SU1766293A1 - Method for cultivation of honey-bearing and forage crops - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: the cultivation of forage crops, beekeeping. The essence of the invention: the cultures in the honey-feed crop rotation are placed on the removal of nutrients (depending on the depth of the root system) and the assimilation of hard-to-reach forms of phosphorus compounds, low-value forage crops are plowed with manure after flowering, as siderates, 2 tab.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to agriculture, and can be used in the cultivation of honey and fodder crops.

There is a method for increasing nectar productivity by introducing micro- and macrofertilizers.

However, crops are placed in crop rotation without taking into account their nutrient needs. Fertilizers are used irrationally. As a result, soil fertility is impaired and the nectar productivity of the cultivated plants decreases after rotation of the crop rotation.

There is a method for increasing nectar, in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are used.

In the known method, fertilization contributes to the growth of green mass of forage crops, which reduces the formation of flowers, therefore, the amount of nectar. This nectar contains an insufficient amount of sugars that the bees do not provide for active years, and. consequently, the median productivity per unit area decreases.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of feed, sugar content of nectar and honey collection by improving soil fertility.

The goal is achieved by the fact that crops in crop rotation are placed on the removal of nutrients and assimilation of hard-to-reach forms of phosphorus compounds, with legumes being placed after 1-2 floors, and low-productive forage crops are being mixed with manure after the flowering phase.

The method is carried out as follows.

Medium-fodder crops were placed in virotype crop rotation:

1.Lucerne - Esparcet (discharge wedge)

2. Coriander

0. Winter rape - 1/4 tributary

3. Grechikha -1/4 tributary

4. Sunflower + corn

5.Donnik

6. Winter rape rye winter rye 0. Mustard is white

7. Esparcet + winter vetch

8.Facelles

cl

with

2

about

Yu

Is0

Sl)

0. Yarova Vika + Oats - Buckwheat

0. Radish oil

9. Sunflower

(O - field - intermediate crops).

The cultures in the proposed crop rotation are very diverse. All of them are honey plants and good feed crops, which contributes to the increase in honey harvest and feed per unit area. The proposed method of placing agricultural crops meets the scientifically grounded requirements for alternating crops. They have different chemical composition and take out unequal amounts of nutrients in different proportions from different soil layers.

Legumes were placed on the first (alfalfa-espartit), the third and fifth (clover), and the seventh (espartset + winter vetch) half. They are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen of the air, binding it, thereby replenishing the soil reserves with a biologically pure nutrient. Due to the placement of nitrogen-fixing crops in crop rotation through one or two sexes (alternation of leguminous crops with non-leguminous plants), the issue of nitrogen nutrition of plants in crop rotation can be largely resolved by nitrogen fixation, i.e. biologically.

In the permanent cultivation of legumes, toxic substances are released that inhibit plants, and nitrogen fixation is suppressed.

If the bean is placed through three floors, then the accumulated nitrogen they do not fully satisfy the need for mineral nitrogen of subsequent crops.

Plants that can assimilate nutrients from difficult-to-access compounds (sainfoin, alfalfa, buckwheat, sweet clover, mustard white) are placed on the first, third, fifth, sixth and seventh fields of crop rotation (on the sixth field, white mustard was placed as a single crop ).

If these cultures are placed sequentially, i.e. one after another, the regulation of phosphate nutrition will be insufficient and additional costs will be required for the introduction of phosphate fertilizers. As a result, an excess of phosphorus can accumulate in fodder plants of the fluorine compound, which is undesirable for fodder and honey plants.

Placing plants in a crop rotation through one or two sexes, capable of assimilating hard-to-reach phosphorus compounds and leaving for subsequent crops, contributes to the regulation of the mineral nutrition of plants in a crop rotation.

If alfalfa, sweet clover, salvage, buckwheat, white mustard (crops that assimilate sparingly soluble forms of phosphorus) are placed in a crop rotation through three floors, then

difficult-to-reach nutrient forms will not be fully utilized by subsequent cultures.

In crop rotation, plants have a different root structure and size.

0 and, therefore, differently consumed nutrients and moisture from different layers of the soil. Thus, the roots of buckwheat, coriander, white mustard, phacelia and oil radish, which are located in the crop rotation, are responsible, on the second, third, sixth, eighth and ninth fields, have a root depth of up to 20-40 cm. And alfalfa, sunflower, corn , winter rape, sweet clover, salvage and winter vetch penetrate to a more significant depth, from 40 to 200 cm. They are placed on the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and ninth fields of crop rotation, respectively. The alternation of cultures with depth penetration of the root system promotes fuller utilization of nutrients from the soil. If the crop rotation includes the advantage of the culture with a small or greater depth of penetration of the root system, then

0, the absorption of nutrients by plants will go mostly one-way.

The correct placement in the rotation of perennial crops (alfalfa, sainfoin,

5 tributary) contributes to the preservation and improvement of soil structure, suppression of weed-field vegetation, prevents water and wind erosion,

During the growing season of agricultural crops, the processes of accumulation of organic matter predominate in its destruction. But after harvesting, before sowing the next crop, the destruction of organic matter in the soil and on its surface predominates in the soil.

In the developed crop rotation, low-value forage crops are plowed up to preserve the balance of organic matter after flowering (honey collection)

0 facel, mustard, coriander and clover). In general, virgin crop rotation will smell 65-75 t / ha of organic matter and 40 t / ha of organic fertilizer in the form of manure. This amount of organic matter ensures the recovery of the mineral part of humus annually, which contributes to the improvement of soil fertility.

Since the mineral part of the organic matter in the soil is in the form of plant

residues and manure will enhance soil humification, the activation of the microbial activity of soil microflora, and the content of humus will increase. And if we take into account that mineral fertilizers will be applied along with organic fertilizers, the overall fertility of the soil will increase.

In tab. 1 shows the accumulation of humus in the proposed facility, in comparison with the analogue and the prototype.

By plowing manure with low-value forage crops, the release of COA by soil and its fertility increase, which intensifies the process of photosynthesis and enhances the accumulation of organic matter by plants, including sugar in nectar (Table 2).

To plow the mustard white, buckwheat, sweet clover, coriander rationally after their bloom, since by this time nectar will be collected and the honey production of the crop rotation will not decrease.

From tab. 2, it can be seen that the amount of sugar and nectar productivity in the latter variant is reduced due to the reduction of the honey collection, i.e. plowing at the beginning of flowering of low-value feed crops.

The proposed method provides an increase in feed due to intermediate crops, increase soil fertility and plowing green manure crops through 1-3 floors of legumes and plants that absorb poorly soluble forms of phosphorus compounds and leave them in an easily accessible form for subsequent cultures. Such placement of crops for the removal of nutrients , promotes the increase of sugar in nectar and honey collection per unit area.

PRI me R. In a crop rotation area of 400 hectares (each field of virgins of a typical crop rotation was 44.4 hectares), crops were sown for carrying nutrients in different ratios from different depths (buckwheat, coriander, fatseli, mustard white, and radish oil, in which the roots are located in the upper layers soils, while in alfalfa, clover, sunflower, sainfoin, maize, winter rape, and winter vetch, penetrate to a very considerable depth).

After 1-2 floor crops were sown, able to absorb phosphorus from poorly soluble compounds (alfalfa, sainfoin, buckwheat and mustard white). They were located on the first, third, fifth, seventh fields of crop rotation, and white mustard - after the harvest of winter rapeseed and winter rye on the sixth field.

Legumes (alfalfa, Esparcet, clover, winter vetch) were placed in a crop rotation after 1-2 sex, i.e. on the first, third, fifth, and seventh half of x. (After the seventh floor after two floors again on the first).

Low-value forage crops plowed through 1-3 floor after collecting honey:

buckwheat, coriander and sunflower after harvesting seeds. Buckwheat was plowed together with manure (20 tons of manure and 3 tons of buckwheat stalk). 20 tons of manure were applied in the eighth field. On the first field 50 tons of sunflower stalks were plowed, on the third - 10 tons of coriander, on the sixth - 10 tons of the stem of the clover. In total, 73 tons of organic matter in the form of stalks and 40 tons of organic fertilizers were plowed during the rotation of the crop rotation.

Intermediate cultures were placed after harvest and before sowing of the main crops. Winter rape after coriander harvesting was placed on the second field, white mustard after winter rape cut and winter rye were placed on the sixth field, oats + brock vetch (mixture) buckwheat (strip seeding) after phacelia on the eighth field and oil seed radish as early flat culture before sowing sunflower.

Improving soil fertility has a positive effect on nectar productivity. Optimal phosphorus content enhances the hydrolysis of organic matter in the plant, resulting in an increase in

sugar flow to the flowers.

Plowing up sideratov and manure enhances the humification of the soil, which is accompanied by abundant release of COA. COA increases the photosynthetic productivity of crops.

Consequently, all this contributes

increase in nectar formation and feed yield.

Claims (1)

Claims The method of cultivating honey-fodder crops, including placing the crops in a crop rotation, fertilizing, characterized in that, in order to increase the amount of honey and its sugar content while simultaneously increasing the yield of feed, the cultures in the crop rotation are placed on the transport of nutrients and assimilation of hard-to-reach forms of phosphorus compounds, with legumes being placed after 1-2 floors, and low-productive forage crops being plowed in with a mixture of manure after the flowering phase. Ta l and c a 1 Accumulation of humus in the honey-feed crop rotation at the end of the rotation, kg / ha Table 2 Nectar, sugar and medoproduktivnost crop rotation depending on the time of plowing low-value feed crops