ 排水作用。懸管將概括被定位於建築 的方式接至陽台排水件的懸管之薄膜屋頂相同 出口,所的排水作用。陽台排水件常對準於屋頂 各回CT中使用用於連接屋頂出口及陽台排 43 201022503 水件之單一懸管。 服務件及配合件可被包括在各單元中並可從附件及配 合件被配合至一適於在裝設後作連接之中央點。 可以習見方式在現場進行主豎件(水、瓦斯、廢水等) 及線纜(電力、電話及數據等)的裝設。 以習見建築物中大體相同的方式來建置工廠設備。工 廠類型取決於建築物尺寸、可取得或所需要的服務件類型 以及易取得性。 第16圖更詳細地顯示建築物單元總成2及用於互連不 同單元的新穎連接總成之一實施例的結構。廣泛來說,此 建築物單元總成的建構係依循一建構—自我支撐式單元、 接著將一或多個支撐柱附接至其外部之製程。 圖示配置中,側壁6係由與運送貨櫃所使用者類似之輪 廓狀鋼片材179形成。一般而言,片具有例如16mm的厚度 並對於整體壁使用單片,其可能具有例如27〇〇mm高度與 10m至20m之間的長度。側壁6包括一上軌18〇,上軌18〇被 熔接至輪廓狀壁片材179的頂邊緣。一般而言,軌“ο為 60x60mm並有例如3mm壁厚度。側壁6亦包括一底軌182, 底軌係具有一包含一下凸緣183及一較寬上凸緣185之概呈 C形剖面’較寬上凸緣185被熔接至片材179的底邊緣。底軌 182的中央腹板深度通常為160mm,且材料具有例如斗^瓜瓜 的厚度。 地板8可由複數個在側壁6之間側向地延伸橫越建築物 且配置於400mm中心之鋼平行樹條184構成。平行衔條端點 44 201022503 係熔接或螺栓至側壁6的底軌182之中央腹板,如圖所示。 地板進一步包括藉由螺絲或類似物被安裝至平行樹條184 之夾板地板件186。 屋頂10係由可與侧壁6使用者相同之輪廓狀鋼片材186 構成。屋頂進一步包括一屋頂軌188,屋頂軌188在圖示配 置中係為一 L剖面通路,例如為具有6mm壁厚度之 55x55mm。屋頂軌188可被溶接或螺栓至側壁6的上軌180。 建築物單元2的其他側壁4具有類似構造而不需描述。 側壁4與6及地板及屋頂8與10的組件係界定能夠支撐 其自身重量及使用中對其所施加的活負荷之建築物單元的 箱狀結構。圖示配置中,内部側壁係襯墊有防火評等石膏 板190及192的一雙層,其藉由上及下扣板194及196被連接 至片材179内側。類似地,屋頂係襯墊有兩石膏板198及 200,其藉由天花板扣板202被連接至面板186内面。石膏板 的雙層係連同石膏板及輪廓狀片材179及面板186之間的空 間來增進建築物單元本身及其間的防火評等及隔音。 第16圖亦顯示柱元件22及下與上安裝區塊24及26。圖 示配置中,柱元件22係由一正方形剖面鋼樑形成,其例如 為100x100mm且具有譬如9mm壁厚度。其上端2〇直接溶接 至側壁6的上軌180。柱元件22的頂部熔接至上安裝區塊 26,而柱元件22的底部'熔接至下安裝區塊24。圖示配置中, 下安裝區塊24比上區塊26略為更寬且其内側延伸至通路内 藉以形成側壁6的底軌182並與其熔接。這完成了柱元件22 及安裝區塊24及26對於側壁6之連接。建築物單元總成的其 45 201022503 他柱元件16、18及20係以類似方式被連接而不需描述。Mode 2 achieves the most economical and efficient layout of structural components. A single roof can be made - a separate frame section and lifted up to the position on the topmost rafter and connected in the same way as the connection between the units. It has a short root column 'which is aligned with the structural frame segment below, steel: ^ steel parallel chair strip. - A chest wall is formed around the periphery of each unit, and thereafter, the unit size section of the unit is discharged to form an integral roof. The surface of the installation is presented. The cover is raised to all the chest walls so that the steel between the units can be covered with a gutter and rainproof. ==: The pavement is provided with a cool plate and - Waterproof film with clearing. Additional items such as roofing materials, wood: decking, etc. are added to the house. Plant platforms and walkways can be added as needed. In the roof of the 2nd and 3rd roofs, the suspension pipe from the gutter or the external surface connected to the object is drained. The suspension pipe will be summarized in the manner of being positioned in the building to the ceiling of the membrane of the ceiling drain of the membrane of the same outlet, the drainage effect. Balcony drains are often aligned with the roof. Each back CT is used to connect the roof exit and the balcony row 43 201022503 Single suspension tube for water. The service member and the mating member can be included in each unit and can be fitted from the attachment and the fitting to a central point suitable for attachment after installation. It is possible to carry out the installation of main vertical parts (water, gas, waste water, etc.) and cables (electricity, telephone and data, etc.) on site. Establish factory equipment in much the same way as in the building. The type of plant depends on the size of the building, the type of service that is available or required, and the availability. Figure 16 shows in more detail the structure of one embodiment of a building unit assembly 2 and a novel connection assembly for interconnecting different units. Broadly speaking, the construction of the building unit assembly follows a process of constructing a self-supporting unit followed by attaching one or more support columns to its exterior. In the illustrated configuration, the side wall 6 is formed from a profiled steel sheet 179 similar to the user of the shipping container. In general, the sheet has a thickness of, for example, 16 mm and a single piece is used for the integral wall, which may have a length of, for example, 27 mm and a length of between 10 m and 20 m. The side wall 6 includes an upper rail 18 〇 which is welded to the top edge of the contoured wall sheet 179. In general, the rail "o is 60x60 mm and has a wall thickness of, for example, 3 mm. The side wall 6 also includes a bottom rail 182 having a generally C-shaped profile including a lower flange 183 and a wider upper flange 185. The wider upper flange 185 is welded to the bottom edge of the sheet 179. The center web 182 has a central web depth of typically 160 mm and the material has a thickness such as a bowl of melon. The floor 8 can be made up of a plurality of sides between the side walls 6. A steel parallel bar 184 extending transversely across the building and disposed at a center of 400 mm is formed. The parallel end of the end 44 4422 22503 is welded or bolted to the central web of the bottom rail 182 of the side wall 6, as shown. A splint floor member 186 that is mounted to the parallel tree strip 184 by screws or the like is included. The roof 10 is constructed of a contoured steel sheet 186 that can be the same as the user of the side wall 6. The roof further includes a roof rail 188, roof The rail 188 is in the illustrated configuration an L-shaped passageway, for example 55 x 55 mm having a wall thickness of 6 mm. The roof rail 188 can be glued or bolted to the upper rail 180 of the side wall 6. The other side walls 4 of the building unit 2 have similar constructions. Without description. Sidewall 4 The components with 6 and the floor and roofs 8 and 10 define a box-like structure capable of supporting the building unit of its own weight and the live load applied thereto in use. In the illustrated configuration, the inner side wall liner is fire rated. A double layer of gypsum boards 190 and 192 is attached to the inside of the sheet 179 by upper and lower gussets 194 and 196. Similarly, the roof lining is provided with two gypsum boards 198 and 200, which are secured by a ceiling. The panel 202 is attached to the inner face of the panel 186. The double layer of gypsum board together with the space between the gypsum board and the contoured sheet 179 and the panel 186 enhances the fire rating and sound insulation of the building unit itself and between. The column element 22 and the lower and upper mounting blocks 24 and 26 are shown. In the illustrated configuration, the column element 22 is formed from a square cross-section steel beam, for example 100 x 100 mm and having a wall thickness of, for example, 9 mm. The upper end 2〇 is directly fused to The upper rail 180 of the side wall 6. The top of the post member 22 is welded to the upper mounting block 26, while the bottom portion of the post member 22 is welded to the lower mounting block 24. In the illustrated configuration, the lower mounting block 24 is slightly larger than the upper block 26. Wider and its inner side extends to the inside of the passage The bottom rail 182 of the side wall 6 is formed and welded thereto. This completes the connection of the column element 22 and the mounting blocks 24 and 26 to the side wall 6. The building unit assembly of its 45 201022503 is similar to the column elements 16, 18 and 20 The way is connected without description.
可有利地在附接結構性框架分段22之前進行一應力減 除步驟。譬如,當單元在一爽具中或藉由夾固被建構時, 應力減除步驟通常將包括釋玫由夾具或夾固件所施用的— 夾固力。對於一具有一經熔接金屬構造之單元,這可包括 譬如藉由冷卻讓金屬中的任何熱應力得以消散。利用此方 式,箱狀單元或單體構造放鬆成為其自然形狀,這可能包 括自其設計形狀產生變形或偏離。然後,柱元件22可如b = 處所描述般被附接。利用此方式,由於柱元件不受到單元 單體構造雜的精確度響,柱元件可達鍾確放置 對於原始設計)。一般而言,用於將柱元件22附接至單元之 安裝部件係具有充分公差以接受單元的偏差。 如上述,-建築物單元總成之建築物單元與結構性框 架分段的此退耗作用係改良了製造容易度,原因在於只有 需被精確聽之建築物單元總成㈣分㈣確切公差製A stress reduction step can advantageously be performed prior to attaching the structural frame segments 22. For example, when the unit is constructed in a slick or by clamping, the stress reduction step will typically include the clamping force applied by the clamp or clamp. For a unit having a fused metal construction, this may include, for example, cooling to dissipate any thermal stress in the metal. In this way, the box-like unit or unitary structure relaxes into its natural shape, which may include deformation or deviation from its designed shape. Column element 22 can then be attached as described at b = . In this way, since the column elements are not subject to the accuracy of the unit cell construction, the column elements can be placed for the original design). In general, the mounting components used to attach the post member 22 to the unit have sufficient tolerance to accept deviations from the unit. As described above, this depletion of the building unit and the structural frame section of the building unit assembly improves the ease of manufacture because only the building unit assembly (four) which is to be accurately listened to (four) is accurately toleranced.
成。譬如建築物單讀⑽其餘部分射舰其他公差水 準製成。 因為結構性框架分段的放置精確度,其(或其-點)可作 為單元内部的配裝以及任何正面⑽的配合之—資料。那 並非使用㈣物單元的壁來引導配裝或—正面_接,因 為其可i不疋直線狀或垂直狀,從結構性絲分段η取得 一參考。為了此作用 測量係形成資料點(譬如柱的内側 壁上之-點係被採取並轉移至自我切式單元的内部。隨 後可從此所轉移參考點轉内部配裝之測量。亦瞭解可能 46 201022503 需要此等參考點。 第17至20圖更詳細地描述呈現下安裝區塊24形式之一 第一安裝部件。安裝區塊概括呈現一具有開端之中空立方 體部的形式,如第17圖清楚顯示。更特地來說,區塊具有 一頂壁210、底壁212及侧壁214與216。區塊具有内及外開 放側邊218及220。頂及底壁210及212包括對準的孔222及 224,其朝向外開放側邊220呈偏移,如第18圖清楚顯示。 區塊24通常具有例如165mm的寬度,例如160的高度及例如 160mm的長度。其較佳由結構鋼製成,且側壁具有例如 16mm厚度,頂及底壁210及212則有20mm的厚度。 第21至24圖圖解式顯示用於上安裝區塊26之結構。區 塊26再度為一概呈立方體中空體部。其具有一頂壁230、底 壁232及側壁234與236。其亦具有開放側壁238及240。側壁 234及236包括對準的孔242及244,其概括配置於側壁中 央。底壁232包括一概括位於其中央之開口 246。頂壁230包 括一較大推拔狀開口248。開口248概呈長方形但具有彎曲 狀角落。推拔係與位居頂壁230上表面的開口248較寬部份 約呈10°,如圖所示。圖示配置中,上安裝區塊26具有約 195mm的高度,例如120mm的寬度及160mm的深度。區塊 由結構等級鋼製成,且側壁234及236具有例如16mm的壁厚 度,底壁232具有20mm的壁厚度,而頂壁230具有40mm的 壁厚度。 第25、26及27圖為顯示一對下相鄰建築物單元總成2A 及2B如何連接至一對上相鄰建築物單元總成2C及2D之片 47 201022503 段圖。將從第25圖看出,上單元2C的下安裝區塊24A被直 接安裝在下建築物單元總成2A的上安裝區塊26A上。更特 別來說,上建築物單元總成2C的底壁212C係直接支承於下 單元的頂壁230A上。亦將看出,柱元件22A及22C彼此對 準。一類似配置係出現於其中使兩建築物單元總成2a及2c 的安裝區塊彼此接合之其他點。利用此方式,上建築物單 元總成2C的整體垂直負載經由安裝區塊被傳遞至下建築物 單元總成2A然後進入柱元件内。to make. For example, the building single reading (10) is made of other tolerances of the rest of the ship. Because of the placement accuracy of the structural frame segments, they (or their points) can be used as a fitting inside the unit and as a fit for any front side (10). That is not to use the wall of the (four) object unit to guide the fitting or the front side, because it can be straight or vertical, taking a reference from the structural wire segment η. For this purpose, the measurement system forms a data point (for example, the point on the inner side wall of the column is taken and transferred to the interior of the self-cutting unit. The reference point can then be transferred from the reference point to the internal fitting measurement. Also know the possibility 46 201022503 These reference points are needed. Figures 17 through 20 illustrate in more detail one of the first mounting components in the form of the lower mounting block 24. The mounting block is generally presented in the form of a hollow cube with an open end, as shown in Figure 17 More specifically, the block has a top wall 210, a bottom wall 212, and side walls 214 and 216. The block has inner and outer open sides 218 and 220. The top and bottom walls 210 and 212 include aligned holes 222. And 224, which are offset toward the outer open side 220, as best shown in Fig. 18. The block 24 typically has a width of, for example, 165 mm, such as a height of 160 and a length of, for example, 160 mm. It is preferably made of structural steel. And the side walls have a thickness of, for example, 16 mm, and the top and bottom walls 210 and 212 have a thickness of 20 mm. The figures 21 to 24 show the structure for the upper mounting block 26. The block 26 is again a substantially cubic hollow body. It has a top wall 230, bottom wall 232 and side walls 234 and 236. It also has open side walls 238 and 240. Side walls 234 and 236 include aligned apertures 242 and 244 that are generally disposed in the center of the side wall. Base wall 232 includes a generalized central portion thereof. The opening 246. The top wall 230 includes a larger push-out opening 248. The opening 248 is generally rectangular but has curved corners. The push-pull system is about 10 degrees wider than the opening 248 of the upper surface of the top wall 230. As shown, in the illustrated configuration, the upper mounting block 26 has a height of about 195 mm, such as a width of 120 mm and a depth of 160 mm. The block is made of structural grade steel, and the sidewalls 234 and 236 have a wall thickness of, for example, 16 mm. The bottom wall 232 has a wall thickness of 20 mm and the top wall 230 has a wall thickness of 40 mm. Figures 25, 26 and 27 show how a pair of lower adjacent building unit assemblies 2A and 2B are connected to a pair of upper adjacent Sections of building unit assemblies 2C and 2D 47 201022503. As seen from Fig. 25, the lower mounting block 24A of the upper unit 2C is directly mounted on the upper mounting block 26A of the lower building unit assembly 2A. More specifically, the bottom wall 212C of the upper building unit assembly 2C is Directly supported on the top wall 230A of the lower unit. It will also be seen that the column elements 22A and 22C are aligned with one another. A similar configuration occurs in other arrangements in which the mounting blocks of the two building unit assemblies 2a and 2c are joined to each other. In this manner, the overall vertical load of the upper building unit assembly 2C is transferred to the lower building unit assembly 2A via the mounting block and into the column elements.
第26圖為與第25圖類似的圖式,差異在於:其顯示分 別配置於建桌物單元總成2A及2C旁邊之建築物單元總成 2B及2C之部分組件的區位。更特別來說,第26圖顯示結構 性框架分段16B及16D的區位並連帶顯示安裝區塊26B及 24D的區位。Figure 26 is a view similar to Figure 25, with the difference that it shows the locations of some of the components of the building unit assemblies 2B and 2C that are placed next to the building unit assemblies 2A and 2C. More specifically, Fig. 26 shows the locations of the structural frame segments 16B and 16D and shows the locations of the mounting blocks 26B and 24D.
圖示配置中,具有三類型連接,為求方便將稱為類型1 連接250 '類型2連接252及類型3連接254( —般來說,如第 28圖所示的類型丨連接25〇係用來將最下方建築物單元總成 的上安裝區塊連接合併至最上方單元的下安裝區塊。圖示 配置中’利用—類型i連接25〇將上安裝區塊26a連接至下安 裝區塊24C ’如圖所示,似地’利用―類型丨連接25〇將上 t裝區塊26C連接至下個垂直相鄰的安裝區塊。 類型2連接252如第29®所示用來連接合併相鄰的上安 裝區塊26。圖示配置中,一類型2連接252係用來連接合併 上安裝區塊26A及26B。類似地, 接合併上安裝區塊26C及26D。 —類型2連接252係用來連 48 201022503 類型3連接254係如第30圖所示用來垂直地連接相鄰的 單元其中因為無法近接下安裝區塊24的内部所以無法使 用類型1連接250,如下文描述。一類型3連接乃4係包括一 長开v連接彳干,長形連接桿從一建築物單元總成的上安裝區 瑰26延伸至下個垂直相鄰單元的上安裝區塊26。 第28圖更詳細地顯示一類si連接25〇。類型丨連接25〇 係包括一螺栓260,螺栓260具有一如圖示包含推拔狀側邊 φ 之長方形頭262。該連接係包括一推拔狀間隔件264,推拔 狀間隔件264概呈立方體形狀但具有推拔狀側邊藉以與上 安裝區塊26的頂壁230中之開口 248形狀呈現互補。推拔狀 間隔件264包括一中央孔徑265以讓螺栓260的轴穿過。該連 接包括一墊圈266及螺帽268。第25圖將看出,下及上安裝 ' 區塊24及26使其開放側壁218A及238C露出藉以讓建築工 人得以近接安裝區塊内部。將上建築物單元總成2(:放置於 下建築物單元總成2A上之前’推拔狀間隔件264先被配置於 • 開口 248中。建築物單元總成2C隨後可被降入位置内,且螺 栓260的軸可被導入經過間隔件264的孔徑265然後經過下 女裝區塊24的底部壁23 2中之開口 246·。建築工人隨後可將 塾圈266及螺帽268放置在螺栓260的轴上並上緊螺帽,經由 下安裝區塊24的開放側壁218獲得近接作用。間隔件264及 開口 248的互補性推拔可確保螺栓轴被正確地定心,藉以在 上與下建築物單元總成之間提供正確對準。第31圖圖解式 顯示在上建築物單元總成降入位置内之前,一類型1連接 250的螺栓之頭262的位置。將可看出,頭262的推拔狀側邊 49 201022503 係概括對準於推拔狀間隔件264者。最上方單元降入位置内 之後,頭262隨後可旋轉90。使其採行如第28圖所示的位 置,其在該位置中可支承抵住頂安裝區塊26之頂壁23〇的底 側。 第29圖示意性顯示相鄰的上安裝區塊26A及mb之間 的一類型2連接252。該連接包括一螺拴27〇 '螺帽272及墊 圈 274。 可看出,側壁236A及234B彼此相鄰且其各別開口 244A 及242B亦對準。螺栓270的軸可穿過經對準的開口以使操作 者隨後可安裝墊圈274且上緊螺帽272。對於安裝區塊26A 及26B内部的近接作用係經由其開放側壁238A及238B。 第30圖圖解式顯示用來垂直地連接合併建築物單元總 成2B及2D之類型3連接254。類型3連接254包括一長形桿 271及頭273。頭273概括呈現具有推拔狀側邊之立方體並與 頭262呈現類似形狀。該連接包括一推拔狀間隔件275,其 與上安裝區塊26B的推拔狀開口 248B概呈互補形狀。推拔 狀間隔件275包括一中央孔徑276以讓桿271穿過。桿271的 上端為螺紋式使其可接收一墊圈278及其上的螺帽28〇。圖 示配置中,頭271係接合安裝區塊26B的頂壁23〇B底側。桿 271的轴係延伸經過通過結構性框架分段16D之下安裝區塊 24D的開口 222D及224D使其自由端位居上安裝區塊26D 内,如圖所示。第32圖顯示降入位置内時之類型3連接254 之頭271的位置。最上方建築物單元總成2〇降入位置内之 後,頭273可旋轉90。使其再度接合安裝區塊26β頂壁的底 50 201022503 ϋ。推拔關隔件及頭之經對準_拔狀面係有助於 單元在裝③及緊固期間的對準。建築卫人隨後可上緊螺帽 280藉以將建築物單元總成2B及2D穩固地互連。 正常來說,建築物單元總成可利用一包含鉤件或其他 緊固部件之吊具被揚升,鉤件或其他緊固部件係可被連接 至-建築物單元總成的四個上安裝區塊26。該類型的連接 可類似於貨運貨櫃的揚升及運送所使用者。 現在參照第27®,其巾顯示m目㈣築物單元總 成1 A、2B及一對上相鄰建築物單元總成2(:及21)之一連接的 側視圖。此配置係包括全部三種連接(類型丨、類型2及類型 3)以連接單702八、28、2(:、2〇,並如下被組裝於_總成中: 建桌物單元總成2C安裝在建築物單元總成2a上且藉由類 型1連接250產生垂直連接。隨後係降入與建築物單元總成 2八相鄰之建築物單元總成2B的位置内,且利用類型2連接 252產生水平連接。一旦建築物單元總成2B已降入位置内, 則無法再近接安裝區塊26A及26B内部,因此製造者無法在 其中放置一類型1連接的組件。為此,需要類型3連接。 第33圖為顯示一四階層建築物280之圖解侧視圖,其包 括前述類型的複數個建築物單元總成。如同顯示,單元利 用類型1、2及3連接250、252及254被互連。圖式以大型粗 體編號顯示不同建築物單元在建築物280中的較佳組裝順 序。單元的確切裝設次序係取決於現場及揚升條件,但一 般在對角方向往上進行。此圖中,建築物包括一含有安裝 板之地基282,類型1連接250被耦合至地基282藉以將建築 51 201022503 物穩固地錫固至地基。 第34至51圖顯示安敦部件的一替代組,其可使用於本 發明的實施财。因此’不採駐裝區塊,各柱係配合於 一用來將相鄰建築物單元總成固定在一起之連接板如下 述。 現在參照第34至51圖描述下及上連接板24及26的另一 實鈿例。岫文描述中,下連接板概括標為編號24〇然而, 本發明的較佳形式中,具有兩類型的下連接板。第一下連 接板206示意性顯示於第34、35及36圖。其基本上包含一具 有例如25mm標稱厚度之長方形鋼板21〇,但厚度可依據要 求而變。圖示配置中,板的長度為290mm且寬度為145mm, 這些維度可依據要求而變。板21〇的底側上係為一推拔狀突 部211。突部211可藉由熔接或類似方式被固定至板21〇。圖 示配置中,突部211概呈立方體形狀且具有2〇mm深度,約 91mm長度及約53mm寬度。推拔在各側上總共約有2.5mm 或者約為5°至10°之間。突部的角落較佳為圓弧狀且具有 5mm至15mm範圍之曲率半徑。板210包括第一、第二及第 三孔徑212、213及214。孔徑212比其他孔徑具有更大直徑 並位居中央縱轴線上。其較佳為32mm直徑。孔徑213及214 在突部211及板端點的一者之間概括呈對稱性對準。孔徑 213及214較佳為26mm直徑。 第36及37圖顯示一第二類型的下連接板215。第二類型 連接板215係包括一正方形板216,正方形板216係與板210 具有相同厚度且其邊緣係為板210的縱向長度之一半長度。 52 201022503 因此,圖示配置中,側邊為145mm長度。板216的底側 包括一對稱性配置的突部217,其與突部211呈現相同形 狀。第一類型的下連接板206之第36圖所示的端視圖將與第 二類型的下連接板215呈現相同。板216不含任何孔徑。 上文描述中,上連接板概括以編號26顯示。事實上具 有兩形式的上連接板。如下文所述,利用類似組件產生不 同類型的上連接板’但其被不同地定向於建築物單元總成 • 卜 第38至41圖圖解式顯示一上連接板218的較佳形狀。 連接板218可自一初始長方形鋼板219形成,板219維度概括 與第16圖所示的板21〇相同,差異在於較佳為4〇rmn的厚 ' 度。上連接板218使一角落自該處被移除藉以界定一長方形 籤片部分220。被移除的角落較佳係為75mmx75mm。板219 包括一位居中央的推拔狀凹部221,其與下連接板2〇6及215 的突部211及217呈現尺寸及推拔角度互補。板219係包括一 φ 第一孔徑222及一第二孔徑223,第一孔徑222在板的一端與 凹部221之間概括沿著板219縱轴線配置,第二孔徑223概括 配置於籤片部分220中央。 孔徑222及223較佳分別具有34mm及28mm的直徑。如 下文更詳細地描述,上連接板218可以不同定向安裝於一建 築物單元總成2上’藉以可利用上及下連接板來互連側向及 垂直相鄰的建築物單元總成2。全部的連接板係由35〇等級 鋼或更高等級製成。 第42及43圖不意性顯示連接板2〇6、215及218形式的安 53 201022503 裝部件如何連接至柱元件18及20以形成結構性框架分段 4218及4220。第42圖顯示柱元件18,其在此配置中係為具 有125mmxl25mm長度及寬度、約4mm至10mm壁厚度的正 方形橫剖面、3050mm整體長度(包括連接板)之一中空鋼 柱。頂連接板206的一者被熔接至柱元件以的上端以使凹部 221中心對準於柱元件18縱轴線。下連接板215的一者被熔 接至柱元件18的下端以使其突部217中心對準於柱18的縱 轴線。這可確使凹部221精確地對準於突部217。 第43圖示意性顯示結構性框架分段4220。將頂連接板 218的一者熔接至柱元件20上端且將下連接板2〇6的一者熔 接至柱元件20下端藉以形成此結構性框架分段。並且,凹 部221及突部211的中心係對準於柱元件2〇的縱轴線。柱元 件20係由與形成元件18所使用者相同之段形成並具有相同 維度。 一替代性實施例中,一結構性框架分段可使其安裝部 件及柱元件一體地形成。在此例中,安裝部件將身為在使 用中接合一鄰近柱元件之柱元件部份,且該部份係用來將 其緊固在'一起。 第44圖顯示一對側向相鄰的建築物單元總成2A及2B 之結構性框架分段的區位。對於建築物單元總成2A的結構 性框架分段18A’選擇上連接板218的定向以使籤片220與側 壁4相鄰且被導引遠離結構性框架分段16A。在同側上,結 構性框架分段16A使其籤片220以相同方式被定向。結構性 框架分段16A係與結構性框架分段18A相同,且因此下連接 54 201022503 板215將位居這些結構性框架分段的下端。 在其他侧壁6A上係配置有結構性框架分段2〇a,使其 籤片部分220相對於與側壁4A相鄰者呈相反定向。結構性框 架分段22A具有與結構性框架分段2〇a相同的構造。因此將 瞭解’結構性框架分段20A及22A皆將使第一下連接板206 位於其下端。 建築物單元總成2B係具有與建築物單元總成2A相同 的構造且因此其柱元件及上與下連接板將與建築物單元總 成2A者相同。 第45圖顯示被側向堆積在一起之建築物單元總成2八及 2B,使得下連接板206的籤片部分220將互相接合,如圖所 示0 柱元件16、18、20及22可在選定區位被熔接至用於建 築物單元2A及2B之側壁及/或架構,使其可如第45圖所示被 側向連接在一起且亦被垂直地連接,如下文更詳細地描述。 第46圖示意性顯示被組裝在一起的複數個建築物單元 總成之等角圖。最前方可見的單元2B係具有一被連接至建 築物單元總成2B的側壁4B之結構性框架分段ii8B。選擇結 構性框架分段18B的長度以使上連接板218B的頂部配置於 屋頂10B平面上方約100mm。 一具有螺紋端之長形連接桿207B係穿過孔徑222B且 其下端接合一與結構性框架分段18B底部呈相鄰配置之螺 紋式麵合構件(第41圖未顯示)’如下文更詳細地描述。一螺 帽209B被上緊於連接桿207B的螺紋端上。如第47圖所示, 55 201022503 隨後可定位一側向相鄰的建築物單元總成2 A,以如圖示使 其側邊結構性框架分段20A與結構性框架分段18B相鄰。此 位置中,籤片部分220A及220B呈併列狀。在建築物單元總 成2A及2B的另一端,類似地配置有結構性框架分段η'及 16B。 建築物單元總成2A及2B對準之後,一第三建築物單元 總成2C可被降至建築物單元總成2B頂部上,其中結構性框 架分段20C垂直地對準於結構性框架分段2〇八,如第48圖所 示。一耦合構件233B可連接至連接桿207B的突起端,如圖 所示。 柄合構件233B實質係為一長形螺帽,其可接收一往上 相鄰的長形連接桿207D的螺紋式下端(如第5〇圖所示p建 築物單元總成2C被降低使得柱20C的突部211C進入柱20A 的凹部221A,並因為其互補的推拔形狀,這將傾向於自動 正確地對準建築物單元總成2C及2A。由於建築物單元總成 2C被降低,其全部突部211及217皆將進入建築物單元總成 2B的對應凹部221。螺栓224、225及226隨後可被導入經過 板206C及218A、218B中之對準的孔徑。更特別來說,螺栓 224穿過孔徑212C及222A;螺栓225穿過孔徑214C及223A, 而螺栓226穿過孔徑213C及223B。螺帽227、228及229可被 上緊於各別螺栓上以將板穩固地麵合在一起,如第49圖所 示。 所有螺帽被上緊之後’一第四建築物單元總成2D可隨 後被降入建築物單元總成2A上方的位置中。為了第49圖清 56 201022503 楚顯示起見,只顯示建築物單元總成2D的結構性框架分段 20D。其被降入位置中以使其突部217d進入建築物單元總 成2B的凹部221B。建築物單元總成2D的四個推拔狀突部將 幫助建築物單元總成2D正確對準於建築物單元總成2八上 方。 第50圖顯示不同板的最終位置。可看出板215D支承抵 住板218B並藉由長形連接桿2〇7D被固持於位置中,如圖所 示。長形連接桿207較佳由30mm直徑鋼桿製成且在其端點 或沿著其整體長度呈螺紋狀。 將瞭解螺帽227、228及229可在第四建築物單元總成2D 降入位置中之前被上緊。一旦發生此作用,則無法近接連 接板,且利用長形連接桿207D將使組裝者能夠從上建築物 單元總成2C及2D的屋頂工作以產生最終連接。用於配合長 形連接桿207D的正常程序係在定位第四建築物單元總成 2D之前將其下端以螺絲接合至耦合構件2338内。建築物單 元總成2D隨後被定位於建築物單元總成2八上方,且桿2〇7〇 的上端係對準於結構性框架分段丨8 D之頂板(未圖示)的孔 徑222。建築物單元總成2D隨後可被降低以使桿2〇7上端穿 過孔徑。對於建築物單元總成2〇的全部結構性框架分段皆 發生一類似順序。 將進一步瞭解’所顯示的配置係對於連接板且因此亦 對於結構性框架分段提供一在垂直及侧向方向皆报強固的 連接。如此將對於建築物賦予剛性及穩定度。 將瞭解連接板的位置可為介入狀,亦即突部可位於上 57 201022503 板上。並且,互補的板可使用於下板而非令上板呈現互補 之圖示配置。 第52至67圖顯示安裝部件的另一實施例及其用於將建 築物單元總成彼此連接之使用方法。此範例代表使用連接 板及安裝區塊之先前實施例的一混合方式。 第52、53及54圖更詳細地描述一示範性下連接板。 將可看出板310包括一長方形基底312,其具有例如125mm 長及25mm厚度的側壁,基底的上邊緣呈去角狀。板31〇包 括一定位突部314,其由鋼鑄成或製成並熔接至基底312底 @ 側。突部314概呈立方體但具有往下推拔狀側邊及端壁,如 圖所示。下連接板310係包括一延伸經過基底M2及突部314 之中央孔徑316。一般而言,孔徑316直徑約為332mm。 建築物單元總成300中,依據單元被部署於何處而定, 結構性框架分段16、18、20及22的上端係設有上連接板318 或上安裝區塊320。基本上,建築物安裝區塊32〇係使用在 難以近接及需要長形連接器之處,類似於早先實施例的類 型3連接器254,如下文更詳細地描述。 ® 第55至57圖更詳細地顯示上連接板318。可看出這是與 下連接板的基底312具有相同尺寸之一形式的一長方形 板。其包括一具有推拔狀側壁之長方形開口 324,該等推拔 狀側壁係與突部314的推拔狀側壁呈現互補因此可使突部 314密切配合於其中。 第58至60圖更詳細地顯示上安襞區塊32〇<5上安裝區塊 320如下文所不被熔接至柱元件的上端並使用在由於無法 58 201022503 近接而需要—長形桿的地方,如同需要類型3連接器254的 案例上女裝區塊32〇概括具有與第21至24圖所示的上安裝 區塊26類似之構造,並已使用相同編號來代表與該實施例 者相同或對應的部份。在此例中,開口 248具有與突部314 互補的形狀,所以當建築物單元總成3〇〇堆積於彼此頂上 時’這些組件可密切配合在一起。 第61至65圖顯示一螺栓330,其可連同下及上連接板 310及320用來將其連接在一起。螺栓33〇具有一頭332及一 轴334。頭332概呈立方體形狀但具有約呈1〇度推拔狀之側 邊及端壁。軸334製成兩種長度,較短者約為12〇mm(類似 於類型1連接器)而較長者具有可使其延伸於建築物單元 300全體高度之長度(類似於類型3連接器)。一般而言,較長 版本具有例如3025mm的長度。任一案例中,轴的上端336 為螺紋式使其可接收一螺帽338。一正方形突部340係突起 超過螺紋,如第63及65圖清楚顯示。 第66及66A圖顯示一上連接板3i〇c如何分別被熔接至 各別支擇柱22A及22C以合作使得單元310C及310A彼此對 準以利用上述特徵構造進行連接。第67圖顯示一類似範 例,但使用一上安裝區塊320及下連接板310C。 第67圖顯示如何使用螺栓330來互連四個相鄰的建築 物單元總成300A、300B、300C及300D。此配置類似於先前 實施例的第27圖所顯示者因而不需詳述。但可看出,結構 性框架分段22的下端係包括近接開口 360以能夠近接至用 於連接上與下連接板之螺帽338。此外,在柱元件設有上連 59 201022503 接板318之處,提供近接開口 362使得水平配置的螺栓364能 夠延伸經過將結構性框架分段予以互連,如圖所示。圖示 配置中,螺栓364的頭係配置於柱元件22A中空内部之外。 如此能使其被固持以利於上緊位居上安裝區塊320D内之螺 帽365。此配置中,螺栓係包括一凸緣367且一墊圈在上安 裝區塊320B之間位居螺栓364的軸上,該配置可使得螺帽 365的上緊作用有效地將結構性框架分段22A的上端、塾圈 369及上安裝區塊320B夾固在一起。第68圖顯示類似第16 圖的圖式但顯示一不同的單元構造。圖示配置中,側壁6係 從與貨運貨櫃所使用者相似之輪廓狀鋼片材179形成。—般 而言,片具有例如1.6mm的厚度,並對於整體壁使用單一 的片’其可具有例如2700mm高度及l〇m至20m間的長度。 側壁6包括一上軌180,上軌180被熔接至輪廓狀壁片材179 的頂邊緣。一般而言,軌180為60x60mm並具有例如3111111的 壁厚度。側壁6亦包括一概呈C形剖面的底軌182,其具有_ 下凸緣183及一被熔接至片材179底邊緣之較寬的上凸緣 185。底軌182的中央腹板之深度通常為160mm,且材料具 有例如4.5mm的厚度。 地板8可由側向橫越建築物單元之平行術條構成。然 而’較佳使地板由輪廓狀鋼片材面板184製成,材料類似於 側壁的材料’差異在於輪廓的深度例如為2〇〇mm。面板係 側向地延伸,該配置對於建築物單元提供充分剛性及強 度。地板面板184的端點在建築物單元任一側被炼接至底軌 182。屋頂10較佳由屋頂面板186製成,其一範例顯示於第 201022503 69、70及71圖。通常將4至8個面板熔接在—起以形成建築 物單元所用之整體屋頂。各面板186形成有縱向及側向加強 肋,如第70圖圖解式顯示。面板較佳由具有例如2mm厚度、 1045mm寬度及2356mm長度的鋼料製成。地板進一步包括 位居輪廓狀底板面板184頂部上之夹板或其他地板材料 186。建築物單元總成2的另一側壁4具有類似構造而不需描 述。 側壁4與6及地板及屋頂8及1〇的組件係界定一能夠支 撐其自身重量及使用中對其所施加的活負荷之箱狀結構。 圖示配置中’内部側壁係襯塾有一層防火評等石膏板19〇, 其與一絕緣面板192相鄰。屋頂係襯墊有兩個石膏板198及 200,其藉由天花板扣板2〇2連接至面板186内面。石膏板的 雙層係連同石膏板及輪廓狀片材179及面板186之間的空氣 空間一起用來增進建築物單元本身及其間的防火評等及隔 音。 第76圖所示的配置中,柱元件2〇被直接熔接至上軌 180。在下端,較佳藉由熔接利用兩連接板187(其一者顯示 於第68圖)將柱元件20下端連接至底軌182。建築物單元總 成的其他結構性框架分段以類似方式被連接。 第72至77圖示意性顯示一經修改的建築物單元總成 300 ’且使用相同編號代表與建築物單元總成2相同或對應 的部份。建築物單元總成300與建築物單元總成2之間的主 要差異在於地板8及連接板24及26的構造。第72至74圖的配 置中,地板平行衔條184係由一如第76圖所示概呈波褶狀鋼 61 201022503 構造的地板面板304所取代。面板304類似於側壁及屋頂所 使用者,但差異在於其較深,通常例如為200mm(如垂直方 向所測量)。波褶的間距一般約為650mm。數個面板304可 被熔接合併成單件使其構成供單元300用之地板的整體結 構。一般而言,面板304的壁厚度是1.6mm。結構性框架分 段16、18、20及22如前文所述般被附裝至側壁4及6。如上 文已作更詳細說明,建築物單元總成2的連接板24及26係與 前述相同。 圖示配置中’建築物單元總成3〇〇包括兩個用來提供額 外剛性之橫向拉撐面板3〇6及308。面板306及308被熔接至 分別與結構性框架分段16及2 2及18及2 0往内相鄰之側壁4 及6以及屋頂1〇。 第74圖顯示其中令建築物單元總成3〇〇使用於一懸臂 構造中之結構性框架分段2〇及22的區位。如此圖所示,中 心跨幅、亦即結構性框架分段2〇及22之間的距離係可最高 達到例如16mm 16公尺,且各端可懸臂狀高達6mm 6公尺。 第75圖顯示如前述所堆積之六個建築物單元總成 300B、3〇〇C、300D、300E、300F及300G。選擇相鄰建築 物單元300之間的間隙或柱區以適應於不同寬度的結構性 框架分段。如同先前實施例,間隙可在建築物整體高度皆 保持相同。 如第77圖清楚顯示,柱元件16、18 ' 2〇及22下端係設 有下連接板310,下連接板31〇被熔接至柱元件下端且取代 早先實施例的下安裝區塊24。 62 201022503 第77圖為更詳細地顯示建築物單元總成3〇〇的部份之 示意橫剖視圖。第44圖為類似第68圖的圖式但顯示建築物 單元總成2之構造的不同細節。此配置中可看出底軌182係 由滾軋鋼形成並使其上及下凸緣反方向突起。下凸緣183被 熔接至地板面板304的底側,如圖所示。如同先前實施例, 上凸緣185被’溶接至輪廓狀壁片材179的下邊緣。In the illustrated configuration, there are three types of connections, which will be referred to as type 1 connection 250 'type 2 connection 252 and type 3 connection 254 for convenience (generally, type 丨 connection 25〇 as shown in Fig. 28) To merge the upper mounting block of the lowermost building unit assembly into the lower mounting block of the uppermost unit. In the illustrated configuration, the upper mounting block 26a is connected to the lower mounting block by the type-connection 25 24C 'As shown, the upper t-block 26C is connected to the next vertically adjacent mounting block by the type-connection 25. The type 2 connection 252 is used to connect and merge as shown in the 29th®. Adjacent upper mounting block 26. In the illustrated configuration, a type 2 connection 252 is used to connect the upper mounting blocks 26A and 26B. Similarly, the blocks 26C and 26D are joined and mounted. - Type 2 connection 252 Used to connect 48 201022503 Type 3 connection 254 is used to connect the adjacent units vertically as shown in Fig. 30. Since the inside of the block 24 cannot be closely connected, the type 1 connection 250 cannot be used, as described below. Type 3 connection is a 4 series including a long open v connection, The elongated connecting rod extends from the upper mounting area 26 of a building unit assembly to the upper mounting block 26 of the next vertically adjacent unit. Figure 28 shows in more detail a type of si connection 25〇. Type 丨 connection 25〇 The system includes a bolt 260 having a rectangular head 262 including a push-like side φ as shown. The connection includes a push-like spacer 264 having a cubic shape but having a push The pull-out side is complementary to the shape of the opening 248 in the top wall 230 of the upper mounting block 26. The push-like spacer 264 includes a central aperture 265 for the shaft of the bolt 260 to pass through. The connection includes a washer 266 and Nut 268. As seen in Fig. 25, the lower and upper mounting 'blocks 24 and 26 expose their open side walls 218A and 238C to allow construction workers to access the interior of the block. The upper building unit assembly 2 (: Before being placed on the lower building unit assembly 2A, the 'push-like spacer 264 is first disposed in the opening 248. The building unit assembly 2C can then be lowered into position and the shaft of the bolt 260 can be introduced through The aperture 265 of the spacer 264 then passes under The opening 246 in the bottom wall 23 2 of the women's block 24. The construction worker can then place the collar 266 and the nut 268 on the shaft of the bolt 260 and tighten the nut through the open side wall of the lower mounting block 24. The proximity effect is obtained by 218. The complementary pushing of the spacer 264 and the opening 248 ensures that the bolt shaft is properly centered to provide proper alignment between the upper and lower building unit assemblies. Figure 31 is shown graphically. The position of the head 262 of the bolt of a type 1 connection 250 before the upper building unit assembly is lowered into position. It will be seen that the push-like sides 49 201022503 of the head 262 are generally aligned with the push-like spacers 264. After the uppermost unit is lowered into position, head 262 can then be rotated 90. It is brought to a position as shown in Fig. 28, which is supported in this position against the bottom side of the top wall 23A of the top mounting block 26. Figure 29 is a schematic representation of a type 2 connection 252 between adjacent upper mounting blocks 26A and mb. The connection includes a bolt 27' nut 272 and a washer 274. It can be seen that the side walls 236A and 234B are adjacent to one another and their respective openings 244A and 242B are also aligned. The shaft of the bolt 270 can pass through the aligned opening to allow the operator to subsequently install the washer 274 and tighten the nut 272. The proximity of the interior of mounting blocks 26A and 26B is via their open sidewalls 238A and 238B. Figure 30 is a graphical representation showing a type 3 connection 254 for vertically connecting merged building unit assemblies 2B and 2D. Type 3 connection 254 includes an elongated rod 271 and a head 273. Head 273 generally presents a cube having a push-like side and presents a similar shape to head 262. The connection includes a push-like spacer 275 that is substantially complementary in shape to the push-out opening 248B of the upper mounting block 26B. The push-like spacer 275 includes a central aperture 276 for the rod 271 to pass through. The upper end of the rod 271 is threaded to receive a washer 278 and a nut 28 thereof. In the illustrated configuration, the head 271 is engaged with the bottom side of the top wall 23A of the mounting block 26B. The shaft of the rod 271 extends through the openings 222D and 224D of the mounting block 24D through the structural frame section 16D such that the free end thereof is seated in the upper mounting block 26D as shown. Figure 32 shows the position of head 271 of type 3 connection 254 when lowered into position. After the topmost building unit assembly 2 is lowered into position, the head 273 can be rotated 90. It is again engaged with the bottom 50 of the top wall of the mounting block 26β 201022503 ϋ. The alignment of the spacer and the head is aligned to facilitate alignment of the unit during assembly 3 and fastening. The building guard can then tighten the nut 280 to securely interconnect the building unit assemblies 2B and 2D. Normally, the building unit assembly can be lifted using a spreader comprising hooks or other fastening components, and the hook or other fastening component can be attached to the four mountings of the building unit assembly. Block 26. This type of connection can be similar to the lift and transport user of a freight container. Referring now to the 27th®, the towel shows a side view of the connection of one of the M (4) building unit assemblies 1 A, 2B and a pair of adjacent building unit assemblies 2 (: and 21). This configuration includes all three connections (type 丨, type 2, and type 3) to connect single 702 eight, 28, 2 (:, 2 〇, and is assembled in the _ assembly as follows: Table unit assembly 2C installation A vertical connection is made on the building unit assembly 2a and by type 1 connection 250. It is then lowered into the position of the building unit assembly 2B adjacent to the building unit assembly 2, and is connected 252 using type 2. A horizontal connection is produced. Once the building unit assembly 2B has been lowered into position, the interior of the blocks 26A and 26B can no longer be accessed, so that the manufacturer cannot place a type 1 connected component therein. For this, a type 3 connection is required. Figure 33 is a diagrammatic side view showing a four-story building 280 including a plurality of building unit assemblies of the foregoing type. As shown, the units are interconnected using Types 1, 2 and 3 connections 250, 252 and 254. The drawing shows the preferred assembly sequence of different building units in the building 280 in large bold numbers. The exact order of the units depends on the site and the lifting conditions, but generally in the diagonal direction. In the picture, building Including a foundation 282 containing a mounting plate, a type 1 connection 250 is coupled to the foundation 282 to securely secure the building 51 201022503 to the foundation. Figures 34 through 51 show an alternative set of Anton components that can be used in the present invention. Therefore, the 'supporting block is not used, and each column is fitted to a connecting plate for fixing adjacent building unit assemblies together as follows. Now refer to the lower and upper connections as described in Figures 34 to 51. Another embodiment of the plates 24 and 26. In the description of the text, the lower connecting plate is generally designated as number 24. However, in a preferred form of the invention, there are two types of lower connecting plates. The first lower connecting plate 206 is illustrated. The figures are shown in Figures 34, 35 and 36. It basically comprises a rectangular steel plate 21〇 having a nominal thickness of, for example, 25 mm, but the thickness can be varied as required. In the illustrated configuration, the length of the plate is 290 mm and the width is 145 mm. These dimensions may vary depending on the requirements. The bottom side of the plate 21A is a push-like protrusion 211. The protrusion 211 may be fixed to the plate 21 by welding or the like. In the illustrated configuration, the protrusion 211 is roughly cubic shape and has 2 Mm depth, about 91 mm length and about 53 mm width. Pushing on each side is about 2.5 mm or about 5° to 10° in total. The corners of the protrusions are preferably arc-shaped and have a range of 5 mm to 15 mm. The radius of curvature. The plate 210 includes first, second and third apertures 212, 213 and 214. The aperture 212 has a larger diameter than the other apertures and is situated on the central longitudinal axis. It is preferably 32 mm in diameter. The apertures 213 and 214 are The protrusions 211 and one of the plate end points are generally symmetrically aligned. The apertures 213 and 214 are preferably 26 mm in diameter. Figures 36 and 37 show a second type of lower connection plate 215. The second type of web 215 includes a square plate 216 having the same thickness as the plate 210 and an edge that is one-half of the length of the longitudinal length of the plate 210. 52 201022503 Therefore, in the illustrated configuration, the sides are 145mm in length. The bottom side of the plate 216 includes a symmetrical arrangement of projections 217 that assume the same shape as the projections 211. The end view shown in Fig. 36 of the first type of lower web 206 will be identical to the second type of lower web 215. Plate 216 does not contain any aperture. In the above description, the upper connecting plate is generally indicated by reference numeral 26. In fact there are two forms of upper connecting plates. As described below, similar components are used to create different types of upper webs' but are differently oriented to the building unit assembly. • Figures 38 through 41 illustrate the preferred shape of an upper web 218. The connecting plate 218 can be formed from an initial rectangular steel plate 219 having the same dimensions as the plate 21A shown in Fig. 16, with the difference being that the thickness is preferably 4 〇 rmn. The upper web 218 allows a corner to be removed therefrom to define a rectangular cutout portion 220. The removed corner is preferably 75mm x 75mm. The plate 219 includes a centrally located push-like recess 221 that is complementary in size and push-out angle to the projections 211 and 217 of the lower webs 2 and 6 and 215. The plate 219 includes a φ first aperture 222 and a second aperture 223. The first aperture 222 is generally disposed along the longitudinal axis of the plate 219 between one end of the plate and the recess 221, and the second aperture 223 is generally disposed in the label portion. 220 Central. The apertures 222 and 223 preferably have diameters of 34 mm and 28 mm, respectively. As described in more detail below, the upper webs 218 can be mounted to a building unit assembly 2 in different orientations, whereby the upper and lower webs can be utilized to interconnect the laterally and vertically adjacent building unit assemblies 2. All connecting plates are made of 35〇 grade steel or higher. Figures 42 and 43 unintentionally show how the mounting members of the connecting plates 2, 6, 215 and 218 are attached to the column members 18 and 20 to form structural frame segments 4218 and 4220. Figure 42 shows the column member 18, which in this configuration is a hollow steel column having a square cross section of 125 mm x 125 mm length and width, a wall thickness of about 4 mm to 10 mm, and an overall length of 3050 mm (including the web). One of the top webs 206 is fused to the upper end of the post member such that the recess 221 is centered on the longitudinal axis of the post member 18. One of the lower webs 215 is fused to the lower end of the post member 18 such that its projection 217 is centered on the longitudinal axis of the post 18. This makes it possible to precisely align the recess 221 with the projection 217. Figure 43 schematically shows a structural frame segment 4220. One of the top webs 218 is welded to the upper end of the post member 20 and one of the lower webs 6 is welded to the lower end of the post member 20 to form the structural frame segment. Further, the centers of the concave portions 221 and the projections 211 are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the column member 2''. The column member 20 is formed of the same segments as the user forming the member 18 and has the same dimensions. In an alternative embodiment, a structural frame segment can have its mounting member and post member integrally formed. In this case, the mounting member will be the portion of the post member that engages an adjacent post member in use and that portion is used to secure it together. Figure 44 shows the location of a structural frame segment of a pair of laterally adjacent building unit assemblies 2A and 2B. The orientation of the upper web 218 is selected for the structural frame segment 18A' of the building unit assembly 2A such that the tab 220 is adjacent the side wall 4 and is directed away from the structural frame segment 16A. On the same side, the structural frame segment 16A has its signature 220 oriented in the same manner. The structural frame segment 16A is identical to the structural frame segment 18A, and thus the lower connection 54 201022503 plate 215 will be positioned at the lower end of these structural frame segments. Structural frame segments 2A are disposed on the other side walls 6A such that their tab portions 220 are oriented opposite to the adjacent side walls 4A. The structural frame segment 22A has the same configuration as the structural frame segment 2A. It will therefore be appreciated that the structural frame segments 20A and 22A will have the first lower web 206 at its lower end. The building unit assembly 2B has the same construction as the building unit assembly 2A and thus its column elements and upper and lower webs will be identical to the building unit assembly 2A. Figure 45 shows the building unit assemblies 2-8 and 2B stacked sideways such that the tab portions 220 of the lower web 206 will be joined to each other as shown in the figure by the 0-column elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 The selected locations are fused to the side walls and/or structures for building units 2A and 2B so that they can be joined sideways as shown in Fig. 45 and also vertically connected, as described in more detail below. Figure 46 is a schematic representation of an isometric view of a plurality of building unit assemblies assembled together. The unit 2B visible at the forefront has a structural frame segment ii8B that is connected to the side wall 4B of the building unit assembly 2B. The length of the structural frame segment 18B is selected such that the top of the upper web 218B is disposed about 100 mm above the plane of the roof 10B. An elongated connecting rod 207B having a threaded end passes through the aperture 222B and its lower end engages a threaded facing member (not shown in Fig. 41) disposed adjacent the bottom of the structural frame segment 18B' as described in more detail below. Description. A nut 209B is tightened onto the threaded end of the connecting rod 207B. As shown in Fig. 47, 55 201022503 can then position a side adjacent building unit assembly 2 A to have its side structural frame segments 20A adjacent to the structural frame segments 18B as illustrated. In this position, the label portions 220A and 220B are juxtaposed. At the other end of the building unit assemblies 2A and 2B, structural frame segments η' and 16B are similarly disposed. After the building unit assemblies 2A and 2B are aligned, a third building unit assembly 2C can be lowered onto the top of the building unit assembly 2B, wherein the structural frame segments 20C are vertically aligned with the structural frame points. Paragraph 2 is as shown in Figure 48. A coupling member 233B is connectable to the protruding end of the connecting rod 207B as shown. The shank member 233B is substantially an elongate nut that receives a threaded lower end of an upwardly adjacent elongate connecting rod 207D (as shown in Figure 5, the p building unit assembly 2C is lowered such that the post The protrusion 211C of the 20C enters the recess 221A of the post 20A, and because of its complementary push-out shape, this will tend to automatically and correctly align the building unit assemblies 2C and 2A. Since the building unit assembly 2C is lowered, All of the projections 211 and 217 will enter the corresponding recess 221 of the building unit assembly 2B. The bolts 224, 225 and 226 can then be introduced through the aligned apertures in the plates 206C and 218A, 218B. More specifically, the bolts 224 passes through apertures 212C and 222A; bolts 225 pass through apertures 214C and 223A, and bolts 226 pass through apertures 213C and 223B. Nuts 227, 228, and 229 can be tightened onto the respective bolts to secure the panel to the ground. Together, as shown in Fig. 49. After all the nuts are tightened, a fourth building unit assembly 2D can then be lowered into the position above the building unit assembly 2A. For the sake of Fig. 49, clearing 56 201022503 Chu shows that only the structural box of the building unit assembly 2D is displayed. Section 20D. It is lowered into position to have its protrusion 217d enter the recess 221B of the building unit assembly 2B. The four push-like protrusions of the building unit assembly 2D will help the building unit assembly 2D correct Aligned above the building unit assembly 28. Figure 50 shows the final position of the different plates. It can be seen that the plate 215D is supported against the plate 218B and held in position by the elongated connecting rod 2〇7D, as shown in the figure As shown, the elongated connecting rod 207 is preferably made of a 30 mm diameter steel rod and is threaded at its end or along its entire length. It will be appreciated that the nuts 227, 228 and 229 are available in the fourth building unit assembly. 2D is tightened before being lowered into position. Once this action occurs, the connecting plate cannot be accessed, and the use of the elongated connecting rod 207D will enable the assembler to work from the roof of the upper building unit assembly 2C and 2D to produce the final connection. The normal procedure for mating the elongated connecting rod 207D is to screw the lower end thereof into the coupling member 2338 before positioning the fourth building unit assembly 2D. The building unit assembly 2D is then positioned at the building unit total Into the top of 2, and the pole is 2〇7〇 The end is aligned with the aperture 222 of the top plate (not shown) of the structural frame section 8D. The building unit assembly 2D can then be lowered to pass the upper end of the rod 2〇7 through the aperture. A similar sequence occurs for all structural frame segments in 2 。. It will be further understood that the configuration shown provides a strong connection in the vertical and lateral directions for the connecting plate and therefore also for the structural frame segment. This will give rigidity and stability to the building. It will be understood that the position of the connecting plate can be intervening, that is, the protrusion can be located on the upper 57 201022503 board. Also, complementary plates can be used for the lower plate rather than for the upper plate to assume a complementary graphical configuration. Figures 52 to 67 show another embodiment of the mounting member and its method of use for connecting the building unit assemblies to each other. This example represents a hybrid approach to the previous embodiment using a connector board and mounting blocks. Figures 52, 53 and 54 depict an exemplary lower connecting plate in more detail. It will be seen that the plate 310 includes a rectangular base 312 having side walls, for example 125 mm long and 25 mm thick, with the upper edge of the base being chamfered. The plate 31 includes a locating projection 314 that is cast or fabricated from steel and welded to the bottom @ side of the base 312. The projection 314 is generally cubic but has a push-down side and end wall as shown. The lower web 310 includes a central aperture 316 that extends through the substrate M2 and the protrusions 314. In general, the aperture 316 has a diameter of approximately 332 mm. In the building unit assembly 300, depending on where the unit is deployed, the upper ends of the structural frame segments 16, 18, 20 and 22 are provided with an upper connecting plate 318 or an upper mounting block 320. Basically, the building mounting block 32 is used where it is difficult to access and requires an elongated connector, similar to the Type 3 connector 254 of the earlier embodiment, as described in more detail below. ® Figures 55 through 57 show the upper web 318 in more detail. It can be seen that this is a rectangular plate of one of the same dimensions as the base 312 of the lower web. It includes a rectangular opening 324 having a push-like side wall that complements the push-like side walls of the projection 314 so that the projection 314 fits snugly therein. Figures 58 through 60 show in more detail that the upper ampoule block 32"<5 upper mounting block 320 is not fused to the upper end of the column element as described below and is used in the vicinity of the inability to access the 2010 201003-long rod Where, as in the case where Type 3 connector 254 is required, the women's block 32 is generally similar in construction to the upper mounting block 26 shown in Figures 21 through 24, and the same reference numerals have been used to represent the embodiment. The same or the corresponding part. In this example, the opening 248 has a shape that is complementary to the projection 314 so that the components can be closely fitted together when the building unit assembly 3 is stacked on top of each other. Figures 61 through 65 show a bolt 330 that can be used to join them together with the lower and upper webs 310 and 320. The bolt 33 has a head 332 and a shaft 334. The head 332 has a cubic shape but has sides and end walls that are approximately 1 degree of push-out. The shaft 334 is made in two lengths, the shorter being about 12 mm (similar to a type 1 connector) and the longer having a length that allows it to extend over the overall height of the building unit 300 (similar to a type 3 connector). In general, longer versions have a length of, for example, 3025 mm. In either case, the upper end 336 of the shaft is threaded to receive a nut 338. A square projection 340 is raised beyond the thread as shown clearly in Figures 63 and 65. Figures 66 and 66A show how an upper web 3i〇c is fused to the respective support columns 22A and 22C, respectively, to cooperate such that the units 310C and 310A are aligned with each other to be connected using the above-described features. Fig. 67 shows a similar example, but using an upper mounting block 320 and a lower connecting plate 310C. Figure 67 shows how bolts 330 can be used to interconnect four adjacent building unit assemblies 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D. This configuration is similar to that shown in Fig. 27 of the previous embodiment and thus need not be described in detail. It can be seen, however, that the lower end of the structural frame section 22 includes a proximal opening 360 to enable access to the nut 338 for connecting the upper and lower webs. In addition, where the post member is provided with the upper joint 59 201022503 web 318, the proximal opening 362 is provided such that the horizontally disposed bolts 364 can extend through the structural frame segments for interconnection as shown. In the illustrated configuration, the head of the bolt 364 is disposed outside the hollow interior of the post member 22A. This enables it to be held in place to facilitate tightening of the nut 365 in the upper mounting block 320D. In this configuration, the bolts include a flange 367 and a washer is positioned on the shaft of the bolt 364 between the upper mounting blocks 320B. This configuration allows the tightening action of the nut 365 to effectively segment the structural frame 22A The upper end, the cymbal 369 and the upper mounting block 320B are clamped together. Figure 68 shows a pattern similar to Figure 16 but showing a different unit configuration. In the illustrated configuration, the side wall 6 is formed from a contoured steel sheet 179 similar to the user of the shipping container. In general, the sheet has a thickness of, for example, 1.6 mm and uses a single sheet 'for the integral wall' which may have a height of, for example, 2700 mm and a length of between 10 mm and 20 m. The side wall 6 includes an upper rail 180 that is welded to the top edge of the contoured wall sheet 179. In general, the rail 180 is 60 x 60 mm and has a wall thickness of, for example, 3111111. The side wall 6 also includes a bottom rail 182 having a generally C-shaped cross-section having a lower flange 183 and a wider upper flange 185 that is welded to the bottom edge of the sheet 179. The center web of the bottom rail 182 is typically 160 mm deep and the material has a thickness of, for example, 4.5 mm. The floor panel 8 can be formed by a parallel strip that laterally traverses the building unit. However, it is preferred that the floor be made of a contoured steel sheet panel 184 that differs in material from the side walls by the depth of the profile being, for example, 2 mm. The panel extends laterally, which provides sufficient rigidity and strength to the building unit. The end of the floor panel 184 is spliced to the bottom rail 182 on either side of the building unit. The roof 10 is preferably made from a roof panel 186, an example of which is shown in Figures 201022503 69, 70 and 71. Typically 4 to 8 panels are welded together to form the overall roof for the building unit. Each panel 186 is formed with longitudinal and lateral reinforcing ribs as shown graphically in Figure 70. The panel is preferably made of a steel material having a thickness of, for example, 2 mm, a width of 1045 mm, and a length of 2356 mm. The floor further includes a splint or other flooring material 186 positioned on top of the contoured floor panel 184. The other side wall 4 of the building unit assembly 2 has a similar configuration and need not be described. The components of the side walls 4 and 6 and the floor and roof 8 and 1 define a box-like structure that supports its own weight and the live load applied thereto during use. In the illustrated configuration, the inner sidewall lining has a fire rated gypsum board 19 相邻 adjacent to an insulating panel 192. The roofing liner has two gypsum panels 198 and 200 that are attached to the inner face of panel 186 by ceiling gussets 2〇2. The double layer of gypsum board is used together with the air space between the gypsum board and the contoured sheet 179 and the panel 186 to enhance the fire rating and sound insulation of the building unit itself and between. In the configuration shown in Fig. 76, the column member 2 is directly welded to the upper rail 180. At the lower end, the lower end of the post member 20 is preferably coupled to the bottom rail 182 by welding using two webs 187 (one of which is shown in Fig. 68). Other structural frame segments of the building unit assembly are connected in a similar manner. Figures 72 through 77 schematically show a modified building unit assembly 300' and use the same number to represent the same or corresponding portion of building unit assembly 2. The main difference between the building unit assembly 300 and the building unit assembly 2 is the construction of the floor 8 and the webs 24 and 26. In the configuration of Figs. 72 to 74, the floor parallel frame 184 is replaced by a floor panel 304 constructed as a corrugated steel 61 201022503 as shown in Fig. 76. Panel 304 is similar to the side wall and roof user, but differs in that it is deep, typically for example 200 mm (as measured in the vertical direction). The spacing of the pleats is typically about 650 mm. A plurality of panels 304 can be fused and formed in a single piece to form the overall structure of the floor for unit 300. In general, the wall thickness of panel 304 is 1.6 mm. The structural frame segments 16, 18, 20 and 22 are attached to the side walls 4 and 6 as previously described. As explained in more detail above, the connecting plates 24 and 26 of the building unit assembly 2 are the same as described above. In the illustrated configuration, the 'building unit assembly 3' includes two lateral struts 3〇6 and 308 for providing extra rigidity. Panels 306 and 308 are fused to side walls 4 and 6 and roof 1 adjacent to structural frame segments 16 and 2 2 and 18 and 20, respectively. Figure 74 shows the location of the structural frame segments 2 and 22 in which the building unit assembly 3 is used in a cantilever configuration. As shown in this figure, the center span, i.e., the distance between the structural frame segments 2〇 and 22, can be up to, for example, 16 mm 16 meters, and each end can be cantilevered up to 6 mm 6 meters. Figure 75 shows six building unit assemblies 300B, 3〇〇C, 300D, 300E, 300F and 300G stacked as described above. A gap or column area between adjacent building elements 300 is selected to accommodate structural frame segments of different widths. As with the previous embodiment, the gap can remain the same at the overall height of the building. As clearly shown in Fig. 77, the lower ends of the column members 16, 18' 2 and 22 are provided with a lower connecting plate 310 which is welded to the lower end of the column member and replaces the lower mounting block 24 of the earlier embodiment. 62 201022503 Figure 77 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a portion of the building unit assembly 3〇〇 in more detail. Fig. 44 is a view similar to Fig. 68 but showing different details of the construction of the building unit assembly 2. In this configuration it can be seen that the bottom rail 182 is formed from rolled steel and has its upper and lower flanges projecting in opposite directions. The lower flange 183 is welded to the underside of the floor panel 304 as shown. As with the previous embodiment, the upper flange 185 is 'fused to the lower edge of the contoured wall sheet 179.
第78圖顯示另一經修改的建築物單元總成35〇,其合併 了建築物單元誠2及3GG的元件。更特別來說,地板8包括 平行樹條184但結構性框架分段頂部及底部上之連接則與 建築物單元總成300中相同。此實施例中,視需要,一強化 樑352可被熔接於軌182與結構性框架分段的下端之間。 第79圖顯示可使用於本發明實施例中之另一替代性建 築物單元的構造。此實施例概括與先前實施例之差異係在 於.其主要對於其壁、地板及㈣構造使用扁平片材料, 而非先前實施例所採用的波褶輪廓狀片。第79圖的實施例 中,藉由沿著段的長度關隨放置平行術條來加強壁、 地板及屋頂。第79财,可看見一建築物單元4〇〇之部份分 解的橫剖視圖。建築物單元包括一壁面板術、一屋頂面板 404及一地板面板406。 屋頂面板404具有一角落角度段4〇8,其譬如可能是一 具有厚度4mm的角狀段11〇11111^11〇111111。其被熔接至可2身 為1.6mm厚的片鋼之壁片材料41〇。 一系列的平行術條411係延伸橫越屋頂面板4〇4到達與 段408相同的另-角度段。平行衔條411係在其端面上被炼 63 201022503 接至角度408且沿著其頂邊緣被熔接至片41〇。類似的平行 術條411係沿著屋頂面板以間隔被分開,譬如呈6〇〇mm中心 間隔。較佳實施例中,平行樹條411是〇〇〇19規格的平行榭 條。 壁面板402構造係類似於屋頂面板4〇4者。在壁面板4〇2 頂部具有一角狀段412。角狀段412係支撐屋頂面板並可能 在屋頂面板上具有與角狀段4〇8類似的維度。一第二角狀段 414位居屋頂面板4〇2底部。此角狀段414係支撐地板面板 406。此範例中’下角度414具有維度21〇1111狀11〇111111且為 3mm厚。壁面板的表皮為片鋼,譬如2.4mm的450MPa鋼片。 這在其頂部被熔接至角度412且在其底部被熔接至角度 414。利用延伸於下角狀段414與上角狀段412之間的c平行 樹條418來加強片鋼壁面板416。C平行樹條係沿著壁的長度 分佈並以間隔與其溶接。圖示實施例中,平行術條418可身 為沿著壁被設定呈600mm中心距離之C7519規格平行術條。 地板面板406具有與屋頂404及壁402類似的一構造。屋 頂面板406在各端具有一角狀段420(此圖只顯示一端),其可 供一由片鋼面板422構成的下地板面板熔接之用。地板面板 422頂上係具有經熔接的C平行樹條,其延伸於地板的角狀 段420任一側之間。在此例中,地板平行術條可身為沿著地 板面板被設定呈600mm中心距離之C20019規格。 如同先前實施例,屋頂面板、地板面板及壁面板係被 帶領成為接合且楔固在一起。 應瞭解在此處所述的實施例中,建築物單元結構係描 64 201022503 述為被熔接在一起。然而,熟習該技藝者易於瞭解可採用 替代性緊固及附接部件。譬如,可使用鉚釘、螺栓或其他 機械緊固系統取代熔接將組件接合在一起。依據所採用構 造材料而定,亦可能適合使用膠接。並且,依據可近接性 且亦依據所使用材料而定,可採用諸如MIG熔接、tig熔 接、點熔接或其他替代方式等不同炫接技術。 第80圖顯示與第79圖所示非常相似的另一替代性壁構 造。唯一差異係在於··壁面板下端的角狀段在第8〇圖實施 例中呈現倒反狀。為此,此實施例不需作額外描述,而與 第79圖特徵構造呈現對應之特徵構造已被類似地編號。 第81圖顯示可使用於本發明的一實施例中之一替代性 連接板的立體圖。一般而言,第81圖所顯示的結構性框架 分段800係實質地類似於此處已描述的那些結構性框架分 #又因而此圖只顯示其一端。有鐘於此,結構性框架分段8〇〇 係包括一支撐柱802及一連接板8〇4。此範例中,連接板8〇4 具有一概呈長方形的第一端8〇6及一推拔狀的第二端8〇5。 因此,平面圖中,連接板804如同第圖82清楚顯示概呈梯形 形狀。如同先前實施例,連接板係具有一中央凹部81〇,其 用於從一垂直相鄰的結構性框架分段之一類似連接板接收 一接合部件,及數個螺栓孔812及814,其用於緊固至相鄰 、、’σ構性框架分段的其他連接板。結構性框架分段8〇〇在使用 中係被安裝至—建築物單元’其中使得梯形連接板804的較 寬側邊最靠近建築物單元。為此,連接板8G4的面816係推 拔朝向與其附接之建築物單元的壁。 65 201022503 第82圖顯示連接板8〇4的平面圖以更清楚顯示其形 狀此、’、°構丨生框架分段800的較佳形式中,將柱元件8〇2安 裝成使其表面的—者實質對準於連接板的表面818,更佳使 其具有-實質H直對準於梯形連接板謝頂點Μ2之邊緣 820。此較佳對準之原因將描述於下文。 第83圖顯示三個建築物單元總成828、830及832,其將 被併列狀定位以建構—建築物的—階層。建築物單元總成 828、830及832各者係包含一具有四個與其附接的結構性框 架分段之長方形建築物單元。如建築物單元總成828中可看 出,結構性框架分段834及836係被安裝成使其推拔狀側邊 834A及836A面往内 '朝向彼此。建築物單元的另一側邊 上,結構性框架分段838及84〇係呈相反意義被安裝以使其 推拔狀面838A及840A推拔遠離彼此。利用此方式,連接板 的推拔狀面相對於一水平相鄰的建築物單元總成就像一推 拔狀鍵總成般運作。鄰近建築物單元總成之間的此鍵接效 應(keying effect)係可容許建築物單元總成在侧邊上相對於 彼此被精確且容易地定位。 第84A至84C圖顯示鄰近建築物單元總成利用此鍵接 效應而合併之一方式。第84A圖中,兩建築物單元總成844 及846被併列狀定位且分開。此位置中,其受到相對導引的 連接板844A及844B係對準。第84B圖中,當建築物單元總 成844及846合併,其各別結構性框架分段之連接板844a及 846B的推拔狀面係合併使其接合。推拔狀面係提供角度狀 的引導表面’且當單元移動合併時絲引導建築物單元總 66 201022503 成844及846成為正確的相對對準。為了顯示失準,第84B 圖中,建築物單元總成844及_健對準狀態偏離了距離 X。在此例中’當正確對準時,z平行樹條85〇及852將呈現 對準—雖然結構性框架分段的對準是結構性完整度的關 鍵,為便於顯示對準距離,則參考平行樹條。 現在參照第84C圖,其中顯*建築物單元州及_之最 終經精確定位的區位。可看出建築物單元總成係位於可使 結構性框架分段844A及846A在建築物單元之間沿著柱間 隙854被對準且其實質沿著其減狀面^現接觸之位置 中。此時可如同本文他處所描述般藉由螺栓、熔接或其他 手段予以接合在一起。 如第84A至84C圖可看出,連接板的推拔狀面係作為引 導表面而得以容易在水平方向對準建築物單元。,然而,若 建築物單元總成之間在定位期間具有不良的垂直對準,結 構性框架分段的柱之最外的面、特別是實質對準於梯形連 接板的鈍角頂點之柱元件的水平延伸邊緣係亦將作為引導 表面。由於建築物單元總成一般利用一吊具被降入位置 中,幾乎總疋需要此垂直引導。為了進一步予以說明,第 85圖顯示如第81圖所示之一結構性框架分段的相同部分但 具有交又影線以顯示可用來在建築物組裝期間作為弓丨導表 面之結構性框架分段800的部分。 為了便於將建築物單元總成平順引導入位置中,柱元 件802的引導表面係實質對準於連接板8〇4的引導表面。將 可瞭解’特別是如果引導表面中只存在小幅不連續性—諸 67 201022503 如柱7C件8〇2與連接板8〇4之間的一炼接接合部,未必需要 凡美的對準。在此例卜熔接本身將傾向於提供-角狀表 面,其作為相對較平順地橋接於對準的不連續性之引導表 面的部份。將可瞭解,藉由此較佳的對準,縱使兩建築物 單元被帶領而接觸令其連接板未呈水平對準,柱元件802的 引導表面8_將接觸相鄰建築物單元總成的對應連接板 之引導表面並容許建築物單元元件被平順地引導至正確 對準之地點,如上述。 本發明的系統之實施例的優點係包括: β 輪重量的構造一在中樓及高樓構造中以鋼取代混凝土 作為結構性組件(通常約為200kg/m2,相較於一般約為 500kg/m2的正常混凝土構造); 防火保護一建築物單元及外性結構係藉由防火評等的 石膏板被完全保護不受到來自建築物單元内側的火源; · 在生產設施内部進行建構’且建築物單元總成可被堆 積一件、二件或三件高度; 該系統得以利用一組較放寬的工作成員,其中包括半 〇 熟練工人、學徒及女性; 低能源使用一輕重量材料具有顯著較小的具含能量 (embodied energy); 比通常為500kg/m2的習見混凝土結構更小之建築物重 量,估計為200kg/m2 ; 在現場以外的一生產設施内建構建築物單元總成,估 計比起一習見的現場建構建築物而言使用更少5〇%的運送 68 201022503 能量’產生更少75%的廢料且花費更少鄕時間; =為:建純單柄㈣㈣餘他建_單元的外 周呈隔離而使聲學分離高於正常構造。建築物單元之 間的實體_係只位於外性結構的接合點 天具有聲學隔離; 牙研*先 顯著地降低建構時間,藉由在現場 以製備及繼續進行 諸如挖掘、基腳、停車場結構、混凝土核巧讀同時在Figure 78 shows another modified building unit assembly 35, which incorporates the elements of the building unit Cheng 2 and 3GG. More specifically, the floor panel 8 includes parallel tree strips 184 but the connections on the top and bottom of the structural frame sections are the same as in the building unit assembly 300. In this embodiment, a reinforcing beam 352 can be welded between the rail 182 and the lower end of the structural frame segment, as desired. Figure 79 shows the construction of another alternative building unit that can be used in embodiments of the present invention. This embodiment summarizes the differences from the prior embodiments in that it uses flat sheet material primarily for its wall, floor and (iv) constructions, rather than the pleated contour sheets used in the previous embodiments. In the embodiment of Fig. 79, the wall, floor and roof are reinforced by placing parallel bars along the length of the segment. On the 79th, a cross-sectional view of a partial decomposition of a building unit 4〇〇 can be seen. The building unit includes a wall panel, a roof panel 404, and a floor panel 406. The roof panel 404 has a corner angle section 4〇8 which, for example, may be an angular section 11〇11111^11〇111111 having a thickness of 4 mm. It was welded to a wall material 41 which was a 1.6 mm thick sheet steel. A series of parallel bars 411 extend across the roof panel 4〇4 to the same additional angle segment as segment 408. The parallel strip 411 is smelted on its end face 63 201022503 to the angle 408 and is welded to the sheet 41 沿着 along its top edge. Similar parallel bars 411 are spaced apart along the roof panel at intervals, such as a 6 mm center. In the preferred embodiment, the parallel tree strips 411 are parallel rafters of the 〇〇〇19 gauge. The wall panel 402 construction is similar to the roof panel 4〇4. There is an angular section 412 at the top of the wall panel 4〇2. The horn segments 412 support the roof panel and may have dimensions similar to the angular segments 4〇8 on the roof panel. A second angular section 414 is located at the bottom of the roof panel 4〇2. This angular section 414 supports the floor panel 406. In this example, the 'lower angle 414 has a dimension 21 〇 1111 shape 11 〇 111111 and is 3 mm thick. The skin of the wall panel is sheet steel, such as a 2.4 mm 450 MPa steel sheet. This is welded to the top 412 at its top and welded to the angle 414 at its bottom. The sheet steel wall panel 416 is reinforced with a c-parallel tree 418 extending between the lower horn 414 and the upper horn 412. The C parallel tree strips are distributed along the length of the wall and are fused to them at intervals. In the illustrated embodiment, the parallel strip 418 can be a C7519 gauge parallel strip set at a center distance of 600 mm along the wall. Floor panel 406 has a configuration similar to roof 404 and wall 402. The roof panel 406 has an angular section 420 (only one end of the figure) at each end that can be used to weld a lower floor panel constructed of sheet steel panels 422. The floor panel 422 has a welded C-parallel tree strip extending over either side of the angular section 420 of the floor. In this example, the floor parallel bar can be a C20019 gauge set at a center distance of 600 mm along the floor panel. As with the previous embodiment, the roof panels, floor panels, and wall panels are brought into engagement and wedged together. It will be appreciated that in the embodiments described herein, the building unit structure diagram 64 201022503 is described as being welded together. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that alternative fastening and attachment components may be employed. For example, rivets, bolts or other mechanical fastening systems can be used instead of welding to join the components together. Depending on the material used, it may also be suitable to use glue. Also, depending on the splicability and depending on the materials used, different splicing techniques such as MIG welding, tig welding, spot welding or other alternatives may be employed. Figure 80 shows another alternative wall configuration very similar to that shown in Figure 79. The only difference is that the angular section at the lower end of the wall panel is inverted in the eighth embodiment. To this end, this embodiment does not require additional description, and the feature configurations corresponding to the feature constructions of Fig. 79 have been similarly numbered. Figure 81 is a perspective view showing an alternative connecting plate which can be used in an embodiment of the present invention. In general, the structural frame segment 800 shown in Fig. 81 is substantially similar to those of the structural frame described herein and thus only one end of the figure is shown. In this case, the structural frame section 8 includes a support post 802 and a connecting plate 8〇4. In this example, the connecting plate 8〇4 has a substantially rectangular first end 8〇6 and a push-out second end 8〇5. Therefore, in the plan view, the connecting plate 804 is clearly shown in a trapezoidal shape as shown in Fig. 82. As in the previous embodiment, the web has a central recess 81 用于 for receiving a joint member from a similar web of a vertically adjacent structural frame segment, and a plurality of bolt holes 812 and 814 for use For fastening to adjacent, other sigma frame segments. The structural frame segments 8 are mounted to the building unit in use such that the wider sides of the trapezoidal web 804 are closest to the building unit. To this end, the face 816 of the web 8G4 is pushed toward the wall of the building unit to which it is attached. 65 201022503 Figure 82 shows a plan view of the connecting plate 8〇4 to more clearly show its shape. In the preferred form of the 'frame structure 800, the column element 8〇2 is mounted to its surface- Substantially aligned with the surface 818 of the web, it is preferred to have - substantially H aligned with the edge 820 of the trapezoidal web. The reason for this preferred alignment will be described below. Figure 83 shows three building unit assemblies 828, 830, and 832 that will be positioned side by side to construct a building-level. Each of the building unit assemblies 828, 830, and 832 includes a rectangular building unit having four structural frame segments attached thereto. As can be seen in the building unit assembly 828, the structural frame segments 834 and 836 are mounted such that their push-like sides 834A and 836A face inwardly toward each other. On the other side of the building unit, the structural frame sections 838 and 84 are mounted in opposite senses such that the push-down faces 838A and 840A are pushed away from each other. In this way, the push-up surface of the web is operated like a push-pull key assembly with respect to a horizontally adjacent building unit assembly. This keying effect between adjacent building unit assemblies allows the building unit assemblies to be accurately and easily positioned relative to one another on the sides. Figures 84A through 84C show one way in which adjacent building unit assemblies are merged using this bonding effect. In Fig. 84A, the two building unit assemblies 844 and 846 are positioned and separated in parallel. In this position, it is aligned with the oppositely guided webs 844A and 844B. In Fig. 84B, when the building unit assemblies 844 and 846 are combined, the push-like faces of the connecting plates 844a and 846B of the respective structural frame segments are merged and joined. The push-up surface provides an angular guide surface' and the wire guides the building unit totals 66 201022503 to 844 and 846 as the correct relative alignment when the unit moves. In order to show misalignment, in Figure 84B, the building unit assembly 844 and the _ _ alignment state are offset by the distance X. In this example 'when properly aligned, the z-parallel tree bars 85 and 852 will be aligned - although the alignment of the structural frame segments is the key to structural integrity, for ease of display of the alignment distance, reference parallel Tree strips. Reference is now made to Fig. 84C, which shows the location of the building unit state and _ which is ultimately accurately located. It can be seen that the building unit assembly is located in a position where the structural frame segments 844A and 846A are aligned between the building units along the column gap 854 and substantially in contact with their reduced faces. At this point it can be joined together by bolting, welding or other means as described elsewhere herein. As can be seen from Figs. 84A to 84C, the push-up surface of the web is used as a guide surface to easily align the building unit in the horizontal direction. However, if the building unit assemblies have poor vertical alignment during positioning, the outermost faces of the columns of the structural frame segments, in particular the column elements substantially aligned with the obtuse apex of the trapezoidal web The horizontally extending edge system will also serve as the guiding surface. Since the building unit assembly is typically lowered into position with a spreader, this vertical guidance is almost always required. For further explanation, Figure 85 shows the same portion of one of the structural frame segments as shown in Fig. 81 but with cross hatching to show the structural frame that can be used as a bow guide surface during assembly of the building. The part of segment 800. In order to facilitate the smooth introduction of the building unit assembly into position, the guiding surface of the post member 802 is substantially aligned with the guiding surface of the web 8〇4. It will be appreciated that, especially if there is only a small discontinuity in the guiding surface, such as a refining joint between the column 7C member 8〇2 and the web 8〇4, a particular alignment is not necessarily required. In this case, the fusion itself will tend to provide an angulated surface that is part of the guiding surface that is relatively smoothly bridged to the alignment discontinuity. It will be appreciated that with this preferred alignment, even if the two building units are brought into contact such that their webs are not horizontally aligned, the guiding surface 8_ of the post member 802 will contact the adjacent building unit assembly. Corresponding to the guiding surface of the web and allowing the building unit elements to be smoothly guided to the correct alignment, as described above. Advantages of embodiments of the system of the present invention include: Construction of the weight of the beta wheel - In the mid-rise and high-rise constructions, steel is used as a structural component instead of concrete (usually about 200 kg/m2, which is about 500 kg/gen. M2's normal concrete structure); fire protection A building unit and external structure are completely protected by fireproof gypsum board from the fire source from the inside of the building unit; · Construction in the production facility' and construction The unit assembly can be stacked in one, two or three heights; the system is able to utilize a relatively relaxed set of working members, including semi-finished skilled workers, apprentices and women; low energy use with a light weight material has significant Small embolized energy; building weight smaller than the conventional concrete structure of 500 kg/m2, estimated to be 200 kg/m2; construction of building unit assembly in a production facility outside the site, estimated ratio Use a less than 5 % of the transport for a site-built building. 68 201022503 Energy 'produces less 75% of waste and takes less time; =: Pure single handle outer periphery ㈣㈣ I _ he built as a unit separate acoustic isolation than the normal configuration. The entity between the building units is only acoustically isolated at the junction of the external structure; the dental research* significantly reduces the construction time by preparing and continuing on site to excel, such as excavation, footing, parking structure, Concrete core reading at the same time
一生產設施中平行式建構建築物單元總成的能力來取代垂 直建構的正常線性順序; 比此凝土結構更向程度的可回收性。其可以組裝的相 反順序被拆解。石膏内容物可回收再度作為石膏板,現凝 土則須被破解且作為骨料或礫^。建築物單元總成係為一 般性空間圍堵結構,其—旦被拆解並可縣建構具有許多 潛在用途的新結構; 建築物的整體配裝可在地表上建構,藉以可維持異常 高程度的維度精確度並確保組裝期間的精確配合; 由於壁位置與結構性系統無關之事實,建築物單元内 含的佈局可以變動。 熟習該技藝者將得知許多修改而不脫離本發明的精神 與範圍。 將瞭解此說明書中所界定及揭露的本發明係延伸至從 圖式或文字可得知或提及的兩或更多項個別特徵構造之所 有替代性組合。所有這些不同組合係構成本發明的不同替 代性態樣。 69 201022503 【圖式簡單說^明】 第1圖為本發明的-實施例之一建築物單元總成的示 意立體圖; 第2A至2E圖顯示利用不同建築物材料所建構之本發 明的實施例之建築物單元總成; 第3A圖為彼此分開之兩建築物單元總成的示意平面 圖;The ability to construct building unit assemblies in parallel in a production facility replaces the normal linear sequence of vertical construction; a greater degree of recyclability than this concrete structure. The reverse order in which they can be assembled is disassembled. The gypsum content can be recycled as a gypsum board, and the current concrete must be cracked and used as aggregate or gravel. The building unit assembly is a general space containment structure, which can be dismantled and can construct new structures with many potential uses; the overall fitting of the building can be constructed on the surface to maintain an abnormally high degree. Dimensional accuracy and precise fit during assembly; the layout of the building unit can vary due to the fact that the wall position is independent of the structural system. Many modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It will be understood that the invention as defined and disclosed in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features that are known or referred to in the drawings. All of these different combinations constitute different alternative aspects of the invention. 69 201022503 [FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building unit assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 2A to 2E are diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention constructed using different building materials. Building unit assembly; Figure 3A is a schematic plan view of two building unit assemblies separated from each other;
第3B圖為顯示被連接在一起之兩相鄰建築物單元總成 的示意平面圖; 麵I 第4A至4D圖為顯示用於建築物單元之不同平面形狀 的示意平面圖; 第5A至5G圖為顯示利用不同方式堆積以建構不同形 狀的高樓建築物之建築物單元總成的示意圖; 第6圖為一幢二十階層建築物的示意側壁圖; 第7A、7B及7C圖為具有核心的建築物之示意等角圖; 第8圖為一具有一分佈式核心之建築物的示意等角圖; 第9圖為一建築物的示意側視圖,圖中顯示柱元件可如 何根據建築物内的高度來改變尺寸; 第10圖為一高樓建築物的五個階層之示意等角圖; 第11A至11E圖顯示位於不同階層中之單元; 第12圖為顯示位於建築物的一階層内之單元的互連之 較詳細示意圖; 第13A圖為用於一公寓建築物之地板平面圖; 第13B、13C、13D及13E圖為使用本發明的單元之典型 70 201022503 公寓; 第14A及14B圖顯示根據本發明所建構之一旅館的較 低及較高地板平面圖階層; 第14C圖為一適合使用於第14A及14B圖的建築物中之 建築物單元總成的較詳細圖式; 第15A圖為一具有住宅及辦公室居所之建築物的地板 平面圖佈局; 弟15B圖顯示供第15A圖建築物的住宅部份所用之單 元的一可能配置; 第16圖為顯示一建築物單元總成的更多細部之示意橫 剖端視圖; 第17圖為一形式的一下安裝區塊之示意立體圖; 第18圖為一下安裝區塊的平面圖; 第19及20圖為下安裝區塊的正交侧視圖; 第21圖為一上安裝區塊的示意立體圖; 第22圖為上安裝區塊的平面圖; 第23及24圖為上安裝區塊的正交側視圖; 第25圖為顯示垂直相鄰的建築物單元總成之互連的等 角圖; 第26圖為顯示垂直及水平相鄰之建築物單元總成的片 段等角圖; 第27圖為顯示四個建築物單元總成之安装區塊的互連 之片段側視圖; 第28圖為顯示兩建築物單元總成之安裝區塊的垂直互 71 201022503 連之較詳細示意端視圖; 第29圖為顯示兩建築物單元總成之安裝區塊的垂直互 連之較詳細示意側視圖; 第30圖為顯示利用長形連接元件之兩建築物單元總成 的安裝區塊之互連的較詳細示意端視圖; 第31及32圖為顯示建築物單元總成揚升期間之連接元 件的定向之示意圖;Figure 3B is a schematic plan view showing two adjacent building unit assemblies connected together; face I Figures 4A through 4D are schematic plan views showing different planar shapes for building units; Figures 5A through 5G are A schematic diagram showing a building unit assembly stacked in different ways to construct high-rise buildings of different shapes; Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a twenty-story building; Figures 7A, 7B and 7C are cored A schematic isometric view of a building; Figure 8 is a schematic isometric view of a building with a distributed core; Figure 9 is a schematic side view of a building showing how the column elements can be based on the building The height is to change the size; Figure 10 is a schematic isometric view of the five levels of a tall building; Figures 11A to 11E show the units in different classes; Figure 12 shows the building in a hierarchy A more detailed schematic of the interconnection of the units; Figure 13A is a floor plan for an apartment building; Figures 13B, 13C, 13D and 13E are typical 70 201022503 apartments using the unit of the present invention; Figures 14A and 14B Shows a lower and upper floor plan hierarchy of a hotel constructed in accordance with the present invention; Figure 14C is a more detailed view of a building unit assembly suitable for use in buildings of Figures 14A and 14B; The picture shows a floor plan layout of a building with residential and office residences; Figure 15B shows a possible configuration of the unit for the residential part of the building of Figure 15A; Figure 16 shows a building unit assembly A schematic cross-sectional end view of more detail; Figure 17 is a schematic perspective view of one form of the next mounting block; Figure 18 is a plan view of the lower mounting block; Figures 19 and 20 are orthogonal sides of the lower mounting block Figure 21 is a schematic perspective view of an upper mounting block; Figure 22 is a plan view of the upper mounting block; Figures 23 and 24 are orthogonal side views of the upper mounting block; Figure 25 is a vertical adjacent view An isometric view of the interconnection of building unit assemblies; Figure 26 is a fragment isometric view showing vertical and horizontal adjacent building unit assemblies; Figure 27 is a diagram showing the installation of four building unit assemblies Fragment of the interconnection of blocks Figure 28 is a more detailed schematic end view showing the vertical mutual 71 of the two building unit assembly installation blocks; 2010 Figure 29 is a vertical interconnection showing the installation blocks of the two building unit assemblies Figure 30 is a more detailed schematic end view showing the interconnection of the mounting blocks of the two building unit assemblies using the elongated connecting elements; Figures 31 and 32 show the building unit assembly Schematic diagram of the orientation of the connecting elements during ascent;
第33圖為一幢四階層建築物的示意側視圖; 第34圖為一下連接板的俯視平面圖; 第35圖為側板的端視圖; 第36圖為另一下連接板的俯視平面圖; 第37圖為第34及36圖所示的連接板之側視圖; 第38圖為一上連接板的平面圖; 第39圖為上連接板的端視圖; 第40圖為沿著線24-24的剖視圖; 第41圖為頂板的側視圖; 第42及43圖為兩形式的結構性框架分段之較詳細片段 圖; 第44圖為具有第42及43圖所示的結構性框架分段且彼 此分開之兩建築物單元總成的示意平面圖; 第45圖為顯示連接在一起之第44圖的建築物單元總成 之示意平面圖; 第46至50圖示意性顯示第42及43圖的結構性框架分段 之互連方式; 72 201022503 第51圖為顯示該互連的不同組件之示意分解圖; 第52圖為下連接板的侧視圖; 第53圖為一下安裝區塊的平面圖; 第54圖為下安裝區塊的端視圖; 第55圖為一替代性上連接板的平面圖; 第56圖為第55圖的上連接板之側視圖; 第57圖為第55圖的上連接板之端視圖;Figure 33 is a schematic side view of a four-story building; Figure 34 is a top plan view of the lower connecting plate; Figure 35 is an end view of the side plate; Figure 36 is a top plan view of another lower connecting plate; a side view of the connecting plate shown in Figs. 34 and 36; Fig. 38 is a plan view of an upper connecting plate; Fig. 39 is an end view of the upper connecting plate; Fig. 40 is a sectional view taken along line 24-24; Figure 41 is a side view of the top panel; Figures 42 and 43 are more detailed fragmentary views of the two forms of structural frame segments; Figure 44 is a structural frame segment having the 42 and 43 drawings and separated from each other A schematic plan view of two building unit assemblies; Fig. 45 is a schematic plan view showing the building unit assembly of Fig. 44 connected together; and Figs. 46 to 50 schematically showing the structures of Figs. 42 and 43 Intersection of the frame segments; 72 201022503 Figure 51 is a schematic exploded view showing the different components of the interconnection; Figure 52 is a side view of the lower connection plate; Figure 53 is a plan view of the lower installation block; The picture shows the end view of the lower installation block; Figure 55 is an alternative Plan view of the web; the web on the first side 56 of the graph of FIG. 55; an end view of the upper connecting plate 57 of the graph of FIG 55;
第58圖為一替代性上安裝區塊之平面圖; 第59圖為第58圖的上安裝區塊之侧視圖; 第60圖為第58圖的上安裝區塊之端視圖; 第61圖為一長形螺栓的平面圖; 第62圖為螺栓頭之片段端視圖; 第63圖為螺栓的上端之側視圖; 第64圖為顯示螺栓頭之片段側視圖; 第65圖為顯示螺栓軸的上端之片段圖; 第66及66A圖為顯示一用於建築物單元總成的替代性 連接技術之示意立體圖; 第67圖為顯示一實施例中的四個建築物單元總成之連 接板及區塊的互連之片段側視圖;及 第68圖為顯示建築物單元總成的部分内部細節及結構 性框架分段與其連接的方式之示意側視圖; 第69圖顯示用於建築物單元之數個屋頂面板; 第70圖為沿著線37-37之橫剖視圖; 第71圖為沿著線38-38之橫剖視圖; 73 201022503 第72圖為本發明的一經修改建築物單元之分解圖; 第73圖為顯示建築物單元總成上之結構性框架分段的 區位之不意圖, 第74圖為一適合懸臂作用之建築物單元總成的示意側 視圖, 第75圖為六個建築物單元總成之示意端視圖; 第76圖為用於第72及73圖的建築物單元之地板面板的 示意立體圖; 第77圖為顯示經修改的建築物單元總成之更多細節的 不意橫剖端視圖, 第78圖為顯示另一經修改的建築物單元總成的更多細 節之示意橫剖端視圖; - 第79圖為顯示又另一經修改的建築物單元的更多細節 - 之示意橫剖端視圖; 第80圖為顯示再另一經修改的建築物單元的更多細節 之不意橫剖端視圖, 第81圖顯示可使用於本發明的一實施例中之一替代性 安裝板的立體圖; 第82圖顯示第81圖的安裝板之平面圖; 第83圖顯示將利用第82圖的一安裝板被安裝在一起之 三個建築物單元總成; 第84A至84C圖顯示鄰近的建築物單元總成利用第82 圖的一安裝板所合併之方式; 第8 5圖顯示與第81圖所示相同之一結構性框架分段的 74 201022503 部分,但添加細節。 【主要元件符號說明】 2,61.1,61.2,613,3〇〇A,3〇〇B,300C,3〇〇D,3〇〇E,3〇〇F,3〇〇G,828,830, 832,844,846…建築物單元總成 2.3,2.4,201,202,203,204…單元 2A,2B…下建築物單元總成 2C,2D…上建築物單元總成 4,6,6A,234,234B,236,236A…側壁 4B…建築物單元總成2B的側壁 8…地板 ΙΟ,ΙΟΒ…屋頂 • 12,14···端點,端壁 - 16,18,20,22…柱元件,結構性框架分段 16A,16B,16D,18A,18B,20A,20D,22A,118B,168,800,834,836,838, 840,844八,846八,4218,422〇..結構性框架分段 φ 2〇A...側邊結構性框架分段,柱 20(:,120,122,124—柱 22八,22(:,802—柱元件 24…下連接板,下安裝部件,下安裝區塊 24A,24D…下安裝區塊 26,26八’26(:’260’320’3208’3200〜上安裝區塊 28…建築物單元之間的間隙或柱區 30,32,38,28〇“四階層建築物 40,42…模形單元 75 201022503 44…單元的中央堤堆 46,55,61,63,65,80"建築物 48…中央堤堆 50.4,50.5…上單元 50,52···側向單元 54…五階層建築物 56…二十階層建築物 57.1-57.6…呈併列狀堆積之建築物單元的六堤堆 58···中央混凝土核心 59.1,59.2···呈端點至端點式堆積的兩堤堆 60,62,64…轉移結構 67…側邊核心 - 69…公寓建築物 — 70,72,74,76,78,82,84,86,88,90,132…階層 71,73,87,89,100,102…梯井 72.1,72.2,72.1,72.2,93,132A,132B,132C,132D,132E,132F,132G,132H, ^ 400,844,846…建築物單元 75,77,91…揚升井 79…旅館建築物 81…下階層 83…上階層 98…揚升核心 104…導管核心 112···階層1至5,階層的第一群組 76 201022503 114.··階層6至10,階層的第二群組 116…階層11至15 118…階層16至20 130…具有20階層之建築物 132,134,136,138,140…四階層的五群組 142···中央核心 150,152…端點結構性框架分段 154,156,158,160···安裝板 162…端點正面元件 164,166…側邊正面元件 179…輪廓狀鋼片材 • 180…上軌 . 182…底軌 183···下凸緣 184…輪廓狀鋼片材面板,鋼平行術條,地板面板 • 185…較寬上凸緣 186…爽板地板件,夾板或其他地板材料,面板 188…屋頂執 190…防火評等石膏板 192…防火評等石膏板,絕緣面板 194…上扣板 196…下扣板 198,200…石膏板 202…天花板扣板 77 201022503 206…第一下連接板 206C,215D …板 207,207B,207D· · •長形連接桿 209B,227,228,229,268,272,280,338,365 …螺帽 210…長方形鋼板,頂壁 211···推拔狀突部 212…孔徑,底壁 212C…孔徑,上建築物單元總成2C的底壁 213,223…第二孔徑 213C,214C,222A,222B ,223A,223B …孔徑 214…第三孔徑,側壁 215···第二類型連接板 216…正方形板,側壁 217,217D…突部 218···内開放側邊 218A,238,238A,238B,238C,240…開放側壁 218,218B,310C,318 …上連接板 219…初始長方形鋼板 220…外開放側邊,長方形籤片部分 220A,220B…籤片部分 221…推拔狀凹部 221A,221B…凹部 222…頂板的孔徑 222D,224D…下安裝區塊24D的開口 201022503 224…螺检,孔 225,226,260,270,330,364〜螺栓 230…上安裝區塊26的頂壁 230A…下單元的頂壁 230B…安裝區塊26B的頂壁 232…底壁 233B···耦合構件 242,244…孔 參 244A,242B,246…開口 248···較大推拔狀開口 250…類型1連接 ' 252···類型2連接 . 254…類型3連接 262…長方形頭 264,275···推拔狀間隔件 ^ 265,276,316-中央孔徑 266,274,278,369…墊圈 271…長形桿 273,332…頭 282…地基 300,350···經修改的建築物單元總成 304…概呈波褶狀鋼構造的地板面板 306,308…橫向拉撐面板 310…下連接板 79 201022503 312···長方形基底 314.··定位突部 324…長方形開口 334…轴 336…軸的上端 340…正方形突部 352···強化樑 360,362…近接開口 367…凸緣 402…壁面板 404…屋頂面板 406…地板面板 408···角落角度段 410…壁片材料 411…平行樹條 412,420…角狀段 414…第二角狀段 416…片鋼壁面板 418".C平行術條 422···片鋼面板 802…支撐柱 804,844A,844B,846B …連接板 805…推拔狀的第二端 806…概呈長方形的第一端 201022503 810…中央凹部 812,814…螺栓孔 816…連接板804的面 818…連接板的表面 820…邊緣 822…梯形連接板804頂點 834A,836A…推拔狀侧邊 838A,840A…推拔狀面 850,852··. Z平行樹條 860…柱元件802的引導表面 X…建築物單元總成844及846偏離對準之距離 81Figure 58 is a plan view of an alternative upper mounting block; Figure 59 is a side view of the upper mounting block of Figure 58; Figure 60 is an end view of the upper mounting block of Figure 58; A plan view of an elongated bolt; Fig. 62 is a fragment end view of the bolt head; Fig. 63 is a side view of the upper end of the bolt; Fig. 64 is a side view showing a fragment of the bolt head; Fig. 65 is a view showing the upper end of the bolt shaft Sectional drawings; Figures 66 and 66A are schematic perspective views showing an alternative joining technique for a building unit assembly; Figure 67 is a diagram showing the connecting plates and zones of four building unit assemblies in one embodiment a side view of the segment of the interconnection of the blocks; and Fig. 68 is a schematic side view showing a portion of the internal details of the building unit assembly and the manner in which the structural frame segments are connected; Figure 69 shows the number of building units used a roof panel; Figure 70 is a cross-sectional view along line 37-37; Figure 71 is a cross-sectional view along line 38-38; 73 201022503 Figure 72 is an exploded view of a modified building unit of the present invention; Figure 73 shows the building unit assembly The intention of the structural frame segmentation is not intended. Figure 74 is a schematic side view of a building unit assembly suitable for cantilever action, and Figure 75 is a schematic end view of six building unit assemblies; A schematic perspective view of a floor panel for a building unit of Figures 72 and 73; Figure 77 is an unintentional cross-sectional end view showing more details of the modified building unit assembly, and Figure 78 is a view showing another modified A schematic cross-sectional end view of more details of the building unit assembly; - Figure 79 is a schematic cross-sectional end view showing further details of yet another modified building unit; Figure 80 is a view showing another A more detailed view of a modified building unit is not intended to be a cross-sectional end view, and FIG. 81 shows a perspective view of an alternative mounting plate that can be used in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 82 shows a mounting plate of FIG. Fig. 83 shows three building unit assemblies to be assembled together using a mounting plate of Fig. 82; Figs. 84A to 84C show adjacent building unit assemblies using a mounting plate of Fig. 82 Combined Embodiment; FIG. 8 5 shows the same section 74201022503 one structural frame segment as shown in FIG. 81, but adding detail. [Main component symbol description] 2,61.1,61.2,613,3〇〇A,3〇〇B,300C,3〇〇D,3〇〇E,3〇〇F,3〇〇G,828,830, 832,844,846... Building unit assembly 2.3, 2.4, 201, 202, 203, 204... Unit 2A, 2B... Building unit assembly 2C, 2D... Building unit assembly 4, 6, 6A, 234, 234B, 236, 236A... Side wall 4B... Building unit Side wall 8 of assembly 2B... floor ΙΟ, ΙΟΒ... roof • 12, 14 · · end points, end walls - 16, 18, 20, 22... column elements, structural frame segments 16A, 16B, 16D, 18A, 18B, 20A, 20D, 22A, 118B, 168, 800, 834, 836, 838, 840, 844, 8 846, 4218, 422 〇.. Structural frame segmentation φ 2〇A... Side structural frame segment, column 20 (:, 120 , 122, 124 - column 22 eight, 22 (:, 802 - column element 24... lower connection plate, lower mounting part, lower mounting block 24A, 24D... lower mounting block 26, 26 eight '26 (: '260' 320'3208'3200~ upper mounting block 28... gap between building units or column area 30, 32, 38, 28" "four-story building 40, 42... modular unit 75 201022503 44... unit central bank Heap 46,55,61,63,65,80" Building 48... Central bank 50.4, 50.5... Upper unit 50, 52··· Lateral unit 54... Five-story building 56... Twenty-story building 57.1-57.6... Six dykes of building units stacked side by side Pile 58···Central concrete core 59.1,59.2·········································· 74,76,78,82,84,86,88,90,132...Class 71,73,87,89,100,102...Ladder wells 72.1, 72.2, 72.1, 72.2, 93, 132A, 132B, 132C, 132D, 132E, 132F, 132G, 132H, ^ 400,844,846...building unit 75,77,91...lifting well 79...hotel building 81...lower class 83...upper class 98...ascension core 104...catheter core 112···class 1 to 5, class A group of 76 201022503 114.··Classes 6 to 10, a second group of classes 116...Classes 11 to 15 118...Classes 16 to 20 130... Buildings with 20 levels 132, 134, 136, 138, 140... Five groups of four classes 142· · Central core 150, 152... End point structural frame segment 154, 156, 158, 160 · Mounting plate 162... End face front element 164, 166... Side side face element 179... Contoured steel sheet • 180... upper rail. 182... bottom rail 183··· lower flange 184... contoured steel sheet panel, steel parallel strip, floor panel • 185... wider upper flange 186... cool floor panel, splint or Other floor materials, panel 188... Roof 190... Fire rating gypsum board 192... Fire rating gypsum board, insulation panel 194... Upper slab 196... Lower slab 198, 200... Gypsum board 202... Ceiling gusset 77 201022503 206... Next connecting plates 206C, 215D ... plates 207, 207B, 207D · · long connecting rods 209B, 227, 228, 229, 268, 272, 280, 338, 365 ... nut 210 ... rectangular steel plate, top wall 211 · · push-out protrusion 212 ... aperture, bottom wall 212C... Aperture, bottom wall 213, 223 of the upper building unit assembly 2C... second aperture 213C, 214C, 222A, 222B, 223A, 223B ... aperture 214 ... third aperture, side wall 215 · · second type connecting plate 216 ... square plate , sidewalls 217, 217D ... protrusions 218 ... internal open sides 218A, 238, 238A, 238B, 238C, 240 ... open side walls 218, 218B, 310C, 318 ... upper connecting plate 219 ... initial rectangular steel plate 220 ... outside the open side, Rectangular part 220A, 220B The punching portion 221 ... the push-shaped recess 221A, 221B ... the recess 222 ... the aperture 222D, 224D of the top plate ... the opening of the mounting block 24D 201022503 224 ... screw inspection, the hole 225, 226, 260, 270, 330, 364 ~ bolt 230 ... the top wall of the mounting block 26 The top wall 230B of the lower unit 230B...the top wall 232 of the mounting block 26B...the bottom wall 233B···the coupling member 242,244...the hole 244A,242B,246...the opening 248···the larger push-type opening 250...type 1 connection '252···type 2 connection. 254...type 3 connection 262...rectangular head 264,275···push-out spacer ^265,276,316-central aperture 266,274,278,369...gasket 271...long rod 273,332...head 282...foundation 300,350· · Modified building unit assembly 304...A floor panel 306, 308 with a corrugated steel structure... a lateral strutting panel 310... a lower connecting plate 79 201022503 312···a rectangular base 314.·· positioning protrusion 324... Rectangular opening 334...Axis 336...Upper end 340 of the shaft...Square protrusion 352···Reinforcement beam 360,362...Proximity opening 367...Flange 402...Wall panel 404...Roof panel 406...Floor panel 408···Corner angle 410...wall sheet material 411...parallel tree strips 412,420...angular section 414...second angled section 416...sheet steel wall panel 418".C parallel strip 422···sheet steel panel 802...support column 804,844A,844B 846B ... splicing plate 805 ... push-pull second end 806 ... substantially rectangular first end 201022503 810 ... central recess 812, 814 ... bolt hole 816 ... connecting plate 804 face 818 ... connecting plate surface 820 ... edge 822 ... Trapezoidal connecting plate 804 apex 834A, 836A... Pushing side 838A, 840A... Pushing face 850, 852 ·. Z parallel tree bar 860... Guide surface X of column element 802... Building unit assembly 844 and 846 off-pair Quasi-distance 81
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2008904874A AU2008904874A0 (en) | 2008-09-18 | Unitised Building System | |
AU2009901219A AU2009901219A0 (en) | 2009-03-20 | Unitised Building System |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW201022503A true TW201022503A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
Family
ID=42039018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW098131709A TW201022503A (en) | 2008-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | Unitised building system |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110173907A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2329083A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5643205B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20110079882A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102216539B (en) |
AP (1) | AP2011005661A0 (en) |
AR (1) | AR073616A1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2009295271A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0918934A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2737725A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2011000546A1 (en) |
EG (1) | EG26544A (en) |
IL (1) | IL211773A (en) |
MX (1) | MX2011003007A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2518580C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW201022503A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010031129A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201102039B (en) |
Families Citing this family (57)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8919058B2 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2014-12-30 | Barnet L. Liberman | Modular building system for constructing multi-story buildings |
CA2800247A1 (en) * | 2010-03-18 | 2011-09-22 | Ekco Patent & Ip Holdings Pty Ltd | Unitised building system |
MX2013003931A (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2014-10-17 | Qube Buildings Systems Inc | Modular building system. |
CA2724021A1 (en) * | 2010-12-06 | 2012-06-06 | Alvin Herman | Transportable buildings |
WO2013032048A1 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | Kang Shin Young | Apartment system formed as a matrix-building and living-box |
KR20130051596A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2013-05-21 | 엄호섭 | Container house having structural security |
CN102661059B (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-09-17 | 同济大学 | Unit-form residential building system of totally assembled type prefabricated concrete structure |
AU2013100359B4 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2013-11-28 | 1Space Pty Ltd | Modular Building |
CN103628704B (en) * | 2012-08-23 | 2017-06-09 | 广东新会中集特种运输设备有限公司 | Container grandstand and multi-layer combined type grandstand |
US8863467B1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-10-21 | Dov Steinberg | System and method for free standing prefabricated glued laminated modular timber frame members |
US9702138B1 (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2017-07-11 | Modula S, Inc. | Modular building construction |
CN103572836A (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2014-02-12 | 中集模块化建筑设计研发有限公司 | Medium high-rise modularization building structural system |
CN103993654B (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2016-08-17 | 北京工业大学 | Modular assembly formula structure of steel structure building system |
GB2545093A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2017-06-07 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Mobile oilfield tool service center |
US9181694B1 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-11-10 | Alfredo Munoz | Segmented building construction with multiple facades |
EP3037608A1 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-06-29 | Rv Lizenz AG | Installation system for modular industrial installations |
KR101673076B1 (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2016-11-04 | 한국기술교육대학교 산학협력단 | Modular Unit having Connecting Plate, Modular Structure Using The Same |
EP3280850A4 (en) * | 2015-04-07 | 2018-12-05 | Storage IP LLC | Self-storage facility, fabrication, and methodology |
CN105113632B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-09-12 | 安徽鸿路钢结构(集团)股份有限公司 | A kind of new easy-dismounting portable building |
NO341254B1 (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-09-25 | Orient Holding As | Heating and cooling system of a modular residential building |
SG10201509493WA (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-06-29 | Tuck Cheong Chan | Modular building and method for constructing a modular building |
RU2631125C1 (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-09-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "СПбГАСУ") | Structural module for building construction |
RU2616306C1 (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-04-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (ФГБОУ ВПО "СПбГАСУ") | Method for construction of multistore buildings of three-dimensional blocks |
CN106368437A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-02-01 | 南宁众创空间科技有限公司 | Assembly method for constructing building by utilizing simplified houses |
EP3535204A4 (en) | 2016-11-01 | 2020-07-01 | Storage IP LLC | Self-storage facility, fabrication, and methodology |
RS65418B1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2024-05-31 | Mrcb Innovations Sdn Bhd | Connection system and method for prefabricated volumetric construction modules |
JP6883304B2 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2021-06-09 | 株式会社ヒーローライフカンパニー | Assembled building |
CN106907030B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2021-01-26 | 深圳市壹陆捌文化科技有限公司 | Culture experience platform applied to culture industrial park |
CN107010517A (en) * | 2017-06-10 | 2017-08-04 | 山东富士制御电梯有限公司 | A kind of steel construction elevator uses ready-package corridor |
US10704251B1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2020-07-07 | Vessel Technologies, Inc. | Modular housing system and methods for using the same |
CN111133159B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2022-05-10 | 可耐福石膏两合公司 | Frame, basic frame, module, profile, structural element group for modular construction and modular building |
FR3072399B1 (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2022-05-06 | Sas Dhomino | MODULAR TIMBER FRAME BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM |
US10920414B2 (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2021-02-16 | Best Gen Modular, Inc. | Reinforcing structure for modular building construction |
WO2019213439A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Blokable, Inc. | Modular housing and related systems and manufacture |
EP4209639A1 (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2023-07-12 | Spanminx Limited | Vertical tie for a load-bearing column of a building structural module |
CN109267645A (en) * | 2018-11-10 | 2019-01-25 | 李国新 | Module-type steel structure trestle external verandahs |
TW202026504A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-07-16 | 美商奧托德里克控股公司 | Core for building |
WO2020164657A1 (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-20 | Mopran Gmbh | Industrial plant module system for building and dismantling industrial plant, method and use |
CN109592536A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-04-09 | 河北天振工程技术有限公司 | Corrugated steel elevator shaft |
US20200265174A1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Katerra Inc. | Unit device to design a building system and a method of forming a unit device |
WO2020240745A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | アイマックエンジニアリング株式会社 | Plant equipment construction method and plant configuration module |
RU2730484C1 (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-08-24 | Раис Хасанович Галеев | Mobile structure |
WO2021055829A1 (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2021-03-25 | Storage Ip Llc | Self-storage facility, fabrication, and methodology |
US11657192B2 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2023-05-23 | Consulting Engineers, Corp. | Method and system for identifying conflicts in a roof truss to wall vertical interface |
RU201431U1 (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-12-15 | Илия Юрьевич Пужаев | FAST ASSEMBLY-Dismountable STRUCTURE |
US20210334425A1 (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | SNL Fund, LLC | Method of designing, configuring and accessing a modular self-storage facility |
US11549275B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2023-01-10 | Best Gen Modular, Inc. | Volumetric modular unit for modular building construction |
US11649627B2 (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2023-05-16 | Best Gen Modular, Inc. | Laminated lumber constructed volumetric modular unit for modular building construction |
CN112211284B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-09-21 | 舜元建设(集团)有限公司 | Construction method for assembled steel structure building |
KR102425856B1 (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-07-28 | 배근우 | Assembly type indoor fishing place |
CN112982679A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 吴文惠 | Industrial integrated space structure box and multi-dimensional multifunctional container system thereof |
KR102441967B1 (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-09-07 | 홍광표 | Building structure |
KR102384390B1 (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2022-04-15 | 주식회사 코크스나인 | Modular booth |
JP7244592B2 (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-03-22 | ミサワホーム株式会社 | residential unit |
GB2612059A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-26 | Modulous Ltd | Modules for modular buildings |
CN114033221B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2023-09-12 | 中建海龙科技有限公司 | Steel structure house box and production process thereof |
US20230272612A1 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-31 | United States Gypsum Company | Load bearing wall construction system using hollow structural sections |
Family Cites Families (32)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1362069A (en) * | 1919-05-06 | 1920-12-14 | Joseph R Witzel | Building construction |
US3500595A (en) * | 1967-10-27 | 1970-03-17 | Flehr Hohbach | Modular building construction unit and column |
US3609929A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1971-10-05 | Robert J Kerr | Prefabricated building |
US3990193A (en) * | 1972-04-18 | 1976-11-09 | Ray Orlando F | Prefabricated building module and modular construction method for the module |
CH560296A5 (en) * | 1973-04-25 | 1975-03-27 | Credelca Ag | |
US3897662A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1975-08-05 | Miroslav Fencl | Coordinated modular building construction |
US3971175A (en) * | 1973-07-03 | 1976-07-27 | Houilleres Du Bassin Du Nord Et Du Pas-De-Calais | Factory-made habitation cell |
US3881571A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1975-05-06 | Michael Maldwyn Moulton | Building unit for scaffolding or a trestle |
DE2514623A1 (en) * | 1975-04-03 | 1976-10-14 | J E Lesser & Sons Deutschland | Transportable ground-adaptable home or building unit - has support feed extensible in steps for uneven surface |
US4118905A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1978-10-10 | Shelley Shelley W | Modular building construction system |
US4185423A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1980-01-29 | Systems Concept, Inc. | Lightweight building module |
US4599829A (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1986-07-15 | Tandemloc, Inc. | Modular container building system |
US4723381A (en) * | 1986-09-22 | 1988-02-09 | Straumsnes O Robert | Prefabricated multiple dwelling |
US4854094A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1989-08-08 | Clark Phillip C | Method for converting one or more steel shipping containers into a habitable building at a building site and the product thereof |
SU1615290A1 (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-12-23 | Центральный научно-исследовательский и проектно-экспериментальный институт промышленных зданий и сооружений | Prefabricated building |
GB2264726A (en) * | 1992-02-27 | 1993-09-08 | Chu Rey Chin | Demountable multi-storey car park |
GB2266907B (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1995-11-15 | Mech Tool Engineering Ltd | Portable accommodation unit |
DK9200156U4 (en) * | 1993-01-18 | 1994-04-18 | S System Modules Ltd | Box-shaped self-supporting building module |
US5528866A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1996-06-25 | Yulkowski; Patricia | Method and apparatus for constructing multi-rise stacked modules for human occupancy |
TW363646U (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 1999-07-01 | Global Concept Housing Pty Ltd | Transportable building apparatus incorporating cargo shipping container |
JPH1171918A (en) * | 1997-08-28 | 1999-03-16 | Haitatsuchi Futaba:Kk | Building and construction thereof |
JPH11217874A (en) * | 1998-02-02 | 1999-08-10 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Unit building |
NO310035B1 (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2001-05-07 | Heimdal Entreprenoer As | Building system for building travel |
WO2002036301A2 (en) * | 2000-11-03 | 2002-05-10 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Installation docking pedestal for_wafer fabrication equipment |
CN1229580C (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2005-11-30 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | High tensile bolt connection structure, method as fixing nut for the structure, torsia high tensile bolt, and connection method using the torsion high tension bolt |
US6651393B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2003-11-25 | Lorwood Properties, Inc. | Construction system for manufactured housing units |
JP3655584B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2005-06-02 | コマツハウス株式会社 | Column structure of building unit |
US7392624B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2008-07-01 | Dwight Eric Kinzer | Modular load-bearing structural column |
CN1836081A (en) * | 2003-07-14 | 2006-09-20 | 劳伦斯·J·阿布勒 | Containerized transportable building structure and method of assembly |
GB0324363D0 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2003-11-19 | Verbus Ltd | Building modules |
CN101131001B (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2012-05-30 | 劳拉·米科尔·菲舍尔 | Rotary building structure |
US7827738B2 (en) * | 2006-08-26 | 2010-11-09 | Alexander Abrams | System for modular building construction |
-
2009
- 2009-09-18 BR BRPI0918934A patent/BRPI0918934A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-18 AP AP2011005661A patent/AP2011005661A0/en unknown
- 2009-09-18 RU RU2011115137/03A patent/RU2518580C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-09-18 EP EP09813896.9A patent/EP2329083A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-18 JP JP2011527154A patent/JP5643205B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-18 KR KR1020117008757A patent/KR20110079882A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-18 MX MX2011003007A patent/MX2011003007A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-09-18 US US13/119,710 patent/US20110173907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-18 WO PCT/AU2009/001236 patent/WO2010031129A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-18 AU AU2009295271A patent/AU2009295271A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-18 TW TW098131709A patent/TW201022503A/en unknown
- 2009-09-18 CN CN200980146142.6A patent/CN102216539B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-18 AR ARP090103601A patent/AR073616A1/en unknown
- 2009-09-18 CA CA2737725A patent/CA2737725A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-03-15 CL CL2011000546A patent/CL2011000546A1/en unknown
- 2011-03-17 EG EG2011030424A patent/EG26544A/en active
- 2011-03-17 IL IL211773A patent/IL211773A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-03-17 ZA ZA2011/02039A patent/ZA201102039B/en unknown
-
2016
- 2016-07-18 AU AU2016206222A patent/AU2016206222B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0918934A2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
ZA201102039B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
CN102216539A (en) | 2011-10-12 |
EP2329083A1 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
US20110173907A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
RU2518580C2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
CA2737725A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
IL211773A (en) | 2015-07-30 |
CN102216539B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
WO2010031129A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
RU2011115137A (en) | 2012-10-27 |
AU2016206222B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
JP2012503116A (en) | 2012-02-02 |
AP2011005661A0 (en) | 2011-04-30 |
AU2009295271A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
CL2011000546A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 |
AU2016206222A1 (en) | 2016-08-04 |
IL211773A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
MX2011003007A (en) | 2011-06-27 |
EG26544A (en) | 2014-02-10 |
AR073616A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
EP2329083A4 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
JP5643205B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
KR20110079882A (en) | 2011-07-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TW201022503A (en) | Unitised building system | |
US6298617B1 (en) | High rise building system using steel wall panels | |
US8793948B2 (en) | Building and method of constructing a building | |
US6625937B1 (en) | Modular building and method of construction | |
US8875445B2 (en) | Light weight modular units for staggered stacked building system | |
US20130055671A1 (en) | Prefabricated modular building units | |
WO2012021055A2 (en) | Building assembly system | |
US20070289230A1 (en) | Bracing For Shear Wall Construction | |
US20220213684A1 (en) | Modular composite action panel and structural systems using same | |
CN116547432A (en) | Building component, building structure formed by building component and construction method of building structure | |
WO2024033641A1 (en) | Kit of parts and method | |
JP4976938B2 (en) | Seismic reinforcement structure | |
US20210032855A1 (en) | Construction System | |
JP6192286B2 (en) | Evacuation building | |
TWI817221B (en) | Pre-manufactured utility wall for a multi-story building having load bearing walls | |
JP5433035B2 (en) | Seismic reinforcement structure | |
JP2024055473A (en) | Reusable Unit Building | |
JP5433036B2 (en) | Seismic reinforcement structure | |
Fitzgerald | Library in historic Uptown, Oklahoma City | |
Allen et al. | Cold-Formed Steel Codes and Case Studies: Mid-Rise Construction Detailing for Gravity and Lateral Loads | |
AU2015201721A1 (en) | Module building frame and module building system | |
JP2010281135A (en) | Method for constructing brick panel wall |