RU2191639C2 - Grain mixture separation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, food-processing and other branches of industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing preliminary cleaning of wet grain heap and separating light, large-sized and small-sized contaminants and primary cleaning in air-screen machine with two cleaner shoes, each having two screen tiers; separating oversize products of lower screen tiers in parallel lines of sequentially connected grain cleaner units and secondary cleaning machines; providing final grain cleaning on vibratory pneumatic separators. After preliminary cleaning and temporal storage, grain mixture is additionally subjected to separation by size into four fractions on cylindrical screen. Method further involves separating optimal size fraction on final part of screen after slight drying process into layers by density on additional continuous surfaces positioned in front of lower tier screens; directing oversize product from upper layer into same lines of grain cleaner units, secondary cleaning machines and further to final cleaning equipment; directing lower layer product passed under final parts of screen lower tiers to other lines of grain cleaner units and secondary cleaning machines. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved quality of cleaning grain products and reduced power consumption. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for the separation of grain mixtures and can be applied in agriculture and food industry.

 A known method of separating grain mixtures, including pre-cleaning with the separation of large and small impurities and seeds, cleaning on an air-sieve separator, a tray unit, re-cleaning on an air-sieve separator, air separator and pneumatic sorting table (copyright certificate 1683830, class B 07 V 9/00, 10/15/1991, Bull. 38).

 The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning at a given performance and the high cost of obtaining class 1 seed material from a grain mixture, which contains hardly distinguishable impurities, in particular low-fat (segments of wild radish, wild oat, etc.), unripe (green) and small grain of the main culture.

 The quality of cleaning is reduced due to the low efficiency of the separation of impurities during preliminary cleaning of the grain mixture having high humidity. Separation of the entire incoming grain flow on sufficiently energy-intensive pneumatic tables leads to high energy costs for obtaining seeds of class 1.

 The closest analogue to the proposed technical solution is the method of separation of grain mixtures, implemented in the complex KZS-25 together with the seed prefix SP-10. It includes preliminary cleaning of grain heaps in an air-sieve machine with the release of light, small and large impurities, temporary storage in aerated containers, initial cleaning after drying in an air-sieve machine ZVS-20A with two mills with 2 tiers of sieves, separation of over-sieve products of the lower tiers of sieves in parallel lines of serially connected indenter blocks and secondary cleaning machines SVU-5A, final cleaning on pneumatic sorting tables SPS-5 (Machines for post-harvest grain processing. / B. S. Oknin , I.V. Gorbachev, V.A. Terekhin, V.M. Soloviev. -M.: Agropromizdat. 1987.-p. 189; 193).

 The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of cleaning at a given performance and high energy costs for obtaining class 1 seed material from a grain mixture containing hardly distinguishable impurities, in particular low-fat (segments of wild radish, wild oat, etc.), unripe (green) and small grains of the main culture.

 The cleaning quality at a given performance is reduced due to the high content of these impurities remaining after preliminary cleaning in the dried grain mixture. Separation of the whole grain flow that has undergone preliminary, primary, secondary cleaning, length cleaning and final cleaning on pneumatic sorting tables leads to an increase in energy consumption.

 The technical result consists in improving the quality of cleaning at a given performance and reducing energy consumption for obtaining class 1 seeds from grain heaps, which include hardly distinguishable impurities.

 The problem is solved by introducing an additional operation carried out after preliminary cleaning and temporary storage. The essence of the operation is to divide the grain mixture in size into four fractions on a cylindrical sieve. Moreover, the passage fraction of the final section of the sieve after drying is divided into layers by density on the non-perforated surfaces of the lower tiers of the sieves, over-sizing products from the upper layer are sent to one line of the trie blocks, secondary machines and for final cleaning, and the product of the lower layer, which passed under the final sections of the lower tiers sieves, served in other lines of the trie blocks and secondary cleaning machines.

 The causal relationship between the set of essential features of the method and the achieved technical result is as follows.

 The introduction of an additional operation for dividing into 4 fractions (fine weed impurities, small and sloping grains of the main crop, grain of the main culture, large (green) grains) in terms of the size of the pre-cleaned grain mixture is necessary for better selection of the remaining small weed impurities, small and full seeds the main culture, with low field germination, and the separation of large (green) unripe grains of the main culture.

 When dividing the grain mixture into four fractions with a productivity equal to that of the dryer, there is an increase in the quality of cleaning the grain of the main culture, which leads to an increase in the productivity of machines that carry out cleaning after drying. And an increase in productivity leads to a decrease in the specific energy consumption for obtaining seeds of class 1.

 Separation of the passage fraction of the final section of the cylindrical sieve into density layers on additional non-perforated surfaces of the lower tiers of the sieves during primary cleaning is necessary to obtain two fractions of different fractions with different types of impurities when the stratified grain mixture moves along the final sections of the sieves of these tiers. This allows for differentiated cleaning of over-sieve and under-sieve products in parallel lines.

 The need to send over-the-shelf products from the upper layer of the lower tiers to a line consisting of sequentially connected trie blocks and secondary cleaning machines, and then to the final cleaning is dictated by the fact that this grain stream contains impurities that differ from the seeds of the main crop in length, thickness, width, aerodynamic properties and density.

 The necessity of directing the product of the lower layer passing through the final sections of the sieves of the lower tiers (under-sieve product) to other lines of the inlet blocks and secondary cleaning machines is determined by the fact that this grain stream has a predominant content of impurities that differ in length, thickness, width, and aerodynamic properties. The content of low-impurity impurities, commensurate in size with the main crop in this fraction, does not exceed the permissible values.

 Thus, the additional separation of the grain mixture into four fractions leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning the grain mixture before it is fed to the dryer, which helps to increase the productivity of the process of separation of the grain mixture after it is dried by reducing the clogging of the material being cleaned. The increase in productivity of the process of separation of the grain mixture after drying with the allocation during the initial cleaning of the fraction that does not require separation on vibropneumatic separators, reduces the energy consumption of the technology as a whole.

 The method is implemented as follows. The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of the method.

 Wet grain heap coming from combines and containing large, light, small (weed and grain), long, short, hardly distinguishable (segments of wild radish, wild oat, immature grains of the main crop) impurities, is fed from the reception unit for preliminary cleaning to the air-sieve machine 1. The air flow of machine 1 separates light and partially difficult to separate impurities, and sieves - small weed and large impurities. Impurities are removed outside the machine.

 Pre-refined grain after temporary storage in the hopper is fed for separation into 4 fractions in an air-sieve machine 2 with a perforated cylindrical working body. During the rotation of the sieve in the receiver 3 receives the remaining small weed impurities, which are removed outside the machine. In receiver 4, small punctured grains of the main culture are distinguished, and in receiver 6, large (green) unripe grains of the main culture, part of which are difficult to isolate and the remaining part of large impurities that are not isolated during operation 1, are distinguished. The fractions from the receivers 4 and 6 are sent for drying in feed mode or for storage in a wet state.

 The grain of the main culture allocated to the receiver 5, after drying in seed mode, is fed for primary cleaning to the air-sieve machine 7, which has two mills 8 and 9 with two tiers of sieves in each. On sieves 10, 15 large impurities and a part of hardly separated are immediately released. Passing fractions of the initial sections of the sieves 10 and 15 enter the slope boards to the initial sections of the non-perforated surfaces 11 and 16, connected to the beginning of the sowing sieves 13 and 17. In these areas, under the influence of the directed vibration of mills 8 and 9, the grain mixture is divided into layers by density. When the grain mixture moves along the sieving sieves 13 and 17, along with a further redistribution of the components along the layer height, small weed impurities are released, which are removed from the machine along the trays 18, 19 located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the impurities along the pallets. The stratified grain mixture enters the sieves 14 and 20, with round holes, the diameter of which is greater than the width, but less than the length of the seeds of the main culture. Oversize and under-sieve products of sieves 14 and 20 are further cleaned in two parallel lines of machines 21, 22, 23 and 24, 25 located in series.

 The over-sieve product from the upper layer, consisting of seeds of the main culture with a predominant content of long (oats), low-fat (segments of wild radish, oatmeal, unripe grains of the main culture) impurities, is sent to the trie cylinders 21, located one above the other, and then served for secondary treatment into the working bodies 22 and the final vibropneumatic separator 23 for separating the long, remaining short impurities, feeble, small seeds of the main culture and low-level impurities.

 The product of the lower layer comes under the sieves 14 and 20 and is fed for cleaning into the indent cylinders 24 and then fed to the secondary cleaning machine 25 for separation of short and remaining long impurities, as well as small puny seeds of the main culture.

 At the exit of the machines 25 and 23 receive finished products.

 The proposed method allows to improve the quality of cleaning and reduce energy costs for obtaining seeds of class 1 by reducing the clogging of the seed fraction by small weeds, grains and difficult to separate impurities during additional separation of the grain mixture and separation of the fraction that does not require final cleaning.

Claims (1)

 The method of separation of grain mixtures, including preliminary cleaning of wet grain heap with the release of light, large and small weed impurities, primary cleaning in an air-sieve machine with two mills with two tiers of sieves, separation of the oversize products of the lower tiers of sieves in parallel lines of serially connected trimeric blocks and secondary cleaning machines, final cleaning on vibratory air separators, characterized in that the grain mixture after preliminary cleaning and temporary storage is additional o are divided by size into four fractions on a cylindrical sieve, and the pass-through fraction of the final section of the sieve after drying is divided into layers by density on non-perforated surfaces additionally installed in front of the sieves of the lower tiers, over-sieve products from the upper layer are sent to one line of inlet blocks, secondary cleaning machines and then for final cleaning, and the product of the lower layer, which passed under the final sections of the lower tiers of the sieves, is fed to other lines of the trie blocks and secondary cleaning machines.