TW200805959A - Reduced complexity sliding window based equalizer - Google Patents
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- TW200805959A TW200805959A TW096106567A TW96106567A TW200805959A TW 200805959 A TW200805959 A TW 200805959A TW 096106567 A TW096106567 A TW 096106567A TW 96106567 A TW96106567 A TW 96106567A TW 200805959 A TW200805959 A TW 200805959A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7073—Synchronisation aspects
- H04B1/7085—Synchronisation aspects using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
- H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception
- H04L25/03057—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception with a recursive structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L25/03178—Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques
- H04L25/03248—Arrangements for operating in conjunction with other apparatus
- H04L25/03292—Arrangements for operating in conjunction with other apparatus with channel estimation circuitry
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L2025/03592—Adaptation methods
- H04L2025/03598—Algorithms
- H04L2025/03605—Block algorithms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0212—Channel estimation of impulse response
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
- H04L25/0242—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using matrix methods
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Description
200805959 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於一般無線通訊系統。特別是,本發明關於此 系統中之數據偵測。 【先前技街】 因為增加改良的接收器性能需求,許多高級接收器使用 zero forcing (ZF)區塊線性等化器以及最小均方差(MMSE) 等化器。 在這兩種方法中,接收訊號係典型地以依照一等式1為模 型0 r係接收向量,包含接收訊號之樣品。H為頻道反應矩陣。 D係數據向量。在延展光譜系統中,例如分碼多重存取 (CDMA)系統中,d係延展數據向量。在CDMA系統中,
每-個別職碼的數據細絲碼來非延展估計數據向量d 而被產生。η為雜訊向量。 在ZF區塊線性等化器中,數據向量被估計,例如依昭 一等式2〇 … d = {H)-lr / \ ^ 專式2 (· )H係複雜共軛移項(或H_etiai〇操作。在一施舰 區塊線性等化ϋ巾,數_量係被估計,例如依照—等式a。 d = {hhH -f σ*2/^'1 γ ' 等式3 5 200805959 在無線頻道經驗多路徑增值中,為了使用這些方法準確偵 測數據需要一極大數量的接收樣品被使用。降低複雜性之一方 法係為一滑窗方法。在滑窗方法中,接收樣品之一預先決定的 視窗以及頻道反應係被使用於數據偵測中。在初始偵測之後, 視窗係滑下到一隔壁的樣品。此處理繼續直到通訊停止。 藉由不使用一極大量的樣品,一誤差係被導入數據偵測 中。誤差在視®開始以及終止係最顯著的,該處極大序列之有 效截短的部分具有最大作用。降低這些誤差的一個方法係使用 一大視窗尺寸以及截短在視窗開始以及結束之結果。視窗被截 短的部分係被決定於先前或接下來的視窗中。此方法具有相當 的複雜性。大視窗尺寸導致使用於數據估計之矩陣以及向量之 大尺寸。此外,此方法藉由在視窗開始以及結束偵測數據係不 為計算有效的且接著丟棄該數據。 據此,想要有可供選擇的數據偵測方法。 【發明内容】 數據估計係被執行於一無線通訊系統中。一接收向量係被 產生。以使用於估計接收向量之一所欲部分的數據,一頻道估 計矩陣之一過去,一中心以及一未來部分係被決定。過去部分 與接收訊號之一部份優先於數據所欲部分關聯。未來部分與接 收向量之一部份在數據所欲部分之後關聯以及中心部分與接 收向量關聯所欲部分之一部份關聯。數據所欲部分係被估計無 6 200805959 有效截短的偵測數據。估計數據的所欲部分使用一最小均方差 决异法具有頻道估計矩陣之中心部分之輸入以及接收向量之 一部份。頻道估計矩陣之過去以及未來部分係被使用以校正係 數於最小均方差演算法中。 【實施方式】 此後,一無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU)包含但不侷限於 一使用者裝置,行動基地,固定或行動無線電話單元,呼叫器, 或者任何類型的裝置可以操作於一無線環境中。當參考此後, 一基地台包含但不限制於一 N〇de_B,位置控制器,存取點或 任何其他類型的介面裝置於一無線環境中。 雖然降低複雜性滑窗等化器係被描述與一較佳無線分碼 多重存取通訊系統有關,例如CDMA2〇〇〇以及全球行動陸地 系統(UMTS)分頻雙工(FDD),時間分割雙工(tdd)模 式以及時間分綱步CDMA(TD_SCDMA),其可被使用於多 種通祕統且,制是,不同的無線通訊系統。在—無線通訊 系統中,其可被使用傳輪接收藉由一 WTRU從一基地台,藉 由-基地自從-個或乡個WTRUs減或者藉由—個術肪 從另外的WTRU接收’例如在id hoe模式的操作中。 下列文中描述—降低複雜性滑窗之方法基於使用-較佳 的MMSE凉异法之等化器。然而,其他演算法可被使用,例 如一 zero fbrcing演算法。係為一頻道之脈衝反應。雄)係為 7 200805959 個傳輸樣品,其係被展[符號使用—展開密碼所產生。 /、’、為曰曰片的總和,其藉由展開一組符號使用一組的密,產 生例如舉行岔碼。r(·)係接收訊號。系統的模型可如依昭〜 式4所表達。 ^
-00 < r < 00 r\ 專式4 外係附加的雜訊以及干擾(胞元内以及胞元間)之總和。 為了簡化,下列文中係被描述假設晶片速率採樣係被使用於接 收器:軸其他採樣速率可能被使用,例如晶片速率之一倍 數。採樣接收訊號可被表示如依照一等式5。 00 r(j) = Σ/^My ~ k)+n(j) = ^k)h(k)+ n{j) k--co ^係被停止以簡化標記。 等式5
假設咐)具有—祕社持且_私_。此表示在分 離時間範圍中,指數L存在吣)=0而/<〇且^ 此。結果,等式5 可被重新寫成等式6。
r(j) = Σh(k)d(j ~ ^)+ n{j) k=Q J e {.··,-2,-1,〇山2,··.} 考慮接收訊號具有Μ接收訊號K〇), 等式7。 等式6 咖―,結果為 r = Hd + η 其中, r = [r(0),.",r(M-l)]reCM, 8 200805959 i),斗z+2),,·),冲),,咖—颂、。佩=1 ” =Μ〇),··.,Φ/ e Η h) h(JL 〜2)… ° h(L-l)h(L-2) /2(0) 0 ... h{\) h(0) 〇 e 0 • · · · l h(L-2)…//⑴/2(0) 等式7 、向^ d之部分可使用一趨近等式被決定。假設且定 義# =从4 + 1,向量d係依照—等式8。
^d{-L + 2),...,^(-1),^(〇)9^(i)5 ^ _ lld(Nl...,d(N + L- 2)f ^ C 等式) 專式7中的Η矩陣為一有帶矩陣,其可被表示如圖一2 圖不。在圖一中,在陰影區域的每一列代表向1 [(”雄〜2),“屬,_],如等式7中所示。 代替估計所有的元件於d中,僅有d之中間Ν元件被不 口十3係為中間Ν元件如依照一等式9所示。 等式 9 使用相同觀察資料於r,一趨近線性關係於r以及^之严t 為依照等式10。 r—-『“n 等式1( 矩陣//可被表示如圖示於圖二中或如依照等式U。 200805959 "Κ〇) 0 · . -1 h(l) H〇) · * m · • 0 KL-l) • _ 0 h(L -1) · 0 · • ΚΙ) 嫌 • · 奢 .· KL-l) 專式11
如所示,r的第一 L-1以及最後的L-1元件係不相等於等 式10右手邊的數。結果,在向量3兩端的元件將比那些靠近 中心的元件較不精確地被估計。因為此特性,一滑窗方法係較 佳地使用以估計傳輸樣品,例如晶片。 在每一個,滑窗方法之第k步驟中,一可靠數量的接收樣 品係維持在〃㈨中具有尺寸Ν+Ι^。他們係被使用以估計一組 傳輸數據具有尺寸N使用等式1〇。在向量被估計之
A 後,僅有被估計向量之中間部分被使用於進一步的數據處 理,例如藉由降低延展。之,,較低,,部分(或時間部分較晚 的)在滑窗程序之下一步中係再次被估計,其中啦+ 1]具有元 件啦]的一些以及一些新接收樣品,即其係啦]之一偏移(滑) 的方式。 雖然,較佳地,視窗尺寸N以及滑步尺核設計參數,(基 於延遲頻這(L)的延展,數據估計的準確性要求以及方法複 雜限制),下列文中使用斥窗尺寸之等幻2來說明,
N = 4NS X SF 等式12 SF係延展係數。典型的視窗尺寸為$到倍大於頻道脈 200805959 衝反應,雖然其他尺寸可能被使用。 滑步尺寸基於等式12之視窗尺寸係,較佳地,為XaSF。 v s Λ^{1,2,···}係,較佳地,留作為一設計參數。此外,在每一滑步 中送到p奢低延展裔之估計晶片係為MW元件於估計的細 之中間。此步驟係被說明於圖三中。 /數據_之—演算法使用-MMSE演算具有模型誤差 校正使用-滑窗基礎的方法以及等式ig之系統模型。 因為近似值,數據的估計,例如晶片,具有誤差,特別地, 在母一滑步中(開始與結 差,Η矩陣再料、… 據向i的兩端。為了校正此誤 13 (步驟5〇)。 為—區塊列矩陣,如依照等式 H^Hp\H\Hf] 等式13 而”f,代表,,未來,,。#係如依照 下標符號,,P”代表,,過去,,, 等式H)。%如等式14。 咐一1)咐〜2) .••劬 • KL^l) ... 0 KL-X) … 0 二 \ 等式14
Hf如等式15 … 0 200805959 Η, 0 • · … 0 0 •. … 0 m 0 • ·. 〇 ·. 〇 h(L - 3) … . U h(0) 0 h(L — 2) h{L — 3) …h(0) G C(N+L-l)x(L-l) 等式15 向置d係亦被劃分成區塊如等式16 ◦ 等式16 d = [dTp\dT\dTf]r 3係與等式8相同且dp係如等式17。 等式17 dp = [d(-L -f l)d(-L + 2) - - * d(-l)]T g CL~l 心係如等式18。 等式18 4 = +1)…+ Z - 2):f e CL_1 原來的系統模型係接著如等式19以及如圖四中所示。 r - Hpdp + Hd + Hfdf + n 等式 19 一方法以等式19為模型係如等式20。 r=Hd+nx 其中且6二心心+” 等式20 使用一 MMSE演算法,估計數據向量乏係如等式21所示。 d = g^H(gdHHH ^Tlr 等式 21 在等式21中,〜係為晶片能量如等式22。 E{d{i)d (7)} = Sd^ij 筹;式 22 旁係如等式23。 r=r-Hpdp 等式23 12 200805959
cL ’係根據先前滑窗步驟f之估計部分。Σ♦之 η係未互相關聯 關聯矩陣’即,一卿Λ。如假設%以及 等式24造成。 =gd^fHf ^E{nnH} d 等式24 遲橫跨L)以及 的可信度依賴於滑窗尺寸(關於頻道延 滑步尺寸。
此方法亦被^ 4 __五之流_以及圖六之較佳的接 wtru或基地台巾。圖六的電路 可被執行於-單-積體電路⑽上,例如—應用特殊積體電 路(ASIC),於多 iC 卜,、 上,如分離組件或如一 1C以及分離組件 之組合。 打V貝返估找置20處理接收向量r產生頻道估計矩陣部 ^ 〜以及,’(步驟50),一未來雜訊自動關聯裝置24決 定-未來雜訊自動關聯係數,,(步驟52)。_雜訊自 動關%裝置22決定—雜訊自動關聯係數,咖//},(步驟54)。 、心和汁异态26計算兩係數之總和以產生Σι,(步驟%)。 H k去輪入校正裝置28取頻道反應矩陣之過去部分, 以及數據向量\一過去被決定的部分,來產生一過去校
=係數’从,(步驟58)。—減算器3()從接收向量減去過去 六系數產生一才父正的接收向量,f,(步驟60) 〇 — MMSE 衣置34使用Σι,#以及#決定接收數據向量中心部分3,如等 13 200805959 式21 (步驟62)。下一個視窗係以相同方法被決定,使用乏之 一部份作為之於下一個視窗決定中,(步驟64)。如說明於此 方法中,僅感興趣的部分之數據,3,被決定降低包含在數據 偵測以及數據向量不欲的部份之截短中的複雜性。 在另一個方法的數據偵測中,僅有雜訊被校正。在此步驟 中’系統模型係如等式25。 r=zHd~^2,矣^\=HPdP+Hfdf +n 等式 25
使用一 MMSE演算,被估計的數據向量乏係如等式26所 示。
A ^^SdHH{gdHHH ^Σ2)~λΓ 等式26 假設从,^以及η係不互相關聯,等式27造成。 Σι^8,ΗρΗ; ^gdHfHHf ^E{nnH} 等式27 "為了降低使料式27解等式26之複雜性,i/χ以及 ’之70全轉乘法係不需要,因為僅上方以及下方角落 的^以及心分別地為非零,一般而言。 W此方法亦被财_圖七之流簡以關八較佳的接收 器組件,其。可被騎於—WTRU或基地台。圖人的電路可被 石行於-單-積體電路(IC),例如—應用特殊積體電路 (ASIC),於多1C中,例如分離組件或如扣以及分離組件之 組合。 一頻道估計裝置36 處理接收向量產生頻道估計矩陣部 200805959 分,心,#以及心’(步驟70)。一雜訊自動關聯校正裂置邡 決定一雜訊自動關聯校正係數,心心心& 使用頻道反 應矩陣之未來以及過去部分,(步驟72)。一雜% & 4 J亦隹成自動關聯裝 置40決定一雜訊自動關聯係數,邱m〃},(步驟%)。 ^
計算器42加入雜訊自動關聯校正係數到雜訊自動關聯係數以 產生&,(步驟76)。一 MMSE裝置44使用中心部份或頻道L 應矩陣#,接收向量r以及Σ估計數據向量之中心部分念(乎 驟78 )。此方法的一個優點為不需要使用偵测數據之一回饋迴 路。結果,不同的滑窗可平行地且不連續地被決定。貝 上述說明本發明之最初方案較佳例子。雖然本發明參考較 佳實施例作特麵示及,但鱗技術人士應了解只要不^ 離上述本發明範田壽,均可作各種型式及細節的修改。 月 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一係說明一有帶頻道反應矩陣之一圖示。 圖二係說明有帶頻道反應矩陣之_中 — 圖三係說明一數據向量#窗且古之圖不。 圃四料明具有一個可能的劃分之一圖示。 圖四係_-_分的訊賴式之 口 τ 滑ΐϊ據偵測使用—過去校正係述之—流程圖。 圖。 、、 "汛自動關聯校正係數之一流程 圖八係一接收器使用 測0 一雜訊自動關聯校正係數之滑窗數據偵 15 200805959 【主要元件符號說明】 20、36頻道估計裝置 22、40雜訊自動關聯裝置 24未來雜訊自動關聯裝置 26、42總和計算器 28過去輸入校正裝置 30減算器 34、44 MMSE 裝置 38雜訊自動關聯校正裝置 MMSE 最小均方差 CDMA 分碼多重存取 WTRU無線傳輸/接收單元 UMTS 全球行動陸地系統 FDD分頻雙工 TDD時間分割雙工 1C單一積體電路 ASIC應用特殊積體電路
16
Claims (1)
- 200805959 卜、申請專利範圍: 1.於無線通訊系統中使用多晶片 收器進行數據估計的方法,該方法^含'^接收天線爲一接 ^每-接收天線的-採樣速率產生· 資料ii;;道響應矩陣’其中該頻道響應矩陣 數連窗為基礎的方法處理每-接收向量,其中複 為該複數連續窗的每一窗· 陣;以及使職數通道響應矩陣產生-組合循環通道響應矩 卩_月欠傅利葉轉換為基礎的 細 環通道響應矩陣以及一包含每一接收向二==循 以估計-與該窗對應的-數據向量;^的、、且口接收向里 向量組合在每-窗所估計的該數據向量,以形成—組合數據 項所述之方法’其中以該滑窗為基礎的 3.第i項所述之方法,其中以該滑窗為基礎的 方法假权;丨於母一接收天線的雜訊是無關聯的。 4· ΐί,ΐϋ範,第1項所述之方法,其中以該滑窗為基礎的 方法假則於夕晶片速糊的雜訊不具有 5. ^請,範圍J !項所述之方法,其中以該滑“基礎的 Ϊίΐίΐί心晶片速率和接收天線的任何組合間沒有雜 訊的關聊存在。 6. —種無線傳輸/接收單元(WTRU),包括: 一接收裔,用以獲取一接收向量; -頻道估計裝置,用以處理該接收向量 估計矩陣; 17 200805959 一雜訊自動關聯校正裝置,基於一頻道響應矩陣的過去 和未來部分決定一雜訊自動關聯因素; 一總和計算器裝置,用以將一關聯因素添加至一雜訊自 動關聯係數;以及 一最小均方誤差裝置’用以估計數據向量的中心部分。 7.如申請專利範圍第6項所述之無線傳輸/接收單元,其包含於 一處理器中。18
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- 2004-03-02 CN CN200910133164A patent/CN101521639A/zh active Pending
- 2004-03-02 TW TW093127055A patent/TW200522623A/zh unknown
- 2004-03-02 KR KR1020057020691A patent/KR101021569B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-02 EP EP04716409A patent/EP1604466A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-02 KR KR1020057016365A patent/KR100769097B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-02 TW TW096106567A patent/TW200805959A/zh unknown
- 2004-03-02 WO PCT/US2004/006162 patent/WO2004079927A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-03-02 CA CA002516946A patent/CA2516946A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 NO NO20054489A patent/NO20054489L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1604466A4 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
CA2516946A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
KR20090030351A (ko) | 2009-03-24 |
WO2004079927A2 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
MXPA05009321A (es) | 2005-11-04 |
KR20050120633A (ko) | 2005-12-22 |
TWI260143B (en) | 2006-08-11 |
WO2004079927A3 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
CN1754322A (zh) | 2006-03-29 |
KR100769097B1 (ko) | 2007-10-23 |
KR101065426B1 (ko) | 2011-09-19 |
CN100479338C (zh) | 2009-04-15 |
TW200421797A (en) | 2004-10-16 |
US7428279B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
EP1604466A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
NO20054489L (no) | 2005-11-28 |
KR20050111798A (ko) | 2005-11-28 |
JP2006520127A (ja) | 2006-08-31 |
CN101521639A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
TW200522623A (en) | 2005-07-01 |
US20050031024A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
JP4448847B2 (ja) | 2010-04-14 |
KR101021569B1 (ko) | 2011-03-16 |
NO20054489D0 (no) | 2005-09-28 |
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