SK279248B6 - Method and device for oil-seeds peeling - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of the oil-seeds peeling is processed in two peeling stages. Unpeeled seed fractions are electrically separated out of oversizes which were sieved in the first stage, and, peeled core fractions and peel fractions are electrically separated out of oversizes which were sieved in the second stage. The peeled cores and peels are electrically separated from a residual. Electrically separated unpeeled seeds are peeled separately being sieved in two stages; peeled cores and peels are electrically separated out of the oversizes from the second stage; peeled cores and peels are electrically separated out of the residual. The peeled cores are, after an electrical separation, separated out of the peels. The plant comprises a peeling mechanism and a set of two sieves incorporated whereto. The set has an outlet for the peeled cores. One part of a double electrical separator is connected to an outlet of oversizes from every sieve of the sieve set. Both parts of the double electroseparator are connected to a flat sifter and one part of the double electroseparator, which is connected to the outlet of oversizes from the first sieve of the sieve set, has an outlet of the unpeeled seeds. A part of the double electroseparator, which is connected to an outlet of oversizes from the second sieve of the sieve set, has an outlet for the peeled cores and is connected to a single electrical separator which has an outlet for the peeled cores and is connected to the flat sifters.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a process for peeling oilseeds, in particular sunflower seeds, and to a device for carrying it out. The process has utility in an oil mill.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Processes for the processing of seed oil, or for electrostatic screening of the husks, are known from DD 108 042 and DD 217 999. A disadvantage of these peeling processes is the susceptibility to separation of broken grains, in particular of a fine fraction.

Another known grain peeling technology is the abrasion of the husks by graters, brushes or rollers. The skins thus separated are separated from the cores pneumatically. The disadvantage clearly lies in the low degree of peeling, which is the cause of insufficient removal of seed husks by the pneumatic medium, and in the high power consumption of the necessary air handling equipment.

According to EP 066 897, a peeling process is known in which the edge of the seeds is swollen under pressure and then dried rapidly. The swollen tears in the swelling are peeled off during the shrinkage process caused by drying, and in the next step are separated pneumatically.

According to DE-AS 23 54 617, soya bean shells are released by shock heating in a fluidized bed and associated impact peeling. Both of these solutions also require high energy costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an efficient method for peeling oilseeds and devices for the production thereof, avoiding the disadvantages of known solutions, and in particular having low power consumption, whilst at the same time meeting the environmental aspects of air pollution. blown into the environment.

The essence of the process according to the invention is that the mixture formed by striking the cleaned seeds is sieved in two stages. Unpeeled cores are electrically separated from the overspeed after the first sieving and electrically separated into peeled cores and husks from the overspeed after the second sieving. The electrically separated unpeeled cores are peeled separately, sieved in two stages, electrically separated from the supernatant after the second sieving into peeled cores and hulls, and the remainder electrically separated into peeled cores and hulls. The peeled cores are screened from the skin after electrical separation.

The device according to the invention consists of a trapping machine to which a set of two sieves is connected having a peeled core outlet. One part of the double electroseparator is connected to the outlet of the supernatant from each sieve of the sieve set. Both portions of this twin electroseparator are connected to a surface sorter, and the portion of the twin electroseparator that is connected to the outlet of the surge from the first screen of the screen set has the output of an unpeeled core. The portion of the twin electroseparator that is connected to the outlet of the oversized second sieve from the screen set has a peeled core output and is connected to a single electroseparator that has a peeled core output and is connected to a surface sorter.

In order to reduce the storage space for the intermediate product and to ensure a uniform quality of the final product, the device may have an unpeeled core output from a twin electroseparator connected to another peeling machine to which another screen set is connected. The other screen set has a peel core output and the overspeed output from the second screen set network is connected to another double electroseparator having a peel core output and connected to another single electroseparator and to a surface sorter. A simple electroseparator has both a peeled core output and is connected to a surface sorter.

The advantage of the method and the device consists in a substantial saving of electric energy compared to the current state, in the reduction of the cost of the device with regard to the discharge of the air-handling device, in increasing reliability, reducing noise and preventing emission of air containing dust.

Overview of the figures in the drawing

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which: FIG.

Fig. 1 shows a peeling device and FIG. 2 shows a fraction mass balance scheme.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The peeling device consists of two successive stages with several peeling machines 1, a set of two-day sieves 2a, a double electroseparator 2b, a single electroseparator 3, two surface separators 4 and a central outlet 5. The sieves of the sieve set 2a can be hinged, and thus quickly and easily replaceable, which may be desirable in changing the grain size of the seed.

The gutter chain conveyor feeds the sunflower seed via a pusher and a variable speed dosing chamber to a first-stage catching machine 1.

The peeling machine 1 performs mechanical crushing of the seed, i.e. a rapid peeling of the husk from the seed core. It has a variable speed drive. By controlling the speed and the continuously adjustable gap length between the rotor and the stop wall, the crushing intensity can be affected. Increasing the speed and reducing the length of the joint causes a reduction in the proportion of unhulled grains, but also an increase in the fines in the exfoliating product. Thus, it is possible to respond to variations in seed properties, especially moisture.

A mixture of shelled cores, dehulled skin, unshelled cores and fines emerges from the catching machine 1. This mixture enters through a branch in the inlet cover into a skin husk consisting of a screen set 2a and a double electroseparator 2b and extends over the entire width of the screen cabinet. The remainder of the net curtain is formed by substantially unpeeled residual cores with a certain proportion of shell, which is separated in the double electroseparator 2b.

The part that passes through the upper sieve of the sieve set 2a enters the lower sieve of the sieve set 2a, on which it is subjected to further screening. The remainder of the bottom sieve from the sieve set 2a, which is formed by substantially shelled cores and loose skins, is fed to a second chamber of the double electroseparator 2b in which the skins are separated.

The bottom sieve of the sieve set 2a consists largely of the fine core components and the cores peeled in the next stage of separation are still mixed inside the machine.

The electrical separation in the single electroseparator 3 is based on the repulsive force of the electric charge that the mixture obtains when introducing the DC field of a high voltage. The actual separation can be influenced by controlling machine parameters.

The conveyor transports the product from the cores to the core collection conveyor. The husk fraction collected in the husk collecting conveyor is conveyed by a bucket elevator and a screw conveyor to a surface sorter 4, which carries out the husk sorting. The increase in the amount at the entrance to each surface sorter 4 is controlled by the slider. The flat screen 4 produces three fractions - tiny skin, fine core material and intermediate fraction. The intermediate fraction from all area separators 4 is concentrated in the trough chain conveyor and then passed through a screw conveyor. The fine core material is transferred from the surface sorter by a 4 screw conveyor to the core collecting conveyor. The trough chain conveyor carries the small hulls. The skin separators in this device are connected to the central unit 5, which consists of a two-chamber pulse fdtra with a metering passage and a radial fan with corresponding air ducting and fittings. The filter is cleaned of the aspiration air and then transferred to the surroundings by a fan. The dust from the filter enters the trough chain conveyor through which it is admixed to the core product.

The proportion of the individual fractions in peeling 275 t of sunflower seeds by the peeling device and method of the invention is shown in FIG. Second

Claims (3)

PATENT CLAIMS Process for peeling oil seeds, in particular sunflower seeds, by striking the cleaned seeds, characterized in that the resulting mixture is sieved in two stages, electrically separating unpeeled cores from the supernatant after the first sieving, which are then peeled separately, in two stages sieve, peeled cores and hulls are electrically separated from the supernatant after the second sieve, and the remainder is electrically separated into peeled cores and hulls; the peeled cores are screened after electrical separation. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of a peeling machine (1) to which is connected a set (2a) of two sieves having a peeled core output to the outlet of each sieve of the set (2a). one part of the double electroseparator (2b) is connected to the screen, both parts of which are connected to the surface sorter (4) and the part of the double electroseparator (2b) is connected to the outlet of the first screen of the screen set (2a). , and a portion of the twin electroseparator (2b) that is connected to the overspeed outlet of the second screen of the screen set (2a), has a peeled core outlet, and is connected to a single electroseparator (3) having a peeled core outlet and connected to a surface sorter (4). Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the output of the unpeeled core from a portion of the twin electroseparator (2b) is connected to another peeling machine (1) to which is connected another set (2a) of the screen having the peeled core output; the outlet of the supernatant from the other of the sieves of the sieve set (2a) is connected to another double electroseparator (2b) having a peeled core output and connected both to another simple electroseparator (3) and to a surface sorter (4) and single electroseparator (3) ) has a peeled core outlet and is connected to a surface sorter (4).