SU1097232A1 - Method of growing young plants of fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

METHOD OF CULTIVATION-C, FRIENDS OF FRUIT CROPS, including planting a parent plant under SU ..., 1097232 3

Description

J p /// /// /// // W W // // // XX / /// /// The invention relates to fruit growing, namely to methods of extracting seedlings of fruit crops. There is a known method of growing seedlings of fruit crops, including the use of ordinary budding, in which the rootstocks are planted in a nursery, they are cultivated, cut by eye, and fl is dug. However, this method requires additional land and labor costs, since an increase in the need for seedlings requires a corresponding increase in the area of nurseries. The known method involves planting the mother plant at an angle to the ground, giving it a horizontal position, hilling and separating the seedlings in the fall by cutting the trunk of the mother plant between the surrounding shoots 2J. A disadvantage of the known method is the weak root system of the seedlings formed. Furthermore, the method does not provide a high multiplication factor. The aim of the invention is to improve the development of the root system of seedlings. The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method clonal rootstocks are used as a maternal plant, which for the next year, after planting, grown shoots are cut, leaving no more than three eyes at their base, hilling grown shoots to a height of 20-30 cm and They are sculpted and, in the third year, in the spring, cutting of the budded shoots into the eye and in the autumn - separation of seedlings. FIG. 1 shows a view of the row in the nursery after full tilt of the rootstocks in the first year; in fig. 2 - view. Yes, in the spring of the second year after shortening} in FIG. 3 - view of the row in the summer of the second year after hilling and replanting; in fig. 4 - view p yes in the fall of the third year before digging. After appropriate preparation of the soil, planting 1 was planted in the nursery. Landing is made in a pre-cut groove at an angle Z-AZ according to cxeMie, for example, 120x30 cm. In the summer of summer. Shoots are left no more than three shoots 2, growing up and located: evenly along the entire length of the rootstock. In the autumn of the same year. fully bent to the ground and tied to the base of a plant next to it in a row (Fig. 1). In the spring of the second year, the growth of last year is shortened, leaving up to three peepholes on each of them (Fig. 2). One of the annual growth of 4 (Fig. 3) starts growing from the peepholes 3, and during the summer sap flow the current year's growth at a height of 10-12 cm under the mound 5 (Fig. 3) produces a normal budding. In the spring of the third year, a revision of the reared eyes was carried out and cut by the eye, and in the fall of the same year, the originally planted stock was excavated (Fig. 4) and then divided into individual saplings (usually 3 to 9 s each), suitable to disembark on a production plantation. Example. The tests were carried out by setting up field experiments and carrying out laboratory analyzes of soil and plants using generally accepted methods of conducting experiments with fruit plants. Field experiments were laid annually at the State Farm. S.Lazo Rezinsky area. The soil of the experimental plot is represented by carbonate black carbonaceous soil and lightly clayey. Vegetatively propagated rootstocks of the MM-106, length 1 60 cm, were planted in the spring nursery in pre-cut ditches | 40x3 cm in size according to the 120x lOO cm scheme to a depth of 25 cm at an angle of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50. As a result, from 2 to 7 shoots (table) appeared on the rootstock, of which 3 shoots were left, located evenly along the length of the rootstock. The rest are removed on the ring. In September, the rootstocks completely sank to the ground and the basement was poured to the base of a nearby plant, and in the spring of next year, the annual increase was cut, leaving three peepholes on it. The effect of the angle of inclination and the height of the hilling of the rootstock in the nursery on the growth, yield and quality of the saplings of the Blon is given in the table. Stock MM-106, grade Glory to winners (on average over 2 years). Experience has shown that the best results (see table) by one year. increase in stock, tilt angle

which was between 30-45. Smaller and larger angles of inclination gave undesirable results. In the summer of the year, in two steps, hilling of the stock and one-year growth to height of 5, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 cm were made. The results showed that hilling to the height of cm is most effective. systems and poor approach to budding, which leads to a low yield of first-class seedlings (see table). The high hilling height does not allow timely budding.

Budding was carried out with the Slava winners varieties and Calvil snow 25 in.) L-5 August in the ordinary way. In the spring of the following year, cutting by eye was carried out, and in the fall they carried out a full digging of the nursery with the subsequent separation of the originally planted supply to individual seedlings suitable for planting on the production plantation, 6-9 first-quality bony seedlings were received from each single planted stock. . Compared to prototya, allowing

to receive no more than four annual seedlings with an underdeveloped root system, the proposed method provides for obtaining 1.5-2 times more of the budded annual seedlings (110-120 thousand lat.).

Growing seedlings of fruit crops on the proposed method makes it possible to ensure the rapid reproduction of high-value and high-yielding varieties of rootstocks with a well-developed root system. The method provides a guarantee of a high percentage of seedlings planted in the nursery. In addition, the proposed method of growing seedlings of fruit crops creates more favorable conditions for the formation and activity of the root system of variety-rootstock combinations in the nursery, promotes the even distribution of nutrients along the horizontal rootstock and balanced growth of the shoots on it. This makes it possible to dramatically increase the yield and quality of seedlings of fruit crops per unit area and to ensure a more complete mechanization of labor-intensive processes.

Number of the formed one-year increase, pieces, total

on top of the basement

Location of root system see

The presence of acute angles of discharge of one-year increment

Presence of desirable annual increments, pcs. Output of first-grade Low NormalI saplings

6-7

6-7

6-7

6-7

4-5

4-5

2-3

4-5

24

22

25

25

Not

Not

Few Often

3-4

3-4

3-4

1-2 Good Good Good Low

Table continuation

Claims (1)

METHOD FOR GROWING-C, FRUIT CULTURES, including planting the mother plant at an angle to the soil surface, horizontalizing, hilling and dividing the seedlings in autumn by cutting the stem of the mother plant between the shoots, characterized in that, in order to improve the development of the root system of seedlings , clonal stocks are used as the mother plant, in which the next year after planting, the grown shoots are cut with leaving no more than three eyes at their base, etc. plague hilling shoots grown to a height of 20-30 cm and okuliruyut them, and in the third year, in the spring, the cut-off exercise okulirovannyh shoots to the eye, and in the fall - the separation of seedlings. SU p "1097232"