TW200935645A - A proton conductive membrane for a fuel cell or a reactor based on fuel cell technology and a method for making the membrane - Google Patents
A proton conductive membrane for a fuel cell or a reactor based on fuel cell technology and a method for making the membrane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200935645A TW200935645A TW097104532A TW97104532A TW200935645A TW 200935645 A TW200935645 A TW 200935645A TW 097104532 A TW097104532 A TW 097104532A TW 97104532 A TW97104532 A TW 97104532A TW 200935645 A TW200935645 A TW 200935645A
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- film
- membrane
- cathode
- sulfonic acid
- Prior art date
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 hydroquinone ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Benzenediol Natural products OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RJWBTWIBUIGANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RJWBTWIBUIGANW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 60
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- MNURPFVONZPVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl MNURPFVONZPVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical group NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FOTNEEVHXTXVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FOTNEEVHXTXVFX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical group [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOCCENRVXBZUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C(C1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)O Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.C(C1=CC=C(C(=O)O)C=C1)(=O)O GOCCENRVXBZUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2243—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds obtained by introduction of active groups capable of ion-exchange into compounds of the type C08J5/2231
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. insitu polymerisation or insitu crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2333/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C08J2333/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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200935645 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種基於燃料電池科技之燃料電池或反應 器的質子傳導薄膜。 本發明也關於一種該質子傳導薄膜之製造方法。 本文中,陽極及陰極用語係用於相對應電極,也適用 於沒有電壓通過它們之時。 本文中之質子傳導薄膜意謂著具有在一侧接收質子/水 © 合氫離子(銼離子)並在另一側射出相對應質子數量之能力 之薄膜。當一質子由一侧進入該薄膜時,由另一側推出另 一質子。該薄膜進一步不會允許反向中之電子通過,也不 想要除了 h+/H3〇+以外的其它離子通過。 本文中之直接甲醇燃料(DMFC)電池進一步被理解為由 液態曱醇所驅動之燃料電池,燃料電池包括具有陽極及提 供該陽極反應之催化劑之陽極側、具有陰極及提供該陰極 反應之催化劑之陰極侧、以及分開該陽極及陰極側之中間 ❹薄膜。 【先前技術】 由直接甲醇所驅動之燃料電池先前已有所知,例如公 開 於 http ;//w ww.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/A 1 JJ 1 955/unrestricted/A.Hacquard.pdf 而由作者 Alexandre Hacquard所提之、改進及了解直接甲醇燃料電池(dmfc) 執行效率"(提交給 Worcester Polytechnic Institute 全體教 200935645 • 員之論文)論文中可見之。左, 在了取侍優勢中值得一提者有: 該燃料是液態因而可快速提供燃料,可為緊凑型設計之燃 料電池及該甲醇兩者可以低成本製造,以及該燃料電池可 設計提供於一些固定不動或移動/可擴式應肖巾。更進一 步,DMFC類型之燃料電池係對環境有益,只有水及二氧 化碳被排放;沒有硫或氮氧化物被形成。 在上述公開說明中,在所揭示燃料電池中之陽極及陰 極是由石墨所構成,且兩者分別在其一側上各自提供了通 © 道系統或雷同者’以在陽極上提供液態甲醇_水混合物並在 陰極上提供純氡或空氣氧之氧氣。在該陽極及該陰極間具 有質子傳導薄膜,而分別在該薄膜與該陽極間及在該薄膜 與該陰極間具有所謂的氣體擴散層。甚至,該些氣體擴散 層或在該陽極側之薄膜攜帶鉑及釕催化劑,而在該陰極侧 之氣體擴散層或薄膜僅攜帶鉑催化劑。該氣體擴散層由碳 布或後紙所構成。在該陽極侧上,該氣體擴散層接收伴隨 «亥甲醇在s亥陽極催化劑上氧化而形成之二氧化碳,並讓它 ❹ 擴散至形成二氡化碳泡泡所在之上方末端表面。在該陰極 側上’所供應之氧氣穿過該氣體擴散層,並與穿過該薄膜 之電子及質子起反應以形成水。類似用於由直接甲醇所驅 動之其它燃料電池中之薄膜,此處之薄膜由Nafi〇nTM所構 成’其為聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)類型之磺化聚合物。該些催化 劑係以具有微細粉狀催化劑顆粒及Nafi〇nTM溶液之有機溶 劑墨水形式來施加至該些氣體擴散層或該薄膜上,之後, S亥溶劑可被蒸發掉。其陳述具有有效運送質子至該薄膜之 7 200935645 "亥些備製之氣體擴散層更
NafionTM網路係重要的。因此, 進一步被充當電極來使用。 ❹ ❹ 然而’已顯* Nafi。,不具有想要的f醇阻抗,且曝 露於2 Μ (約6%濃度)甲醇時就開始溶解。甚至,已知之 DMFC類型之燃料電池因陽極處緩慢的子醇電化學氧化作 用而有太低的功率密度,且該甲醇已能夠遷移穿過該ρΕΜ 薄膜(聚合物電解質膜)而到達甲醇氧化所在的陰極。這個 結果不僅造成燃料損失,也造成在陰極所使用之鉑催化劑 被所形成之一氧化碳所污染,其導致效率降低。該些反應 的複雜程度使它難以得到令人滿意的產量。 美國專利第6,444,343號(Prakash等人)檢視在BN年 已開始被建議利用苯酚磺酸及曱醛之縮合來製造氫氣/氧氣 燃料電池用之一些不同聚合物電解質膜。對於這類燃料電 池内之薄膜而言,使用部分磺化的聚苯乙烯係可行的且 該些薄膜也可由具有惰性氟碳基材之交聯的笨乙烯-二乙稀 基苯共聚物接著進行磺化所製造或由沈,点,/5-三氟笨乙烯· 崎酸均聚合物所製造。考慮到所述之這類材料缺點,尤其 是關係到DMFC類型之燃料電池之使用,,343專利建議由 聚(偏二敦乙婦)惰性基材内之交聯的聚苯乙烯磺酸來製造 該薄膜。 【發明内容】 本發明目的係提供質子傳導薄膜,其不受DMFC電池 中之反應物所影響’且基本上不被除了質子/水合氫離子以 8 200935645 外的離子所滲透。 在引言中所述之薄膜中,該目的係藉由根據本發明由 續酸改質過之聚丙稀醯胺所構成之薄膜而達成。這類薄膜 不會受到DMFC電池中之反應物所攻擊,且磺酸具有低酸 鹼強度(pKa)以允許質子/水合氫離子移動穿透凝膠,同時 基本上阻止其它離子通過。 所有可麵接至酿胺態氮(amide nitrogen)之確酸皆可使 用,但是’例如1-氯四氟乙烯磺酸係昂貴的,且氣磺酸會 形成不完全穩定的產物。因此’該磺酸較佳地係由鄰氯苯 績酸所構成。 上述目的更進一步可由來自基於燃料電池科技之燃料 電池或反應器之磺酸改質過之聚合物之質子傳導薄膜之製 法而達成。根據本發明,於水中混合聚丙烯醯胺與鄰氯苯 磺酸,並於攪拌十加熱至沸點, 冷卻,並在該溶液到達室溫時, 空間配置之交互聯結劑,且藉逢 合作用,並在它已硬化之前對 ’之後,可讓該溶液慢慢地
9 200935645 做為一交互聯結劑之N,N,_曱基雙丙烯醯胺較佳地係 配合n,n,n’,n’-四甲基二胺搭配來使用,其會給予最終聚 合物穩定的空間配置;且使用做為啟始真正聚合作用之硬 化劑之過氧酸鹽,例如過碳酸鈉、過苯酸鈉等等,但較佳 地為過硫酸銨。 在添加該硬化劑後,該混合物被模塑,較佳地為當場 模塑,以在基於燃料電池科技的燃料電池或反應器内形成 ❹ 薄膜。可據以在該電池内當場進行之模塑可於約40秒之 短暫時間内完成。相較於在燃料電池或反應器内所建立之 個別製造的薄膜,本實施例導致改善之密封並消除薄膜於 安裝時損傷之風險,且相較於壓製情況,該催化劑會更好 好地 '、爬”(creep)入該薄膜璧内。 【實施方式】 以下,本發明將參考較佳實施例及附圖來更詳細說明。 ◎ 在圖1操作流程圖所示之DMFC類型之燃料電池單元 中,液態甲醇在燃料電池中被逐步氧化成二氧化碳及水。 所示燃料電池單元包括依流動方向串接之三燃料電池1、2 及3,以於三個獨立步驟中導引該逐步式氧化。每一個燃 料電池包括陽極11、陰極12及分隔陽極及陰極之薄膜13。 在該陽極側’甲醇在第一步驟中被氧化成曱醛,在第二步 驟中,所得之甲醛被氧化成甲酸’且在第三步驟中,所得 之甲酸被氧化成一氧化碳。在該陰極側,於每一步驟中新 鮮供應的過氧化氫被還原以形成水。不同步驟所供應之氧 10 200935645 化劑被適當地控制,以使該陽極及該陰極側之反應於每一 獨立步驟中係互為化學計量平衡。藉此,該些反應物可更 可靠地被提煉及控制,用以增加產量。 該三個燃料電池i、2及3也是電性串接。二電子係自 步驟1之陽極ηι,透過以燈泡形式顯示之負冑15,前進 至步驟3之陰極123;二電子係自步驟3之陽極A前進至 步驟2之陰極122;及二電子係自步驟2之陽極4前進至 ❹ 步驟1之陰極12丨。在所有三個電池】、2及3中,所形成 之質子/水合氫離子係自步驟1之陽極u,穿過該薄膜Η, 前進至陰極1 2。 圖2係根據圖i顯示電極"及12、中間薄臈13及流 動通道16《較佳配置之燃料電池單元之剖面圖。該些陽 極11、該些陰極12及該些薄骐13係由薄板或薄片所形:, 其:此間互相黏附以形成一封裝或反應堆。在傳統燃料電 池單疋中’言亥連結可為機械 <,例&未顯示之連接棒,或 ❹#代性地,例如使时樹脂類型之未顯示的適當黏膠來連 結,用以維持該些薄板/薄層在一起。在該薄臈13及該陽 極11之間及在該薄膜i3及該陰極12之間,安排表面結 構16以給予最佳液體流動而基本上經過整個薄板側。圖1 所,在該個別燃料電池卜2 & 3間之流動路線係由 於該薄板封裝/反應堆之流動連線所構成,也由圖2所示 外部定位之流動連線所構成β τ之 根據本發明,該薄膜13具優勢地是由磺酸改質過之聚 丙烯醯胺所構成,其允許質子/水合氫離子自該薄膜Η — 200935645 側遷移至另一側。出成缺& # 八物耨定… 過之聚丙烯醯胺不會對該聚 &成任何明顯程度的損毀;它會禁得起許多溶 劑及過氧化氫的攻擊。同蛑^ ^ 如高阻抗(對抗雷;、一供 ' ^ 電子)、咼質子滲透性及忍受高電壓能力之 有利特性。續酸呈右柄齡 、有低酸鹼強度以允許質子/水合氫離子移 動透過凝膠,而美太 土 阻止其匕離子通過。藉由續g曼處理 而得到質子傳導棲 又地 于得V溥膜,其在DMFc類型之電池中不會受到 該些反應物攻墼,日a ❹
少 擎且除了質子/水合氫離子以外之離子,基 本上係不可渗透。 可被輕接至醯胺態氮之所有續酸皆可使用,但是較佳 地該%酸係由鄰氯苯磺酸所構成。例如,卜氯四氟乙烯 績酸係吊貴的,且氣確酸會形成不完全敎的產物。甚至, 由石黃酸改質過之聚丙稀醯胺基本上會阻止例如甲醇之其它 離子及刀子通過,且不導電,其意謂著來自陰極U之電 子不月t·穿過薄冑13到達陽極n。有鑑於此,不會發生甲 醇自該陽極11明顯遷移至該陰極i 2的情形,其意謂著沒 有因甲醇遷移所產生之明顯的燃料損&,且沒有_氧化碳 形成於忒陰極12上,否則就可能降低在那裡所選用之鉑 催化劑之效率。 在圖2所示較佳實施例中,該陽極n及該陰極12具 有小於1毫米的厚度;而該薄膜13 I有小力5毫米的厚 度,較佳地為3毫米大小。該陽極u及該陰極12具有一 平坦側,且使實質流過整個薄板侧之液體流動最佳化之表 面結構16乃安排在該陽極u及該陰極12上而該中間 12 200935645 -薄膜13兩側係平坦的。在圖1所示燃料電池單元中之電 池1内之陰極1 2丨之平坦側係接著與電池2内之陽極i、 之平坦側相鄰相接,並依此類推。自然地,電池丨内之陰 極與電池2内之陽極lla例如可由在一或兩側上具: 該表面16之單一薄板所構成。 合適地,該陽極U及該陰極12係由例如不鏽鋼之導 電且對該些反應物具抵抗力之材料之薄金屬層所構成,薄 金屬層具有自0·6毫米向下至0.1毫米大小之厚度,較佳 地為0.3毫米。該陽極n及該陰極12中之表面結構可由 波狀剖面之通道16所構成。合適地,該些通道16具有自 2毫米向上至3毫米大小之寬度及自〇 5毫米向下至〇 〇5 耄米大小之深度。該陽極及陰極薄板丨丨、12中之表面結 構16較佳地係由隔熱成形技術(又稱高衝擊成形技術)所製 造。一種這類成形技術範例揭示於美國專利第6821471號 中。 ; ◎ 在該薄膜13及該陽極丨丨之間及在該薄膜13及該陰極 12之間,具有薄的、多孔催化劑載體14,較佳地為碳纖 維毛氈形式,其塗覆了適用於該電池内所要反應之催化 劑。以此方式,建構有一平坦側及帶有表面結構之另一側 之相同薄層形狀的電極之燃料電池丨、2、3之緊凑型反應 堆係容易的,藉此可得到高功率密度。 圖3及4顯示一些使基本上流過整個薄板側之液體流 動最佳化之不同表面結構或流動圖案。在圖3中,平行通 道16不斷地被橫向貫穿,使該整個表面結構由安排成方 13 200935645 格圖案之肩狀物所構成 進之彎曲狀…。在包含二4顯示也可使用平行前 .你 匕3不冋之可行的流動路徑之所有 二口— 的薄板或薄片,但也可:::::塑’以形成帶有平坦側 工士十 了以在賦予表面結構16於一或二側 的杈子中來模塑薄膜13。 塑之後才安褒於電池中。缺而兩情形中,薄膜皆是在模 有於安裝在電池時丄方式所製造的薄膜會 、風險,且易發生和電極之間密封 的問過。 在本發明一較佳實施例中,該薄膜U係據此藉由在該 電池内之陽極11及陰極12間之當場模塑來製造。這個詳 細顯示於圖5中,盆作#兩丄 ^ ,、係為了在該電極11及該電極12間進 行薄膜之當場模塑所備製之燃料電池單元内一電池之簡化
剖面圖。《了更佳說明本發明,以高度誇張的厚度緣製該 些電極U、12及要模塑薄膜13之中間空間。在所示的燃 料電池單元内之電池中’在該二電極η、12纟此面對面 並面對該薄膜空間之側係具備有通道形式之表面結構16。 多孔催化劑載體14緊靠在該二電極η、12知分別具有該 表面結構16之相對應側,多孔催化劑載體14較佳地為碳 纖維毛氈形式,其塗覆了提供該電池内想要反應最佳化之 催化劑。 在該陽極11及該陰極12之間及與其接觸的密封中, 每一個電池内安排有開口向上、基本上為U形之間隔架 17 ’其具有用以定義欲當場模塑於該電池内之薄膜13厚 14 200935645 度之尽度。該間隔架17之材料可撰自,, ^ ^ L 利竹』選自一些不同材料,但 Μ地係使用聚丙烯酸酯。形成該燃料電池單元的之 電極堆"、12及間隔架17可經膠黏而黏接在—起、在 圖5所示實施例中係使用四個插栓18(其中二個被顯示), 該些電極薄板的每一個角落使用一 因此,—空間被形 成於,池内之二催化劑載體14之間,該空間係、斜向一邊, 並由該間隔架17界定深度且係向上開口,而該薄膜㈣ 被模塑於其中。
為了製造該薄膜13,將丙烯醯胺與磺酸混合,之後, 藉由添加交互聯結劑,且添加硬化劑來啟始真正聚合作 用,而所得混合物被當場模塑以在該陽極及該陰極丨丨^ Η 間之開口向上空間内形成薄膜。 續酸具有低酸驗強度以允許質子/水合氫離子移動透過 凝膠’而基本上阻止其它離子通過。可被㈣至醢胺態說 之所有確酸皆可使用’但是較佳地’該姐係由鄰氯苯續 酸所構成。例如,1-氣四氟乙烯磺酸係昂責的,而氣磺酸 會形成不完全穩定的產物。 該製法較佳地包括使用鄰氯苯磺酸做為磺酸。該丙烯 酿胺與鄰氣苯績酸係混合於水中,並於攪動中被加熱至沸 點,之後,讓該溶液慢慢地冷卻,並在該溶液到達室溫時 添加交互聯結劑。然而,若想要,該交互聯結劑也可早點 添加。該鄰氯苯磺酸改質過之聚丙烯醯胺解決了較高含量 之甲醇會攻擊其它聚合材料薄膜及甲醇遷移穿過該薄^因 而減少該電池效率的問題。若在該薄膜另一側上具有液 15 200935645 體,如同在DMFC類型之電池中一般,幾乎完全地消除曱 醇自發性擴散通過該改質過之聚丙烯醯胺薄膜,其意謂著 本類型薄臈係特別適合用於在電池兩半邊具有液體之電池 中。更進一步’購買丙烯醯胺係便宜的。 做為—交互聯結劑之N,N,-曱基雙丙烯醯胺較佳地係 配合N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二胺搭配來使用,其會給予最終聚 合物穩定的空間配置;且使用做為啟始真正聚合作用之硬 化之過氣酸鹽,例如過碳酸納、過苯酸納等等,但較佳 地為過硫酸銨。 在添加該硬化劑後,該混合物被模塑,較佳地為當場 模塑’以在基於燃料電池科技的該燃料電池或該反應器内 形成薄膜。據以在該電池内當場進行之模塑係於約4〇秒 之知·暫時間内完成。相較於裝進燃料電池或反應器内之預 製薄膜’本實施例產生改善的密封並消除安裝薄膜時造成 損傷風險之結果,且相較於壓製情況,該催化劑會更好好 地、、爬"入該薄膜璧内。 最佳化圖1所示曱酵驅動式燃料電池單元之催化劑會 產生例如以下結果:由60-94%銀、5-30%碲及/或釕、及1_ 10%鉑單獨或結合金及/或二氧化鈦而形成第催化劑,較佳 地以90:9:1比例用於反應: CH3OH ^ HCHO + 2H+ + 2e' (a) 二氧化矽及二氧化鈦結合銀用於反應·· HCHO + H20 ㈠ HCOOH + 2H+ + 2e. (b) 銀單獨或結合二氧化鈦及/或碲用於反應: 16 200935645 HCOOH ㈠ C〇2 + 2H+ + 2e- (c) 接著由例如碳粉(碳黑)、蔥醌及銀及酚樹脂形成第二催化 劑以用於反應: H2〇2 + 2H+ + 2e_ ㈠ 2H20 (d) 如上述’用於該第二步驟之最佳化催化劑係適合由二 氧化石夕、一氧化鈦及銀所構成。 蒽酿^化學品CAS第84-65-1號)係結晶粉末,其具有 2 86 C溶點’且不溶於水及酒精但溶於硝基苯及苯胺。該 催化劑可藉由混合碳粉(碳黑)、蔥醌及銀與例如酚樹脂而 付’之後’將之模塑及硬化。接著將該模塑產物自支架中 釋出、壓碎並精磨成粉末’之後,所得粉末混入合適溶劑 而成泥漿並施用於需要的地方,之後,該溶劑可被揮發掉。 範例 將8克丙烯醯胺與2克鄰氣苯磺酸(p_CBSA)於8〇毫 升水中混合,並於攪拌中在電板上加熱至沸點,之後,在 ◎ 该電板上慢慢地冷卻該溶液。藉此,透過該丙烯醯胺中之 醯胺態氮而於丙烯醯胺及鄰氣苯磺酸之間形成耦接產物, 且氯化氫同時被形成,其於沸騰時被排除。當該溶液達到 至日7本例中添加2克N,N’ -甲基雙丙烯酿胺結合〇.5毫 4 N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二胺之交互聯結劑,其給予最終聚合 物穩定結構。為了模塑薄膜,所得產物之四分之一被提取, 並且本例中之真正聚合作用係由過硫酸銨之過氧酸鹽所啟 始,其量只需一小鏟的尖端係足夠的。該聚合作用始於4〇 秒後,其意謂著有許多時Γβ1可將該產物轉移到已組合之燃 17 200935645 料電池,其中,該些薄膜之模塑發生於垂直位置中。模塑 於該燃料電池内之薄膜顯示具有無缺點的密封。相較於壓 製情況’同時也顯示該催化劑更好好地、、爬入該薄膜璧 内,而沒有損傷該薄膜。 當場模塑薄膜在DMFC類型之電池中具有優良功能。 該薄膜不會被甲醇溶解,該功率密度係高的,且沒有因曱 醇遷移穿過該薄膜所產生之燃料損失問題,其意謂著高效 率被維持且該產量係令人滿意的。 雖然本發明已參考圖式所示之較佳實施例描述於上, 但明顯的,熟知此項技術且沒有加入任何發明創作工夫之 人士可提供一些本發明落在所附申請專利範圍之範圍内之 修改。若想要,合適催化劑可例如於該模塑之前被整合至 該薄膜材料中;且當使用預製的層或板狀薄膜時可在一 或兩側上提供流動通道或對應之表面結構。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係顯示DMFC類型之燃料電池之操作流程圖,其 中,液態甲醇在燃料電池中被逐步氧化以形成二氧化碳及 水。 圖2係根據圖!顯示電極、中間薄膜及流動通道之較 佳配置之燃料電池單元之剖面圖。 圖3、4係該些反應物可被導引於每一個單元内之一些 不同流動圊案之平面圖。 一 圖5係為了在該些電極間進行質子傳導薄膜之模塑所 200935645 • 備製之電池的簡化刮面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1、2、3 燃料電池 11、1L、112、113 陽極 12 、 % 、 122 、 123 陰極 13 薄膜 14 催化劑載體 15 負載 16 流動通道(表面結構) 17 間隔架 18 插栓 19
Claims (1)
- 200935645 十、申請專利範圓: L —種基於燃料電池科技之燃料電池或反應器之質子 傳導薄膜(13)’該薄膜(13)由磺酸改質過之聚丙烯醯胺之薄 層所構成,其允許質子/水合氫離子自該薄膜一側遷移至另 一側,且特徵在於該續酸係鄰氣苯續酸。 2-根據申請專利範圍第丨項之薄膜,其特徵在於該磺 酸改質過之聚丙烯醯胺薄膜(13)被當場模塑於基於燃料電 池科技之燃料電池或反應器内。 〇 3. 一種由磺酸改質過之聚合物來製造基於燃料電池科 技之燃料電池或反應器之質子傳導薄膜(13)之方法,其特 徵在於: -於水中混合丙烯醯胺與鄰氯苯磺酸,並於攪拌中將 之加熱至沸點,之後,讓該溶液慢慢地冷卻, -在該溶液到達室溫時添加交互聯結劑,該交互聯結 劑給予最終聚合物穩定的空間配置, -真正聚合作用係由添加硬化劑所啟始,及 © -所得混合物在它已硬化前被模塑以形成薄膜(13)。 4.根據申6青專利範圍第3項之方法,其特徵在於使用 N,N’-曱基雙丙烯醯胺結合n,N,N’,N,-四甲基二胺做為該交 互聯結劑。 5 ·根據申3青專利範圍第3或4項之方法,其特徵在於 使用過氧酸鹽做為該硬化劑。 6 ·根據申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其特徵在於該過 氧酸鹽係過硫酸銨。 20 200935645 • 7.根據申請專利範圍第3或4項之方法,其特徵在於 添加該硬化劑之後,該混合物被當場模塑,以在基於燃料 電池科技之燃料電池或反應器内之陽極(11)及陰極(12)之間 形成薄膜(13)。 8.根據申請專利範圍第5項之方法,其特徵在於添加 s亥硬化劑之後,該混合物被當場模塑,以在基於燃料電池 科技之燃料電池或反應器内之陽極(11)及陰極(12)之間形成 薄膜(13)。 ® 9.根據申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其特徵在於添加 該硬化劑之後,該混合物被當場模塑,以在基於燃料電池 科技之燃料電池或反應器内之陽極(11)及陰極(12)之間形成 薄膜(13)。 十一、圈式: 如次頁 〇 21
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