RU2616306C1 - Method for construction of multistore buildings of three-dimensional blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for construction of multistore buildings of three-dimensional blocks includes floor-by-floor installation of the blocks in the design position. The three-dimensional blocks are equipped with a floor, ceiling, enclosure panels, one- or two-level bearing columns and load-bearing walls. The last are set at the factory to ensure greater stiffness of the building frame. The following blocks are mounted via the one- or two-level bearing columns with different diameters depending on the floor level. One-level and two-level bearing columns are designed as pipes filled with concrete having rigidly welded shims arranged at both ends of the pipe and which have rib stiffeners made on them to ensure the joint rigidity. There are bolt holes on the shims. Guide pins are mounted in the transition places of the concrete-filled bearing columns and on the floor and ceiling of the three-dimensional blocks. The pins are arranged according to the bolt holes on the column strips which are then interconnected by nuts. The lower flange of the three-dimensional blocks and load-bearing framed walls are designed compositional and made of steel structures in which metal ropes are placed and strung for the building structural rigidity. Mortise-tenon fastenings are installed on the face ends of the three-dimensional blocks which serve for preliminary fixation of the enclosure panels and double-glazed windows. Magnets are fixed in the load-bearing walls, enclosure panels and bearing columns for pre-guidance of the structures. The blocks are mounted with the help of stiffening beams and a telescopic lift. The enclosure panels, double-glazed windows, bearing columns of the building are installed by tower mini cranes. The installation of three-dimensional blocks in automatic mode is performed by an automated tower hoist. The installation of three-dimensional blocks in robotic mode is carried out by a manipulating backhoe and a trans-robot with GPS, GLONASS receivers and other transmitters and marks for space coordination of mounted components. The multi-store building is installed on a pre-arranged foundation.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing seismic resistance of multi-store buildings of three-dimensional blocks, decreasing labor input and costs for their erection and enhancing architectural and design posibilities.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to a method for the construction of buildings from building blocks.

Known methods for the construction of multi-storey buildings from volumetric blocks (USSR copyright certificates No. 987066, 1214877, 1414760, 1454921, 1620570, RF patents No. 2000398, 2010094, 2035556, 2037608, 2037617, 2041330, 2083772, 2116417, 2156341, 2220263, 225 2268967, 2273701, 2285094, 2363820, 2424402, 2460853, 2479697, 2524731, 2543396; UK patent No. 1194372; German patents No. 2400928, 2601850, 4332793; Japan patents No. 52-14525, 6042054, 63-51227, 929160; 929160; China No. 104060695; US patents No. 2154142, 3751864, 4759158, 5575120; EP patent No. 2780516; Canadian patent No. 2856294; French patents No. 1513929, 2052799, 2763613 and others).

Of the known methods, the closest to the proposed one is the "Method for the construction of multi-storey buildings from building blocks" (RF patent 2037608, ЕВВ 1/348, Е04В 1/35, 06/19/1995), which was chosen as a prototype.

The known method of building erection includes the installation of volumetric blocks installed in the design position within the floor or grab, then they install common fittings for the given floor and install a monolithic reinforced concrete slab common for all floor blocks, onto which the next row of blocks is installed, rigid combination of all volumetric blocks within the floor into a single unit and the creation of seismic zones of the building within each floor. On the outer surface of the block ceilings along the ribs along the border with the adjoining block walls, nests can be made that fill concrete with a monolithic overlap with the formation of dowels.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency and accuracy of installation of the building, due to the use of reinforced concrete structures, which have large errors in the manufacture and installation, the need for a monolithic reinforced concrete floor on each floor, which, in turn, significantly increases the complexity of installation and the cost of building the whole . In addition, the seismic stability and crack resistance of the frame and the blocks themselves are reduced, especially when building floors. The installation of blocks in height is possible only in conjunction with their installation along the length of the building, since the stability of the block of the next row cannot be achieved without the installation of a monolithic belt in the underlying row of blocks, and the feature of the resulting frame does not allow the installation of a large-span multi-storey building with free layouts.

An object of the invention is to reduce the cost of construction of multi-storey buildings from volumetric blocks and expand architectural and planning capabilities by reducing the complexity of building construction, as well as increasing its seismic stability.

The problem is solved in that the method of constructing multi-storey buildings from volumetric blocks involves floor installation of volumetric blocks in a design position, equipped with floor, ceiling, wall panels, single-level or two-level load-bearing columns, load-bearing walls, the latter being installed in the factory to provide greater rigidity of the building frame , while the subsequent blocks are mounted through single-level or two-level supporting columns of different diameters depending on the floor level, while one level and two-level bearing columns are made in the form of pipes filled with concrete, with rigidly welded strips located at both ends of the pipe, on which stiffeners are made to provide rigidity of the assembly, and bolt holes are made on the strips, in places of interfacing with bearing columns filled with concrete , on the floor and on the ceiling of the volumetric blocks, guide pins are installed, which are located in accordance with the bolt holes on the pillars of the columns, which then, after installing the columns, are connected with nuts, when Ohm, the lower zone of the volume blocks and the frame of the bearing walls are structurally made of metal structures, in which metal ropes are placed and pulled to provide greater rigidity of the building structure, fastenings in the form of a thorn socket for preliminary fastening of enclosing panels and double-glazed windows are installed on the ends of the volume blocks magnets are installed on walls, enclosing panels and supporting columns to speed up preliminary guidance of structures, rigid traverse, telescope are used to mount the blocks The hoist, the enclosing panels, the double-glazed windows, the supporting columns of the building are mounted with self-elevating mini-cranes, the installation of volume units in an automated mode is carried out using an automated mast elevator-manipulator, for the installation of volume units in a robotic mode, an arrow-mounted elevator-manipulator and a trans-robot are used using GPS receivers , GLONASS, or other sensors and tags for coordinating the mounted elements in space, the installation of a multi-storey building is carried out in advance foundation found.

The method of construction of multi-storey buildings from volumetric blocks is illustrated by drawings: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a volumetric building block for building construction; in FIG. 2 shows a general view of a three-dimensional building block with enclosing panels and double-glazed windows; in FIG. 3 shows the installation options for the block with the creation of balcony fences, loggias, one- and two-level rooms, free spaces; in FIG. 4 shows the installation of volumetric building blocks and auxiliary works using telescopic elevators and self-elevating mini-cranes; in FIG. 5 shows the installation of volumetric building modules and the process of auxiliary works using an automated mast-mounted elevator-manipulator; in FIG. Figure 6 shows the installation of volumetric building blocks and the process of auxiliary work using a robotic high-rise boom-manipulator and a trans-robot.

Volumetric building blocks 1 are supplied with floor 2, ceiling 6, enclosing panels 15, load-bearing walls 10, which are installed in the factory. For greater rigidity and stability of the building frame, the subsequent blocks are mounted through single-level 3 or two-level 4 supporting columns, which are installed in different diameters depending on the height of the building and the floor level. Bearing columns 3 and 4 are made in the form of pipes filled with concrete in the factory, forming the so-called pipe concrete. At both ends of the pipes of the supporting columns 3 and 4, the straps 7 are rigidly welded, located at both ends. Stiffening ribs 13 are formed on the strips 7 of the supporting columns 3 and 4. In addition, bolt holes 12 are made on the strips 7. Guide points 5 are installed in the joint points located on the floor 2 and on the ceiling 6 and filled with concrete of the volumetric blocks 1 to connect them with supporting columns 3 or 4 using nuts 8, while the lower zone 9 of the volume blocks 1 and the frame of the supporting walls 10 are structurally made of metal structures in which metal ropes 11 are placed and tensioned to provide greater rigidity and earthquake resistance Nia. At the ends of the volume units 1, mounts 14 are installed in the form of a spike socket for mounting the enclosing panels 15 and double-glazed windows 16, magnets 17 are installed in all mounted elements to accelerate the preliminary guidance of the structures to the design position. Part of the volume of building blocks 1 can be equipped with balcony fences 28 depending on the architectural and planning decisions. For the installation of volumetric blocks 1, a rigid cross-beam 18, a telescopic elevator 19 are used in the construction of the building 25, and for robot-mounted trans-robot 20 using GPS, GLONASS receivers, sensors, tags or optical "technical vision" 21 to coordinate the mounted elements in space. Auxiliary and enclosing elements of the building are mounted with self-lifting mini-cranes 22, the installation of volume units in an automated mode is carried out using an automated mast-mounted crane 23. For the installation of volume blocks 1 in a robotic mode, a boom-mounted crane 24 and a trans-robot 20 are used using GPS receivers, GLONASS, or other sensors and tags for coordination of mounted elements in space. Installation of a multi-storey building 25 is carried out on a previously prepared foundation 26.

The construction of multi-story buildings 25 of the volume blocks 1 is carried out on a previously prepared foundation 26 as follows.

Volume units 1 of high factory readiness are supplied with engineering networks and finish, blocks are connected horizontally to each other, just like engineering networks, and load-bearing walls 10 are equipped with engineering networks and finish, which connect vertically, just like engineering network, and placed in the center of the building, as the core of the building’s stiffness, as well as for the placement of stairs and elevators, while there is no need for large-scale construction work at the construction site and, accordingly, the amount of material used olzuemy for the construction of a building can be reduced. In addition, the most time-consuming and long and “wet” processes, such as concrete and welding, are excluded.

Volumetric building blocks 1 are delivered to the site in disassembled form: floor 2 and ceiling 6, bearing walls 10, which are supplied with engineering networks and finishing in the factory, supporting columns are single-level 3 or two-level 4, depending on the architectural and planning solution, enclosing panels 15 and double-glazed windows 16. Thus, in an unassembled form, it is possible to transport two such sets of volume units 1 on one trailer per flight.

Volumetric blocks 1 are provided with enclosing panels 15 and load-bearing walls 10, which are installed in the factory in each block, for greater rigidity and stability of the skeleton of a multi-story building, subsequent volumetric blocks 1 are installed through single-level 3 or two-level load-bearing columns 4, which are installed in different diameters depending from the height of the building and floor level. Bearing columns are made with a diameter that provides the necessary load-bearing capacity of the building, depending on the planned number of storeys of the building. With an increase in the number of storeys, the diameter of the columns is increased accordingly, and when using columns on the upper floors, their diameter is reduced. To support two adjacent volumetric blocks 1, one column 3 or 4 is used, which reduces the number of columns used and saves materials. The use of elongated two-level load-bearing columns 4 allows you to build a two-level apartment by eliminating the intermediate building modules of the floor and ceiling. Therefore, it is possible to increase the horizontal and vertical spaces of multi-storey buildings 25, suitable for operation, and also increases the area of free space necessary for the placement of furniture, equipment and people.

The lower zone 9 of the volume blocks 1 and the frame of the bearing walls 10 are structurally made of metal structures in which metal ropes 11 are placed and pulled, which provides greater rigidity of the building structure and increases seismic stability. To ensure the rigidity of the building structure from building volumetric blocks 1, building bearing walls 10 are installed in the center of the building, which are supplied with engineering networks and finish, connected vertically, like engineering networks, and placed in the center of the building as the building's stiffness core , as well as for placing stairs and elevators, in the center of a multi-storey building, the volumetric block 1 is supported by load-bearing wall modules 10, along the perimeter of the building by load-bearing columns 3 or 4. By analogy, all subsequent floors are mounted.

Volumetric blocks of 1 overlying floors are installed on bearing columns of 3 or 4 underlying blocks. Stiffeners 13, rigidly welded to the strips 7 of the supporting columns 3 and 4, provide increased bearing capacity and rigidity of the nodes and the building in the vertical and horizontal direction, together with the bearing walls 10. In addition, since the columns 3 and 4 are attached to the volumetric blocks 1 not directly, and through metal strips 7, with bolt holes 12 made on them, with the help of guide pins 5 and nuts 8, high accuracy of joints and quick installation is achieved, thereby ensuring maximum strength of the connection between the element Tami building.

At the ends of the volume units 1, mounts 14 are installed in the form of a spike socket for the operational installation of the enclosing panels 15 and the double-glazed windows 16. In all mounted elements, namely the volume blocks 1, the supporting columns 3 and 4, the enclosing panels 15, the double-glazed windows 16, the supporting walls 10 , as well as in the places of their mounting, magnets 17 are installed to accelerate the preliminary guidance of the mounted structures in the design position. The installed magnets 17 are necessary for the operational guidance of the volumetric block 1 on the supporting walls 10, the volumetric block 1 on the columns 3 and 4, the enclosing panels 15 and the double-glazed windows 16 on the fasteners 14 at the ends of the volumetric blocks 1. This design allows you to use the self-fixation method of the volumetric blocks 1 and mounted elements 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 for fixing them in the design position, especially in enclosed spaces that are difficult to see by the installer or crane operator. The interaction during the installation of the guide pins 5 and magnets 17 forms a reliable preliminary connection, after which they are fixed with nuts 8 and the release of the grips of the rigid beam 18.

To increase the bearing capacity and unification when increasing the number of storeys of a multi-storey building 25, the supporting columns 3 and 4 are made of a pipe filled with concrete in the factory, forming the so-called pipe concrete, stiffeners 13 are formed on the slats 7 and on the supporting columns 3 and 4, which provides rigidity node.

For the installation of volumetric blocks 1 of a multi-storey building 25, a rigid cross-beam 18 is used, auxiliary mounted building elements are installed with self-lifting mini-cranes 22, which are attached to the columns 3, 4.

To ensure all-weather installation of volumetric units 1, a rigid crosshead 18 is used, attached to the telescopic elevator 19, an automated mast-mounted elevator-manipulator 23, and for the installation of volumetric blocks 1 in a robotic mode, use a high-altitude boom elevator-manipulator 24, trans-robot 20 using GPS receivers , GLONASS, optical "technical vision" or other sensors 21 that are embedded in the mounted elements of a multi-storey building 25 or placed on a construction site to coordinate the installation elements 1, 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 in the space of the construction site.

The automated mast hoist-manipulator 23 is controlled from the operator’s remote workstation, and the robotic high-altitude boom-manipulator 24 and the trans-robot 20 are controlled by a special computer program that coordinates the horizontal and vertical movement of the block, the installation of elements. The rigid cross-beam 18 and the mounted elements 1, 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 are tied to the coordinate grid in the space of the construction site and multi-storey building 25. To ensure the accuracy of the installed volumetric blocks, GPS, GLONASS or other sensors 21 are built into them, which also set in all the edges of the structural elements of the building 25 and mounted elements 1, 3, 4, 15, 16, 10, the foundation 26. Each sensor has a reference to the coordinate system. The mounted element corresponds to the exact position of the volume unit 1 or structure in the mounted building.

Using a special computer program, digitization of the placement of volume modules 1 of standard sizes at the level of each floor is made with reference to the position of each volume module 1 and mounted elements 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 at three coordinates x, y, z and three angles α, β , γ to the project of a multi-story building and points at a construction site. Moreover, prior to commencement of work, each building 25 is digitized with a computer model and linked by each structure and angle to the terrain of the construction site. The source information for the robotic high-altitude boom-lift 24 and trans-robot 20 is a file with data containing information on the coordinate reference of volume blocks 1 and elements 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 in the coordinate system, obtained at the design stage and entered into a computer program for controlling robots 20, 24. Thus, a computer monitor instantly reflects the accuracy of installation of mounted elements 3, 4, 15, 16, 10 and building blocks 1. Installation of a multi-story building 25 is carried out on pre-prepared pounds Ent 26, the borders of which are also tied to the coordinate system.

The automated mast-mounted crane 23 and the robotic high-mounted boom-mounted crane 24 are an assembly machine structurally designed, for example, on the basis of a mobile tower crane or an attached elevator with several rigid traverses 18, which are self-propelled cargo trucks with telescopic grab. Mounted elements 1, 3, 4, 10, 15 or 16 are captured by a rigid traverse 18 from the on-site warehouse or from the trailer 27 located in the area of operation of the mounting machines. With the help of several moving rigid traverses 18, the mounted elements are continuously lifted to the installation horizon of a multi-storey building and installed in the design position using a rigid traverse 18. As a result of the continuous supply of modules and mounted elements to the installation zone, the process changes from a cyclic process to a conveyor one, the presence of several moving rigid traverse 18 provides increased productivity, reducing the duration of work in two or more times.

Such a technical solution ensures the lowering of one rigid crosshead 18 into the storage zone, orientation, hard grip of the mounted module 1, subsequent lifting to the installation zone. In this case, the second rigid crosshead 18, after the end of the assembly cycle, unfolds and falls behind the next module.

In addition, since the elements of the protruding volumetric block 1 can be located outside the trailer and even with a small content of all engineering networks, it is possible to simultaneously transport two complete sets of volumetric blocks 1 on the trailer, which reduces transport costs.

Thus, the claimed method in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides increased installation efficiency and minimizes the duration of construction processes. This is achieved by using highly efficient means of mechanization, complete assembly and unification of the mounted elements, effective means of guiding and fixing the elements, using additional tools to ensure the accuracy of installation and computer programs that control robotic mounting robots.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing multi-story buildings from volumetric blocks, including floor-by-floor installation of volumetric blocks into the design position, equipped with floor, ceiling, enclosing panels, single-level or two-level load-bearing columns, load-bearing walls, the latter are installed in the factory to provide greater rigidity of the building frame, with the following blocks mounted through single-level or two-level bearing columns of different diameters depending on the floor level, while single-level and two-level bearing the columns are made in the form of pipes filled with concrete, with rigidly welded strips located at both ends of the pipe, on which stiffeners are made to provide rigidity of the assembly, and bolt holes are made on the strips, at the interfaces with the supporting columns filled with concrete, on the floor and on the ceiling of the volumetric blocks, guide pins are installed, which are located in accordance with the bolt holes on the pillars of the columns, which are then connected with the nuts after installing the columns, and the lower belt of the volumetric blocks and the frame of the load-bearing walls is made of metal structures in which metal ropes are placed and pulled to provide greater rigidity of the building structure, fastenings in the form of a thorn socket for preliminary fastening of enclosing panels and double-glazed windows are installed on the ends of the volumetric blocks, in load-bearing walls, enclosing panels and supporting columns install magnets to accelerate the preliminary guidance of structures; rigid blocks are used for mounting blocks, a telescopic elevator, enclosing pa the windows, the double-glazed windows, the supporting columns of the building are mounted with self-lifting mini-cranes, the installation of volume units in an automated mode is carried out using an automated mast-mounted manipulator, for the installation of volume units in a robotic mode, a boom-manipulator and a trans-robot are used using GPS, GLONASS, or other sensors and tags for coordination of the mounted elements in space, the installation of a multi-story building is carried out on a prepared foundation.

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