RU2565294C1 - Method of receiving of combed grain-leguminous heap, final threshing and cleaning with separation of fodder, seed and commodity grain fractions of soybean and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: according to the method, the heap of soybean is occasionally transported from the harvesting unit with at least one vehicle to the pre-cleaner without intermediate storage. The combed grain-leguminous heap of soybeans is unloaded into the hopper of the feeder-dispenser by tripping. Through the feeder-dispenser the grain-leguminous heap is fed to the lower transport board, where is redistributed by the specific weight and fed to the upper sieve and lower sieve of the sieve pan. The said heap is collected by the screw in a seed fraction. It is fed by the seed grain elevators to the seed section of the pneumoseparating device and then - to the first drum. From this drum the seed grain is collected in flexible containers. The remaining large heap and beans coming off the adapter, by the screw and the elevator of beans are fed to the final threshing device. The said heap is threshed by wiping and then fed to the upper transport board. From this board the grains are fed by redistributing to the second half of the upper sieve and the lower sieve of the sieve pan, where the unthreshed soybeans and large impurities from the adapter are served for re-threshing. The threshed beans are collected by the screw and the commodity grain elevator from the second half of the sieve pans and fed to the second and third drums of the universal drum separator, where they are separated into commodity grain and wastes. Then the chaff in the cleaning device and the light impurities from the universal drum of the separator are mixed in the mixing device and fed to the extruder-granulator of the fodder. The prepared fodder is fed to the fodder hopper by the bucket carrier.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of soybean seeds.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to a method and a set of devices for post-harvest processing of combed leguminous heaps and cleaning with distribution to seed and commercial fractions.

A known method of cleaning sunflower seeds and a line for its implementation, including feeding seeds in containers, pre-cleaning them with separation into fractions, transporting seeds in containers, as well as primary cleaning of each fraction, separating their seeds by density on a pneumatic sorting table and storing each fraction separately in containers, moreover, the separation of seeds of each fraction by density on a pneumatic sorting table is carried out before their primary cleaning, and the line for cleaning sunflower seeds includes transport a folding device with a lift, a preliminary cleaning machine equipped with sieves with outlets for different seed fractions, as well as a primary cleaning machine for each seed fraction, a pneumatic sorting table for each fraction, rotary trestles for installing containers above the preliminary cleaning machines, primary cleaning and pneumatic sorting table, containers for receiving, transporting and storing seeds, made identical in the form of metering feeders, and the sorting table is installed in front of the primary machine purification (RF patent No. 2265487, IPC B07B 9/00, A01F 12/44).

The disadvantage of this method and the line for its implementation is the availability of devices for producing seeds and product fraction and the absence of a home-treatment device and devices for processing waste to produce high-quality feed.

The closest in technical solution is the method of receiving, cleaning the grain heap from the field, storing grain and a cleaning and storage complex in which the plants are mowed in the field and threshed to get the stems that are returned to the field, and the unidentified heap, which is a mixture, including grain, floor and weed seeds, periodically transported from the harvesting unit, at least one vehicle to the heap cleaner without intermediate storage, empty the vehicle with m heap of heap by direct unloading of the whole mass of heap into a single heap receiver of the specified heap cleaner, then the unloaded heap is fed directly to the heap cleaner to separate the grain from impurities, thereby avoiding temporary storage of the heap after it is unloaded from the vehicle, before cleaning it with the specified heap cleaner and clean the heap, in order to obtain refined grain and non-grain fraction as a product, whereupon a grain pile is loaded into a receiving hopper, a mixture of a pile of air and air is fed by an ejector through a lifting pipe and at the entrance of the main cyclone, in which grain and heavy waste particles settle in the hopper, grain with impurities is fed from the hopper to the ramp board through an adjustable shutter, along the corrugations of which the grain and impurities are oriented along the direction of movement, and they are fed into a horizontal air stream, which is the output stream from the main cyclone, grain and impurities are separated in the air stream on a set of selected auxiliary and intermediate streams, and some of the waste is immediately collected in the cavity of the feed waste, air with volatile from moves in a cyclone of volatile waste, from the outlet of which air is directed to the air inlet of the pressure fan of the ejector of the receiving hopper, and the grain fraction is fed to a sieve calibration mill, from which the impurities of the waste are fed into the cavity of the feed waste, and calibrated and refined grain is fed to the funnels, at least one pneumatic grain thrower, which serves purified grain from impurities in a given part of the grain warehouse. The sieve calibration mill is subjected to vibration, a mixture of grain and waste impurities is fed to the upper sieve of the sieve calibration mill, under the action of vibration, large impassable particles from the lower edge of the sieve are sent through intermediate trays to the feed waste cavity, and then to the funnel of the feed waste ejector, selected grain the lower calibration sieve is moved to the grain receiving tray, and the passage fraction is fed through the pitched tray and sent through intermediate trays to the funnel of the feed waste ejector. The ramp is affected by vibration, and in the shutter of the main hopper, the gap between the blades of the metering coil and the shutter body is controlled and the coil is rotated through the mechanical transmission of the rotor of the drive with the blades, which are rotated by the air flow from the additional channel diverted from the main air outlet pipe from the main cyclone. When changing to cleaning different grain materials, the valves installed in the pipes are controlled, thereby changing the speed of rotation of the air rotor, the volume of the grain mixture being supplied with a shutter and the separation air flow, they also move a set of selected trays and auxiliary trays along the guides. From the ejector of feed waste, the mixture is fed into the cyclone of feed waste, at the exit of which light waste is collected by a bag filter, and waste is disposed of, and waste from the feed waste bin is used in the household. Between pneumatic grain throwers, grain is precipitated by an intermediate cyclone. The complex for cleaning grain heaps and storing grain contains a container with an aerodynamic space inside its cavity, at least one air blower, a device for forming an air flow in an aerodynamic space, a device for supplying initial bulk particles with the possibility of regulation into the air stream, fraction collectors, at least one closed air circuit, and it contains a receiving hopper with a bottom with slopes and an opening located below, which is blocked by an adjustable damper, and connected to the ejector with a pressure fan located under it, and the ejector output connected to the lift pipe, which is connected to the input of the main cyclone with a hopper located above other devices, the main hopper has a bottom with slopes and a shutter at the bottom, which is connected to the drive, with the possibility of dosing supply of raw materials from the hopper to the inclined ramp board, the main air outlet pipe from the main cyclone is lowered to the level of the ramp board and forms a purge device, the outlet of which with an adjustable damper horizontally, under the range of the purge device are a set of selective trays with the ability to change position, under the lower edge of the far, from the output edge of the purge device of the selective tray there is a feed waste cavity that is connected to an intermediate tray that is directed to the charge funnel of the feed waste ejector, which connected to the inlet of the feed waste cyclone with a hopper, a sieve calibration mill is located under the lower edge of the closer selection tray, and the lower edge The auxiliary heavy and large waste collection tray nearest to the purge device is located above the intermediate tray directed to the charge funnel of the fodder waste ejector, and opposite to the purge device there is a channel for receiving air with volatile waste, which is connected to a cyclone of volatile waste, the output of which is connected to the inlet of the pressure head hopper ejector fan, the area of the set of selected trays and sieve calibration mill from the output edge of the purge devices and to the air intake channel with volatile waste, it is limited by a casing with holes, and the sieve calibration mill contains at least two interchangeable calibration sieves, inclined on a slope, with a vibration generator installed on the common frame, brushes are installed under the sieves bottom, the upper sieve and the lower pitched the tray is connected to the intermediate tray of heavy and large waste, which is directed to the funnel of the ejector of feed waste, under the lower edge of the impassable sieve for high-quality grain a receiving tray set and calibrated refined grains, which is derived from the casing to a receiving funnel of at least one pneumatic Zernometatel. The shutter of the main hopper is made in the form of a coil with blades, which is mounted on a shaft with a sprocket, and a pivotally mounted valve covers it from below with the possibility of changing the clearance to the edge of the blades of the coil, and the rotation drive of the coil is made in the form of an air rotor with blades, which is mounted on the shaft with a sprocket at the intersection of the outlet of the additional air channel from the main cyclone pipe, and an intermediate part of the casing between the purge device and the volatile waste channel, sprockets I am waiting for myself to be connected by a chain through an intermediate gearbox, and on the additional channel a rotary damper is installed with the possibility of local change in the channel section. In the pipe of the air outlet from the main cyclone and in the purge device, rotary shutters are installed with the possibility of local change in the flow area and fixation in predetermined positions, the pipe from the outlet of the cyclone of feed waste is connected to a filter of breathable material. The pitched board is corrugated and connected to a vibration generator. The top of the receiving hopper is located below the bottom of the truck body, and the shutter of the main hopper is located at a height of 2 to 5 m, with the receiving hopper located under the flyover for the truck and the receiving hopper and fan with an ejector are located in the pit. The pneumatic grain thrower is installed with a possibility of a turn on 300 °. In the lower part of the feed cyclone bunker and highly volatile waste bunker, lock gates are installed. A set of selective trays is mounted on guides located along the direction of flow from the purge device, with the possibility of fixing in a given position. At least one hole in the casing wall is made with a lock gate, and an intermediate cyclone without shutter is installed between the pneumatic grain throwers (RF patent No. 2500489, IPC V07V 9/00).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of air flow for moving grain by pneumatic grain throwers, during operation of which the air flow will be destructive when moving and sedimenting seed and marketable soybeans having a soaring speed twice the size of crops and low dynamic strength.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to improve the quality of soybean seeds, marketable grains and extruded high-protein feeds, which include bean leaves, weed seeds, particles of stems and leaves, unripe seeds, uncut beans and light impurities of combed soybean heap and soybean grain waste.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that leguminous heap is obtained by combing soybean plants on the root in the field, delivered by a vehicle and unloaded into the hopper of the feeder-dispenser by tipping over, then through the feeder-dispenser the legume heap is fed to the lower transport board, where it is redistributed according to the specific gravity and enters the upper sieve and the lower sieve of the sieve mill, is collected with a screw in the seed fraction and the seed grain elevator is fed into the seed section of the air separation device and then into a drum from which the seed grain is collected in soft containers, the remaining large heap and beans coming off the extension, are fed into the beater by a screw and grain elevator, milled by wiping, and then fed to the upper transport board, from where grain is redistributed to the second half the upper sieve and the lower sieve of the sieve mill, where unmilled soybeans and large impurities from the extension are threshed, threshed beans are collected by a screw and grain elevator from the second half of the sieve mills and fed into the second and third drums of the universal drum separator, where they are separated into marketable grain and waste, then the floor in the cleaning device and light impurities from the universal drum separator are mixed in a mixing device and sent to the extruder-granulator of feed and then cooked noria feed served in the feed hopper. A set of devices for receiving carded leguminous heap, hammering and cleaning with separation of fodder, seed and commercial fractions of soybean grain containing one dividing transport board and sieve mill, characterized in that the cleaning device contains two separate transport boards, where the combed bean heap comes to the bottom from the metering feeder, and on the top - heap after threshing with a domolating device, the universal drum separator is divided into two sections for air separation of seeds and commodity dressing tion, and these two fractions are further separated separately, the seeds are on the first drum, and the commodity fraction is on the second and third drums, and to obtain a seed fraction the screws and elevators along the outer edge are framed with a brush element to prevent pinching and crushing.

Figure 1 in a schematic view shows the technological scheme for the reception, grinding and cleaning of leguminous heaps, obtaining pressed high-protein feed, in figure 2 - cleaning device, in figure 3 - universal drum separator.

The method of accepting combed leguminous heap, hammering and cleaning with the separation of fodder, seed and commercial fractions of soybean grain is carried out without storing the leguminous heap before cleaning it in a stationary grain cleaning complex and includes the delivery of leguminous heap obtained by combing soybean plants on the root in the field and moving them to the field a vehicle, with their periodic delivery to a stationary grain cleaning complex with one vehicle without intermediate storage, unloading by tipping the vehicle into the hopper 2 of the dispenser feeder 3, which, by gradually raising and tilting, feeds the heap to the feeder-dispenser 3, through which the leguminous heap enters the lower transport cleaning board 4, where it is redistributed by specific gravity and enters the upper sieve 5 and lower sieve 6 sieve mill. The grain that has passed the first half of the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill is collected with a screw 14, which is framed around the periphery by a brush element that prevents pinching and destruction of soybean grain into the seed fraction, with an elevator of seed grain 15 with framed scrapers, is fed into a separate section of the air separation device and the first drum 27 universal drum separator and collect the seed in a soft container. Large heaps and beans coming off the extension are collected with the screw 16 and the grain elevator 17 is fed into the home-grinding device 11 and milled with a wipe. Next, the threshed beans enter the upper transport board 8, are redistributed, and enter the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill, where from the extension 7 they are re-threshed, and the grain passage from the second half of the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill is collected by a screw 16 and a grain elevator 17, serves on the second half of the section of the pneumatic separation device and the second 28 and third 29 drums of a universal drum separator. The purified commodity grain is collected by passage from the second 28 and third 29 reels into soft containers of commodity grain, and the waste leaves immediately and is sent to the bunker of the extruder-granulator 23, in which the floor drain from the sieve mill is sucked by the fan-thrower 21, fine impurities deposited in the cyclone and the waste from the universal drum separator is mixed and extruded into a high protein feed and is fed into the feed hopper 25 by noriya 24.

The complex of devices for implementing the method is a stationary grain cleaning complex and consists of a hopper 2 of a feeder feeder 3, a cleaning device, a system for producing pressed high-protein feed and a universal drum separator.

The cleaning device consists of a lower transport board 4, an upper sieve 5 and a lower sieve 6 of a sieve mill, an extension 7, an upper transport board 8, a bean harvesting screw 9, a bean elevator 10, a grinding machine 11, a wiping drum 12, a deck 13, a lower sieve 6 sieve mill, screw 14 and seed grain elevator 15, screw 16 and grain elevator 17, screw 9 and bean elevator 10, floor collector 18.

The system of devices for producing pressed high-protein feed, in turn, consists of a collector of the floor 18, a mixing device 19, suction pneumatic pipes 20, a fan-thrower 21, a discharge pipe 22, an extruder-granulator feed 23, a noriya 24, a feed hopper 25.

Universal drum separator includes air cleaning 26, divided into two parts for the separation of seeds and marketable grain and three drums 27, 28, 29 sieve cleaning. Seeds, commercial grain and waste are collected separately in soft containers.

Stationary grain cleaning complex operates as follows.

A leguminous heap is obtained by combing soybean stalks with a combing header mounted by a tractor and accumulated in a mobile volumetric vehicle 1. Volumetric vehicle 1 with an accumulated leguminous heap is delivered from the field to a stationary grain cleaning complex. The volumetric vehicle 1 unloads the leguminous heap by tipping into the hopper 2 of the metering feeder 3. The hopper 2 of the feeder-metering unit 3 installed in series in the line by gradually lifting and tilting moves the leguminous heap to the metering feeder 3, which feeds it for cleaning. The legume heap arriving for cleaning is first divided on the lower transport board 4 and then it enters the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill, where the legume heap is divided into grain pass, beans and large floor, which come off the extension 7 and are removed by the screw 9 along the entire width of the sieve mill, and then with the screw 9 and the elevator, the beans 10 are sent to the grinding machine 11, where they fall into the gap between the wiping drum 12 and deck 13, during the interaction of which the beans are grinded, and a heap containing grain, a sash and minor impurities, is fed to the upper transport board 8, there pile separated and purified in the second half of the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 sieve box. Then it is collected by a screw of commercial grain 16 and an elevator of commercial grain 17 is fed into a universal drum separator for final separation and purification from impurities. The soybean threshed during sieving, divided on the transport board 4 and the first half of the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill, is separated into the seed fraction, collected by a screw 14 and a scraped grain elevator 15, the working edges of which are framed around the periphery with a brush element that prevents pinching and the destruction of soybean grain, is transferred to a universal drum separator, which has a dividing wall in the air separation section to separate the seed fraction of soybean grain separately by air flow. After air separation, the grain seed fraction is separated on the first drum 27 of the sieve separator, and the product fraction is redistributed on the upper transport board 8, divided on the second half of the upper sieve 5 and the lower sieve 6 of the sieve mill, collected and moved with the screw 16 and the grain grain elevator 17 to the second half of the air separation section, is divided into the second 28 and third 29 reels and receive a commercial fraction and waste. Finally peeled seeds and marketable grain from drums 28 and 29 are collected in soft containers. The floor and light impurities from cleaning through pipelines 20 and 21 enter the mixing device 19 and are sent to the extruder-granulator 23 by the fan-thrower 23. The noria 24 food prepared in the extruder-granulator 23 is transferred to the feed hopper 25.

The proposed method for accepting combed leguminous heap, mash and purification with separation of fodder, seed and commercial fractions of soybean and a set of devices for its implementation allows to obtain high-grade, most matured soybean seeds, threshed during the treatment of plants, high-protein extruded feed for cattle, consisting of sex , grass weeds, light impurities of unripened soybeans and small wastes, as well as marketable grain and wastes for sale to processing enterprises. The economic effect of the collected additional crop is more than 600 rubles per 1 hectare.

Claims (2)

1. The method of receiving combed soy bean heap, mash and cleaning with the release of fodder, seed and commercial fractions of soybean grain, in which the heap is periodically transported from the harvesting unit by at least one vehicle to the heap cleaner without intermediate storage, empty the vehicle with the heap mass by unloading the entire mass of the heap into a single heap receiver, and then heap is fed directly to the heap cleaner to separate the grain from impurities, characterized in that the stripped grain bean the heap of soybeans is unloaded into the hopper of the feeder-batcher by tipping, then through the feeder-batcher, the bean heap is fed to the lower transport board, where it is redistributed according to the specific gravity and fed to the upper sieve and lower sieve of the sieve mill, collected by auger into the seed fraction and grain seed elevator served in the seed section of the pneumatic separating device and then into the first drum, from which the seed grain is collected in soft containers, the remaining large heap and beans coming off the extension, auger and elevator beans they give it to the pre-grinding device, grind it by wiping and then feed it to the upper transport board, from where, by redistributing the grain, it is fed to the second half of the upper sieve and the lower sieve of the sieve mill, where unmilled soybeans and large impurities from the extension are fed to re-threshing, threshed beans are collected by a screw and an elevator of commercial grain from the second half of the sieve mills and serves in the second and third drums of a universal drum separator, where they are divided into commercial grain and waste, then the floor into the cleaning device and light impurities from the universal drum separator are mixed in a mixing device and sent to the extruder-granulator feed, and then the prepared food is noria fed into the feed hopper. 2. A device for receiving combed soy bean heap, mash and cleaning with the release of fodder, seed and commercial fractions of soybean grain containing a heap cleaner and sieve mill, characterized in that the heap cleaner and sieve mill contain a metering feeder with a hopper, a lower transport board for receiving combed soy bean heap from the feeder-feeder, an upper sieve and a lower sieve for dividing the legume heap into a grain aisle, beans, a bean collecting screw, installed across the entire width of the sieve mill, the bean feeder, a grinding unit with a wiping drum and deck, installed with a gap and the ability to interact with ensuring the threshing of the beans into a heap, the upper transport board for receiving the threshed heap of beans, the device contains a universal drum separator, divided into sections for seed fraction and commodity fraction and providing the possibility of obtaining a seed fraction on the first drum, and commodity fraction on the second and third reels, and to obtain a seed fraction augers and elevato The edges along the outer edge are framed by a brush element.

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