SU1386140A1 - Method of producing smoking fluid - Google Patents

Description

(21) 4046276 / 28-13

(22) 04/01/86

(46) 04/07/88. Bul № 13

(71) Experimental Production and Technical Association Tehrybrom

(72) L.M. Ershov, A.F.Ilichev, A.D. Kravtsov and A.G.Portikov

(53) 664.95 (088.8)

(56) German Patent 1238316, cl. A 23 B 4/04, 1978.

Norwegian patent number 113185, cl. A 23 B 4/04, 1975.

(54) METHOD FOR PREPARING COIPTILE FLUID

(57) The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to methods for producing a smoke composition for processing food products, and can be used on food

enterprises producing smoked products. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of the finished product and simplify the process. The method is based on the principle of thermolysis of wood under the influence of the aquatic environment. At the same time, the crushed wood is placed in water at a mass ratio of wood and water of 1: 16-1:12 kg / kg, followed by heating the water to a temperature of 160-374 ° C without being converted to vapor and at a given time at given temperatures determined by tT (374-t): tj, 4, where t is the thermolysis time; t is the temperature at which the thermolysis process is carried out, followed by cooling to room temperature. and filtering the resulting extract. 1 tab.

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The invention relates to the food industry, in particular to methods for producing a smoke composition for processing food products, and can be used in smoked products.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the cost of the finished product and simplify the process.

The method is carried out as follows.

Shredded wood is placed in water. A part of the air space is left above the water surface to compensate for the temperature expansion of its volume. The volume of water and air is sealed. After sealing it produces water heating. With an increase in temperature from 433 K (160 ° C) and higher in water with increasing intensity, the thermolysis of wood occurs and the simultaneous absorption (extraction) of thermolysis products by water. In accordance with the heating temperature (thermolysis temperature), pressure is established over the surface of the water due to the saturated vapor pressure, due to the temperature expansion of the water and due to the pressure of the gases generated during thermolysis, the minsharm pressure of the thermolysis is determined by the pressure of the saturated water vapor at 433 K ( 160 s) to a value of 0.62 MPa (6.3 kgf / cm). The process of thermolysis is carried out until complete charring of the wood. The amount of wood during charring is reduced.

The automatic control of the process is concluded in the thermolysis given by TejkfuepaTypH. At the end of the thermolysis period, the water with the substances extracted in it (the extract) is cooled to room temperature. After cooling, the depressurization, draining and filtration of the extract are carried out. The g / o extract is used as a smoke fluid.

The ratios of wood and water cash registers were determined experimentally and ranged from 1: 16-1 to 12 kg / kg. At lower mass ratios (1: 22-), the liquid smoke is weakly concentrated due to the lack of wood thermolysis products. With large mass ratios (P- 1: 5), the production of liquid smoke

0-2

accompanied by intensive formation of soot on the walls of the device for the thermolysis of wood in water. The formation of soot is explained by the presence of an excess of thermolysis products in the extract. The required wood mass (kg) is determined by the formula

t

If t

(one)

where If is the ratio of the mass of wood and water, selected from the range of 1: 16-1: 12;

m is the mass of water, kg.

Above the surface of the water covering the crushed sawdust, leave part of the airspace to compensate for the temperature expansion of its volume. The volume of water and air is sealed. After sealing, the water is heated.

The lower limit of the temperature of water heating is, since at lower temperatures the charring of wood is poorly pronounced, and the resulting smoke fluid does not possess smoke properties. At 160 ° С and higher in 2), with an increasing intensity, thermogram of wood occurs and at the same time absorption (extraction) of thermolysis products by water.

The upper limit of the water heating temperature is determined by the temperature of the critical point of 374 ° C, above which the liquid phase of water does not exist. Outside the reference temperature, the proposed method becomes indistinguishable from known methods for producing liquid smoke based on superheated steam. The critical water temperature corresponds to a pressure of 22.1 MPa (225 kgf / cm), it is possible to obtain liquid smoke at this temperature and pressure parameters, but it is impractical because of the high metal consumption of the device that implements the proposed method. Based on the considerations of reducing the metal consumption of devices, the method is recommended to be used mainly in the temperature range 160-263 C.

In accordance with the temperature of heating the surface of the water, the pressure increases due to the saturated vapor pressure, and also due to the temperature expansion of the water to due to the pressure of the gases produced during thermolysis. The process of thermolysis in water is carried out until the wood is completely charred.

The amount of wood during charring is reduced.

The temperature expansion of water during heating can be studied by decreasing its density. The calculation of the density of water (kg / m) depending on the temperature can be determined by an empirical formula, the error of which does not exceed 1%: o

Pt 322.6 + 68.2 (374-t), (2)

where t, is the given heating temperature

on water, C.

This formula is applicable in the temperature range of 100-374 C.

Based on the fact that the maximum volume of water with wood placed in it at a given heating temperature is 95% of the volume of the device, the following formula is proposed for calculating the maximum possible amount of water:

, 95 V: (l / pt + (flp) (3) where V is the volume of the hermetic tank,

pd - DENSITY of dry wood. The duration (h) of heating water to a given temperature can be calculated using the formula obtained from the heat balance equation:, (m-t-0, l2 M). () :( 862q.-N) (4)

where M is the mass of an airtight container made of steel, kg; t is the initial water temperature

WITH;

t is the set temperature of water heating, C;

Cj is the coefficient that accounts for heat losses to the surrounding medium, depending on the quality of the insulation coating of the device;

N - heating power, kW. The time (h) of thermolysis is determined by the formula

tr (374-tJ: t ,, (5) where o is the thermolysis time,

t is the temperature at which

thermolysis is carried out.

The thermolysis process is automatically controlled. Automatic control of the process consists in maintaining the desired water heating temperature. At the end of the incubation period, the water with the substances extracted in it (the extract) is cooled to room temperature.

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Forced cooling of the extract (within one hour) to room temperature leads to the clouding of the liquid smoke and to the precipitation of brown color from it. After filtration, the transparency of the liquid is restored, and the precipitate darkens. The natural cooling of the extract (for 16 hours or more) allows to obtain a transparent liquid smoke. Regardless of the method of cooling, the quality of the liquid smoke by external signs (color, smell, taste) remains unchanged. After cooling, the extract is depressurized, drained and filtered. The extract obtained is used as liquid smoke.

The smoke fluid obtained by the proposed method has good basic physicochemical indicators. Smoke fluids were obtained at different temperatures of water heating and the period of holding this temperature:

at 170 ° C, 1.7 h - extract 1;

at 200 ° C, 0.66 h - extract 2;

at 263 C, 0.075 h - extract 3;

at 310 ° C, 0.009 h - extract 4;

at 34 seconds, 0.001 h - extract 5,

Characteristics of these extracts, as well as drugs used in the food industry, are presented in the table.

Example, 0.328 kg of oak shavings are placed in a hermetic capacity of 3.935 kg of water with a ratio of the masses of wood and water 1; 12, The masses of shavings and water are determined by the formulas taking into account the volume of the container 0.005 m, the density of dry oak wood 780 kg / m and the set temperature

heating 160 C. Oak chips have an average size of 20-20-0.5 mm. An air space of 645 cm is formed above the surface of the water. After sealing the tank, water is heated to 160 ° C. Heating power 1,5 kW. The water is heated for a short period of 1.37 hours. The period of the desired temperature is 2.3 hours. At the end of the period of holding, the pressure above the water surface is 0.78 MPa (8 kgf / cm). Cooling takes place 16 hours before. The residual pressure above the water surface after cooling is 0, 29 MPa (3 kgf / cm). After

depressurization chips are removed from the tank and the resulting extract is drained. The chips are dark brown in color. Their bulk volume decreased by 5%. The resulting extract has a clear, amber-red lambs, the smell of prunes and brightly acidic, tingling taste. Such indicators of the extract are characteristic of this method of producing liquid smoke from oak. The method according to this mode of producing liquid smoke is recommended because it provides the desired product with smoking properties.

PRI mme R 2. Method for reception: m and operations are identical to that described in example 1, except that

instead of oak shavings used. alder sawdust, dry wood which has a density of 550 kg / m. The mass of sawdust (0.211 kg to the mass of water (3.383 kg) is 1:16 ratio. Above the water surface forms an air space of 1233 cm. Heating of water to 260 ° C is continued for 2.8 hours. The period of aging at 260 ° C. 5 The minimum pressure above the water surface at the end of the holding period is 6.5 MPa (66 kgf / cm). The residual pressure above the zod surface after cooling is O, 78 MPa (8 kgf / cm). The bulk volume of sawdust is reduced by 55% The resulting extract has a clear amber-red color, the smell of burnt prunes and sourish, astringent taste with bitterness admixture. The method of this mode of preparing the liquid smoke is recommended as it provides the desired product smoke properties.

Example The method according to the techniques and operation is identical to that described in npHiviepe, except that spruce sawdust is used instead of oak shavings, whose suts wood has a density of 480 kg / m, the weight of sawdust (0.216 kg) to the mass of water (3.027 kg) is J: 14. Above the surface of the water, an airborne gphosis of volume J523 cm is formed. Water heating up to

20

25

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last for 3.57 hours. The temperature holding period is 0.9 minutes. The pressure above the surface of the water at the end of the period of retention is 11.6 MPa (114 kg / cm). The residual pressure above the surface of the water after cooling is 1.47 MPa (15 kgf / cm).

10 Cooling capacity to 20 ° C is performed for 1 hour.

The bulk volume of sawdust is reduced by 66%. The extract obtained is a brown suspension.

j After filtration, the extract restores transparency, has a yellow color with a shade of red, the smell of tar with a smell of smoke and an acidic, bitter taste. The method according to this mode of producing liquid smoke is recommended because it provides the desired product with smoking properties.

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The implementation of the proposed method allows to reduce energy consumption and simplify the technology without the use of sophisticated equipment and systems of technological control and automation.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method of producing liquid smoke by thermolysis of crushed wood under the action of high-temperature water environment, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of the finished product and simplify the process, the thermolysis of crushed wood is carried out in an airtight container in water at a ratio of the mass of wood and water 1: 16 -: 12, temperature 160-374 C and pressure above 0.62 Sha, followed by cooling to room temperature and filtering the obtained extract, the thermolysis time being determined by the formula g (374-tJ: t ,, h where S is the thermolysis time; Cs temperature at which thermolysis is carried out. 1.67 3.12 4.37 4.68 5.94 0.95 2.9 0.65 1.2 1.70 3.5