TW201010224A - Fault protection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides a fault protection apparatus thereof that isolates the faulty magnetic capacitor unit to protect others elements in the circuit while a certain magnetic capacitor unit is fault. The fault protection apparatus comprises a magnetic capacitor unit that stores energy and has a first terminal and a second terminal, and an isolating switch that selectively connects the first terminal to the second terminal of the magnetic capacitor unit. When the magnetic capacitor unit is fault during the normal mode, the isolating switch will be turned on. Also, it will induce a short path between the first terminal and the second terminal of the magnetic capacitor unit for isolating the faulty magnetic capacitor.

Description

201010224 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a fault protection device, and more particularly to a fault protection device capable of isolating the faulty magnetic capacitor to protect other circuit components when a magnetic capacitor fails. . [Prior Art] Today's energy storage components are widely used in home appliances and handheld devices (examples)

For example, mobile phones (Mobile Phones, PDAs, etc.) and vehicles and other products are full; 1 people's demand for independent energy systems. The narrowly defined energy storage components mainly refer to batteries, including primary batteries and secondary battery products; while the generalized energy storage components refer to all components with energy storage functions, including capacitors and inductors for temporary energy storage. A super capacitor between the battery and the capacitor is also included. Capacitor is stored in the form of potential energy of physical reaction. It is simple in production and has the characteristics of fast charge and discharge speed and high power density. However, the effect of physical energy storage is not good (ie, the energy storage capacity is shorter than that of the museum. ❹ 故 故 故 故 故 故 故 故 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八 八The way of chemical energy for energy storage factor storage (4) will be significantly better than the general capacitor 1 can be applied to each supply device, but at the same time, the _ = can be limited by the chemical reaction rate, so it can not Rapid charge and discharge or power output 'and the capacity will drop after multiple charge and discharge, even for a long time 201010224 not used ' will also have capacity drop problem. The grade capacitor is a kind of component between the battery and the capacitor, Also known as electric double layer capacitor (Electdcal Double_Layer Capacit〇r), through some parts through part of the physics

Therefore, the withstand voltage is low, the water-based electrolyte IV, the organic electrolyte is about 2.5V, and the cost of the electrode material is affected. The super capacitor has a higher price-energy ratio than other capacitors and batteries. The technology of conventional energy storage components cannot simultaneously achieve the advantages of long life (high charge and discharge times), high energy storage density, instantaneous high power output, fast charge and discharge, etc., and current secondary batteries and super capacitors require electrolysis. The liquid chemically stores electrical energy and cannot be fabricated in the current semiconductor manufacturing process. Therefore, once the package is completed, the capacity of the stored electrical energy is less likely to change, and the peripheral related circuits are less flexible in planning. There are still improvements in the well-known techniques. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a fault protection device that is adapted to isolate a faulty magnetic capacitor to protect other circuit components when a magnetic capacitor fails, including: a magnetic capacitor unit, To store electrical energy and have a first end and a second end; and an isolating switch, switchably connect the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit to the 201010224 terminal to the first mode of the magnetic capacitor unit When the magnetic capacitor unit fails, the isolation turns on 'to make the magnetic capacitor open 筮° 幵' path. The magnetic capacitor that generates a short turn between the turns has a - a magnetic electrode, a second magnetic electrode, and a dielectric layer therebetween, wherein the first magnetic electrode and the first magnetic electrode are made of a magnetic conductive material. And magnetic-electrode

The direction of the magnetic surface pole (four), and the direction of the handsome pole of the second magnetic electrode are the same, but the second magnetic electrode can be opposite to the direction of the handsome pole of the first magnetic electrode. Furthermore, at least one of the first magnetic electrode and the second magnetic electrode has a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, and a non-magnetic insulating layer interposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer. . Preferably, the first magnetic electrode and the second magnetic electrode of the present invention are made of rare earth halogen, and the dielectric layer is made of titanium oxide (Ti〇3) or titanium oxynitride (BaTiOO or a semiconductor material. The utility model has the advantages that the energy storage component which can be planned and has the advantages of long life, energy storage density, instantaneous high power output, rapid charge and discharge, etc. can be achieved. [Embodiment] The foregoing and other technical contents and features of the present invention are related to The following is a detailed description of the three preferred embodiments of the reference drawings. The preferred embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1. The fault protection device of the present embodiment includes: a magnetic capacitor 201010224 7L 1. A first working switch U, a second working switch 12, an isolating switch 13 and a controller 14. It is also worth noting that the names of the switches u~n do not limit the types of the three switches or The three switches are defined as different types of switches. Conversely, the three switches 丨丨~丨3 can be the same type of switches, and when the magnetic capacitor unit 1 is fabricated by a semiconductor process The switches 11 to 13 can also be fabricated in a semiconductor process. Since the magnetic capacitor unit 本 in the present invention is a novel energy storage device, and the conventional battery, capacitor, and super capacitor have many advantages, the following First, the magnetic capacitor unit 1 will be introduced, and then the controller 14 and the switches 11 to π will be tested for whether the magnetic capacitor unit i is faulty and how to perform isolation in the event of a fault. 8 The magnetic capacitor unit i can be a single magnetic capacitor or a magnetic capacitor group composed of a plurality of magnetic capacitors connected in series, parallel or mixed series and parallel. The magnetic capacitor used in the embodiment is a material of the Shixi semiconductor. The energy storage element of high-density and large-capacity storage energy is realized by physical energy storage under a certain magnetic field, and the magnetic capacitor has large output current, small volume, light weight, long service life, good charge and discharge capability and no charging memory. Characteristics such as effects, so it is used as a storage element for the backup power supply unit to replace the conventional acid-acid battery pack 1 Less volume of power supply unit's weight and manufacturing cost, and can achieve system maintenance-free and improve system life. See Figure 2 'Because of the conventional energy storage medium (for example: super capacitor to use chemical energy) Energy Museum: Because 201010224, the storage density will be significantly better than the general capacitance, and can be applied to various power supply devices, but at the same time, the instantaneous power output that can be generated will also be kP at the chemical reaction rate. However, it is not possible to quickly charge and discharge or perform the same power output, and the number of times of charge and discharge is limited, and it is easy to breed various problems when overcharge and discharge. Compared with this, since all the energy stored in the magnetic capacitor is stored in the form of potential energy, In addition to having an energy storage density that can be matched with a general battery or a super capacitor, it has a long life (high charge and discharge times), no memory effect, high θ rate output, fast charge and discharge, because of sufficient capacitance characteristics. And so on, it can effectively solve the various problems encountered in the current battery. Referring to Fig. 3, the magnetic capacitor 6 includes a first magnetic electrode 61G, a second magnetic electrode 62Q, and a dielectric layer 630 therebetween. The first magnetic electrode 61〇 and the second magnetic electrode (4) are made of a magnetic conductive material, and are magnetized by a suitable applied electric field to form a magnetic body in the first magnetic electrode 610 and the second magnetic electrode 62, respectively. Magenetic Dip〇ie 615 and 625, so that the magnetic capacitance _ (four) constitutes a magnetic field, which affects the movement of charged particles, thereby suppressing the leakage current of the dynode 600. It is particularly emphasized that the directions of the arrows of the magnetic dipoles 615 and 6 in Fig. 3 are only a schematic view. For those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the magnetic dipole 615 625 is actually superposed by a plurality of closely arranged micro magnetic dipoles, and in the present invention, the magnetic dipoles 615 and 625 are finally The direction of formation is not limited, for example, it may point in the same direction or in different directions. The dielectric layer 630 is used to separate the first magnetic electrode 61 and the second magnetic electrode 620 to accumulate a charge of 201010224 at the first magnetic electrode 61 and the second magnetic electrode 620 to store potential energy. In an embodiment of the invention, the first magnetic electrode 610 and the second magnetic electrode 62 are made of a magnetic conductive material, such as a rare earth element, and the dielectric layer 63G is made of titanium oxide (Ti〇3), Oxygen Locks. (

BaTl〇3) or a semiconductor layer, such as 氧化 夕 S (Silicon 〇xide) □ However, the invention is not limited thereto, so the first magnetic electrode 6i 〇, the second magnetic electrode 620 and the dielectric layer (four) are visible products Use appropriate materials in order to meet the needs. The analogy shows that the operating principle of the magnetic capacitor of the present invention is as follows. Substance in —

The phenomenon of resistance change under a fixed magnetic field is called "magnetoresistive effect". Magnetic metal and alloy materials generally have such a magnetoresistance phenomenon. Generally, the resistivity of a substance only slightly decreases in a magnetic field; Under such conditions, the magnitude of the decrease in resistivity is quite large, and it can produce a very large magnetoresistance effect than the magnetic charge of the magnetic metal and the alloy material by more than H). If the MaXwell_Wagner circuit model is further developed, a large magnetic capacitance effect may also occur in the magnetic particle composite medium. In the known capacitance, the capacitance value 叩w electric valley i is the dielectric constant... and the thickness d is determined as shown in the following equation

C = £s£di d ... and in the present invention, the magnetic capacitor _ mainly uses the magnetic dipoles arranged by the first magnetic galvanic-magnetic electrode 62G (four) to form the magnetic 1 to make the internally stored electrons face the same - Rotating in the direction of rotation, neatly arranged, so that more charge can be accommodated under the same conditions as the preparation of the sample, thereby increasing the storage maleness and degree. Analogous to the conventional capacitor, the operation of the magnetic capacitor _ 201010224 The principle is equivalent to changing the dielectric constant of the dielectric I (4) by the action of the magnetic field, thus causing a substantial increase in the capacitance value. In addition, in the embodiment, the interface 631 between the first magnetic electrode (four) and the dielectric layer 63 以及 and the interface 632 between the second magnetic electrode 62 〇 and the dielectric layer 63 均为 are both an uneven surface. The surface area of the interface 631 and the interface is made larger than the surface area of the generally flat surface, and the capacitance value c of the magnetic capacitor 600 can be further increased. Please refer to FIG. 4' for a schematic view of the structure of the magnetic electrode 61A. As shown in FIG. 4, the first magnetic electrode 61 is a multi-layer structure including a first magnetic layer 612, an isolation layer 614, and a 7th (four) 616° Μ isolation layer 614 composed of a non-magnetic material, and = The magnetic layer 612 and the second magnetic layer 616 comprise a magnetic conductive material 'and, when magnetized, the magnetic dipoles (1) and 617 in the first magnetic layer 612 and the second magnetic layer 614 by different applied electric fields. Each has the same direction, and is preferably implemented in the present invention. The direction of the magnetic dipoles (1): 617 is reversed, and the leakage current of the magnetic capacitor 6 能 can be further suppressed. In addition, the structure of the magnetic electrode 610 to be emphasized is not limited to the above-described three-layer structure, but in a similar manner, a plurality of magnetic magnetic layers are continuously staggered and stacked, and magnetic dipoles in each magnetic layer are further The adjustment of the direction further suppresses the effect of magnetic leakage with almost no leakage current. The leakage current, even if it is reached, is mostly stored in chemical energy. Therefore, it is necessary to have a certain size, otherwise it will cause reserves efficiency in the past. In contrast, the magnetic capacitor 6GG of the present invention is stored in the manner of the potential 201010224's and the material used can be applied to the semiconductor process, so that the magnetic circuit can be formed by a suitable semiconductor process and the peripheral circuit. The connection 'and further reduces the volume and weight of the magnetic battery 6 ,, because this manufacturing method can be achieved using a general semiconductor process, therefore will not be described here. Please refer to FIG. 5'. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic capacitor group 5〇〇 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As described above, in the present embodiment, a plurality of small-sized magnetic electrodes 6 制作 are fabricated on a -I board using a semiconductor process, and the plurality of magnetic capacitors are disposed by a suitable metallization process. The electrical connection is formed between the turns to form a magnetic capacitor group 500 including a plurality of magnetic capacitors 6〇〇, and the magnetic capacitor group 5 is used as a power supply source for the energy storage device or the external device. In this embodiment, the plurality of magnetic capacitors 600 in the magnetic capacitor group 5 are electrically connected in an array-like manner. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately connected according to different voltage or capacitance value requirements. They can be combined in parallel or in series and parallel to meet the power supply requirements of various devices. Regression Referring to FIG. 1 'Each magnetic capacitor unit 1 has a first end and a second end, and the first working switch 11 switchably electrically connects the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit i to a first node' and In this embodiment, the first node receives a power voltage V+, and the second working switch 12 switchesably electrically connects the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit 1 to a second node, and in this embodiment The two nodes receive a power supply voltage V-. The isolating switch 13 is operative to electrically connect the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit 1 to the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit 12 201010224. The controller 14 is configured to control whether the switches u~n are turned on. When the 则* is in the minus mode, the controller 14 controls 11-13 Φ m: ^ J m , and the first end and the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit 1 are electrically connected to each other. :-Automatic test equipment machine (ate

MaChine) or 疋—BIST Circuit) to receive the test signal for measuring the magnetic crossover; tt electric valley early 7L 1疋 failure, and judged to be e, the way of failure is based on Whether the signal generated by the magnetic capacitor unit 1 is normal or not can be: the test signal of the material is - the reference voltage 'and after a period of sufficient τ from && & ^, the slave is sufficient to charge the magnetic capacitor unit 1 After the completion time, the external test device will determine the fault according to the charging voltage value of the magnetic capacitor unit. If the charging voltage is substantially equal to the reference voltage or the gap is within the error range, it is determined that the magnetic capacitor unit is normal, otherwise 'It is a malfunction. Referring to FIG. 6'f in a working mode and the magnetic capacitor unit it1 has no fault, the controller 14 controls the working switches η, 12 to be turned on, and controls the isolating switch 13 to be non-conducting, so the magnetic capacitor unit 1 can For normal operation, referring to FIG. 7, when the magnetic capacitor unit fails in the working mode, the controller 14 controls the switches to be turned on. At this time, the isolating switch 13 is at the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit. A new path is formed between the second ends, that is, the magnetic capacitor unit 丨 will be regarded as an equivalent short circuit. When the magnetic capacitor unit 1 is used together with other circuit components (such as other magnetic capacitor units 1), the faulty magnetic capacitor unit 1 can be effectively separated from the loops of other circuit components by the 20101022424, thereby protecting other circuits. The components, that is to say the other circuit components, will not be affected by the faulty magnetic capacitor unit 1, as will be explained in more detail below. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The second preferred embodiment is similar to the first embodiment except that a plurality of circuit modules described in the first embodiment are used in combination. In the embodiment, four are combined, but the practical application is not limited thereto. Referring to FIG. 8 , the fault protection device of the second embodiment includes: four magnetic capacitor units, and four first working switches, "·, four second working switches 12, 22, 32, 42 Four isolating switches 13, 23, 33, 43' and a controller, and for the sake of clarity, the controller is omitted from the drawing. The isolating switches 13, 23, 33, 43 respectively switchably magnetically The first ends of the capacitor units 1, 2, 3, 4 are electrically connected to the second end, and the first working switches 11, 31 switchably electrically connect the first ends of the magnetic capacitor units 丨, 3 to the node XI; The operation 21 electrically switches the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit 2 to the node X2; the second working switch 12 switchesably connects the second end of the magnetic n-type capacitor unit 1 to the node χ2; the second working switch 22, 42 switchably electrically connect the second ends of the magnetic capacitor units 2, 4 to the node χ3; the second working switch 32 switchably electrically connects the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit 3 to the node χ 4' first-working switch 41 switchably connects the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit 4 to the node χ4. And node χΐ receives a voltage source V+, and node χ3 receives a voltage source v_. Referring to FIG. 8 ^ when the test mode is performed, the controller controls all the switches 14 201010224 11~13, 21~23, 31~33 to be non-conducting, and the first end and the second end of each magnetic capacitor unit 1~4 are respectively Electrically connected to an external test device to receive a test signal (eg, a reference voltage) for testing whether the magnetic capacitor units 1 to 4 are faulty.

Referring to FIG. 9, it is assumed that the magnetic capacitor unit 丨 is faulty, and the remaining magnetic capacitor units 2, 3, and 4 are all normal. In the maintenance mode, in order to maintain the entire circuit, the best way is to The faulty magnetic capacitor unit 1 is isolated, allowing other circuits to continue to operate normally. Therefore, the controller controls the switches u, 12 corresponding to the faulty magnetic capacitor unit i, and is turned on. At this time, the isolating switch 13 forms a short-circuit between the first end and the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit 1. At the same time, the operation switches 21, 22, 31, 32, 〇, 42 corresponding to the normal magnetic capacitor units 2, 3, 4 are turned on, but the isolation switches 23, 33, 43 are not turned on. The third preferred embodiment is similar to the second embodiment. The difference is that the two working between the two magnetic capacitor units in series are reduced to one. Test or isolation can still be achieved and manufacturing costs can be saved. Therefore, the working switch between the first terminal of the magnetic capacitor unit 1 and the first capacitive component of the magnetic capacitor unit 2 is only one working switch 12. # In summary, the present invention utilizes a magnetic capacitor unit 丨~4 as an energy storage component to replace a conventional power supply device, which not only reduces the overall power and weight of the power supply device, but also improves energy storage efficiency, storage capacity, and maintenance-free operation. To avoid the memory effect and pollution problem of chemical materials; ' 15 201010224 At the same time, several switches can be tested efficiently, and can quickly switch to isolate the faulty magnetic capacitor unit when the fault occurs, thus protecting other circuit components. So that the rest of the normal magnetic capacitor unit can still work continuously', so the production and maintenance costs can be greatly reduced. Further, when the magnetic capacitor unit is fabricated in a semiconductor process, other components (e.g., switches) in the present invention can also be fabricated in a semiconductor process, thereby being more efficient in production. However, the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent change of the scope and the description of the invention is Modifications are still within the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a fault protection device of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of comparison between a magnetic capacitor of the present embodiment and other conventional energy storages; and FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a magnetic capacitor in the present embodiment. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first magnetic pole in another embodiment of the magnetic capacitor of the embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic capacitor unit in another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a fault protection device of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the magnetic capacitor unit in the operating mode of the fault protection device of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a second preferred embodiment of the present invention; 16 201010224 FIG. 9 is a second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A circuit diagram for isolating a faulty magnetic capacitor unit in an operational mode; and FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

17 201010224

[Description of main component symbols] 1... •... Magnetic capacitor unit 42 .... ···.Second work switch 11 ····· •...First work switch 43 ···· •...Isolation switch 12··· ·. •...Second work switch 500··· •...Magnetic capacitor unit group 13······...Isolation switch 600···•...Magnetic capacitor 14 •...Controller 610···•...First magnetic Electrode 2... • Magnetic Capacitor Unit 612···•...Magnetic Layer 21••...•...First Working Switch 613···•...Magnetic Dipole 22···•...Second Working Switch 614·· · ..... Isolation layer 23···....·Isolation switch 615···•...Magnetic dipole 3...•...Magnetic capacitor unit 616.··--Second magnetic layer 31... ••...first work switch 617··.•...magnetic dipole 32••... ••...second work switch 620··...second magnetic electrode 33·_··.••...isolation switch 625· · ••...Magnetic dipole 4... ••...Magnetic capacitor unit 630.·••...Dielectric layer 41 •... • ·...first working switch 631, 632 interface

18

Claims (1)

201010224 X. Applying for patents: 1. A fault protection device, including: 2. a magnetic capacitor unit having a second end; and for storing electrical energy and having a first end and an isolating switch, switchably electrically connecting the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit to the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit When the magnetic capacitor unit fails in the -operating mode, the isolating switch is turned on to generate a short circuit path between the first end and the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit. The magnetic capacitor unit is turned on when there is no fault in the fault protection mode according to the first application of the patent application. The protection device, when the 'isolation switch does not refer to 3 · According to the patent scope 胄 2 item, the fault protection device further includes a first working switch and a second working switch, #坌, m通 first The working switch is switchably electrically connected to the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit to the first node, and the second working switch is switchably electrically connected to the second end of the magnetic capacitor unit to a second node. The fault protection device according to claim 3, wherein, in the working mode, the first working switch and the off-conducting work are opened. 5. According to claim 3 The fault protection device, wherein when in a test mode, the first end and the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit receive a test signal for testing whether the magnetic capacitor unit is faulty, and the isolation is opened The work switch and the second switch 7 switch are both 19 201010224 non-conducting. 6. The fault protection device according to claim </ RTI> wherein the neodymium magnetic capacitor unit is a single magnetic capacitor or a magnetic capacitor group consisting of a plurality of magnetic capacitors connected in series or in series and in parallel. 7. The fault protection device of claim 6, wherein the magnetic capacitor comprises a first magnetic electrode, a second magnetic electrode, and a dielectric layer interposed therebetween, wherein the first magnetic electrode and the first magnetic electrode The magnetic poles in the two magnetic electrodes have a leakage current to suppress the magnetic capacitance. 8. The fault protection device of claim 7, wherein the first magnetic electrode comprises: a first magnetic layer having magnetic dipoles arranged in a first direction; and a first magnetic layer having an arrangement a magnetic dipole in a second direction; and an isolation layer comprising a non-magnetic material disposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer; wherein the first direction and the second direction are opposite to each other To suppress the leakage current of the magnetic capacitor. The fault protection device according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic 14 electrode and the second magnetic electrode system comprise a rare earth element, the dielectric layer is made of lanthanum oxide (Ti〇3), yttrium titanium oxide (BaTi). 〇3) or a semiconductor layer. The fault protection device according to claim 9, wherein the semiconductor layer is ruthenium oxide. H. A fault protection device comprising: a magnetic capacitor unit for storing electrical energy and having a first end and 20 201010224 a second end; and 1 electrically switching the magnetic f to the magnetic The second end of the capacitor unit; the first end of the ^ when the magnetic capacitor unit is not turned on in a test mode, and the first end of the magnetic capacitor unit and the second switch are used to test the magnetic capacitor single open β $ # slightly The test signal receives a ~ magnetic / · power generation * single 疋疋 no fault test signal. 12. According to the fault protection device described in the scope of claim patent, The magnetic, the first end and the second end of the capacitive unit are respectively input to test signals for determining whether the magnetic units are faulty. 13. A fault protection device according to the scope of the patent application, wherein the magnetic capacitor unit is a single magnetic capacitor or a magnetic capacitor group consisting of a plurality of magnetic capacitors connected in series or in series and in parallel. twenty one