RU2183514C1 - Apparatus for separating grain material into fractions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has feeding hopper and air cleaning part with fan, settling chamber and aspiration channels. Grain mixture is directed from feeding hopper into first aspiration channel. Air-separated contaminants are delivered from first aspiration channel into settling chamber, and grain mixture is delivered onto three-tier sieve shoe. Grain pan is located between upper and middle tiers. Air-distributing surface is arranged in front of middle tier sieve. Channel running under mentioned surface is connected to additional fan. Grain pan is connected to air-distributing surface and tray located under upper tier sieve. Contaminants are separated from grain on sieves and grain is divided into fractions, which are subjected to cleaning procedures on successively arranged machines. EFFECT: improved quality of separating grain material into fractions and increased efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to air-sieve grain cleaning machines, and can be applied in the food industry and in agriculture for cleaning seeds of agricultural crops.

 A device is known that contains a loading hopper, a deck, an air-cleaning part with a fan, adjustment and drive mechanisms (pneumatic sorting table SPS-5. Technical description and operating instructions. Voronezh, 1986).

 The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of the separation into fractions of a grain material containing air-separable, large, small, long, short, difficult to separate impurities.

 The decrease in the quality of the fractions during the separation of such a grain material occurs because this device requires preliminary preparation of the initial grain mixture, namely the separation of most of the impurities in size and aerodynamic properties.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result is a device containing a loading hopper, an air-cleaning part with a fan, a sediment chamber, the first and second suction channels, a mill with three tiers of sieves with pallets under the outlet parts of the upper and middle tiers (A.С 1189386, A 01 F 12/44; B 07 B 4/08. Device for separating grain mixtures).

 A disadvantage of the known device is the low quality of the separation of the grain mixture into fractions, which in addition to easily separable and difficult to separate impurities.

 The low quality of the separation of grain material into fractions is due to the fact that the redistribution of the components of the grain material moving along the initial section of the sieve of the middle tier occurs only due to vibration of the sieve. This leads to an increase in the time of redistribution of the components along the height of the layer and an increase in the probability of passage under the sieve of those particles of grain material that must come off the sieve.

 The technical result consists in improving the quality of the separation of grain material into fractions.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device is equipped with an additional fan, a sloping board and an air distribution surface installed in front of the middle tier sieve with a channel located beneath it and connected to an additional fan, and the air distribution surface is connected to the pallet under the upper tier sieve by means of a sloping board.

 Installation in front of the sieve of the middle tier of the air distribution surface (GRP), which has a channel in the lower part connected to an additional fan, is necessary for preliminary redistribution of the components of the grain material along the height of the grain layer due to the air flow created by the additional fan. This leads to an increase in the quality of the separation of the material into fractions.

 The connection of the GRP with the pallet of the upper tier by means of a sloping board is necessary to direct the passage fraction of the initial section of the upper tier of sieves to the beginning of the GRP in order to create the necessary grain layer on its initial part. This leads to a better redistribution of the components of the grain mixture along the height of the layer.

 The drawing shows a device for separating grain material into fractions.

 The device consists of a loading hopper 1, an air-cleaning part 2 with a fan and a sedimentation chamber, the first 3 and second 4 suction channels, a sieve mill 5 with three tiers of sieves: top 6, middle 7, lower 8, pallets 9, 10 located under output parts of the upper and middle tiers, pitched boards 11, air distribution surface 12, channel 13, additional fan 14.

 The device operates as follows. A grain mixture consisting of seeds of the main culture, air-separable, large, small, long, short and difficult to separate (segments of wild radish, wild oats, etc.) of impurities is fed from the feed hopper 1 into the first suction channel 3 of the air-cleaning part 2. After the separation in the first suction channel 3 of air-separable impurities, the grain mixture enters the sieve 6, from which large impurities are released. Part of the passage fraction of the sieve 6 is fed to the ramp board 11, directing this flow to the air distribution surface 12. The fraction falling on the pallet 9, depending on the shape and size of the openings of the sieve 6, can be combined with the descent fraction of the sieve 7 or removed from the machine for use in feed goals.

 Under the action of the air flow supplied by the additional fan 14 to the channel 13, and the vibrations of the mill 5, the separation of the grain material at the GRP-12 takes place. At the same time, hardly separated impurities (segments of wild radish, wild oats) move to the upper layers, and small heavy and short impurities fall into the lower layers.

 When the layered material moves along the sieve 7, which has round holes with a diameter greater than the width of the seeds of the main culture, grain material from the lower layers enters the passage. Along with the seeds of the main culture, this fraction includes short, small, heavy impurities and the permissible content of long and difficult to separate.

 The fraction formed from the grain material of the upper layers moves off the sieve 7. The composition of this fraction includes seeds of the main culture with a predominant content of long and difficult to separate impurities and an acceptable content of short impurities. The fraction falling on the pallet 10, depending on the shape and size of the openings of the final part of the sieve 7, is either sent to fodder targets (when installing the final section of the sieve 7 with oblong holes to separate small and puny seeds of the main crop) or fed into the initial grain mixture (at the installation of the final section of the sieve 7 with round holes, the diameter of which is greater than the width of the seeds of the main culture).

 On sieve 8 is cleaning from small impurities. The outlet fraction of the sieve 8 is sent to separate the remaining impurities by aerodynamic properties in the second suction channel 4.

 The proposed device allows to improve the quality of separation of grain material into fractions, which then undergo differential cleaning on subsequent machines.

Claims (1)

 A device for separating grain material into fractions containing a loading hopper, an air-cleaning part with a fan, a sedimentation chamber, a mill with three tiers of sieves and pallets under the outlet parts of the upper and middle tiers, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional fan, a sloping board and installed in front of the middle tier sieve with an air distribution surface with a channel located beneath it and connected to an additional fan, and the air distribution surface is connected to SG sieve under the upper tier by a sloped board.