TW200815670A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200815670A
TW200815670A TW096123043A TW96123043A TW200815670A TW 200815670 A TW200815670 A TW 200815670A TW 096123043 A TW096123043 A TW 096123043A TW 96123043 A TW96123043 A TW 96123043A TW 200815670 A TW200815670 A TW 200815670A
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Taiwan
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internal combustion
combustion engine
cylinder
hollow cylinder
casing
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TW096123043A
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English (en)
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TWI387681B (zh
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Gerhard Figl
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Gerhard Figl
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18Other cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047Camshafts
    • F01L1/053Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L1/0532Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/08Shape of cams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0206Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0257Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248Injectors
    • F02M21/0275Injectors for in-cylinder direct injection, e.g. injector combined with spark plug
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Description

200815670 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係一種具有至少一個活塞式 【先前技術】 在內燃機之汽缸的燃燒室內燃燒的 生物燃料、固態燃料、或是氣態燃料, 負荷的有害物質,例如氮氧化物(N〇x)、 煤灰或是灰塵粒子。 【發明內容】 本發明的目的是要避免上述缺點,虫 合乎環保要求的方式運轉的內燃機。本蔡 徵爲具有一個裝有雙氣體噴射器之機殼, 個將氫氣及氧氣分別輸入活塞式汽缸之烧 口,以及兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電蠢 的噴嘴針,燃燒室具有一個將燃燒產物每 時一個熱分解觸媒轉化器構成燃燒室外蹇 媒轉化器具有兩個將一空隙圍住且彼此圈 心的空心圓柱體,其中空心圓柱體與這個 具有一個能夠將流向位於內側之空心圓柏 的金屬層,同時位於外側之空心圓柱體奏 的進料口、一個用於排出爆衝氣體的排_ 於控制進水的溫度感測器。 最好能夠以一個受雙作用凸輪軸控 室的排氣口封閉住。 :缸的內燃機。 :論是化石燃料、 ^會產生造成環境 二氧化碳(co2)、 〔提出一種能夠以 ^明之內燃機的特 且此機殼具有兩 P燒室之用的進氣 j進氣閥及其所屬 ^出的排氣口,同 $,這個熱分解觸 Ϊ隔一定距離且同 3空隙相鄰的內壁 ΐ體的燃燒熱排出 !:有一個用於進水 I 口、以及一個用 |J之彈簧閥將燃燒 200815670 本發明的另外一個特徵是機殼的兩個進氣口分別具有 一個線圈、一個電樞、以及一個壓縮彈簧。 本發明的另外一個特徵是彈簧閥在活塞位置從下止點 到很接近上止點之間打開約1 60度。 【實施方式】 以下以一個實施例並配合圖式對本發明的內容做進一 步的說明。第1圖:本發明之具有雙氣體噴射器及一個熱 分解觸媒轉化器之內燃機的一個部分斷面示意圖。第2 圖:雙氣體噴射器之細部示意圖。第3圖:整個內燃機的 示意圖。 從第1圖及第2圖可以看出,本發明之內燃機具有至 少一個活塞式汽缸(1)及一個裝有雙氣體噴射器(2)的機殻 (3),且機殼(3)具有兩個將作爲燃料用的氫氣(H2)及氧氣 (〇2)以2: 1的比例分別輸入燃燒室(5)之用的進氣口(4), 這個過程是由兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電動進氣閥(6) 經由兩個設置在機殼內彼此間隔一定距離的噴嘴針(7)依 據需求精確地控制燃料的輸入。兩個進氣閥(6)各具有一個 線圈(8)、一個電樞(9)、以及一個壓縮彈簧(1〇)。 由於氧氣和氫氣之間的反應不需要任何空氣,因此本 發明之內燃機並沒有任何空氣進氣口。 由於在起動過程中不會有任何推動力,因此第3圖顯 示的曲軸(1 1)是被一個未在圖式中繪出的電動起動器驅 動,當活塞位置快要到達上止點時,雙氣體噴射器(2)會將 氫氣及氧氣導入汽缸(1 )的燃燒室(5 )內。在冷起動階段是利 200815670 用外源點火(例如點火火花或一根加熱棒)將輸入的以2 : 1 的比例混合的氫氣-氧氣混合氣體(爆衝氣體)點燃。當燃燒 室溫度穩定的達到約7001時,外源點火就會被撤除,並 調整成由一個事先設定之活塞位置自動點火的方式。在接 下來的工作衝程中,混合氣體會以最高達3 0 〇 0 X:的溫度燃 燒,並產生水分子,同時因高溫而使壓力及體積變大的混 合氣體會將活塞(12)推動到汽缸(1)的下止點。與曲軸(11) 連接的擺動荷載(13)會將活塞(12)帶到上止點,在活塞位置 從下止點到很接近上止點之間,一個位置在汽缸頭(14)上 的排氣口(15)會被一個受雙作用凸輪軸(16)控制之彈簧閥 (17)打開約1 60度,並將水分子排放到一個廢氣水槽(1 8)。 在廢氣水槽(1 8)中收集到的水分子會被引導到一個純水水 槽(1 9),然後再被送到構成內燃機之燃燒室外殻的熱分解 觸媒轉化器(20),以便將水分子熱分解成氫氣和氧氣。接 著所產生的氫氣/氧氣混合氣體會被引導到一個冷卻水裝 置(2 1 ),以便將混合氣體中所含的少量水蒸汽冷凝成水。 接著將純的氫氣/氧氣混合物氣體引導到一個氣體分離裝 置(2 2),以便將氫氣從氧氣中分離出來。接著將分離出來 的氣體送到一個高壓壓縮機(2 3)中壓縮,然後儲存在儲存 裝置(24)中,以便再度被送到內燃機中作爲燃料。 熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)具有兩個同心且彼此間隔一段 距離(最好是1 mm至2 mm)的空心圓柱體(25,26)。空心 圓柱體(25,26)將一個空隙(27)圍住,空隙(27)具有一個最 好是由鈾、鈀、銥、餓、铑、或是其他類似金屬構成的金 200815670 屬層(2 8)。位於外側的空心圓柱體(2 6)在靠近底部的位置具 有一個讓水流入用的徑向伸出的進水口(2 9)’以及在靠近 頂部的位置具有一個將爆衝氣體排放到冷卻水裝置(21)用 的徑向伸出的排氣口(3〇)。在位於內側之空心圓柱體(25) 的燃燒室(5)內燃燒的燃料產生的熱會將位於內側之空心 圓柱體(25)的由鉑構成的金屬層(28)加熱到約1 200°C而達 到熾熱狀態。經由進水口(2 9)流入空隙(27)的水會被熾熱的 空心圓柱體(25,26)直接加熱成過熱的水蒸汽(2 H20),同 時水蒸汽及由鉑構成的金屬層(2 8)之間的交互作用會將過 熱的水蒸汽分子熱分解成Η : Ο的體積比爲2 : 1的爆衝氣 體(2Η2 + 02),也就是一種由氣態氫(2Η2)及氣態氧(02)組成 的混合氣體。設置在排出氣口(30)之前的溫度感測器(31) . •’ 會控制水的流入量,使所產生的過熱水蒸汽將熾熱的金屬 層(28)的溫度維持在一個理想的數値(約1 200°C)。 由於不需要本身的進氣衝程及壓縮衝程,因此本發明 之內燃機可以用四衝程及二衝程的方式運轉。因此在運轉 過程中,每一個汽缸的點火角度都可以從720度轉換成360 度’也就是說可以在沒有延遲的情況下提升內燃機的效率。 本發明的優點是不會產生如氮氧化物(NO x)、二氧化碳 (C02)、煤灰或是灰塵粒子之類的有害物質,因此不會造成 環境負荷。 當然’本發明之可能的實施方式絕非僅限於前面描述 的實施方式,而是可以依據本發明的基本構想加以變化。 例如可以將內燃燒製作成一種回轉活塞式的內燃機。 200815670 【圖示簡單說明】 第1圖 本發明之具有雙氣體噴射器及一個熱分解觸 媒轉化器之內燃機的一個部分斷面示意圖。 第2圖 雙氣體噴射器之細部示意圖。 第3圖 整個內燃機的示意圖。 【元件符號說明】
1 活塞式汽缸 2 雙氣體噴射器 3 機殼 4 進氣口 5 燃燒室 6 進氣閥 7 噴嘴針 8 線圈 9 電樞 10 壓縮彈簧 11 曲軸 12 活塞 1 3 擺動荷載 14 汽缸頭 15 排氣口 16 凸輪軸 17 彈簧閥 18 廢氣水槽 -1 0 - 200815670 19 純 水 水 槽 20 熱 分 解 觸 媒 轉化器 2 1 冷 卻 水 裝 置 22 氣 體 分 離 裝 置 23 高 壓 壓 縮 機 24 儲 存 裝 置 25,26· 空 心 圓 柱 體 2 7 空 隙 28 金 屬 層 2 9 進 水 □ 30 排 氣 □ 3 1 溫 度 感 測 器
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Claims (1)

  1. 200815670 十、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種具有至少一個活塞式汽缸的內燃機,其特徵爲:具 有一個裝有雙氣體噴射器(2)之機殻(3),且機殼(3)具有兩 個將氫氣及氧氣分別輸入活塞式汽缸(1)之燃燒室(5)之 用的進氣口(4),以及兩個壓力控制及時間控制之電動進 氣閥(6)及其所屬的噴嘴針(7),燃燒室(5)具有一個將燃燒 產物排出的排氣口(15),同時一個熱分解觸媒轉化器(20) 構成燃燒室外殼,熱分解觸媒轉化器(20)具有兩個將空隙 (2 7)圍住且彼此間隔一定距離且同心的空心圓柱體(25, 26),其中空心圓柱體(25,26)與空隙(27)相鄰的內壁具 有一個能夠將流向位於內側之空心圓柱體(25)之燃燒熱 排出的金屬層(28),位於外側之空心圓柱體(2 6)具有一個 用於進水的進水口(2 9)、一個用於排出爆衝氣體的排氣口 (3 0)、以及一個用於控制進水的溫度感測器(3 1)。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的內燃機,其特徵爲:能夠以一 個受雙作用凸輪軸(16)控制之彈簧閥(17)將燃燒室的排 氣口( 1 5 )封閉住。 3 .如申請專利範圍第1項及第2的內燃機,其特徵爲:機 : . 殼(3)的兩個進氣口(6)分別具有一個線圈(8)、一個電樞 … r * - · -(9)、以及一個壓縮彈簧(1〇)。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中任一項的內燃機,其 . 』 . , ' 特徵爲:彈簧閥(17)在活塞位置從下止點到很接近上止點 之間打開約1 6 0度。 , . » .. ' 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項的內燃機,其 -12· 200815670 特徵爲:不具有空氣 6 .如申請專利範圍第1 特徵爲:以四衝程或 角度爲720度或320 進氣口。 項至第5項中任一項的內燃機,其 二衝程運轉時,每一個汽缸的點火 度。
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