RU2518580C2 - Structure with multiple levels and method of its erection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to a structure having multiple used levels and the method of its erection. The structure comprises multiple sets of construction sections. Each set of the construction section is structurally autonomous and has at least one side wall, a floor and a roof. The method includes the following operations: lifting of sets of construction sections into the specified position in the structure, so that each level of the structure comprises the specified number of sets; connection of adjacent sets with each other at each level; and connection of sets at one level with appropriate sets at least at one adjacent level, which is vertically higher or lower than this level. In accordance with one structural version the set of the construction section comprises a construction section, which comprises two side walls, the floor and the roof with segments of the frame structure attached to it.

EFFECT: development of a flexible assembly system.

27 cl, 85 dwg

Description

The scope of the invention

The present invention relates to a system of construction of buildings and structures. The invention will be described in connection with buildings of great height, however, aspects of the present invention may find application in other applications, so the present invention should not be considered limited use only in this exemplary area.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many proposals have already been made regarding the use of methodologies for the quick construction of low-cost structures from prefabricated elements. As examples of finished modular systems, the systems disclosed in the following patents and publications can be cited: US 6,625,937; US 5,706,614; US 4,120,133; US 6,826,879; US 4,045,937; US 5,402,608; US 4,807,401; US 4,545,159; and WO 2005/038155.

However, generally speaking, the proposed systems of prefabricated elements are only suitable for the construction of single-story or low-rise structures and are modular in their construction, so that they do not have flexibility, which limits their application.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a non-modular, flexible installation system, which allows you to build high (high) buildings. High buildings here mean structures that contain four or more levels above ground level. It should be borne in mind that similar technologies can be applied to structures of lower height, which is not beyond the scope of the present invention. Another objective of the present invention is the creation of improved technologies for the interconnection of kits used in the construction of the structure.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of erecting a building having a plurality of levels using a plurality of sets of building sections, each set of the building section being structurally autonomous and having at least one side wall, floor and roof, said method including the following operations: lifting sets of building sections to a predetermined position in the structure, so that each level of the structure contains a predetermined number of sets; connecting adjacent sets to each other at each level; and connecting the sets at the same level with the corresponding sets at least one adjacent level, which is vertically above or below this level.

The method may further include constructing at least one core; and connecting to the core of adjacent sets, the connection scheme being such that the vertical loads between adjacent levels are transmitted mainly through sets of building sections, and side loads are transmitted to the core.

The method may further include: attaching segments of the frame structure to at least one side wall of the building section to form a set of building section; and laying the sets of building sections so as to form the levels of the structure with the segments of the frame structure at the same level, vertically aligned with the segments of the frame structure of at least one adjacent level, due to which mainly all the vertical loads of the sets of building sections will be transmitted through the segments of the frame structure .

In accordance with some embodiments, the building sections may bear lateral loads. In accordance with some other embodiments, one or more cores may bear lateral loads.

The method may further include the operation of using the upper and lower connecting strips above and below each of the segments of the frame structure and the operation of using fastening means for connecting together the upper and lower plates of the segments of the frame structure, which are vertically adjacent to each other.

In accordance with some embodiments, the frame structure segments are attached to the side walls of the construction section such that when the construction section is sideways next to another frame structure segment at a given relative alignment, then the frame structure segment of the construction section kit will be located adjacent to the side frame structure segment an adjacent set of construction section; moreover, the method includes the operation of connecting together segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other.

In accordance with some embodiments, the operation of connecting the sets at the same level with the corresponding sets at a vertically adjacent level includes the operation of connecting the upper parts of the segments of the frame structure at lower levels with the lower parts of the segments of the frame structure at higher levels.

The method may include the operation of installing the upper and lower connecting strips on the respective upper and lower ends of the specified elements of the column; and the operation of joining together the upper connecting strips of the segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other.

The method may include the operation of connecting the upper connecting strips of the segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other, with one of the lower connecting plates of the segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other at the next higher level.

The method may include the operation of clamping the other lower connection plates between vertically adjacent upper connection plates using an elongated clamping rod.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a multi-level structure, said structure comprising: a plurality of sets of building sections, each of which is structurally autonomous and has at least one side wall, floor and roof; and segments of the frame structure attached to at least one indicated side wall, the groups of sets of building sections stacked so as to form levels in the structure, and the sets of building sections stacked with segments of the frame structure at the same level, vertically aligned with the segments frame structure at least at one adjacent level, due to which mainly all vertical loads will be transmitted through the segments of the frame structure, and the kits are builder s sections will carry side loads.

In accordance with some structural options, the structure further comprises a core, while the groups of sets of building sections are located relative to the core and connected to it so that the vertical loads between adjacent levels will be transmitted through the sets of building sections rather than through the core.

In accordance with some structural options, the structure further comprises one or more elongated means of connection extending from the top of the corresponding first segment of the frame structure attached to the building section at the same level to the top of the vertically aligned second segment of the frame structure attached to the set of the building section on at another level, so that the upper part of the first building element can be connected using the specified elongated medium wa connection to the upper part of the second segment of the carcass structure.

In accordance with some structural options, many levels contain at least one set of building sections located in the first orientation, and at least one second set of building sections located orthogonally to the specified first orientation, so that these sets of building sections in the first and second orthogonal orientations serve as braces bearing lateral loads.

In accordance with some structural options, the ends of the column elements have mounting means connected to them, whereby the mounting means and the frame structure segment can be connected to adjacent planks of the frame structure segments located vertically above or below the indicated one segment of the frame structure.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means comprises upper and lower connecting strips, wherein the location of the structural segments relative to the building section to which they are connected may be such that at least some segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are located in pairs behind the other, at least one of the lower connecting strips of the segment of the frame structure of the additional kit is building an integral section laid on one of said adjacent sets of building sections overlaps at least partially the upper connecting bars of said pair, whereby said at least one lower connecting strip can be connected to them to join together said adjacent sets of building sections and the specified additional kit construction section.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means comprises upper and lower connecting strips, wherein the location of the segments of the frame structure relative to the building section to which they are connected is such that at least some segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are arranged in pairs in one behind the other, and the layout of the connecting strips is such that for vertically aligned pairs of segments of the frame to At least three of their connecting strips can be joined together.

In accordance with some structural options, the structure may further comprise first connection means for connecting adjacent sets of building sections within the level to each other; and second connecting means for connecting sets of building sections at the same level with adjacent sets of building sections at levels that are adjacent to the specified level.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structure having a plurality of levels, at least some of said levels comprising a plurality of autonomous building sections, each of which comprises a frame structure segment connected thereto, which is adapted to support a vertical load of another level located above the specified level, moreover: the structure contains at least one higher level and at least one lower level, while the construction the ionic strength of the carcass segments of the building sections at a lower level is greater than the structural strength of the corresponding carcass segments at a higher level.

In accordance with some structural options, the specified structure contains a group of higher levels and a group of lower levels, the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame structure within the group of lower levels is mainly the same and the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame structure within the group of higher levels is the same.

In accordance with some structural options, the structural strength of the segments of the frame structure in the group of lower levels exceeds the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame structure in the group of higher levels.

Segments of the frame structure are located mainly outside the autonomous building sections.

In accordance with some structural options, segments of the frame structure contain elements of columns (columns) attached to autonomous building sections.

In accordance with some structural options, the building sections are located inside the level so that gaps are formed between adjacent autonomous building sections in which the segments of the frame structure are located.

In accordance with some structural options, the gaps between vertically aligned adjacent pairs of autonomous building sections have mainly the same width.

In accordance with some structural options, all the elements of the supporting frame have mainly the same width in the direction perpendicular to the gaps between adjacent autonomous building sections in which they are located.

In accordance with some structural options, the relative strength difference between the two elements of the supporting frame is provided by changing at least one of the following parameters:

the relative wall thickness of the elements of the supporting frame;

the relative depth of the elements of the supporting frame, measured along the gaps between adjacent autonomous building sections.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a frame structure segment for fitting to standalone building sections, which comprises: at least one column support member; and mounting means at each end thereof for attaching a segment of the frame structure to another similar autonomous building section or to a building element.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means comprises an engagement portion intended to be used to enter into engagement with the engagement portion of the corresponding configuration of a vertically aligned segment of the frame structure.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means is a connecting strip attached to the ends of the column element.

In accordance with some structural options, at least one element of the column is a steel column or concrete column.

In use, the arrangement of the column elements relative to the building section to which they are attached is such that at least some elements of the columns of adjacent building sections are arranged in pairs behind each other, and at least one of the lower connecting bars of the column element of the additional building section laid on top of one of these adjacent building sections lies on top of at least part of the upper connecting strips of the specified pair, due to wherein said at least one lower connection bar can be connected to them, whereby said adjacent building sections and said additional building sections are joined together.

In accordance with some structural options, the arrangement of the elements of the column relative to the building section with which they are connected is such that at the construction level at least some elements of the columns of adjacent building sections are arranged in pairs behind each other, and the layout of the connecting strips is such that for vertically aligned pairs of column elements at least three of their connecting straps can be connected together.

In accordance with some structural options, the segment of the frame structure has mounting means of such a shape that allows, when used, to couple the mounting means with a horizontally adjacent segment of the frame structure.

In accordance with some structural options, the segment of the frame structure contains many elements of the columns connected by means of mounting means to distribute the load between at least pairs of multiple columns.

In accordance with some structural options, the segment of the frame structure contains a guide surface to facilitate alignment with another building element.

In accordance with some structural options, the guide surface comprises at least a portion of the surface of the mounting means.

In accordance with some structural options, the guide surface comprises at least a portion of the column element.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means comprises an angular guide surface for guiding the mounting means in proper alignment with a correspondingly shaped mounting means

In accordance with some structural options, the guide surface contains a vertically protruding section, which when used provides vertical alignment of the segment of the frame structure with other building elements, which are adjusted by sliding the guide surface relative to the building element.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means includes at least one mounting plate, which contains a cone to create an angular guide surface.

In accordance with some structural options, the mounting means comprises mainly a trapezoidal plate, which when used forms a conical guide surface for a horizontally aligned corresponding segment of the frame structure.

In accordance with some structural options, at least one column element extends from the surface of the mounting plate in a substantially perpendicular direction and is positioned such that at least a portion of the surface of the column element is mainly aligned with the top of the trapezoidal top plate, which is part of the mounting surface of the mounting plate means and goes in the direction of removal from it, so that the surface area of the column element forms a continuation of the guide surface.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a building section for use in the construction of a structure having a plurality of levels, said method including the following operations: (a) constructing an autonomous kit that comprises a floor, a roof and at least one side a wall, whereby the inside of the kit and the outside of the kit are formed; and (b) attaching at least one frame segment to the outside of the kit to constructively support the construction section kit located when used above the construction section kit.

Operation (a) may additionally include the construction of an autonomous kit in the clamping device or retainer; moreover, operation (c) may include releasing the clamping force exerted by the clamping device or clamp.

Operation (c) may include the creation of conditions for the dissipation of thermally induced stresses in an autonomous set.

In accordance with some structural options, the operation (a) may contain one or more of the following construction operations:

forming a floor from a plurality of floor panels;

forming at least one wall from a plurality of wall panels;

the formation of the frame of the many parts of the frame;

roof formation from a plurality of roof panels;

attaching to the frame at least one component selected from the group consisting of a wall, floor and roof;

attaching at least one wall or wall component to the floor; and

attaching a roof or at least one roof panel to at least one wall.

In accordance with some structural options, the frame segments comprise a frame structure segment in accordance with an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention.

The method may include determining at least one reference point outside the autonomous set with reference to one or more segments of the frame structure.

The method may further include adjusting at least a portion of the inner side of the building section with at least one reference point.

The method may further include attaching at least one facade element to the construction section kit with respect to at least one reference point.

In accordance with some structural options, the method may include transferring the measurement from at least one reference point inside the autonomous set.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for tracing a structure having multiple levels, which includes the following operations:

development of a plan of these levels;

the definition of a structural grid of columns, which is common to many vertically adjacent levels; and

defining a plurality of sets at each level between the columns of the grid of columns, so that the grid of columns is in the space between horizontally adjacent sets.

In accordance with some design options, the method further provides for: adjusting the plan to establish a grid of columns and define spaces between horizontally adjacent sets.

The method may further include: determining a structural grid of columns common to all levels.

In accordance with some structural options, the method further includes: determining a plurality of column grids corresponding to a plurality of level groups.

The method may further include setting the transition structure between the groups of levels forming a plurality of groups at a predetermined position.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of erecting a structure, which includes the following operations: tracing the structure using a method in accordance with another aspect of the present invention; and manufacturing a plurality of autonomous building sections corresponding to the tracing sections, each of the autonomous building sections having at least one integrated structural support segment attached thereto, which is aligned with a predetermined grid of columns.

In accordance with some structural options, the method further comprises constructing in place at least one component of the structure.

In accordance with some structural options, the method further provides for stacking a plurality of autonomous sets of building sections in a predetermined connection scheme with an in-place component of the structure, connecting the autonomous sets of building sections together, and joining the autonomous sets of building sections.

In accordance with some structural options, the method further provides for the installation in a predetermined position of a plurality of autonomous sets of building sections relative to each other in accordance with the plan, previously the construction of the structure.

In accordance with some structural options, the method may further include carrying out any one of the following operations on the autonomous sets of building sections installed in this way:

checking tolerances at least between components of adjacent autonomous sets of building sections;

checking the correct vertical and / or horizontal alignment between the structural support segments of adjacent autonomous sets of building sections;

fitting at least part of the inside of the autonomous sets of building sections;

temporary connection of communications between at least two autonomous sets of building sections;

separation of temporarily connected communications from an autonomous set of a building section; and

fitting the facade or cladding component to an autonomous construction section kit.

Additional aspects of the present invention are directed to the creation (but without limitation) of structures, sets of building sections, building sections, structural support segments and their components, which are manufactured or assembled in accordance with the method described here or which are used in these methods.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of erecting a structure having a plurality of levels using a plurality of sets of building sections, each set of a building section being structurally autonomous and having side walls, a floor and a roof, said method including the following operations:

raising the kit of the construction section to a predetermined position in the structure, so that each level of the structure will contain a predetermined number of sets; connecting adjacent sets to each other at each level; and connecting the sets at the same level with the corresponding sets at adjacent, vertically above and below the levels.

In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a method of erecting a tall structure having a plurality of levels using a plurality of sets of building sections, each set of a building section being structurally autonomous and having side walls, a floor and a roof, said method including the following operations: construction core; lifting sets of building sections to a predetermined position in the structure, so that each level of the structure will contain a given number of sets; and connecting to the core of adjacent sets, the connection scheme being such that vertical loads between adjacent levels can be transmitted mainly through sets of building sections, and side loads are transmitted to the core through walls, floor, roof or other rigid elements or through braces.

In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a method of erecting a tall structure having a plurality of levels using a plurality of sets of building sections, each set of a building section being structurally autonomous and having side walls, a floor and a roof, said method including the following operations: segments of the frame structure to the side walls of sets of building sections; laying sets of building sections so as to form the levels of the structure with the segments of the frame structure at the same level, vertically aligned with the segments of the frame structure of at least one adjacent level, due to which mainly all vertical loads will be transmitted through the segments of the frame structure, and side loads will carry sets of building sections located orthogonally to each other and acting as a brace, or other rigid elements such as a core.

Advantageously, the method further comprises an operation of using the upper and lower connection plates above and below each of the segments of the frame structure, and an operation of using fastening means for joining together the upper and lower connection plates of the segments of the frame structure that are vertically adjacent to each other.

Advantageously, the method further comprises an operation of arranging segments of the carcass structure that are laterally adjacent to each other, so that their upper and lower bars are laterally adjacent to each other, and the operation of using fasteners to connect the upper and lower plates of the segments of the carcass together structures that are laterally adjacent to each other.

Advantageously, the method further comprises the operation of using complementary sections on the upper slats of the sets of building sections that are laterally adjacent to each other, and comprises the operation of using the first and second lower slats of the corresponding segments of the frame structure of sets of building sections that are laterally adjacent to each other another, and the operation of installing the first lower slats on top of these complementary sections, so that the fastening means can connect upper and lower trims vertically and laterally.

Advantageously, the method comprises the step of connecting the lower end of the elongated connecting rod to the first upper bar of the frame segment of the frame structure of the first set of building section, which is stacked vertically below the second set of building section, and the operation of connecting the upper end of the connecting rod to the second upper plate of the second set of building section, due the first and second upper trims will be clamped together.

In accordance with the present invention, there is also proposed a structure having a plurality of levels, said structure comprising: a plurality of sets of building sections, each of which is structurally autonomous and having at least one side wall, a floor and a roof, wherein the groups of sets of building sections are laid out so to form levels in the structure; first connecting means for connecting adjacent sets of building sections within a level to each other; and second connection means for connecting sets of building sections at the same level as sets of building sections at adjacent levels.

The construction is mainly characterized in that it does not have a different frame structure other than that which was created through the interconnection of sets of building sections.

In accordance with the present invention, there is also proposed a structure having a plurality of levels, said structure comprising: a plurality of sets of building sections, each of which is structurally autonomous and has at least one side wall, a floor and a roof, as well as a core, and groups of building sets sections are laid next to the core to form the levels of the structure; connection means for connecting to the core of adjacent sets, the connection scheme being such that the vertical loads between adjacent levels are transmitted mainly through sets of building sections, and not through the core.

In accordance with the present invention, there is also proposed a structure having a plurality of levels, said structure comprising a plurality of sets of building sections, each of which is structurally autonomous and has at least one side wall, a floor and a roof, the segments of the frame structure being attached to the side walls of the sets building sections, and groups of sets of building sections are laid so as to form the levels of the structure, while sets of building sections that are laid with seg frame structure elements at one level, vertically aligned with the frame structure segments at least at one adjacent level, due to which mainly all vertical loads are transmitted through the frame structure segments, and lateral loads carry sets of building sections that act as braces or other rigid elements such as concrete or steel cores.

The structure preferably comprises connecting means for connecting segments of the frame structure of sets of building sections at the same level with adjacent segments of the frame structure of sets of building sections at an adjacent level.

The ends of the segments of the frame structure mainly have connecting strips connected to them, due to which the strips and segments of the frame structure can be connected to adjacent strips of the segments of the frame structure located vertically above or below said single strip.

The planks of said one segment of the frame structure can advantageously be connected to the planks of segments of the frame structure adjacent to them in the lateral direction.

Vertically aligned adjacent segments of the frame structure have trims that are mainly provided with protrusions and recesses that complement each other, which allows precise alignment of the columns during installation.

The upper or lower strips of the first and second laterally adjacent segments of the frame structure mainly comprise complementary sections having corresponding bolt holes, whereby the lower or upper strip of the third segment of the frame structure, which is vertically adjacent to the first or second segment of the frame structure, overlaps said complementary sections and has bolt holes that are aligned with bolt holes in these complementary sections, which allows It is possible to use bolts to clamp together the slats of the indicated first, second and third segments of the frame structure.

The upper levels of the segments of the frame structure mainly have the indicated complementary sections.

In addition, the upper trims mainly have the indicated recesses, and the lower trims mainly have the indicated protrusions.

In accordance with some structural options, the segments of the frame structure have upper and lower connecting strips, and the location of the segments of the frame structure relative to the set of the building section to which they are connected is such that at least some segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are located in pairs one behind the other, with at least one of the lower connecting strips of the segment of the frame structure a complete set of the building section, laid on one of these adjacent sets of building sections, overlaps at least part of the upper connecting strips of the specified pair, due to which the specified at least one lower connecting strip can be connected to them to connect together these adjacent sets of building sections and the specified additional set of construction sections.

In accordance with some structural options, the segments of the frame structure have upper and lower connecting strips, and the location of the segments of the frame structure relative to the set of the building section to which they are connected is such that at least some segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are located in pairs one behind the other, while the connection pattern of the connection strips is such that for vertically aligned pairs of segments ntov carcass structure with at least three of their connecting bars can be connected together.

Advantageously, the two upper or lower connection strips have a complementary shape, so that the third of said at least three connection strips can lie on top of or on the bottom of said two strips.

The connecting strips preferably have holes that are arranged so that the holes in the at least three connecting strips can be aligned and fastening means can be passed through the holes for connecting the three connecting strips together.

Advantageously, the pairs of connecting strips lying above and below comprise the first and second formations which engage with each other.

The formations are predominantly protrusions and notches.

The protrusions are mainly formed on the reverse sides of the connecting strips lying on top, and the recesses are mainly formed on the upper sides of the connecting strips lying below.

In accordance with some structural options, the floor and roof of the building sections can bear lateral loads, and at least some segments of the frame structure contain at least one hollow column element; the structure further comprises elongated means of connection passing through at least some hollow elements of the columns, whereby the upper parts of the segments of the frame structure at the same level can be connected using these elongated means of connection with the upper parts of the segments of the frame structure at an adjacent level of the structure.

Illustrative embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a kit construction section of an embodiment of the invention.

On figa-2E shows the sets of building sections of embodiments of the invention, made using various building materials.

On figa schematically shows a top view of two sets of building sections, offset from each other.

FIG. 3B schematically shows a top view of two adjacent sets of building sections connected together.

4A-4D schematically show top views where various configurations of building sections can be seen.

On figa-5G schematically shows the sets of building sections, stacked in various ways for the construction of high (high-rise) structures of various configurations.

Figure 6 schematically shows a side view of a structure having 20 levels.

On figa, 7B and 7C schematically shows isometric projections of structures having cores.

Fig. 8 is a schematic isometric view of a structure having a distributed core.

Figure 9 schematically shows a side view of the structure, where you can see how the size of the elements of the columns changes in accordance with the height inside the structure.

Figure 10 schematically shows an isometric projection of a structure having 5 levels.

On figa-11E shows the kits at various levels.

On Fig shows a more detailed diagram of the relationship of sets at one level of the structure.

On figa shows a floor plan for a residential building.

13B, 13C, 13D, and 13E show typical apartments constructed using the claimed kits.

On figa and 14B shows the floor plans of the lower and upper floors in a hotel built in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 14C shows in more detail a construction section kit suitable for use in the building shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B.

On figa shows a floor plan of a building with residential premises and offices.

On figv shows a possible connection diagram of kits for the residential part of the building shown in figa.

On Fig schematically shows an end cross section, which shows in more detail a set of building section.

On Fig schematically shows a perspective view of one form of the lower mounting block.

On Fig shows a top view of the lower mounting block.

19 and 20 show orthogonal side views of the lower mounting block.

On Fig schematically shows a perspective view of the upper mounting block.

On Fig shows a top view of the upper mounting block.

23 and 24 show orthogonal side views of the upper mounting block.

On Fig shows an isometric projection showing the relationship of vertically adjacent sets of building sections.

On Fig shows a fragmentary isometric view where you can see vertically and horizontally adjacent sets of building sections.

On Fig shows a fragmentary side view showing the relationship of the mounting blocks of the four sets of building sections.

On Fig schematically shows an end view, which shows in more detail the vertical relationship of the mounting blocks of the two sets of building sections.

On Fig schematically shows a side view, which shows in more detail the horizontal relationship of the mounting blocks of the two sets of building sections.

On Fig schematically shows an end view, which shows in more detail the relationship of the mounting blocks of the two sets of building sections using elongated elements of the connection.

On Fig and 32 schematically shows the orientation of the connection elements during the lifting sets of building sections.

33 is a schematic side view of a structure having 4 levels.

On Fig shows a top view of the lower connecting strip.

On Fig shows an end view of the lower connecting strip.

On Fig shows a top view of another lower connecting strip.

On Fig shows a side view of the connecting strips shown in Fig and 36.

On Fig shows a top view of the upper connecting strip.

On Fig shows an end view of the upper connecting strip.

On Fig shows a section along the line 24-24.

Fig. 41 is a side view of the upper bar.

On Fig and 43 fragmentarily shown in more detail two forms of segments of the frame structure.

On Fig schematically shows a top view of two sets of building sections having segments of the frame structure shown in Fig and 43, and offset from each other.

On Fig schematically shows a top view of the sets of building sections shown in Fig.44, connected together.

On Fig-50 schematically shows the relationship of the segments of the frame structure shown in Fig and 43.

On Fig schematically shows a perspective image with a spatial separation of parts, which shows the relationship of the various components.

On Fig shows a side view of the lower connecting strip.

On Fig shows a top view of the lower mounting block.

On Fig shows an end view of the lower mounting block.

On Fig shows a top view of an alternative upper connecting strip.

On Fig shows a side view of the upper connecting strip shown in Fig.

On Fig shows an end view of the upper connecting strip shown in Fig.

On Fig shows a top view of an alternative upper mounting block.

On Fig shows a side view of the upper mounting block shown in Fig.

On Fig shows an end view of the upper mounting block shown in Fig.

On Fig shows a top view of an elongated bolt.

On Fig shows a fragmentary view from the end of the head of the bolt.

On Fig shows a side view of the upper end of the bolt.

On Fig shows a fragmentary side view of the head of the bolt.

65 shows a fragmentary upper end of a bolt shaft.

On Fig and 66A schematically shows perspective views of alternative technologies for connecting sets of building sections.

On Fig shows a fragmentary side view, which shows the relationship of the connecting strips and (mounting) blocks of four sets of building sections in accordance with one of the structural options.

On Fig schematically shows a side view of the same internal parts of the kit construction section, and shows how the segments of the frame structure are connected to them.

On Fig shows several roof panels for the construction section.

On Fig shows a section along the line 37-37.

On Fig shows a section along the line 38-38.

On Fig shows a perspective image with a spatial separation of the details of the modified building section in accordance with the present invention.

On Fig schematically shows the location of the segments of the frame structure on a set of building sections.

On Fig schematically shows a side view of the kit construction section, which is suitable for the formation of the console.

On Fig schematically shows an end view of six sets of building sections.

On Fig schematically shows a perspective view of the floor panel for the construction section shown in Fig and 73.

On Fig schematically shows an end view in section, which shows a more detailed modified set of the construction section.

On Fig schematically shows an end view in section, which shows in more detail another modified set of construction section.

On Fig schematically shows an end view in section, which shows in more detail another modified construction section.

On Fig schematically shows an end view in section, which shows in more detail another modified construction section.

On Fig shows a perspective view of an alternative mounting plate, which can be used in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

On Fig shows a top view of the mounting plate shown in Fig.

On Fig shows three sets of building sections, which can be installed together using the mounting plate shown in Fig.

On figa-84C shows how can be connected together adjacent sets of building sections using the mounting plate shown in Fig.

On Fig shows a segment of the segment of the frame structure shown in Fig, with added details.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

In a broad aspect, the present invention is based on the fact that the building sections themselves (which limit the interior space of the kit) can be designed and manufactured separately from the carrier frame of the kit, and then used in a preferred form, which allows both design flexibility and increased ease of manufacture.

With regard to ease of manufacture, the building sections can be made with relatively loose tolerances, for example, ± 20 mm, which is relatively easy to implement. Segments of the frame structure can be made with much tighter tolerances, for example, in the range of ± 1 mm, in order to obtain an accurate frame structure of the structure. The building sections and their associated segments of the frame structure can then be joined together so as to compensate for any errors in the manufacture of the building section and form a set of the building section for assembling the structure, which has a precisely installed segment of the frame structure attached to it.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an independent column system allowing the formation of an accurate dimensional grid (grid), which is the reference point for all other building elements.

In alternative systems, in which the supporting frame of the structure forms its frame structure, it is necessary to manufacture the entire kit taking into account the more stringent tolerances specified by the frame, which is difficult and expensive.

With regard to design and flexibility, the design and manufacture of segments of the frame structure, regardless of the kits, allows the designer to install segments of the frame structure in a wide range of positions relative to the construction section. This provides design flexibility, which is almost unattainable if the supporting frame of the construction section is built into the walls of the kit.

The unified installation system in accordance with the present invention can be used for the construction of any structures, including (but without limitation) residential buildings, hotels and office buildings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are suitable for erecting tall structures that have four levels or more relative to ground level.

Sets of building sections are made in accordance with the plan of the erected structure. When using the system in accordance with the present invention, the site designer can freely choose the site plan in the usual way, taking into account the needs of the client and market requirements. He then defines a grid of structural columns that is common to many vertically adjacent levels, and defines many sets at each level. The sets lie between the columns of the grid of columns, and, conversely, the grid of columns lies in the gaps between adjacent sets. The construction project can be adjusted by dividing it into building sections, the width and length of which can be changed, but which have a size suitable for transportation and lifting to a predetermined position using a crane on a construction site. A system of prefabricated components can be used, which allows you to create a complete structure with architectural decoration and communications, ready for assembly at the construction site.

As described in more detail below, structural options can have the following characteristics: length, width and height of the construction section can vary from one project to another project; all components of the structure, including stairs, corridors and communications, can be introduced into the construction sections; sets of building sections are made on production (factory) equipment; completed sets of building sections are transported to the assembly site; and sets of building sections are raised to a predetermined position using a construction crane. At the construction site, a minimal amount of work is done to complete the construction, for example, connecting facades and interiors with sets of building sections; special bolted joints can be used to join sets of building sections together; each building section is structurally autonomous and may have frame sections connected to it, so that after joining together sets of building sections containing frame sections will form a vertical and lateral support of the structure.

Each building section can be considered as a frame in the form of a rectangular case, which is structurally independent and autonomous and can carry its own weight and dynamic load.

Kits can be made of various materials, including: wooden lattice construction with plywood braces for wall, floor and roof panels; steel lattice structure with braces using steel sections and profiled sheet steel for walls and roof and channels of rolled steel and profiled sheet steel or lathing for the floor; using profiled sheet steel for the structure forming the wall in the ground and the roof section, the wall and roof sections being quite rigid, so that they do not require additional cruciform braces and therefore the sheet steel walls provide the bulk of the kit's strength similar to monocoque structures or systems that are used in the automotive and aerospace industries. Typically, building sections are relatively stronger in the longitudinal direction along the plane of their walls than in the transverse direction. They can be reinforced in the transverse direction using stiffening agents. These stiffening means can be made in the form of frame-type braces, walls, tension cables or other means. The strength of the building sections along their length can mainly be used to support lateral loads, as described in more detail below. The lateral loads acting in the transverse direction can be transmitted using floors, roofs and laterally extending walls that intersect the interior of the building sections.

Fire protection can be achieved through the use of fire-resistant cladding of dry plaster sheets for the inner walls and roofs of building sections.

The interior decoration can be completely finished, including painting, tiling, carpet laying and carpentry, or left at the stage of "finishing black" for completion at the construction site. Facade elements, corridors and staircases can also be built into construction sections before delivery to the construction site or completed on it. As already mentioned here above, these elements can be accurately installed by measuring the location from the reference point, associated more with segments of the frame structure, and not with the building section.

Building sections can have four or more segments of a frame structure, which contain structural elements of columns made of structural steel or concrete, attached to their outer side in order to bear the full load and form a building structure in combination with building sections. The elements of the columns are designed to bear the load arising in their position inside the structure. An additional structural support can be introduced, if necessary, to distribute the load or to increase rigidity. This can be considered as the formation of an external structure for building sections, which can be connected to the external structure of neighboring sets to form a load-bearing structure of the structure.

The external structure occupies an area outside of the internal space occupied by the construction section, so that there is no conflict between them during construction and assembly. The structural zone between the building sections typically lies in the range from 100 mm to 150 mm. This zone is the one in which all segments of the frame structure are located and where all connections are made that fix together all the components of the structure.

The advantage associated with ease of construction is that the building sections, the external structure, which contains the segments of the frame structure of the sets of building sections and the facade elements, can be temporarily combined and even locked together in the production equipment in the exact positions that they will occupy in multi-storey buildings after manufacturing building, due to the accuracy of the arrangement of segments of the frame structure. This method facilitates tolerance testing, which ensures ease of assembly at the construction site and quality control. It also allows for finishing at ground level, which is much more cost-effective and less dangerous than at higher levels, for example, in a tall building. This makes it easier to check and ensure the tolerances of the components of the structure and facade at the manufacturing stage rather than at the assembly stage.

The sizes of the segment of the frame structure or its column elements can be increased with an increase in the height of the structure and / or with increased requirements for load capacity. The dimensions of the elements of the columns are selected taking into account their position in the structure, so that the sets of building sections at the base of the structure can have larger connected elements of the columns compared to the elements of the columns in the upper part of the structure. However, building sections can remain unchanged if they are only designed to carry their own weight.

Building sections transfer lateral loads through wall, roof, and floor panels to strength members or stiffeners. These elements increase the strength can be made in the form of other sets installed in the opposite direction relative to the main sets. They can be made in the form of frame cores inside the selected sets or in the form of a conventional system of concrete or steel frame cores depending on the height of the structure. Vertical loads inside the building sections are transmitted through their side walls to the segments of the frame structure connected to them.

Building sections in their basic form can be considered as a frame-coupled structure (box frame), supported at four points with open ends. This design is lightweight and has high resistance to wind loads and high seismic stability. It is also weatherproof enough and allows you to transport components and build structures from them without the risk of damage to the water of the internal elements.

Structural elements do not affect the internal parts of the construction section, since all columns are located outside the sheathing of sets in the column area from 100 mm to 150 mm. This zone remains unchanged regardless of the height of the structure, up to 50 floors. This is achieved by retaining the width of the column while increasing its depth and strength.

For the same structures, and usually for structures of low and medium height, the lateral load can be supported (perceived) by turning some building sections perpendicular to the general direction of other building sections.

This can be specified in the construction plan. Alternatively, the ends of the kits can be reinforced by using heavier frames and / or additional stiffening walls or by introducing additional elements taking into account loading conditions for each specific structure or location. Lifts and stairs can also be integrated into the construction section kit or can be constructed separately.

For higher structures, above 12-15 levels, it may be advantageous to use a more traditional stiffening system using an in-situ concrete core. In cases where a concrete core is used as the main element for increasing rigidity, this core is partially or fully constructed before the installation of ready-made sets of building sections.

For very tall structures, the introduction of concrete or steel transition structures may be required, while the requirements for practicality and economy should meet the requirements for load capacity or the requirements for increasing stiffness dictated by the design of the structure and the conditions on the construction site.

This allows you to effectively divide the tall structure into two or more sets of sets that carry (the load of which bears) the construction of a concrete or steel core. When using a concrete core, it can also be used as a supporting element through the use of transitional structures that transfer vertical loads back to the core, which allows to reduce the size of the segments of the frame structure connected to the building sections, thereby effectively reducing the height requirements of these segments . For example, a structure with 20 levels can have three transitional structures, which reduces the effective height of the segments of the frame structure to the height that is required for having 5 levels of the structure.

Transitional structures can be connected to the construction of the sets of building sections themselves, so that the transitional structures can be assembled (combined) with sets of building sections.

Alternatively, transition structures may be used as separate steel or concrete structures, as the case may be.

As already mentioned here above, the sets of building sections can have dimensions that vary in accordance with the requirements and restrictions during transportation. Typically, however, each construction section kit may have a width of 2 m to 5 m, a length of 10 m to 28 m, and a height of 2.7 m to 3.3 m.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that in the construction sets of building sections of various sizes and configurations can be located so as to create the floor space required for the useful space of the structure. The side walls of the construction section may have openings (gaps) formed in them for doors, windows, etc. Corridors and balconies, etc. can also be added.

1 schematically shows a kit 2 of a building section constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Set 2 of the building section contains a building section, which has two side walls 4 and 6, floor 8 and roof 10, with segments of the frame structure in the form of elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 columns attached to it.

In the connection diagram shown, the ends 12 and 14 are open, but they may be closed, depending on the requirements. As described in more detail below, the side walls 4 and 6, the floor 8 and the roof 10 are of solid construction, so that the set 2 of the building section is self-contained (it can support its own weight, is self-supporting) during transportation and lifting. It is also able to withstand the loads that are applied to it during use, such as loads of indoor equipment and dynamic loads. As described in more detail below, sets 2 of building sections can be manufactured at a factory remote from the construction site using sets 2 (for example, at a factory with other manufacturing equipment). The manufacture of sets of building sections in the form of factory products reduces cost and reduces manufacturing time, and also reduces the tolerances for the manufacture of finished sets.

In the shown connection diagram, the construction section kit 2 has four elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 columns connected to the side walls, the elements 16 and 18 connected to the side wall 4, and the elements 20 and 22 connected to the side wall 6. As already been indicated above, the function of the segments of the frame structure is to create installation points (reference points) for sets of 2 building sections, and they also bear a vertical load when the sets of building sections are stacked on top of each other. Elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 comprise a corresponding lower mounting means 24 and a corresponding upper mounting means 26. The upper mounting means 26 may have a mounting point for the lifting cable in the stages of transportation and construction. In addition, the means 24 and 26 can be used to connect adjacent sets of 2 building sections to each other in the finished building, as described in more detail below.

The building section 2 itself can be made of various materials. On figa schematically shows a connection diagram in which the side walls 4 and 6 and the roof 10 are a wooden frame with plywood sheathing. Floor 8 can be made of profiled steel plate (steel sheet). FIG. 2B shows an alternative connection diagram in which the building section 2 has side walls and a roof in the form of a steel frame with a stiffness connection, and floor 8 is made of profiled steel plate. On figs shows another connection diagram in which the side walls, roof and floor are made of profiled steel sheet in the form of a frame with braces.

FIG. 2D shows yet another connection diagram in which the building section has side walls, a floor and a roof, all of which are made of profiled steel sheet. FIG. 2E shows yet another connection diagram in which a building section is formed of fiberglass reinforced concrete (GRC) or panels of another composite material, and floor 8 is made of profiled steel sheet, GRC, or composite material.

3A schematically shows a top view of two sets of building sections 2A and 2B adjacent to each other. As shown in FIG. 3A, the frame structure segments 16 and 18 on the side wall 4 are offset from the position of the frame structure segments 20 and 22 on the side wall 6. This connection pattern allows you to install the frame structure segments next to each other in the final installation position of sets 2A and 2B of the building sections, as shown in FIG.

It should be borne in mind that there is a gap 28 between adjacent side walls 4 and 6 of the assembled building sections, as shown in figv. The clearance or area 28 of the columns is determined by the width of the columns and creates space for the installation of a vertical structure support. In addition, a zone of 28 columns contributes to sound insulation and thermal insulation between adjacent sets.

The upper and lower mounting means 24 and 26 are shown schematically in FIGS. 1-3. As described in more detail below, the upper mounting means may be of a different type than the lower mounting means. Various design options will be described below in more detail.

It should be borne in mind that similar sets can be stacked in the form of various layouts in accordance with the requirements. The kits can also be arranged so that their ends are adjacent to each other, in which case the segments of the frame structure (not shown) in FIGS. 3A and 3B will be located on the end walls 12 or 14, so that the kits can be connected end to end (and not located next to each other), similar to that shown in figa and 3B. Since the mounting means 24 and 26 protrude respectively above and below the floor 8 and the roof 10, they also create gaps between vertically laid building sections, which have similar functions to improve fire safety, sound insulation and thermal insulation between building sections at different levels of the structure.

Mounting means 24 and 26 are used to connect adjacent sets of building sections to each other, and the combination of stand-alone building sections and associated fragments of the frame structure mainly forms a single frame structure of the structure. Depending on the plan of the building sections, the height of the structure and the conditions on the construction site, additional elements for increasing the strength or elements for increasing the rigidity may be added.

The building sections 2 shown in FIGS. 1-3 are rectangular in plan view. FIGS. 4B, C, and D are top views of three of a variety of different kit configurations. More specifically, FIG. 4B shows an irregular quadrangular kit in a plan view. On figs shows a set in the form of a wedge (or in the form of a trapezoid) in a top view. Fig. 4D shows a kit with three orthogonally linear sides and one curved side. Other configurations are possible. It should be borne in mind that the kits can be connected to each other similarly to those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Sets of 2 building sections can be stacked on top of each other in various ways during the construction of structures of various configurations. FIG. 5A schematically shows four sets 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 stacked on top of each other for the construction of a four-level structure 30. FIG. 5B shows a four-level structure 32 containing pairs of sets forming each level, wherein a pair of sets 2.3 at the third level is effectively rotated orthogonally relative to levels 1, 2 and 4, due to which a cantilever connection diagram is formed for sets 2.3 and 2.4 relative to the sets located below them.

Fig. 5C shows a four-tier structure 38, which has two sets of wedges 40 and 42, having different lengths and installed offset from the central set of rectangular sets 44, which makes it possible to create a structure of a more complex configuration. 5D shows a structure 46, which has a central set 48 of rectangular sets of building sections flanked by sets of side sets 50 and 52, some of the upper sets, for example 50.4 and 50.5, having rounded ends, which makes it possible to create a structure with rounded corners. FIG. 5E shows a five-level structure 54 constructed using sets of kits having an irregular quadrangular top view. 5F shows a structure 55 in which there are six sets 57.1-57.6 sets of building sections stacked next to each other, and two sets 59.1 and 59.2 that are stacked end to end. The combination of sets in orthogonal directions allows you to create stiffness bonds for the structure.

FIG. 5G shows another structure 61, which has three sets 61.1, 61.2, 61.3 of sets of building sections arranged in such a way that each set is orthogonal to the neighboring set, which makes it possible to create stiffness bonds due to the orientation of the sets of building sections.

6 schematically shows a twenty-level structure 56 that has a central concrete core 58. The core 58 typically comprises elevator shafts. The levels of the structure are formed from sets of building sections, which are made in advance outside the construction site and raised to a predetermined position. In such tall structures, core 58 helps stiffen the structure. In the connection diagram shown, the structure 56 comprises three transition structures 60, 62 and 64, which are supported by the core 58. The transition structures can be formed from reinforced concrete or steel structures connected to the core. The main function of the transition structures 60, 62 and 64 is to transfer the vertical load from five levels of the sets of building sections laid on them to the core, so that the entire vertical load of the structure is not transmitted downward through the frame structure segments of the various sets of building sections. This allows you to not increase the size of the segments of the frame structure to those sizes that would be necessary when the entire vertical load of the structure is applied to the lowest segments of the frame structure. However, the calculations performed surprisingly show that for structures with a height of up to 50 levels there is no need to use these transitional structures. These calculations also show that the gap 28 (or the zone of columns) between the Building sections can remain constant throughout the structure, and the depth, wall thickness and strength or grade of the material of the elements of the columns of the segment of the frame structure can vary to provide sufficient strength, depending on their location in the structure.

Table 1 below shows typical axial compression values (kN) applied to the segments of the frame structure as a function of the height of the structure. Table 1 shows the column sizes for various widths.

Table 1 in the left column indicates the floor on which the kit is located, starting from the top floor of the structure. Thus, if there is 1 in the column, then this is the top floor, which corresponds to the 50th floor of a building with 50 floors, if you count from the bottom. Axial compression of the columns is the load applied to each column of the construction section kit on this floor. The size of the columns corresponds to the cross-sectional dimensions of the columns with the width of each column 100 mm, 125 mm and 150 mm, which are necessary to withstand the specified load. For columns of rectangular section, the dimensions width, depth and wall thickness are given in millimeters. For square columns, only the length and wall thickness are indicated. Four sizes are indicated for the column element in the form of an I-beam. Thus, the dimensions 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 indicate the use of an I-section beam having a total length along its end flanges of 125 mm and a width along its central axis of 250 mm. End flanges have a thickness of 40 mm and a central jumper with a thickness of 25 mm.

The bearing capacity of the columns corresponds to the bearing capacity for the columns of the right (RHS) and left (SHS) sides with the dimensions indicated in the corresponding column of the table, and the columns are made of 450 MPa steel and equipped with mounting elements of 350 MPa steel.

Floor Axial
compression
(kN on
column) Column Size Column bearing capacity (SHS / RHS = 450 MPa, slats = 350 MPa) width 100 width 125 width 150 width 100 width 125 width 150 90 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 100 × 9SHS = 571 kN 125 × 6SHS = 750 kN 150 × 6SHS = 1060 kN 2 181 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 3 271 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 four 362 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 5 452 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 S 543 100 × 9 125 × 6 150 × 6 7 633 150 × 100 × 10 125 × 6 150 × 6 150 × 100 × 10RHS = 877 8 723 150 × 100 × 10 125 × 6 150 × 6 9 814 150 × 100 × 10 125 × 10 150 × 6 125 × 10SHS = 1120 kN 10 904 200 × 100 × 10 125 × 10 150 × 6 200 × 100 × 10 eleven 995 200 × 100 × 10 125 × 10 150 × 6 12 1085 200 × 100 × 10 125 × 10 150 × 10 150 × 10SHS = 1640 kN 13 1176 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 = 1750 125 × 200 × 25 × 12 = 2350 fourteen 266 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 fifteen 1356 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 16 1447 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 17 1537 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 eighteen 1628 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 10 19 1718 100 × 200 × 25 × 12 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 150 × 250 × 10RHS = 2360 twenty 1809 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 = 2660 21 1899 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 22 1990 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 23 2080 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 24 2170 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 25 2261 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 25 150 × 250 × 10 26 2351 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 10 125 × 200 × 40 × 16 = 3250 27 2442 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 = 3090 150 × 250 × l6RHS = 3440 28 2532 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 29th 2623 100 × 300 × 25 × 25 I25 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 thirty 2713 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 31 2803 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 I25 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 32 2894 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 I25 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 33 2984 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 I25 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 34 3075 100 × 350 × 25 × 25 I25 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 35 3165 100 × 400 × 25 × 25 125 × 200 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 100 × 400 × 25 × 25 = 3510 36 3256 100 × 400 × 25 × 25 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 = 4080 37 3346 100 × 400 × 25 × 25 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 38 3436 100 × 400 × 25 × 25 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 16 39 3527 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 = 5040 kN 40 3617 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 41 3708 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 = 4370 42 3798 125 × 250 × 40 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 43 3889 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 44 3979 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 45 4069 125 × 250 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 46 4160 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 = 4870 kN 47 4250 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 48 4341 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 49 4431 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25 fifty 4522 125 × 300 × 40 × 25 150 × 250 × 40 × 25

As shown in Table 1, the bearing capacity of the elements of the columns is greater in the sets of building sections at the lower levels of the structure, since they must absorb or transmit more significant vertical loads. On the contrary, this means that at higher levels less durable elements of the columns can be used, which reduces the weight and cost of the structure. For convenience, the groups of levels inside the structure can be equipped with columns having the same strength, instead of using different columns at each level. A relative increase in strength is achieved by increasing the size of the columns or wall thickness at lower levels, for example, as shown in Table 1.

The elements of the columns can be made as reinforced concrete columns, which are firmly attached to the side walls of the building sections. Alternatively, these may be steel elements of columns that are bolted or welded to the side walls. Other materials may also be used.

Table 1 assumes that a single column element is used in each segment of the frame structure, however, it should be borne in mind that several elements can be used. In this case, a separate element can be used to balance the load between multiple elements of the columns. This load balancing function can be carried out by means of mounting means attached to them or by means of a separate structure, for example by means of a brace between a plurality of column elements. In some cases, the frame structure segment may include a wide column, such as a blade column, or even a wall to support the necessary vertical loads. In any case, the mechanism of operation will be similar to the mechanism of operation of the narrow elements of the columns described in the preferred embodiments.

Given this flexibility, the concept of vertical alignment should be understood in a broad sense, so that vertical alignment should be sufficiently accurate only to the extent necessary to transfer the vertical load to the combined structural support segment. For example, in the case of narrow segments of the frame structure with a small mounting means, vertical alignment with relatively tight tolerances is required so that the vertical loads from the upper segment of the frame structure are adequately supported by the lower segment of the frame structure. However, when a wall-shaped frame structure segment rests on a column-shaped frame structure segment (or on a frame structure segments in the form of several columns), the degree of vertical alignment (in the direction along the column gap) should not be so accurate, provided that vertical load.

On figa schematically shows an isometric projection of a group of five levels 70, 72, 74, 76 and 78, which can form part of the structure 56, as shown in Fig.6. The orientations of the building sections 2, which form the levels 70, 72 ..., 78, can be changed in accordance with the requirements.

7B shows a structure 63 having a central core 58, but with a different connection scheme for the sets of building sections. Building sections surround the core 58. FIG. 7C shows another structure 65 also constructed using sets of building sections, however, in this case, the rigidity is increased due to the side core 67.

On Fig shows a structure 80, which has a distributed connection diagram, and not the Central core 58, as in the connection diagram shown in Fig.6 and 7. In this connection diagram, the structure 80 has five levels 82, 84, 86, 88 and 90, the components that form the distributed wiring diagram can be integrated into the building sections from which various levels are formed. In the connection diagram shown, there is an elevator core 98, two shafts 100 and 102 of the stairs and a core 104 in the form of a duct. These components are separated from each other, and due to the use of heavier structural components, such connection schemes increase the overall stability of the structure, since various vertical ducts are distributed over a wider area, as shown in plan view, than when using a single central connection scheme.

Fig. 9 schematically shows a side view of a multi-story building in which levels 1 through 5 formed using sets of building sections are indicated by 112. Levels 6 through 10 are indicated by 114. Levels 11 through 15 are indicated by 116. Levels from 16 to 20 are indicated by 118. Segments of the frame structure, combined with the building sections to form different groups of levels, increase the bearing capacity in the downward direction in accordance with the height of the building. It is desirable that the column zone between adjacent sets remains constant over the entire height of the structure, so that the maximum column width is constant. Thus, in order to take into account the increase in load in the direction of the base of the structure, the columns 120, 122 and 124 have a greater depth (longitudinally) at their base than at the top. In this connection scheme, the first group of 112 levels has columns of a first, larger size, and the second group of 114 levels has columns of a second, smaller size. This continues to the top of the structure. This increase in the size of the columns to the bottom of the structure (mainly in level groups) is shown in Table 1. This allows you to maintain a constant width of all sets regardless of the height of the structure.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the structure 130, which has 20 levels, shown for simplicity in the form of five groups of four levels 132, 134, 136, 138 and 140, and also has a central core 142. As shown in figa , level 132 is formed using the first set of three building sections 132A, 132B and 132C and the second set of three building sections 132D, 132E and 132F. Level 132 contains two additional building sections 132G and 132H, which are oriented at an angle of 90 ° to other building sections, as shown in figa. On figv, 11C, 11D and 11E shows a similar circuit connection building sections. There is no specified procedure for installing various sets of building sections in a structure, as this depends on the parameters of the construction site and the construction project.

12 schematically shows in more detail the level 132 of the structure 130. It can be seen that the frame segments of the building section sets 132A, 132 B, 132C and the building section sets 132D, 132E and 132F are connected to each other in the same way as shown in FIG. 3. The inner ends of the building section kits 132A, 132C, 132D and 132F comprise frame end segments 150 and 152 that cooperate with complementary frame segments of the building section kits 132G and 132H that are adjacent to them. In the case of sets 132B and 132E of building sections, the end segments 150 and 152 of the frame structure are directly bolted to the mounting plates 154, 156, 158 and 160, which can be embedded in the core 142 or otherwise connected to it.

12 also schematically illustrates the use of facade elements to create the facade of a building 130. In particular, end facade elements 162 are connected to each of the building section sets 132A-132F. The lateral facade elements 164 are connected to the outside of the sets 132A, 132C, 132D and 132F of the building sections. It is shown that the side elements 164 of the facade are connected to segments 16, 18, 20 and 22 of the frame structure of these sets of building sections. End elements of the facade (not shown) are connected to the ends of sets 132G and 132H of building sections. It is shown that the side elements 166 of the facade are connected to the sides of the sets 132G and 132H of building sections through segments 168 of the frame structure. End elements 162 of the facade can carry the load and can be built into sets of building sections. Steel and / or reinforced concrete can be used in both supporting structures depending on the structural characteristics of the structure. Facade elements can be solid or hollow and can be attached at the construction site or filled with concrete to create concrete elements. This allows you to get large rigid and well-working on the cut walls, formed from facade elements. Balconies, balustrades and screens, if necessary, can be added to the facade. Facade elements may have non-structural cladding, for example, various panels of metal, wood, terracotta, glass, etc.

On figa schematically shows a floor plan of a residential building 69, which has ten apartments on each floor. The building has a distributed core, somewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 8, and contains two shafts 71 and 73 of the stairs and two shafts 75 and 77 of the elevators. As shown in FIGS. 13B and C, each individual apartment is formed of two adjacent building sections 72.1 & 72.2, 72.1 & 72.2, allowing to form the necessary rooms of each apartment. In this scheme, the connections of the shafts 71 and 73 of the stairs are integrated into the building sections.

On fig.13D and E shows alternative plans that use respectively three and two building sections.

On figa-b shows two levels of the building 79 of the hotel, which has 14 rooms on the lower level 81 (figa) and 20 rooms on the upper level 83 (figv). In this general connection diagram, the elevator shaft 91 forms a side core similar to the side core 67 of FIG. 7C, while the ladder shafts 87 and 89 are internal, similar to those used in the connection scheme of FIG. 8. In this connection scheme, essentially a single building section 93 is used, as shown in FIG. 14C, for each room in the hotel building. In this building, the elevator shafts and stair shafts are designed separately, and are not part of the building sections. This helps to increase the rigidity and strength of the structure.

On figa and b shows the structure 85 of mixed use, which has offices on the lower levels of the structure and apartments on the upper levels. On figa shows a typical floor plan, where you can see that the apartments are formed using various building sections. Similar or different configuration building sections can be used at lower levels to create office space. As already mentioned above, building sections 2 can be partially or mainly fully equipped in accordance with the requirements for the finished construction. The technologies for joining various building sections to obtain specific floor plans do not need additional explanation, since similar technologies are already used in low-rise structures, described in some documents cited by reference.

Other parts of the structure and / or equipment of the structure can be created using known technologies or technologies similar to known technologies. For example, the foundations of any structure constructed in accordance with the present invention correspond to foundations formed in a known manner taking into account the terrain and the height of the structure. However, the size and bearing capacity of the foundations can be reduced and therefore their cost can be reduced in comparison with the foundations of ordinary reinforced concrete buildings by reducing the weight of the buildings constructed in accordance with the present invention.

When garages are required, they can be constructed of concrete in the usual way, which is best suited for this type of structure. The transition (transfer) level can be formed at the upper level of the garage, which is necessary to transfer the load from the kits to the garage structure. Due to this, the most economical and efficient arrangement of structural elements can be obtained.

The roofs of sets can be made as separate sections and raised to a predetermined position on the topmost sets and connected similarly to the connections between sets. The roof is equipped with short columns, which are interfaced with the lower segments of the frame structure, and is also equipped with steel side beams and steel beam spacers. A parapet is formed around the perimeter of each set, so that the entire roof is made of sections whose dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the set, the drainage of which is carried out independently. After installation, metal nozzles are worn on all parapets for waterproofing between sets. The roof can be formed from steel sheets with conventional gutters and drains, or from sheets of plywood and a bituminous waterproof roll roof. Additional tiling or wood flooring can be created to create flat roof terraces. If necessary, platforms for the technological installation and pedestrian walkways can be introduced.

Drainage can be provided using gutters running from gutters in a steel-roofed roof, or using gutters connected to roof drains. Gutters are usually fixed to the outside of the structure.

The drainage of balconies can be provided similarly to the drainage of a roof with a rolled roof using drainpipes connected to the drains of the balconies. Typically, the drains of the balconies are combined with the drains of the roof, so that a single connection of downpipes connected to the drain of the roof and the drains of the balconies in each drain can be used.

Communications and fittings can be included in each kit and can go from clamps and fittings to a central point suitable for connection after installation.

Installation of main risers (for water, gas, sewage, etc.) and cables (electric, telephone, computer, etc.) can be carried out at the construction site in the usual way.

Equipment for the technological installation is installed in much the same way as it is done in ordinary buildings. The type of technological installation is determined by the size of the building, the type of existing or required communications and availability.

On Fig shows in more detail the design of one variant of the kit 2 of the construction section and the new connection nodes for interconnecting the various sets. In a broad sense, the construction of such a kit of the construction section is carried out by the method of constructing an autonomous kit with the subsequent attachment of one or more supporting columns to its outer side.

In the shown connection diagram, the side wall 6 is formed from a profiled steel sheet 179, which is similar to that used in transport containers. Typically, the sheet has a thickness of 1.6 mm, and one (single) sheet is used for the entire wall, which can have a height of 2700 mm and a length of 10 m to 20 m. The side wall 6 contains an upper guide 180, which is welded to the upper edge of the profiled steel sheet 179 Typically, the guide 180 has dimensions 60 × 60 mm and has a wall thickness of about 3 mm. The side wall 6 also includes a lower guide 182, which is usually c-shaped, with a lower flange 183 and a wider upper flange 185, which is welded to the lower edge of the sheet 179. The depth of the central bridge of the lower guide 182 is typically 160 mm and the material thickness is about 4.5 mm.

The floor 8 may be formed of a plurality of steel battens 184 extending laterally between the side walls 6 and located at 400 mm centers. It is shown that the ends of the battens are welded (or bolted) to the central bridge of the lower guide 182 of the side wall 6. The floor further comprises plywood flooring 186 connected by screws to the battens 184.

The roof 10 is made of profiled steel sheet 186, which can be similar to that used in the side wall 6. The roof further comprises a guide 188, which in the shown connection diagram forms an L-shaped channel with dimensions 55 × 55 mm, having a wall thickness of 6 mm. The roof guide 188 can be welded (or bolted) to the upper guide 180 of the side wall 6.

The other side wall 4 of the construction section 2 has a similar design and therefore does not need further description. The components of the side walls 4 and 6 and the floor and roof 8 and 10 form the construction of the building section in the form of a box (rectangular case), which can carry its own weight and the dynamic load applied when using. In the shown connection diagram, the inner side walls are lined with two layers of fire-resistant gypsum board 190 and 192, which are connected to the inside of the sheet 179 using the upper and lower battens 194 and 196. Similarly, the roof is lined with two layers of gypsum board 198 and 200, which are connected to the inner side of panels 186 using ceiling rails 202. Two layers of gypsum board together with air gaps between sheets of gypsum board and profiled sheet 179 and panels 186 increase fire safety and sound insulation builds lnyh sections and between the construction sections.

In Fig.16 also shows the element 22 of the column and the lower and upper mounting (installation) blocks 24 and 26. In the shown connection diagram, the element 22 of the column is made of a steel beam of square section, for example, having dimensions 100 × 100 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm Its upper end 20 is welded directly to the upper guide 180 of the side wall 6. The upper part of the column element 22 is welded to the upper mounting block 26, and the lower part of the column element 22 is welded to the lower mounting block 24. In the connection diagram shown, the lower mounting block 24 is slightly wider, than the upper mounting block 26, and its inner side extends into the channel, which forms the lower guide 182 of the side wall 6, and is welded to it. This completes the connection of the column element 22 and the mounting blocks 24 and 26 to the side wall 6. The other elements 16,18 and 20 columns of the construction section kit are connected in a similar way and therefore do not need additional description.

It is advantageous to carry out the stress relieving operation before attaching the segments 22 of the frame structure. For example, when the kit is designed in a clamping device or retainer, then the stress relieving operation typically involves relieving the clamping force exerted by the clamping device or retainer. In the case of a kit having a welded metal structure, this may include creating conditions for dissipating thermal stresses in the metal, for example, by cooling. In this case, the kit in the form of a box or a monocoque relaxes in its natural configuration with possible deformations or deviations from its predetermined configuration. Column elements 22 may then be attached as previously described. Due to this, the exact placement of the elements of the column can be achieved (in accordance with the original design), since this does not depend on the exact configuration of the monocoque. Typically, mounting means for attaching the elements of the 22 columns to the kit has sufficient tolerance to sample the deviation of the dimensions of the kit.

As already mentioned here above, decoupling the construction of building sections and segments of the frame structure of the building section kit simplifies manufacturing, as this allows you to produce with tight tolerances only those sections of the building section kit that need to be precisely installed. Other components, such as the shell of a building section, can be made with wider tolerances.

Given the accuracy of the installation of segments of the frame structure, they (or a point on them) can serve as a reference point for rigging the interior space of the kit and attaching any facade elements. This is used as a reference point from the segment 22 of the frame structure instead of using the walls of the building section for direction when snap-in or when attaching facade elements, since these walls can be indirect or non-vertical. To do this, take a measurement from a reference point (for example, from a point on the inner wall of the column) and transfer the measurement data into an autonomous set. Then measurements can be taken to snap the internal space from this transferred reference point. It is easy to understand that several such reference points may be required.

The first mounting means in the form of a lower mounting block 24 is shown in more detail in FIGS. The mounting block is usually in the form of a hollow cubic body having open ends, as is best shown in FIG. More specifically, the block has an upper wall 210, a lower wall 212 and side walls 214 and 216. The block has an inner and outer open side 218 and 220. The upper and lower walls 210 and 212 have aligned openings 222 and 224 that are offset in the direction of the outer open hand, as best shown in Fig. 18. Block 24 typically has a width of 165 mm, a height of 160 mm and a length of 160 mm. It is mainly made of structural steel, with the side walls having a thickness of 16 mm, while the upper and lower walls 210 and 212 have a thickness of 20 mm.

21-24, the construction of the upper mounting block 26 is schematically shown. The block 26 also typically has the shape of a hollow cubic body. It has an upper wall 230, a lower wall 232 and side walls 234 and 236. Block 26 also has open side walls 238 and 240. The side walls 234 and 236 have aligned openings 242 and 244, which are usually located in the center of the side walls. The bottom wall 232 has an opening 246 in its center. The top wall 230 has a larger conical opening 248. Hole 248 is rectangular, but with rounded corners. The taper is about 10 °, and it can be seen that the wider part of the hole 248 is located at the upper surface of the upper wall 230. In the connection diagram shown, the upper mounting block 26 has a height of about 195 mm, a width of about 120 mm and a depth of about 160 mm. The block is made of structural steel, the side walls 234 and 236 having a thickness of about 16 mm, the lower wall 232 having a thickness of 20 mm and the upper wall 230 having a thickness of 40 mm.

25, 26, and 27 fragmentarily show how a pair of lower adjacent sets of building sections 2A and 2B are connected to a pair of upper adjacent sets of 2C and 2D building sections. As shown in FIG. 25, the lower mounting block 24A of the upper kit 2C is directly mounted on the upper mounting block 26A of the lower kit 2A of the building section. More specifically, the lower wall 212C of the upper kit 2C of the building section rests directly on the upper wall 230A of the lower kit. You can also see that the elements 22A and 22C of columns are aligned with each other. A similar connection scheme is available in other places in which the mounting blocks of the two sets of building sections 2A and 2C mesh with each other. Due to this, the entire vertical load of the upper kit 2C of the building section is transferred to the lower kit 2A of the building section through the mounting blocks, and then transferred to the elements of the columns.

On Fig shows a view similar to that shown in Fig, except that it shows the location of some components of sets 2B and 2C of building sections, which are located behind the respective sets 2A and 2C of building sections. More specifically, FIG. 26 shows the arrangement of the frame segments 16B and 16D together with the arrangement of the mounting blocks 26B and 24D.

In the connection diagram shown, there are three types of compounds, which are conveniently named as compound 250 of type 1, compound 252 of type 2 and compound 254 of type 3. (Generally speaking, compounds 250 of type 1, as shown in FIG. 28, are used to connect together the upper mounting blocks of the lowest sets of building sections and the lower mounting blocks of the upper sets.) In the connection diagram shown, a type 1 connection 250 is used to connect the upper mounting block 26A to the lower mounting block 24C. Similarly, a Type 1 connection 250 is used to connect the upper mounting block 26C to the next vertically adjacent mounting block.

Type 25 connections 252, as shown in FIG. 29, are used to connect the adjacent upper mounting blocks 26 together. In the shown connection diagram, type 2 connection 252 is used to connect the upper mounting blocks 26A and 26B together. Similarly, type 2 connection 252 is used to couple the upper mounting blocks 26C and 26D together.

Type 25 connections 254, as shown in FIG. 30, are used to vertically connect adjacent sets when type 1 connections 250 cannot be used because the inside of the lower mounting block 24 is not available, as described in more detail below. Type 25 connection 254 comprises an elongated connecting rod that extends from the upper mounting block 26 of one set of the building section to the upper mounting block 26 of the next vertically adjacent set.

On Fig shows in more detail the connection 250 type 1. The connection 250 type 1 contains a bolt 260 having a rectangular head 262 with wedge-shaped sides. The connection also contains a wedge-shaped spacer 264, which is generally cubic in shape but has wedge-shaped sides whose shape is complementary to that of the hole 248 in the upper wall 230 of the upper mounting blocks 26. The wedge-shaped spacer 264 has a central bore 265 through which pass the bolt shaft 260. The connection also includes a washer 266 and a nut 268. FIG. 25 shows that the lower and upper mounting blocks 24 and 26 have open side walls 218A and 238C, so that builders have access to the inside of the mounting blocks Cove. Prior to installing the upper construction section kit 2C on the lower construction section kit 2A, a wedge-shaped spacer 264 is first introduced into the opening 248. Then, the construction section kit 2C can be lowered into position and the bolt shaft 260 can be passed through the bore 265 of the spacer 264 and then through the hole 246 in the lower wall 232 of the lower mounting block 24. The builder can then install the washer 266 and screw the nut 268 onto the shaft of the bolt 260 and tighten the nut, while access is provided through the open side wall 218 of the lower mounting block 24. The complementary taper of spacer 264 and hole 248 ensures proper alignment of the shank, thereby ensuring proper alignment between the upper and lower sets of building sections. On Fig schematically shows the position of the head 262 of the bolt connection 250 type 1 before lowering to a predetermined position of the upper set of the construction section. It can be seen that the conical sides of the head 262 are aligned with the sides of the wedge-shaped spacer 264. After lowering to the predetermined position of the uppermost set, the head 262 can be rotated 90 ° so that it occupies the position shown in FIG. 28, in which can abut against the back of the upper wall 230 of the upper mounting block 26.

On Fig schematically shows the connection 252 type 2 between adjacent upper mounting blocks 26A and 26B. The connection includes a bolt 270, a nut 272 and a washer 274.

It can be seen that the side walls 236A and 234B are adjacent to each other and their respective openings 244A and 242B are also aligned. The shaft of the bolt 270 can be passed through the aligned holes, so that the worker can then put on the washer 274 and tighten the nut 272. Access to the inside of the mounting blocks 26A and 26B is provided through their open side walls 238A and 238B.

On Fig schematically shows the connection 254 type 3, which is used for vertical connection together sets of 2B and 2D building sections. Type 3 connection 254 includes an elongated shaft 271 and a head 273. The head 273 is cubic and has conical sides similar to the configuration of the head 262. The connection contains a tapered spacer 275 whose shape is complementary to the shape of the hole 248B of the upper mounting block 26B. The wedge-shaped spacer 275 has a central bore 276 through which the shaft can pass. The upper end of the shaft 271 is threaded so that a washer 278 can be fitted and a nut 280 screwed on. In the connection diagram shown, the head 271 abuts against the back of the upper wall 230B of the mounting block 26B. The rod 271 passes through the holes 222D and 224D of the lower mounting block 24D and through the segment of the frame structure 16D, so that its free end is located inside the upper mounting block 26D. On Fig shows the position of the head 273 connection 254 type 3 when it is lowered to a predetermined position. After lowering to a predetermined position the uppermost set 20 of the construction section, the head 273 can be rotated 90 ° so that it abuts against the back side of the upper wall of the mounting block 26B. The combination of the conical faces of the bolt heads and the wedge-shaped spacers facilitates the alignment of the sets during their installation and clamping. The builder can then tighten the nut 280 to securely connect the 2B and 2D building section kits.

Typically, construction section kits can be lifted using a crane that has hooks or other fastening means that can be connected to the four upper mounting blocks 26 of the construction section kit. A connection type similar to that used for lifting and transporting transport containers may be used.

Referring now to FIG. 27, a side view of the connection between a pair of lower adjacent sets of building sections 2A and 2B and a pair of upper adjacent sets of 2C and 2D building sections is shown. This connection diagram contains all three types of connections (type 1, type 2 and type 3) for connection with sets 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, which are assembled as follows: the construction section set 2C is installed on the construction section set 2A and vertical connections are made at using connections of type 250 250. Then, the construction section set 2B adjacent to the construction section set 2A is lowered into the set position and horizontal connections are made using type 25 connections 2. After lowering the construction section set 2B in the predetermined position, it becomes impossible to access the mounting blocks 26A and 26B inside and therefore it is not possible to introduce type 1 connection components into them. Therefore, type 3 connections are required.

33 is a schematic side view of a four-tier structure 280 that comprises a plurality of sets of building sections of the type described above. You can see that the kits are connected to each other using connections 250, 252 and 254 of types 1, 2 and 3. The large bold numbers in the drawing show the preferred assembly sequence for the various building sections during the construction of building 280. The exact installation order of the kits is determined by the conditions on the construction site and lifting conditions, but usually the installation is carried out in a diagonal direction. The structure shown has a foundation 282 with mounting plates to which type 1 connections 250 are connected to securely fasten the structure to the foundation.

On Fig-51 shows an alternative set of mounting tools that can be used in various embodiments of the present invention. In this case, instead of mounting blocks, each column is equipped with connecting strips, which are used to fix together adjacent sets of building sections, as described in more detail below.

Hereinafter, the details of the connection option using the lower and upper connection strips 24 and 26 will be described with reference to Figs. type of lower connection strips. The first lower connecting strip 206 is shown schematically in FIGS. 34, 35 and 36. It is a substantially rectangular steel plate 210 with a nominal thickness of about 25 mm, however, it should be borne in mind that the thickness can be changed in accordance with the requirements. In the connection diagram shown, the plate has a length of 290 mm and a width of 145 mm, however, these dimensions can be changed in accordance with the requirements. On the back of the plate 210 there is a wedge-shaped protrusion 211. The protrusion 211 can be attached to the plate 210, for example, by welding. In the shown connection diagram, the protrusion 211 has a generally rectangular parallelepiped shape with a depth of 20 mm, a length of about 91 mm and a width of about 53 mm. The taper is about 2.5 mm on each side or approximately 5 ° to 10 °. The corners of the protrusion are mainly rounded and have a radius of curvature in the range from 5 mm to 15 mm. The plate 210 has a first, second and third bore 212, 213 and 214. The bore 212 has a larger diameter than other bores, and is located on the central longitudinal axis. This diameter is preferably 32 mm. Bores 213 and 214 are generally symmetrical between the protrusion 211 and one of the ends of the plate. Bores 213 and 214 preferably have a diameter of 26 mm.

The lower connecting strip 215 of the second type is shown in FIGS. 36 and 37. The connecting strip 215 of the second type is a square plate 216, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the plate 210, and the edges of which have a length equal to half the longitudinal length of the plate 210.

Thus, in the shown connection diagram, the sides have a length of 145 mm. The reverse side of the plate 216 contains a symmetrically located protrusion 217, similar in shape to the protrusion 211. The end view of the lower connecting strip 206 of the first type shown in Fig. 36 is similar to the end view of the lower connecting strip 215 of the second type. Plate 216 has no bores.

In the previous description, the upper connection strips have the reference designation 26. However, in fact, two types of upper connection strips are used. As described in more detail below, similar components can be used to manufacture various types of top connecting strips, however these strips are oriented differently in the construction section kit.

On Fig-41 schematically shows the upper connecting strip 218 of the preferred configuration. The connecting strip 218 can be made using an initially rectangular steel plate 219, the dimensions of which are substantially equal to the dimensions of the plate 210 shown in FIG. 16, with the exception of a thickness that is predominantly 40 mm. The upper connecting strip 218 has one remote angle to form a stepped portion 220. The dimensions of the remote angle are advantageously 75 mm × 75 mm. The plate 219 has a centrally located wedge-shaped recess 221 having complementary dimensions and a taper angle with respect to the protrusions 211 and 217 of the lower connecting bars 206 and 215. The plate 219 also has a first bore 222 located mainly along the longitudinal axis of the plate 219, between one end of the plate and a recess 221, and a second bore 223, located mainly in the center of the stepped section 220.

Bores 222 and 223 preferably have a diameter of 34 mm and 28 mm, respectively. As described in more detail below, the upper connecting strip 218 can be installed in different orientations on the construction section set 2, so that the upper and lower connecting plates can be used to connect laterally adjacent and vertically adjacent sets of construction sections 2. All connecting strips are made of steel grade 350 or steel of higher grades.

On Fig and 43 schematically shows how the mounting means in the form of connecting strips 206, 215 and 218 are connected with the elements 18 and 20 of the columns to form segments 4218 and 4220 of the frame structure. On Fig shows the element 18 of the column, which in this connection diagram is a hollow steel column of square section with a length and width of 125 mm × 125 mm, with a wall thickness of approximately 4 mm to 10 mm and with a total length of 3050 mm, including connecting slats. One of the upper connecting bars 206 is welded to the upper end of the column element 18, so that the center of the recess 221 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the column element 18. One of the lower connecting bars 215 is welded to the lower end of the column element 18, so that the center of the protrusion 217 is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the column 18. This ensures that the protrusion 221 is precisely aligned with the protrusion 217.

On Fig schematically shows a segment 4220 of the frame structure. This segment of the frame structure is formed by welding one of the upper connecting bars 218 to the upper end of the column element 20 and one of the lower connecting bars 206 to the lower end of the column element 20. And in this case, the centers of the recess 221 and the protrusion 211 are aligned with the longitudinal axis of the column element 20.

The column element 20 is formed from the same sections as the element 18, and has the same dimensions.

In an alternative constructive embodiment, the frame structure segment may have its own mounting means and a column element formed as a single unit with it. In this case, the mounting means will be that part of the column element which, when used, is engaged with the adjacent column element and which is used to fasten them.

On Fig shows the location of the segments of the frame structure of a pair of laterally adjacent sets of 2A and 2B of building sections. For the frame structure segment 18A of the building section kit 2A, the orientation of the upper connecting strip 218 is selected so that the step 220 is adjacent to the side wall 4 and goes in the direction of removal from the frame structure segment 16A. On the same side, the supporting frame 10 of the segment 16A has its ledge 220, oriented in the same way. The frame structure segment 16A is similar to the frame structure segment 18A, and therefore, the lower connection bars 215 will be located at the lower ends of these frame structure segments.

On the other side wall 6A, the frame structure segment 20A is positioned so that its stepped portion 220 is oriented oppositely compared to the corresponding portion adjacent to the side wall 4A. The frame structure segment 22A has the same structure as the frame structure segment 20A. Therefore, it is easy to understand that both segments 20A and 22A of the frame structure will have first lower connection bars 206 at their lower ends.

The construction section set 2B has a structure similar to that of the construction section set 2A, and therefore, its column elements and the upper and lower connecting bars are similar to the corresponding components of the construction section set 2A.

On Fig shows the sets 2A and 2B of the building sections, laid together in the lateral direction, so that the stepped sections 220 of the lower connecting strips 206 will be engaged with each other.

Elements 16, 18, 20 and 22 of the columns can be welded to the side walls and / or to the frame structure of the building sections 2A and 2B at selected locations, so that they can be connected together in the lateral direction, as shown in Fig. 45, and also vertically connected, as described in more detail below.

On Fig schematically shows an isometric projection of many sets of building sections connected together. The front most prominent set 2B has a frame structure segment 18B attached to the side wall 4B of the construction section set 2B. The length of segment 18B of the frame structure is chosen so that the upper part of the upper connecting strip 218B is approximately 100 mm above the plane of the roof 10B.

An elongated connecting rod 207B having threaded ends is passed through a bore 222B, and its lower end engages with a threaded connecting element (not shown in FIG. 41) located adjacent to the base of the frame structure segment 18B, as described in more detail below. The nut 209B is tightened at the threaded end of the connecting rod 207B. As shown in FIG. 47, a laterally adjacent building section kit 2A may be positioned so that its side frame segment 20A is adjacent to the frame structure segment 18B. In this position, the stepped sections 220A and 220B are adjacent to each other. At the other end of the sets of building sections 2A and 2B, the segments 22A and 16B of the frame structure are arranged similarly.

After aligning the sets of building sections 2A and 2B, the third set of the building section 2C can be lowered onto the top of the building section set 2B, with the frame structure segment 20C being vertically aligned with the frame structure segment 20A, as shown in FIG. 48. It is shown that the connecting element 233B is connected to the protruding end of the connecting rod 207B.

The connecting element 233B is an elongated nut into which a threaded lower end of a vertically adjacent elongated elongated connecting rod 207D can be inserted (as shown in FIG. 50). Set 2C of the building section is lowered so that the protrusion 211C of the column 20C is included in the recess 221A of the column 20A, and due to their complementary taper, these elements automatically correct the alignment of sets of 2C and 2A of the building sections. When the kit 2C of the building section is lowered, all of its protrusions 211 and 217 are included in the corresponding recesses 221 of the kit 2B of the building section. Bolts 224, 225, and 226 can then be passed through aligned bores in plates 206C and 218A, 218B. More specifically, bolt 224 is passed through bores 212C and 222A, bolt 225 is passed through bores 214C and 223A and bolt 226 is passed through bores 213C and 223B. The nuts 227, 228 and 229 can be tightened on the corresponding bolts to securely connect the plates together, as shown in Fig. 49.

After all the nuts have been tightened, the fourth set of the 2D construction section can be lowered down to a predetermined position on the construction section set 2A. For simplicity, FIG. 49 shows only a frame segment 20D of a 2D construction section kit. It is lowered to a predetermined position so that its protrusions 217D enter the recess 221B of the kit 2B of the construction section. The four wedge-shaped protrusions of the 2D construction section kit facilitate the correct alignment of the 2D construction section kit from the top with the construction section kit 2A.

On Fig shows the final position of the various plates. You can see that the plate 215D abuts against the plate 218B and is held in position by an elongated connecting rod 207D. The elongated connecting rod 207 is preferably a steel rod with a diameter of 30 mm with a thread at its ends or along its entire length.

It should be borne in mind that nuts 227, 228, and 229 can be tightened to lower the fourth set of 2D building sections to a predetermined position. However, after this there is no access to the connecting strips, but the use of an elongated connecting rod 207D allows installers to make the final connection from the roofs of the upper sets 2C and 2D of the building sections. The usual procedure for installing the elongated connecting rod 207D is to screw its lower end into the connecting element 233B until the fourth set of the 2D building section is set to a predetermined position. The 2D construction section kit is then mounted on top of the construction section kit 2A and the upper end of the shaft 207D is aligned with the bore 222 of the upper plate (not shown) of the frame structure segment 18D. The 2D construction section kit is then lowered so that the upper end of the shaft 207D passes through the bore. A similar sequence of operations is carried out for all segments of the frame structure of the 2D construction section kit.

It should be borne in mind that the connection diagram shown provides a very strong connection, both vertically and laterally, of the connecting strips and, therefore, segments of the frame structure. This increases the rigidity and stability (strength) of the structure.

It should be borne in mind that you can swap the positions of the connecting strips, that is, the protrusions can be on the upper plates. In addition, complementary (complementary) plates can be used to create lower plates, rather than upper plates, as in the connection diagram shown, where they are complementary.

On Fig-67 shows another structural embodiment of the mounting means and the method of their use when connecting sets of building sections with each other. In this example, a hybrid of the previous structural options was used, namely, the structural version using both connecting strips and mounting blocks.

An exemplary lower connecting strip 310 is shown in more detail in FIGS. 52, 53 and 54. It can be seen that the strip 310 comprises a rectangular base 312 that has side walls of about 125 mm long and about 25 mm thick, with the upper edges of the base being chamfered (have bevels ) The bar 310 includes a mounting protrusion 314 that is molded or made of steel and welded to the back of the base 312. The protrusion 314 is mainly a rectangular parallelepiped, but has side and end walls extending downward to the cone. The lower connecting strip 310 has a central bore 316 that extends through the base 312 and the protrusion 314. Typically, the diameter of the bore 316 is about 332 mm.

In the kit 300 of the construction section, the upper ends of the fragments 16, 18, 20 and 22 of the frame structure are provided with upper connection plates 318 or upper mounting blocks 320 depending on the place of use of the sets. In general, building blocks 320 are used when access problems arise and elongated connectors are required, similar to Type 3 connections 254 for the options described above, which are described in more detail below.

55-57, the upper connecting strip 318 is shown in more detail. You can see that it has the shape of a rectangular plate with the same dimensions as the base 312 of the lower connecting strip. It has a rectangular hole 324 having conical side walls that are complementary to the conical side walls of the protrusion 314, so that the protrusion 314 can be tightly inserted into this hole.

In FIGS. 58-60, the upper mounting block 320 is shown in more detail. The upper mounting block 320 is welded to the upper ends of the elements of the columns, as described in more detail below, and it is used in those places where due to lack of access an elongated rod is required, as in the case when connections 254 of type 3 are required. The upper mounting block 320 basically has a design similar to that of the upper mounting block 26 shown in Fig.21-24, with the same reference designations used to designate their similar parts. In this case, the opening 248 has a complementary configuration to the configuration of the protrusion 314, so that these components can be tightly joined together when the sets of building sections 300 are stacked on top of each other.

FIGS. 61-65 show a bolt 330 that can be used in combination with the lower and upper connection bars 310 and 320 to connect them together. The bolt 330 has a head 332 and a shaft 334. The head 332 is generally in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, but its side and end walls are beveled at an angle of about 10 degrees. Rod 334 may have two lengths, the shorter being about 120 mm (similar to the length of the Type 1 connector), and the longer may go the entire height of the building section 300 (similar to the length of the Type 3 connector). A typically longer version has a length of about 3025 mm. In either case, the upper end of the rod 336 is threaded, so that a nut 338 can be put on it. A square protrusion 340 protrudes above the thread, as is best shown in FIGS. 63 and 65.

On Fig and 66A shows how the upper connecting strips 310C are welded to the respective support columns 22A and 22C for interaction when combining sets 300C and 300A with each other to connect using the described parts. On Fig shows a similar example, but using the upper mounting block 320 and the lower connecting strip 310C.

67 shows how bolts 330 are used to connect four adjacent sets of building sections 300A, 300B, 300C, and 300D to each other. This connection scheme is similar to that shown in Fig. 27 for the previous options and therefore does not require additional detailed description. However, it should be noted that the lower ends of the segments 22 of the frame structure have holes 360 that provide access to nuts 338 for connecting the upper and lower connecting strips. In addition, when the elements of the columns are provided with upper connection bars 318, then access openings 362 are provided to allow horizontal bolts 364 to pass through them to connect segments of the frame structure to each other. In the connection diagram shown, the head of the bolt 364 is located outside the hollow interior of the column member 22A. This allows you to hold it when tightening the nut 365, which is located inside the upper mounting block 320D. In this connection scheme, the bolt has a flange 367 and a washer located on the bolt shaft 364 between the upper mounting block 320B, and the connection scheme is such that tightening the nut 365 allows you to effectively clamp together the upper end of the frame segment 22A, the washer 369 and the upper mounting block 320B. On Fig shows a view similar to that shown in Fig, but with a different design kit. In the shown connection diagram, the side wall 6 is formed from a profiled steel sheet 179, similar to that used in transport containers. Typically, the sheet has a thickness of about 1.6 mm, and a single sheet is used for the entire wall, which may have a height of about 2700 mm and a length of 10 m to 20 m. The side wall 6 contains an upper guide 180 that is welded to the upper edge of the profiled steel sheet 179. Typically, the guide 180 has dimensions of 60 × 60 mm and has a wall thickness of about 3 mm. The side wall 6 also includes a lower guide 182, which is usually c-shaped, with a lower flange 183 and a wider upper flange 185, which is welded to the lower edge of the sheet 179. The depth of the central bridge of the lower guide 182 is typically 160 mm and the material thickness is about 4.5 mm. Floor 8 can be made of battens that extend laterally across the construction section. However, it is preferable to manufacture the floor from panels 184 from profiled steel sheets, this material being similar to the material of the side walls, but having a profile depth of about 200 mm. The panels go laterally, so that the connection scheme provides sufficient rigidity and strength of the building section. The ends of the floor panels 184 are welded to the lower guide 182 on each side of the construction section. The roof 10 is preferably made of panels 186, an example of which is shown in FIGS. 69, 70 and 71. Typically, 4 to 8 panels need to be welded together to form the entire roof for the building section. Each panel 186 is provided with longitudinal and lateral reinforcing ribs, as shown schematically in FIG. The panels are mainly made of steel sheet with a thickness of about 2 mm, with a width of 1045 mm and a length of 2356 mm. The floor further comprises plywood or other flooring material 186 located on top of the profiled floor panels 184. The other side wall 4 of the building section 2 has a similar structure and does not need to be described in detail.

The components of the side walls 4 and 6 and the floor and roof 8 and 10 form a box-shaped structure that can withstand its own weight and dynamic loads applied to it when used. In the shown connection diagram, the inner side walls are lined with a sheet of fire-resistant gypsum board 190, located next to the insulating panel 192. The roof is lined with two sheets of gypsum board 198 and 200, connected to the inside of the panels 186 using ceiling plates 202. Two layers of gypsum board together with air the gaps between the sheets of gypsum board and the profiled sheet 179 and the panels 186 increase the fire safety and sound insulation of the building sections and between the building sections.

In the connection diagram shown in Fig. 76, the column element 20 is welded directly to the upper rail 180. At the lower end, two connecting bars 187 (one of which is shown in Fig. 68) are mainly used to connect the lower ends of the column element 20 to the lower rail 182 by welding. Other segments of the frame structure of the construction section kit are connected in a similar manner.

72-77 schematically shows a modified kit 300 of the building section, on which parts similar to those of the kit 2 of the building section have the same reference numbers. The main difference between the construction section kit 300 and the construction section kit 2 is the construction of floor 8 and the connection strips 24 and 26. In the connection diagram shown in Figs. 72-74, floor battens 184 are replaced by profiled steel floor panels 304, as shown on Fig. Panels 304 are similar to those used to make side walls and roofs, but they have a large depth, typically about 200 mm (measured in the vertical direction). The corrugation pitch is typically about 650 mm. Several panels 304 can be welded together to form one part that forms the entire floor structure for kit 300. Typically, the wall thickness of panel 304 is 1.6 mm. Segments 16, 18, 20 and 22 of the frame structure are attached to the side walls 4 and 6, as before. As already described in detail here above, the connecting strips 24 and 26 of the kit 2 of the building section are similar to those described above.

In the connection diagram shown, the construction section kit 300 includes two cruciform panels 306 and 308 that provide additional rigidity. The panels 306 and 308 are welded to the side walls 4 and 6 and to the roof 10 inside, next to the corresponding segments 16, 22 and 18, 20 of the frame structure.

On Fig shows the location of the segments 20 and 22 of the frame structure, when the set 300 of the building section is used in the console structure. As shown in Fig. 74, the central span between segments 20 and 22 of the frame structure can be approximately up to 16 mm - 16 meters, and each of the ends can protrude up to 6 mm - 6 meters in the form of a console.

On Fig shows six sets of 300B, 300C, 300D, 300E, 300F and 300G construction sections, laid as before. The gap or zone of columns between adjacent building sections 300 is chosen in accordance with the different widths of the segments of the frame structure. As in the embodiments described above, the gaps can remain constant over the entire height of the structure.

As best shown in FIG. 77, the lower ends 16, 18, 20, and 22 of the column elements are provided with lower connecting bars 310 that are welded to the lower ends of the column elements and replace the lower mounting block 24 of the options described above.

On Fig schematically shows a cross section, which shows in more detail the details of the kit 300 of the construction section. On Fig shows a view similar to the view on Fig, but shows other structural details for the kit 2 of the construction section. It can be seen that in this connection diagram, the lower guide 182 is formed of rolled steel and has upper and lower flanges protruding in opposite directions. It is shown that the bottom flange 183 is welded to the back of the floor panel 304. The upper flange 185 is welded to the lower edge of the profiled wall sheet 179, as in the embodiments described above.

On Fig shows another modified set 350 of the building section, which combines the elements of sets 2 and 300 of the building sections. More specifically, floor 8 contains battens 184, but has the connections on the upper and lower segments of the frame structure that are the same as those in the set 300 of the building section. In this embodiment, the reinforcing beam 352 can be welded between the guide 182 and the lower end of the segments of the frame structure, if necessary.

On Fig shows the construction of another alternative construction section, which can be used in embodiments of the present invention. This structural embodiment differs mainly from the above options in that it uses cheaper sheet material for the manufacture of walls, floors and roofs instead of corrugated profiled sheets, which are used in the above embodiments. In the constructive embodiment shown in FIG. 79, the walls, floor, and roof are reinforced by installing spacer beams in gaps along the length of the section. On Fig shows a perspective view with a spatial separation of the details of the construction section 400. The construction section includes a wall panel 402, a panel 404 of the roof and floor panel 406.

The roof panel 404 has an angular section 408, which may be, for example, an angular section with dimensions of 110 mm × 110 mm and a thickness of 4 mm. It is welded to the wall sheet material 410, which may be a 1.6 mm thick steel sheet.

A group of spacer beams 411 extends across the roof panel 404 to another corner section similar to section 408. Spacer beams 411 are welded to the corner section 408 at their end and are welded along their upper edge to sheet 410. Similar spacer beams 411 are installed along the roof panel with gaps from each other, for example, 600 mm. According to a preferred embodiment, C10019 type strut beams are used.

The design of the wall panel 402 is similar to that of the roof panel 404. At the top of the wall panel 402 there is an angular section 412. The angular section 412 supports the roof panel and can be the same dimensions as the angular section 408 of the roof panel. A second corner section 414 is located at the base of the roof panel 402. This corner section 414 supports the floor panel 406. In this example, the lower corner section 414 has dimensions of 210 mm × 110 mm and a thickness of 3 mm. The wall panel is lined with steel sheets, for example steel sheets with a thickness of 2.4 mm 450 MPa. They are welded to the corner section 412 above and to the corner section 414 below. The wall panel 416 of steel sheets is reinforced using c-shaped spacer beams 418 that extend between the lower corner section 414 and the upper corner section 412. These c-shaped spacer beams are spaced apart from each other along the length of the wall and welded to it . In the shown embodiment, C7519 type strut beams 418 installed at intervals of 600 mm from each other along the wall length can be used.

The floor panel 406 has a structure similar to that of the roof panel 404 and wall panel 402. The floor panel 406 has an angular section 420 at each end (only one end is shown in FIG. 79) to which the bottom floor panel 422 is welded from a steel sheet. C-shaped spacer beams are welded from above to floor panel 422, which extend between corner sections 420 on either side of the floor. In this embodiment, C20019 type strut beams installed 600 mm apart from one another along the floor panel can be used.

As in the roof panel described above, the floor panel and the wall panel can be engaged with each other and welded together.

It should be borne in mind that in the embodiments described here, the structures of the building sections are welded together. However, those skilled in the art will easily understand that other fasteners can also be used for joining. For example, instead of welding, rivet, bolt, or other systems for mechanically joining components together can be used. Depending on the material used, glue may also be used. Moreover, various welding technologies can be used, such as MIA welding, VIA welding, spot welding, etc., depending on the available capabilities and the material used.

On Fig shows another alternative wall design, very similar to that shown in Fig. 79. The only difference is that the corner section at the lower end of the wall panel of the embodiment of FIG. 80 is inverted. Therefore, there is no need for an additional description of this option, and similar parts in Figs. 80 and 79 have the same reference designations.

On Fig shows a perspective view of an alternative connecting strip, which can be used in an embodiment of the present invention. The support frame segment 800 shown in FIG. 81 is basically similar to the frame construction segments already described above, and therefore only its end is shown in FIG. 81. The frame structure segment 800 comprises a support column 802 and a connection bar 804. In this example, the connection bar 804 has a substantially rectangular first end 806 and a tapered second end 808. Thus, in a plan view, the connection bar 804 is generally trapezoidal, which is better all shown in Fig. 82. As in the embodiments described above, the connecting strip has a central recess 810 for receiving engagement means from a similar connecting strip for a vertically adjacent frame segment and several bolt holes 812 and 814 for attaching to adjacent connecting plates for adjacent frame sections. Segment 800 of the frame structure, when used, is mounted on the building section so that the wider side of the trapezoidal connecting strip 804 is closest to the building section. Thus, the front side 816 of the connecting strip 804 will go on a cone in the direction of the wall of the building section with which it is connected.

On Fig shows a top view of the connecting strip 804, to better show its configuration. In a preferred segment 800 of the frame structure, the column element 802 is mounted so that one of its surfaces is mainly aligned with the surface 818 of the connecting strip, and preferably has an edge 820, which is mainly vertically aligned with the vertex 822 of the trapezoidal connecting strip 804. The reasons for producing such a preferred combination will be described below.

On Fig shows three sets of 828, 830 and 832 building sections, which must be located next to each other to form the level of the structure. Each of the sets of building sections 828, 830, and 832 comprises a rectangular building section with four framed construction segments attached to it. You can see that in the set 828 of the construction section, the segments 834 and 836 of the frame structure are installed so that their conical sides 834A and 836A face inward and go towards each other. On the other side of the construction section, framed segments 838 and 840 are mounted in the opposite direction, so that their conical sides 83 8A and 840A are facing outward and extend away from each other. Due to this, the conical sides of the connecting strips work as a node of the tapered key relative to the horizontally adjacent set of the construction section. The use of such a key effect between adjacent sets of building sections allows precise and easy installation in a given position of the sets of building sections relative to each other at the construction site.

On figa-84C shows how to connect together adjacent sets of building sections using this key effect. On figa shows two sets of 844 and 846 building sections, which are located next to each other and offset from each other. In this position, their oppositely directed connecting strips 844A and 844B are aligned. On figv shows that when the sets 844 and 846 of the building sections are brought together, then the conical sides of the connecting strips 844A and 846A of their respective segments of the frame structure converge, so that they engage. The conical sides form a guiding surface that is angular, and when the kits move together, it is used to guide the kits 844 and 846 of the building sections in the correct relative alignment. To show inaccurate alignment, Fig. 84B shows sets 844 and 846 of building sections brought out of alignment at distance X. If Z is correctly aligned, the spacer beams 850 and 852 will be aligned; despite the fact that the alignment of the segments of the frame structure is key to ensure structural integrity, a reference to the spacer beams was made for convenience at the shown alignment distance.

Turning now to FIG. 84C, the final exact locations of the building sections 844 and 846 are shown. It can be seen that the sets of building sections are in such a position that the frame segments 844A and 846A are aligned along the column gap 854 between the building sections and mainly are in contact along their conical sides. Now they can be joined together, as already indicated here above, using bolts, welding or otherwise.

As shown in FIGS. 84A-84C, the conical sides of the connecting strips act as guide surfaces and allow easy alignment of the building sections in the horizontal direction. In addition, the outermost side of the columns of the segments of the frame structure and especially the horizontally protruding edge of the column element, which is mainly aligned with the blunt apex of the trapezoidal connecting strip, also acts as a guide surface when there is poor vertical alignment between the sets of building sections during installation to a given position. This vertical direction is almost always necessary when sets of building sections are typically lowered to a predetermined position using a crane. To further clarify this point, FIG. 85 shows the same portion of the frame structure segment as that shown in FIG. 81, which is shaded to show those portions of the frame structure segment 800 that can be used as guide surfaces during assembly. facilities.

In order to facilitate the smooth direction of the sets of building sections to a predetermined position, the guide surfaces of the column element 802 are generally aligned with the guide surfaces of the connecting strip 804. It can be understood that perfect alignment is not necessary, especially when there is only a slight disturbance (tear) on the guide surface , such as a weld between the column element 802 and the connecting bar 804. In this case, the weld itself forms an angular surface acting as part of the guide surface relative to smoothly close the gap when aligned. It is easy to understand that in the presence of this preferred alignment, even if the two building sections are brought into contact so that their connecting strips are not horizontally aligned, the guide surface 860 of the column element 802 will contact the guide surface of the corresponding connecting strip of the adjacent building section and will provide smooth direction of the building section element to a predetermined position with proper alignment, as already described above.

Variants of the system in accordance with the present invention have the following advantages:

the use of structures of lower weight - due to the replacement of concrete with steel in the structural components of structures of medium and high height (typically about 200 kg / m ² compared to a conventional concrete structure, typically having a (specific) weight of about 500 kg / m ² );

improved fire protection - as the building sections and the external structure are completely protected with fireproof gypsum board from sources of ignition outside the building sections;

construction is carried out on production equipment, and one, two or three sets of building sections can be stacked one another;

the system allows the use of a wider contingent of workers, including semi-skilled workers, interns and women;

reduction in energy consumption - since lighter materials have significantly lower intrinsic energy;

the weight reduction of the building is estimated to be 200 kg / m ² compared to a conventional concrete structure typically having a weight of 500 kg / m ² ;

the construction of a set of a building section outside the construction site on production equipment is estimated to reduce by 50% transport costs, generate 75% less waste and reduce by 50% the time usually required for building a building on a construction site;

sound insulation is better than in a standard design, since the outer perimeter of one building section is isolated from the outer perimeter of another building section. Physical contact between the building sections is only at the junction points of the external structure, so sound insulation is a characteristic of the system;

a significant reduction in design time as a result of replacing the usual linear sequence of vertical design, due to the fact that preparatory work at the construction site, such as digging a foundation pit, laying the foundation, building an (underground) garage, pouring a concrete core, can be carried out in parallel with the construction of building section sets production equipment;

a higher degree of recyclability for recycling than using concrete structures. Dismantling can be carried out in the reverse order of assembly. Gypsum, which is contained in dry plaster, after grinding, can be reused in the form of aggregate or gravel. Sets of building sections are general space-containing structures that, after dismantling, can be used in new structures having various areas of possible use;

full rigging of the structure can be carried out on the ground, due to which an unusually high degree of dimensional accuracy can be maintained and accurate fit during assembly can be ensured;

layouts using building sections are variable for the reason that the position of the walls is not related to the structural system.

Various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the scope of the present invention and are consistent with its spirit.

It should be borne in mind that the invention disclosed and described herein applies to all alternative combinations of two or more individual features mentioned in the text or shown in the drawings. All of these various combinations form various alternative aspects of the present invention.

Claims (27)

1. The construction, having many levels and containing many sets of building sections, each of which is structurally autonomous and has at least one side wall, floor and roof; and segments of the frame structure attached to them, the groups of sets of building sections stacked so as to form levels in the structure, and the sets of building sections laid together with the segments of the frame structure at the same level, vertically aligned with the segments of the frame structure at least at least one adjacent level, due to which mainly all vertical loads will be transmitted through the segments of the frame structure, and sets of building sections can bear lateral loads, moreover m the location of the segments of the structure relative to the building section to which they are connected is such that at least some segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are arranged in pairs behind each other inside the level of the structure. 2. The construction according to claim 1, in which each segment of the frame structure includes an element of the column with mounting means connected to its ends, whereby the mounting means and the segment of the frame structure can be connected to adjacent planks of segments of the frame structure located vertically above or below the specified one segment of the frame structure. 3. The structure according to claim 2, in which the mounting means comprises upper and lower connecting strips, at least one of the lower connecting strips of the frame structure segment of the additional set of the building section, laid on one of these adjacent sets of building sections, overlaps at least at least partially the upper connection strips of said pair, whereby said at least one lower connection bar can be connected to them to join together said adjacent mplekty building sections and said further set of building unit. 4. The structure according to claim 2, in which the mounting means comprises upper and lower connecting strips, the arrangement of the connecting strips being such that for vertically aligned pairs of segments of the frame structure, at least three of their connecting strips can be connected together. 5. The structure according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, which further comprises a core, while the groups of sets of building sections are located relative to the core and connected to it so that the vertical loads between adjacent levels will be transmitted through the sets of building sections rather than through the core. 6. The construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, which further comprises one or more elongated means of connection extending from the top of the corresponding first segment of the frame structure attached to the building section at the same level to the top of the vertically aligned second segment of the frame structure attached to the kit the building section at a different level, so that the upper part of the first building element can be connected using the specified elongated means of connection with the upper part of the second segment of the frame structure. 7. A structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of levels comprise at least one set of a building section located in a first orientation, and at least one second set of a building section located orthogonally to said first orientation, so that said sets of building sections in the first and second orthogonal orientations serve as braces carrying lateral loads. 8. The construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, having many levels, at least some of these levels contain many autonomous building sections, each of which contains a frame structure segment connected to it, which is adapted to support the vertical load of another level, located above the specified level, and:
the structure contains at least one higher level and at least one lower level, while the structural strength of the segments of the frame of the building sections at a lower level is greater than the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame at a higher level. 9. The structure of claim 8, which contains a group of higher levels and a group of lower levels, while the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame structure within the group of lower levels is mainly the same and the structural strength of the corresponding segments of the frame structure within the group of higher levels is the same. 10. The construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the segments of the frame structure contain elements of columns attached to autonomous building sections. 11. The construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the building sections are located inside the level so that gaps are formed between adjacent autonomous building sections in which the segments of the frame structure are located. 12. The construction of claim 8, in which the relative difference in strength between the two elements of the supporting frame is provided by changing at least one of the following parameters:
the relative wall thickness of the elements of the supporting frame;
the relative depth of the elements of the supporting frame, measured along the gaps between adjacent autonomous building sections. 13. The construction according to claim 2, in which the segments of the frame structure in a pair of segments of the frame structure have mounting means of such a form that allows, when used, to couple the mounting means with a horizontally adjacent segment of the frame structure included in the pair. 14. The structure according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which at least one segment of the frame structure of the kit construction section contains a guide surface to facilitate alignment with the segment of the frame structure of the adjacent building section when laying. 15. The construction of claim 14, wherein the construction section kit comprises mounting means that has an angular guide surface for guiding the frame structure segment in proper alignment with the corresponding mounting form of the frame structure segment of the adjacent building section. 16. The construction according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the segments of the frame structure are located outside of the autonomous building sections. 17. A method of erecting a structure having many levels using multiple sets of building sections, each set of building sections being structurally autonomous and having at least one side wall, floor and roof, the method including the following operations:
attaching segments of the frame structure to at least one side wall of the building section to form a set of building sections;
lifting sets of building sections to a predetermined position in the structure, so that each level of the structure contains a predetermined number of sets; the sets of building sections are stacked so as to form the levels of the structure with the segments of the frame structure at one level vertically aligned with the segments of the frame structure of at least one adjacent level, due to which mainly all the vertical loads of the sets of building sections will be transmitted through the segments of the frame construction; moreover, the segments of the frame structure of adjacent sets of building sections are paired next to each other;
connecting adjacent sets to each other at each level; and
connecting sets at the same level with corresponding sets at least at one adjacent level, which is vertically above or below this level. 18. The method according to 17, which further includes the following operations:
manufacturing at least one core; and
connection to the core of sets that are adjacent to it, wherein the connection scheme is such that the vertical loads between adjacent levels are transmitted mainly through sets of building sections, and side loads can be transferred to the core. 19. The method according to 17 or 18, in which each of the segments of the frame structure contains a connecting bar at the top and bottom, and the method involves the use of fastening means for connecting together the upper and lower bars of the segments of the frame structure, which are vertically adjacent to each other. 20. The method according to any one of paragraphs.17-19, which includes the operation of connecting together segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other. 21. The method according to any one of paragraphs.17-20, in which each of the segments of the frame structure contains above and below the connecting strip at the upper and lower ends of the segment and which includes: the operation of connecting the upper connecting plates of the segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other with one another, from one of the lower connecting bars of the segments of the frame structure, which are located next to each other at the next higher level. 22. The method according to one of paragraphs.17-21, which provides for each set of building sections, the definition of at least one reference point outside the autonomous set, with reference to one or more segments of the frame structure. 23. The method according to item 22, which further includes fitting at least part of the inner side of the construction section relative to at least one reference point. 24. The method according to item 23, which further provides for the attachment of at least one element of the facade to the kit construction section relative to at least one reference point. 25. The method according to any one of paragraphs.17-24, which further provides for the installation in a predetermined position of the transitional structure between groups of levels that form many groups. 26. A set of supporting sections for use in the construction according to one of claims 1 to 16. 27. The set of support section according to p. 26, including a structurally autonomous support section, which has at least one side wall, floor and roof; and segments of the frame structure attached to at least one side wall.

Images